EVALUATIONS OF SOVIET SURFACE-TO-SURFACE MISSILE DEPLOYMENT 17TH REVISION

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• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
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• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 19, 2003
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: March 1, 1965
• Content Type: REPORT

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EVALUATIONS OF SOVIET
SURFACE-TO-SURFACE
MISSILE DEPLOYMENT
A Report
17TH REVISION
of the Deployment Working Group
Guided Missile and Astronautics Intelligence Committee
DECLASS REVIEW by NIMA/DOD
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EVALUATIONS OF SOVIET
SURFACE-TO-SURFACE
MISSILE DEPLOYMENT
17TH REVISION
A Report of the Deployment Working Group
of the
Guided Missile and Astronautics Intelligence Committee
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The Guided Missile and Astronautics Intelligence Com-
mittee (GMAIC) wishes to express its appreciation to the
National Photographic Interpretation Center for its assist-
ance in the editing, illustration, and publication of this
report.
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This report, published bimonthly by the GMAIC Deployment
Working Group (DWG), provides a comprehensive, ready-reference
listing of all ICBM, IRBM, and MRBM deployment locations, types of
site configurations, photographic references, estimated construction
and operational status, and other evaluations by the DWG. These data
constitute the majority view of the DWG membership, and may not
correspond precisely to individual assessments by each member.
Additional data may be added to future revisions.
Dissemination of the report was previously limited to holders of
the DWG report, Soviet Surface-to-Surface Missile Deployment. Be-
cause the information contained herein is both supplemental and
self-sustaining, distribution will no longer be limited to holders of
the above report.
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Page
Introduction ............ ...
.......................
.....
1
Soviet ICBM Deployment ....................................
1
Soviet IRBM/MRBM Deployment ...............................
63
Table 1.
Summary of Estimated St
MRBM Launchers at Dep
atus of Identified ICBM, IRBM, an
loyed Complexes .............
d
.....
72
Table 2.
Summary Evaluation of S
oviet ICBM Deployment .......
.....
73
Table 3.
Summary Evaluation of S
oviet IRBM Deployment .......
.....
77
Table 4.
Summary Evaluation of S
oviet MRBM Deployment ......
.....
79
Table 5.
Summary Evaluation of L
Test Center .........
aunch Facilities, Kapustin Yar Mi
.......................
ssile
.....
86
Table 6.
Summary Evaluation of S
Positions) ..........
oviet Fixed Field Sites (SSM Fixed
.......................
Field
.....
87
Table 7.
Composition of IRBM/MR
BM Complexes ..... ..
.....
91
Table 8.
Soviet ICBM, IRBM, and
Characteristics and Perf
MRBM Systems, Technical
ormance .................
.....
92
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Figure 1. Deployment of Soviet ICBM Complexes ................. Facing 1
Figure 2. Typical Configurations of ICBM Launch Sites, and
Explanation of Types ................................ 3
Figure 3. Artist's Concept of Type IIIC ICBM Launch Site ............. 10
Figure 4. Launch Site B(2), Uzhur ICBM Complex ................... 11
Figure 5. Launch Site A3(15), Tyuratam .......................... 12
Figure 6. Launch Site B2(16), Tyuratam .......................... 13
Figure 7. Launch Complex 1(14), Tyuratam ....................... 14
Figure 8. Launch Site G7(18), Tyuratam .......................... 15
Figure 9. Launch Sites K1 and K2(13), Tyuratam .................... 16
Figure 10. Site Support Facility at Type IIIC ICBM Launch Site ........... 17
Figure 11. Site Support Facility at Type IIIA ICBM Launch Site .......... 18
Figure 12. Probable Control Bunker Under Construction, Launch Site C(3),
Aleysk ICBM Complex .............................. 19
Figure 13. Complex Support Facility, Aleysk ICBM Complex ............. 20
Figure 14. Launch Sites D(4), E(5), and F(6), Kartaly ICBM Complex ....... 21
Figure 15. Schematic Layout, Kartaly ICBM Complex ................. 22
Figure 16. Launch Site F(6), Zhangiz-Tobe ICBM Complex .............. 23
Figure 17. Schematic Layout, Zhangiz-Tobe ICBM Complex ............. 24
Figure 18. Artist's Concept of Central Launch Site, Type IIID ICBM
Launch Group. .................................... 31
Figure 19. Launch Site K3(20), Tyuratam ........................... 32
Figure 20. Artist's Concept of Launch Site K3(20), Tyuratam ............ 33
Figure 21. Artist's Concept of Launch Site G8/G9(19), Tyuratam .......... 34
Figure 22. Complex Support Facility and Rail-to-Road Transfer Point,
Tatishchevo ICBM Complex ........................... 35
Figure 23. Schematic Layout, Launch Group D(4-13), Ol.ovyannaya ICBM
Complex ........................................ 36
Figure 24. Launch Group D(4-13), Olovyannaya ICBM Complex ........... 37
Figure 25. Launch Group E(14-23), Olovyannaya ICBM Complex .......... 39
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ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
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Figure 26. Schematic Layout, Launch Group E(14-23), Olovyannaya
ICBM Complex .................................... 41
Figure 27. Launch Group A(1-11), Tatishchevo ICBM Complex ........... 42
Figure 28. Launch Site A1(1), Launch Group A, Tatishchevo ICBM Complex... 43
Figure 29. Launch Group B(12-21), Tatishchevo ICBM Complex........... 44
Figure 30. Launch Group G(7-16), Drovyanaya ICBM Complex ........... 45
Figure 31. Launch Group F(7-13), Gladkaya ICBM Complex ............. 96
Figure 32. Possible Launch Group G, Perm ICBM Complex ............. 47
Figure 33. Possible Electronic Facility, Launch Site B(2), Olovyannaya
ICBM Complex .................................... 52
Figure 34. L-shaped Ground Scar, Launch Site B(2), Shadrinsk ICBM
Complex ........................................ 53
Figure 35. Artist's Concept of Launch Site B3(17), Tyuratam ............ 56
Figure 36. Artist's Concept of Launch Site G1/G2(7), Tyuratam........... 57
Figure 37. Artist's Concept of Launch Site G3/G4(11), Tyuratam .......... 58
Figure 38. Launch Site G5/G6(12), Tyuratam ....................... 59
Figure 39. Artist's Concept of Launch Site G5/G6(12), Tyuratam .......... 60
Figure 40. Launch Complex J, Tyuratam .......................... 61
Figure 41. Deployment of Soviet IRBM/MRBM Complexes .............. 62
Figure 42. Typical Configurations of IRBM/MRBM Launch Sites,
With Associated Missile Systems ....................... 64
Figure 43. Bereza IRBM Launch Site ............................ 66
Figure 44. Nosecone Vans at Anastasyevka Launch Site 2 .............. 67
Figure 45. Soviet Nosecone Vans at MRBM Launch Site in Cuba .......... 68
Figure 46. Akhtyrka Fixed Field Site, Akhtyrka MRBM Complex .......... 69
Figure 47. Rozhdestvenka MRBM Launch Site ....................... 70
Figure 48. Launch Complex H, Kapustin Yar ........................ 71
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INTRODUCTION
This report is the 17th Revision of Evalua-
tions of Soviet Surface-to-Surface Missile De-
ployment prepared by the Deployment Working
Group (DWG) of the Guided Missile and Astro-
nautics Intelligence Committee (GMAIC). While
information contained in this and previous re-
visions is self-sustaining, it serves to supple-
ment the basic DWG report Soviet Surface-to-
Surface Missile Deployment, which provides
detailed information on individual launch facil-
ities of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces.
The basic report, dated 1 January 1962 (Control
Number has been revised and
updated on a periodic basis. Further updating
is accomplished in reports prepared and pub-
lished for GMAIC by the National Photographic
Interpretation Center.
tinuing analysis ot previous missions and other
sources have provided additional information
on the Soviet strategic ballistic missile deploy-
ment program. The new data are reflected in
Table 1 and in the estimated operational status
shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4. Also in this re-
vision are the addition of a new Table 5 con-
taining information on surface-to-surface mis-
sile launch sites at the Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center, and Table 8 which lists the
technical characteristics of Soviet ICBM, IRBM,
and MRBM systems currently operational or
under development. Cutoff date for information
contained in this report is 20 February 1965.
SOVIET ICBM DEPLOYMENT
Significant developments in the Soviet ICBM
deployment program since publication of our
16th Revision include confirmation that single
silos of 2 different configurations are being
deployed; identification of single-silo deploy-
ment at 1 new and 3, possibly 4, of the 18
older complexes; additional single-silo deploy-
ment at complexes previously associated with
these configurations; and probable completion
of the last 3 Type IIIA sites of the group begun
in 1963. At the Tyuratam Missile Test Center,
a newly identified single-silo site has been
designated Launch Site K3(20).
CURRENT DEPLOYMENT
The number of identified ICBM complexes
is now 25, following the identification of a new
complex at Tatishchevo, near Saratov. The 25
complexes now contain a total of 323 confirmed
and probable launchers in various stages of
construction, of which 150 are soft and 173 are
hard. Included in the hard launchers are 95
single silos. See Figure 1 for locations of
deployed ICBM complexes.
Of the 323 confirmed and probable launch-
ers, 224 are estimated to be operational, in-
cluding 78 in a hard configuration. In addition,
we believe that 26 of the 36 launchers at Tyura-
tam are operational, although not normally
considered as part of the operational ICBM
force.
Eleven of the 25 complexes contain both
hard and soft launchers, 4 contain only soft
sites, and 10 have hard sites only. The number
of launchers identified at individual complexes
ranges from a low of 3 at Omsk to a high of 29
at Olovyannaya. We cannot determine the typi-
cal number of sites or launchers which any
individual complex ultimately will contain.
In the past, Plesetsk has been the only
complex at which more than 1 missile system
was deployed. It now appears that mixed de-
ployment is occurring at Olovyannaya, Drovya-
naya, Gladkaya, and possibly Perm, since we
believe it unlikely that the SS-7 or any missile
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of similar size can be accommodated in the
single silos under construction at these com-
plexes.
The ICBM sites have been designated by
type, as shown and explained in Figure 2. The
single silos have been designated Types IIIC
and IIID and diagrams have been included, al-
though final configurations cannot be determined
as yet. We have also included a diagram of the
Type IB probable rail-served soft sites under
construction at Plesetsk, although we do not
know the final configuration or associated mis-
sile system.
Evaluation of all evidence received, since
our last revision has resulted in the following
changes at the complexes indicated, and at
Tyuratam:
DROVYANAYA, Launch Group G(7-16),
Type IIID, under construction
GLADKAYA, Launch Group F(7-13),
Type IIID, under construction
KARTALY, Launch Sites D(4), E(5), and
F(6), Type IIIC, under construction
OLOVYANNAYA, Launch Group E (14-
23), Type IIID, under construction
PERM, Possible Launch Group G, Type
IIID, under construction
TATISHCHEVO (New Complex), Launch
Groups A(1-11) and B(12-21), Type
IIID, under construction
UZHUR, Possible Launch Sites G(7) and
H(8), Type IIIC, under construction
ZHANGIZ-TOBE, Launch Site F'(6), Type
IIIC, under construction
TYURATAM, Launch Site K3(20), Type
IIID, under construction.
DELETION:
KOSTROMA, Launch Site H(8), Type
ILIA, abandoned.
SINGLE-SILO DEPLOYMENT
General
We have now identified nearly 100 con-
firmed, probable, and possible single - silo launch
sites in early, mid, and late stages of con-
struction* at 7 new and 3, possibly 4, of the
older SS-7 complexes. We believe that this de-
ployment program will continue.
Recent photography of deployed sites and
the Tyuratamn Missile Test Center, particularly
indicates that
single silos of 2 different types are being de-
ployed. We have designated these 2 configura-
tions as Type IIIC and Type IIID. Our analysis
of these site configurations, and the deployment
program associated with each, is presented in
the following paragraphs.
Type IIIC Sites
GENERAL
We have identified 35 sites of the Type IIIC
configuration, located at the previously identi-
fied single-silo complexes at Aleysk, Dombarov-
skiy, Imeni Gastello, Kartaly, Uzhur, and Zhan-
giz-Tobe. Each of the complexes, except
Dombarovskiy, currently contains 6 confirmed
launch sites. The Dombarovskiy complex, which
had 5 sites when last observed on good photog-
raphy in probably also has a
sixth site as yet undetected. In addition, re-
cently initiated construction activity at Uzhur,
the farthest advanced of the 6 complexes, sug-
gests the start of another 3 sites. The launch
*To clarify our use of the terms early, mid, and late in
referring to construction stages at single-silo sites,
identifiable steps in the construction process have been
categorized as follows:
early stage, clearing and grading, open-cut silo ex-
cavation, silo coring; midstage, silo under con-
struction, silo backfilling; late stage, silo cover
installed, final backfill and grading; complete,
final configuration apparent; operational, equip-
ment installed and checked out (estimated).
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sites at each complex are separated by distances
ranging from 3 to 6 miles.
All 6 complexes are rail-served and all
are located in the south-central USSR, in a
belt generally south of that containing the 18
older complexes. Each consists of a complex
support facility and a rail-to-road transfer
point, in addition to the launch sites. The
earliest construction at any of the single-silo
complexes was begun in following
the cessation of construction starts of older
site configurations and subsequent to, or con-
current with, abandonment of several second-
generation sites that were in early-to-mid
construction stages. Construction of the earliest
single silos probably commenced about
0
and all of those currently confirmed were
under construction by
SITE CONFIGURATION
Each Type IIIC launch site contains a
modest site support facility and a single silo
similar in shape, size, and technique of con-
struction to the individual silos accommodating
the SS-7 missile (and possibly the SS-9) at
Type IIIA sites. An artist's concept of a
Type IIIC site is depicted in Figure 3. Construc-
tion begins with the digging of a square exca-
vation approximately 100 to 140 feet on a side
and an estimated 20 to 30 feet deep. Access to
the excavation is provided by 2 earth ramps
which, along with the excavation, present a U-
shaped appearance. The next step in construc-
tion appears to be silo coring in the approximate
center of the excavation. Mensuration of this
coring is difficult but the diameter appears to
be approximately 30 to 40 feet. Spoil from the
excavation is usually arranged in a neat flat-
topped rectangle approximately 150 to 180 by
75 feet on one side of the coring, and a flat-
topped square approximately 75 by 75 feet on
the other side. In a few instances, the nature
of the terrain has dictated that these surfaces
be formed by cutting rather than filling. At
several sites, the tops of these earth mounds
have been surfaced with what appears to be
concrete, suggesting that the earth mounding
provides a hardstand at ground level, probably
to facilitate future missile handling and servic-
ing. No evidence of a structure under the earth
mounds has been detected.
The overall silo structure arising from
the bottom of the excavation appears to be
square, and roughly 60 feet on aside. Mensura-
tion of the inner silo, which ranges from 25 to
30 feet in diameter, has been difficult on avail-
able photography. Rings, which we believe are
utilized to form the inner wall of the silo, have
been identified on 2 occasions and a ear to
have an inner diameter of about 25X1
The most advanced of the deployed Type
IIIC sites are now in a midstage of construction,
with ramps extending from the sides of the ex-
cavation to the silo structures, none of which
has yet reached ground level. At 1 launch site
at Kartaly, it appears that apertures are located
on 2 sides of the silo structure. These could be
the flame exhaust ports inherent in a W-shaped
flame deflection system which permit the mis-
sile to fly out of the silo.
At Uzhur, the most advanced complex, a
probable hardened control facility and a probable
interferometer (Figure 4) are under construction
at Launch Site B(2). Cabling leads from this
launch site toward the other sites in the complex.
Control facilities are probably under construc-
tion at Aleysk Launch Site C(3), Dombarovskiy
Launch Site B(3), Imeni Gastello Launch Site
D(4), Zhangiz-Tobe Launch Site A(1), and pos-
sibly at Kartaly Launch Site A(l).
TYURATAM PROTOTYPES
We believe that the prototype of the Type
IIIC site at the Tyuratam Missile Test Center
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is either the group formed by Launch Sites
A3(15), B2(16), and Launch Complex 1(14), or
Launch Sites G7(18) and K1 and K2(13), or both.
We can see no significant difference between
the sites of these groups at the rangehead, or
between them and deployed Type IIIC sites. We
cannot explain the wide physical separation of
the 2 groups of sites at the rangehead, however.
Construction of the group formed by Launch
Sites A3(15), B2(16), and Launch Complex 1(14),
was first observed in I and prob-
ably began concurrently with deployment of the
sites. All 3 sites (Figures 5, 6, and 7) are cur-
rently in a midstage of construction and are
joined by what appear to be cable ditches. A
probable hardened control facility and an L-
shaped interferometer are under construction
at Launch Complex 1(14), indicating that control
of all 3 sites will be exercised from a. common
facility. The probable control facility is located
at the apex of the L.
Construction of the group formed by Launch
Sites G7(18) and K1 and K2(13) was first ob-
served in II and probably began in
s with the other group, all
3 sites are in a midstage of construction and
all are connected by probable cable ditches
(Figures 8 and 9). A probable hardened control
tacility and an L-shaped interferometer are
under construction at Launch Site G7(18), but
none can be observed at the 2 associated sites.
DEPLOYMENT PATTERN
Although the pattern at deployed complexes
is far less clear than at Tyuratam, the majority
of the DWG believes, based on analysis of
available evidence, that deployment of Type IIIC
sites will be in groups of 3, with a common
control and guidance facility located at 1 launch
facility. (One member believes that until such
time as a second interferometer is confirmed
groups of 6 sites are equally likely.) We further
believe that redundant cabling will interconnect
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the launch and control facilities of 2 or more
groups in such a manner as to permit maximum
flexibility in the event that 1 control center and/
or guidance facility is rendered inoperative.
In making this judgment we examined what
appeared to 'ae 3 possible alternatives: (1) each
site an entity, (2) groups of 3 sites, and (3) groups
of 6 sites. We eliminated the first alternative
because there is good evidence that not all sites
will contain control /guidance facilities. The
third alternative seems less likely than the
second because of construction timing (starts
for some groups of 6 sites were spread out
over relatively long periods of time, including
a 10-month period at 1 complex). The group
of 3 sites appears the most logical in view of
the prototype groups at Tyuratam, construction
timing observed, and the demonstrated proclivity
of the Soviets for groups of 3 at the older SS-7
and SS-8 hard sites. Additionally, at Aleysk
and Imeni Castello, the only complexes where
security fences can be identified at all 6 sites,
2 fences are of the large size and configuration
reminiscent of Launch Complex 1(14) and Launch
Site G7(18) at Tyuratam, while the other 4 are
too small to accommodate interferometers.
CONSTRUCTION TIMING
Construction of Type IIIC sites has been
progressing more slowly than we had originally
anticipated, or can fully understand in view of
the similarity between this type of single silo
and the earlier SS-7 variety. Some of the later
Type IIIA sites were apparently completed in
17 months. The earliest of the Type IIIC sites
have now been under construction for more than
a year and have not yet reached a late stage of
construction. As backfilling and other construc-
tion procedures are difficult during the winter
months, we expect to see considerably greater
progress with the advent of warmer weather.
We believe, however, that it will take a minimum
of 18 to 21 months for the "brick and mortar"
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phase of silo construction to be completed at
the most advanced of the deployed sites. With
additional time for the installation and checkout
of equipment, we believe that it will take a
minimum of 21 to 24 months for each of these
groups of sites to become operational.
Since we have estimated that Type IIIC sites
will be employed in groups of 3, we are assuming
also that they will become operational in the
same manner, although we do not exclude the
possibility that 1 or 2 silos of each group could
have a somewhat earlier emergency capability.
In order to estimate probable completion
dates, we have attempted to determine the op-
erational groups of Type IIIC sites at each
complex, based on geographical location, con-
struction timing, and actual or postulated lo-
cation of sites containing control/guidance fa-
cilities. The resultant groupings, listed below,
are very tenuous. However, reasonable alterna-
tives within each complex will not materially
affect estimated operational dates.
Aleysk
Launch Sites A(1),B(2),C(3)
Launch Sites D(4),E(5),F(6)
Dombarovskiy
Launch Sites A(4),B(3),C(2)
Launch Sites D(1),E(6),F (assumed)
Imeni Gastello
Launch Sites A(1),D(4),E(5)
Launch Sites B(2),C(3),F(6)
Kartaly
Launch Sites A(1),E(5),F(6)
Launch Sites B(2),C(3),D(4)
Uzhur
Launch Sites A(1),B(2),E(5)
Launch Sites C(3),D(4),F(6)
Zhangiz-Tobe
Launch Sites A(1),B(2),C(3)
Launch Sites D(4),E(5),F(6)
of starting dates for the tentative groups of 3
sites within each complex.* Our estimated op-
*Estimated starting dates represent the majority view of
the DWG membership and may not correspond precisely
to individual assessments by each member.
erational dates for these groups are contained
in Table 2 and are based on a 21- to 24-month
construction period, beginning with the start
of the first site in each group.
LOGISTIC SUPPORT
Logistic support facilities at each of the 6
complexes associated with Type IIIC site de-
ployment consists of a complex support facil-
ity, a rail-to-road transfer point, and relatively
limited individual site support facilities. All of
these facilities are currently in varying stages
of construction and assessment is difficult at
this stage in the deployment program. However,
a general comparison can be made with similar
facilities at the 18 older ICBM complexes.
Complex support facilities at the older
complexes vary significantly in terms of area
and extent of facilities. The number of buildings,
for example, ranges from a low of approxi-
mately 45 at Gladkaya to a high of about 230 at
Verkhnyaya Salda. From present evidence, it
appears that, in terms of numbers of buildings,
the complex support facilities at the newer
complexes will equate to the smallest of the old.
It is too early to attempt a detailed comparison
of complex support facilities at the older and
newer complexes, but the newer complexes do
have a facility that is not apparent at the older
complexes. It consists of an adjacent secured
area approximately 1,100 by 900 feet containing
9 to 11 large rectangular buildings and 10 to 15
other buildings of various sizes, including 1
that is T-shaped. The function of this facility
cannot be determined at the present time.
Rail-to-road transfer points at the 6 newer
complexes are in an early stage of construction
and we have no basis as yet to compare them
with similar facilities at the older complexes.
The relative location of the transfer points is
identical at both the newer and older complexes,
i.e., between the complex support facilities and
the launch sites, indicating that incoming mis-
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siles and associated equipment will go directly
to the launch sites from the rail-to-road trans-
fer point.
Site support facilities at Type IIIC sites
apparently will be much more limited than at
comparable hard sites at the older complexes.
In general they are being constructed concur-
rently with the launch facility and consist of
2 to 5 rectangular buildings approximately 150
by 50 feet (Figure 10). At the older complexes,
site support facilities are much larger, contain-
ing an administration and housing section, as
well as what appears to be a technical support
section (Figure 11).
Previous assessments of the 18 older
complexes have shown that no meaningful esti-
mate of the total number of launch sites in-
tended for a given complex can be made based
on the size of the complex support facility. In
most cases, if not all, the size of the complex
support facility appears out of proportion to the
relatively small number of sites deployed.
Therefore, we do not believe it feasible to esti-
mate the total number of sites that the new
complexes will contain based on the size of
the support facilities.
DEVELOPMENTS AT DEPLOYED TYPE IIIC COMPLEXES
of the Aleysk Complex. All 6 launch sites are
in a midstage of construction, although snow
cover precludes detailed interpretation. Aprob-
able control bunker (Figure 12) is under con-
struction at Launch Site C(3). Excellent coverage
of the complex support facility was obtained on
thel photography (Figure 13). This
facility now contains approximately 115 buildings
in the administration and housing area, l9build-
ings in the railhead and storage area, and 7
buildings, including a 505- by 80-foot structure,
in an area of unidentified activity 3,200 feet
southeast of the railhead and storage area.
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The Dombarovskiy Complex is covered by
good quality photography on
Launch Sites A(4) through D(1)
remain in a midstage of construction, while
Launch Site E(6) remains in an early stage. A
probable control facility is under construction
at Launch Site B(3), approximately 250 feet
east of the silo excavation. The security fence
at this site encompasses an area large enough
to accommodate an interferometer of the type
identified at Launch Site G7(18) and Launch
Complex 1(14) at Tyuratam.
1 11 d
(Figure 14) confirmed
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All launch sites are in a mi stage o con-
struction and a probable control bunker is under
construction at Launch Site D(4). The fence at
this site is also of the size and configuration
required to accommodate an interferometer.
Coverage of the Kartaly Complex on Mission
Launch Sites B(2) and C(3) and revealed newly
identified Launch Sites D(4), E(5), and F(6).
All 6 sites are in a midstage of construction.
Launch Site D(4), located 12.7 nm south-south-
west of the complex support facility, can be
negated in
and was first visible in
0
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Launch Site E(5), located 11.8 nm west-
southwest of the complex support facility, can
be negated in I land was
first observed in
Launch Site F(6), located 10 nm west-
northwest of the complex support facility, can
be negated in and was
first seen later the same month on
Further coverage
(showed apossible
control bunker under construction at Launch
Site A(1). A schematic layout of this complex is
shown in Figure 15.
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The Uzhur Complex is covered by good
25X1 quality stereo photography on
All 6 sites are in a midstage
of construction and, at Launch Site B(2), a con-
trol bunker and L-shaped guidance facility
(interferometer) are under construction (Figure
4). The segments of the guidance facility meet
at an approximate right angle at an excavation
which will probably contain the control facility.
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Each segment of the interferometer is approxi-
mately 1,350 feet long. Ground scarring, prob-
ably cable ditches, extends from Launch Site
B(2) toward Launch Sites A(1), C(3), E(5), and
25X1 F(6). provided
no new developments at Launch Sites A(1)
through F(6), but revealed 2 possible new
sites, designated possible sites G(7) and H(8),
apparently in a very early stage of construction.
Both areas of activity can be negated in
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Coverage of the Zhangiz-Tobe Complex on
(Figure 16) 25X1
revealed a new launch site, designated Launch
Site F(6), in an early stage of construction.
Construction activity at this site can be negated
on IThe other
5
sites at e complex remain in a midstage of
construction. A probable control facility is
under construction at Launch Site A(1). An
updated schematic layout of the complex is
shown in Figure 17.
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RAIL EMBANKMENT
(CONSTRUCTION ABANDONED)
TO
COMPLEX SUPPORT
annow Blacktopped road
Improved road
Fence
Earth mound
Excavation
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GROUND SCAR
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Paved road
Blacktopped road
Graded road on fill
Probable cable ditch
Hillock
Unidentified structure
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ROAD AND RAIL
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LAUNCH SITE A3
Railroad
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Improved road
Fence
Probable cable ditch
?!~! Earth-mounded structure
Excavation
Earth mound
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Probable cable ditch
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PROBABLE CONTROL
BUNKER U/C
FIGURE 12. PROBABLE CONTROL BUNKER UNDER CONSTRUCTION, LAUNCH SITE C(3), ALEYSK ICBM COMPLEX.
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Type IIID Sites
GENERAL
We have identified a total of 60 confirmed,
probable, and possible launch sites of this con-
figuration in early-to-late construction stages
at 1 new (Tatishchevo) and 3 of the original 18
ICBM complexes (Drovyanaya, Gladkaya, and
Olovyannaya). The latter 3 complexes were
all associated previously with the SS-7 missile
system.
Earliest construction of the Type IIID site
configuration began at the new Tatishchevo
Complex about Additional de-
25X1 ployment of this configuration followed at
~Olovvannaya and Gladkaya beginning about
25X1 lul and at Drovyanaya about a month later.
The rail-served Tatishchevo Complex con-
sists of a complex support facility and a rail-
to-road transfer point in addition to the launch
sites. Construction of the complex support fa-
cility apparently began concurrently with that
of the first launch sites. At the older complexes,
the Type IIID sites are supported by the original
complex support facility and rail- to-road trans -
fer point, although additional support facilities
have been added.
DEPLOYMENT PATTERN
The Type IIID sites appear to be deployed
in launch groups of 10 silos each. The Tati-
shchevo and Olovyannaya Complexes each cur-
rently contain 2 launch groups; the Drovyanaya
and Gladkaya Complexes each contain 1 launch
group. Although we are not yet certain, it ap-
pears that control of each launch group will be
exercised from a central facility co-located
with 1 of the 10 launch sites. The site contain-
ing the control facility is in the center of a
generally circular configuration, with the sepa-
ration distance between adjacent launch sites
ranging from 2.5 to 4 miles. Interconnecting
cabling is evident between the sites in each
launch group, and we expect that at complexes
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where more than 1 group is deployed, launch
control centers will be interconnected to pro-
vide maximum flexibility in the event that 1
control center and/or guidance facility is ren-
dered inoperative.
photography provides a fairly
clear picture of the Type IIID construction
program within a launch group. In general, all
10 launch silos and the control and support
facilities are begun concurrently over a 3-
month period. Ditches for interconnecting
cables between the launch sites can also be
identified early in the construction program.
In the 2 instances where second launch groups
have been initiated at 1 complex, a 5-month
interval separates the start of the last silo in
the first group and the start of the first silo in
the second.
SITE CONFIGURATION
Construction of the silo begins with the
preparation of a small, irregular, shallow ex-
cavation. Coring for the silo is then accom-
plished. The silo structure itself is circular,
with an outer diameter of approximately 35 feet.
The inner diameter of the silo is extremely dif-
ficult to measure on available photography, but
ranges from We have been unable
to identify any fueling or equipment facilities
in the vicinity of the launch sites, although we
cannot exclude the possibility that additional
structures are present.
The probable control facility at each launch
group consists of an underground structure lo-
cated 400 to 600 feet from its adjacent launch
silo. The size and configuration of the security
fences at these sites, and their association with
Launch Site K3(20) at Tyuratam, indicate that
an L-shaped electronic facility will be con-
structed with a control building at its apex. An
artist's concept of the central site at a Type
IIID launch group is shown in Figure 18.
The most advanced Type IIID silo at Tati-
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shchevo is in a late stage of construction, with
backfilling apparently completed and a possible
silo cover in place adjacent to the silo. Con-
siderable work remains to be accomplished at
the control facility, however. At Olovyannaya
Launch Group D, 4 silos appear to be backfilled.
These silos are covered, but we are unable to
determine whether these are silo covers or
merely protective coverings.
TYURATAM PROTOTYPE
We believe that the prototype for deployed
Type IIID sites, which was discovered recently
within a previously identified secured area con-
taining an L-shaped interferometer, is Launch
Site K3(20) at Tyuratam. A line drawing and an
artist's concept of this site are shown in Fig-
ures 19 and 20. The site can be negated in
and was in a late stage of con-
It consists of a
single silo, circular in structure and apparently
identical to the deployed Type IIID sites. It has
an underground control facility located at the
apex of the L-shaped interferometer. The con-
trol facility was backfilled when observed in
25X1 Recent coverage, however, in-
dicates that the backfill has since been removed.
We also believe that Launch Site G8/G9(19)
at Tyuratam may employ the same missile
system as Launch Site K3(20). This site has
been under construction during the same period
as Launch Site K3(20), and each of its silos
appears to be identical to those at Launch Site
K3(20) and the Type IIID sites at deployed com-
plexes (Figure 21). There is no guidance facil-
ity present at Launch Site G8/G9(19), and the
overall site configuration differs in some re-
spects from the others. We can neither confirm
nor deny cabling connecting Launch Sites G8/
G9(19) and K3(20).
CONSTRUCTION TIMING
Since it appears that Type IIID sites will
be deployed in groups of 10, we estimate that
they will become operational in groups, although
we do not exclude the possibility that fewer
than 10 silos could have a somewhat earlier
emergency capability.
The earliest Type IIID sites at deployed
complexes have been under construction for
less than a year and the "brick and mortar"
phase of construction appears to be nearing
completion. We believe that approximately 1
year is required for this phase of construction.
We have noted that the 10 silos within each
launch group are begun generally over a 3-month
period, and probably require approximately 15
months for all to be completed. Adding a rea-
sonable period for installation and checkout of
equipment, the majority of the DWG believe that
it will take a minimum of 18 to 21 months for
each group to reach an operational status. One
member believes that a minimum of 21 to 24
months construction time will be required for
each group to be completed.
The following list depicts the majority
estimate of starting dates for identified launch
groups within each complex*. Estimatedopera-
tional dates are included in Table 2 and are
based on an 18- to 21-month construction period,
beginning with the start of the first site in each
group.
Drovyanaya
Launch Group G(7-16)
Gladkaya
Launch Group F(7-13)
Olovyannaya
Launch Group D(4-13)
Launch Group E(14-23)
Tatishchevo
Launch Group A(1-11)
Launch Group B(12-21)
'Estimated starting dates represent the majority view
the DWG membership and may not correspond precisely
individual assessments by each member.
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LOGISTIC SUPPORT
Logistic support facilities at Tatishchevo,
the only new complex identified with deployment
of Type IIID sites, consist of a complex support
facility and a rail-to-road transfer point (Figure
22). Both are still under construction and are
therefore difficult to assess. In addition, it ap-
pears that the site support facility at nearby
Bolshaya Kamenka, an abandoned probable IRBM
site, is being utilized to support the construction
effort at this complex. New construction at the
Tatishchevo complex support facility appears
somewhat less than that at the Type IIIC com-
plex support facilities, but this may be mis-
leading since it borders on, and may incorporate,
an older facility of some size. The rail-to-road
transfer point is in an early stage of construc-
tion and its final configuration is not yet ap-
parent. Like similar facilities at other com-
plexes, it is located between the complex sup-
port facility and the launch groups, indicating
that missile components and associated equip-
ment will move directly from the transfer
point to the launch groups.
At the older complexes at which Type IIID
site deployment has been identified, some sup-
port is probably being furnished from the estab-
lished complex support facility and original
rail-to-road transfer point. In addition, certain
new construction appears related to deployment
of the new single silos. At the Olovyannaya
Complex, there has been a significant buildup
of the auxiliary support facility near the older
Launch Site C(3), and west of and between
Launch Groups D(4-13) and E(14-23). Five
large buildings have also been added to the rail-
to-road transfer point since the summer of
= At the Gladkaya Complex, there has been
an increase of facilities at the administration
and housing area 8 nm northwest of the complex
support facility, in an area adjacent to Launch
Group F(7-13). This addition consists of 8 large
barracks-type buildings and 20 other structures
of various sizes. At the Drovyanaya Complex,
14 new barracks-type buildings have beenadded
to the housing area north of the complex sup-
port facility and across the road from a sup-
port-type facility. Three large rectangular
buildings and a large T-shaped building have
been added to this support-type area since
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Only 1 support facility has been identified
at each of the deployed launch groups. It is at
the launch site containing the control/support
facility. coverage of Launch Site D7(6) 25
at the Olovyannaya Complex in 25X1
shows this facility to consist of 2 adjacent
areas. One area contains 7 barracks-type
buildings, and the other a possible underground
structure and a number of small buildings, 1 of
which appears to be earth-mounded. There is
no evidence of support facilities at the other
9 launch sites in each group.
We are unable to determine, from a study
of logistic facilities, the ultimate number of
launch groups which can be supported at the
Tatishchevo or older complexes.
DEVELOPMENTS AT DEPLOYED TYPE 1110 COMPLEXES
Olovyannaya Complex
Coverage of single-silo launch sites at the
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Olovyannay
a Complex on
provides exceHent High
photography of the Type HID configuration and
deployment pattern, and serves as the basis
for most of the judgments which we have
made in this revision concerning this deploy-
ment program.
Launch Group D(4-13), previously identi-
fied, consists of 10 confirmed launch sites,
designated D1(4) through D10(13). Launch
Sites D1(4) through D6(10) are arranged in a
ring around Launch Site D7(6); Launch Sites
D8(12), D9(13), and D10(11) form a segment of
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an outer ring on the northeast periphery of the
primary ring. The orientation and approximate
distances between sites are depicted in Figure
23.
The launch sites in Launch Group D(4-13)
are generally alike and the differences ob-
served can be attributed to varying construction
stages (Figure 24). Each site has a level access
to the silo, consisting of combinations of earth
cut or fill depending on the nature of the local
terrain. Most of these accesses form either a
T or an L configuration, with the silo in the ap-
proximate center of one of the segments. The
segment containing the silo, in each instance,
is oriented on an azimuth of approximately 020
degrees. The silos are circular and have an
inside diameter of approximately The
outside diameter of the circular silo structures
is approximately 35 feet. A small square, ap-
proximately 10 feet on a side, extends from
the northwest side of several of the silos. One
small building is associated with each site. The
buildings are in various stages of construction
but are all similar and will probably be alike
when completed. Each building is approximately
85 by 35 feet and has an extension approximately
25 by 10 feet protruding from one end. A small
shallow excavation is visible near each building.
Launch Site D7(6), the center site, is
identical to the other sites in Launch Group D,
except for the presence of probable control/
support facilities (Figure 24). The site is en-
closed by a generally triangular security fence
of a size and orientation compatible with an
L-shaped electronic facility of the type observed
at Launch Site K3(20) at Tyuratam. It also has
an excavation at the approximate position where
the segments of an L would intersect. No other
site in the group has a triangular fence or one
large enough to accommodate an L-shaped
electronic facility. However, security fencing
has not been identified at every launch site in
0OM16-9
the group, and it is possible that an additional
control facility may be provided later in the
construction program. Launch Site D7(6) also
has associated support buildings which are not
evident at the other 9 sites.
Probable cable ditches connect adjoining
sites in Launch Group D (4-13). Although some of
the ditching has been backfilled, most of it is still
open. The ditches terminate near the launch
sites, but connections to the silos are not yet
visible. In most instances the cable ditches
appear to be aligned so that the connection will
be made on the northwest side of the silo.
Launch Group D(4-13), begun about F_
D
is generally in a midstage of construction.
However, Launch Sites D1(4), D7(6), D8(12), and
D10(11) are backfilled and have a low square
or slightly rectangular cover over the silo,
probably an environmental shelter rather than
a silo cover. These 4 sites are probably in a
late construction stage.
Launch Group E(14-23), newly identified on
sites range from an early stage of construction
at Possible Sites E8(21), E9(22), and E10(23)
to a midstage at the other 7 sites. All are
generally alike and the differences ob-
served can be attributed to varying stages of
construction,. The evidence indicates that Launch
Group E(14-?23), shown in Figure 25, will be
similar in all respects to Launch Group D(4-13).
The centrally located Launch Site E(17) is the
only one with support facilities and a fence large
enough to accomodate an L-shaped electronic
facility. Fencelines have not been identified
at all sites in the group, however, and the
possibility of an additional electronic or control
facility cannot be ruled out.
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Launch Sites E1(17), E2(14), E3(15), E4(16),
E5(19), E6, and E7(20) have the characteristic
earth fill or cut which provides a level access
to the silo. The silos are located along one
segment of a modified T- or L-shaped config-
uration; in each case the segment containing
the silo is oriented on an azimuth of approxi-
mately 020 degrees, as is the case at Launch
Group D(4-13). Possible Launch Sites E8(21),
E9(22), and E10(23) do not as yet have firm
signatures, but the characteristic excavations,
ground scarring, and general appearance, re-
inforced by timing and location, indicate that
they are launch sites in a very early construc-
tion stage. A schematic layout of Launch
Group E (14-23) is shown in Figure 26.
Cable ditching is not yet apparent between
the sites at Launch Group E (14-23), nor can
we identify cable connections between Launch
Groups D and E. We expect both to be dis-
cernible on future photography.
Tatishchevo Complex
The Tatishchevo Complex, newly identified
consists
of a complex support facility, a rail-to-road
transfer point, and 2 launch groups, designated
A(1-11) and B(12-21). Each launch group
contains 10 silos in the circular configuration
previously identified at Olovyannaya. In ad-
dition, 3 areas of unidentified activity west of
Launch Group B(12-21) lead us to suspect that
a third launch group may be in a very early
stage of construction.
Launch Group A(1-11) can be negated on
and con-
silos probably began
shortly thereafter (Figure 27). Launch Site
Al(1) is the center site and appears similar to
Launch Sites D7(6) and E1(17) at Olovyannaya.
This site (Figure 28) is probably further ad-
vanced than any identified to date, with a loop
road pattern evident and a possible cover in
place adjacent to the silo. A probable control
facility is under construction in an excavation
several hundred feet north of the silo, but the
segments of the interferometer are not yet
visible. Cable ditching radiates from this site
toward the others in the group.
Launch Group B(12-21), in
struction stage, can be negated on
by
All 10 sites were under construction
Drovyanaya Complex
Continuing review of
I I revealed a probable Type IIID
launch group, designated Launch GroupG(7-16),
under construction at the Drovyanaya Complex
(Figure 30).
This group of sites can be negated
that the sites are in a midstage of construction.
Gladkaya Complex
A group of 9 single-silo sites and a suspect
tenth site is newly identified on
at the Gladkaya Complex (Fig-
ure 31). This group, designated Launch Group
F(7-13), can be negated on
silos in the group were begun in and
that all were underway by II The center
site, Launch Site F1(7), is the only launch
facility to have reached a midstage of construc-
tion. Cable scars radiate from this site to the
others in the group.
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Perm Complex
A possible Type IIID single-silo launch
group, designated Possible Launch Group G, is
25X1 identified on at
the Perm Complex (Figure 32). The group cur-
rently consists of 6 possible launch sites and
2 areas of suspect activity. Possible cable
302 ,Q916-9
ditching connects several of the areas of activ-
ity, all of which are spaced from 2.5 to 4 nm
apart. Negation dates for the 6 launch sites
range from
We believe, however, that if this is a Type
IIID launch group, it was begun during late
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Associated Missile Systems
We have examined all available evidence in
an attempt to determine specifically the missile
systems associated with the 2 types of single-
silo configurations identified at Tyuratam and
currently under construction at deployed sites.
Our analysis included detailed study of both
types of sites at the rangehead and in the field,
assessment of the flight test programs of the
SS-9 and SS-10, examination of new launch
facilities (other than single- silo types) at Tyura-
tam, and the time relationship between flight
test programs and site construction. The re-
sult of this analysis shows that present evidence
is insufficient to permit a definite assignment
of missile systems to single silos.
PACE AND EXTENT OF ICBM DEPLOYMENT
It is apparent that the Soviets have designed
their single-silo deployment program to in-
crease significantly the total number of opera-
tional ICBM launchers and reduce site vulner-
ability through dispersion and hardening. It is
still too early to determine whether the Soviets
intend to increase the credibility of their de-
terrent force by the addition of a significant,
but relatively limited, number of launchers in
a comparatively short period of time; whether
the rate and pace of new construction noted in
will continue for the next several years;
or whether the single-silo deployment program
is designed to eventually match the US in
numbers. This judgment cannot be made with
any degree of confidence until we can identify
the missile systems to be deployed in single
silos, determine with greater confidence the
number currently under construction, and ob-
serve the rate of construction starts subsequent
to completion of the silos begun during_
Succeeding paragraphs present our analysis of
existing evidence relating to the pace and ex-
tent of the single-silo deployment program.
Construction of all of the nearly 100 iden-
tified launchers which are currently under con-
struction at deployed complexes (including 4
probable soft pads at Plesetsk) was probably
initiated during calendar year 0 and there
are probably other sites begun prior to
which have not yet been detected. The nearly
100 identified construction starts exceed by
some 10 launchers the previous high total for
a single year achieved
In terms of sustained construction activity,
the total of almost 100 launchers concurrently
under construction does not approach the pre-
vious high of 140 launchers achieved in mid-
This could be significant in light of the
gap in site construction starts which occurred
during the last several months of =and the
obvious availability of construction crews and
equipment from halted ICBM, IRBM, and
MRBM programs. Furthermore, construction
activity in the field is proceeding at a sustained
but deliberate pace, particularly at the Type
IIIC complexes.
In summary, while the current ICBM de-
ployment program is characterized by a launcher
deployment rate somewhat higher than that of
previous years, it appears to be less than a
maximum effort and is progressing at a sus-
tained but deliberate pace. We expect that
construction of new sites at identified com-
plexes will continue and that additional com-
plexes will be constructed to accommodate
deployment of third and possibly fourth genera-
tion missile systems.
STATUS OF OLDER SYSTEMS
General
In light of the significant deployment of
single-silo configurations at both old and new
ICBM complexes, we have examined sites as-
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sociated with first and second generation ICBM
systems for evidence of change or modification
which might indicate a change in operational
status. In particular, we searched for evidence
that sites employing older systems are being
deactivated or modified to accept newer mis-
siles currently under development. A summary
of our findings is presented in succeeding
paragraphs.
SS-6 Sites
The SS-6 missile continues to be deployed
at only 4 launchers at the Plesetsk Complex.
These sites are active and there is no evidence
of construction activity which might indicate
replacement of the SS-6 system at this complex
with a follow-on system.
We cannot identify any ICBM system cur-
rently operational or under flight test which
might be compatible with SS-6 launch facilities.
If retrofit were intended for these launchers,
we would expect to see such retrofit preceded
by firing of the new system from SS-6 facilities
at Tyuratam. No such firings have been de-
tected. We expect, however, that the SS-6
system will be phased out of the inventory when
a more sophisticated system with equivalent or
greater payload capacity becomes operational.
SS-1 Sites
CURRENT STATUS
Construction starts for SS-7 soft and hard
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more, 1 soft site and 4 hard sites, ranging in
construction status from early to midstage,
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One hard site, Yedrovo Launch Site H(9), be-
longed to the original group of 15 Type IIIA
sites begun prior to Begun about
I I this site was abandoned about
fter having reached a mid-
stage of construction. The other 3 abandoned
hard sites, Gladkaya Launch Sites C(4) and
E(6) and Kostroma Launch Site H(8), belong
to the second group of 12 Type IIIA sites begun
during the period All
3 were abandoned early in concurrent
with the initiation of construction of the first
single-silo sites. Construction of the abandoned
Launch Site G(7) at Teykovo, a Type IID soft
site, ceased in fallhile the site was
in a very early construction stage.
We have still been unable to detect any
significant difference between the first and
second groups of Type IIIA hard sites deployed
in the field. Seven of the 9 sites remaining in
the second group of 12 have
instead of from 0.5 to 1.5 nm from the launch
facility, as is the case of all other sites in the
2 groups. This feature, however, is probably
related to improved handling procedures rather
than a new or modified missile system.
In previous revisions we have surmised
that the second group of Type IIIA hard sites
may be intended for the SS-9 rather than the
SS-7. We based this postulation primarily on
test range evidence associating Launch Site
D2(9) at Tyuratam with the SS-9 missile system,
since we could see no significant external dif-
ferences between the 2 groups of Type IIIA sites
in the field, or between Launch Sites Dl(4) and
D2(9) at the rangehead. We had expected that
the L-shaped guidance facility associated with
Launch Site D2(9) at Tyuratam would also ap-
pear in the field. To date, we have been able
to identify a possible electronic facility at only
1 site, Launch Site B(2) at Olovyannaya. This
suspect area consists of an L-shaped ground
scar approximately 1,700 by 1,300 feet, located
to the rear of the launch site (Figure 33). It
can be negated in 1 ::1 No construc-
tion activity is visible in the scarred area, and
we cannot confirm or deny its association with
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guidance at this time. We are particularly re-
luctant to make an early judgment in this re-
spect for 2 reasons: similar scars cannot be
identified at any of the other 8 sites in this
category; and an L-shaped ground scar has
existed for some time at Launch Site B(2) at
Shadrinsk (Figure 34), an early Type IIIA site
begun late band completed about
0
We do not believe that the scar at
Shadrinsk is related to a ground-based guidance
facility.
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hard sites are not provided a ground-based
guidance facility, the obvious conclusion is that
the associated missile system utilizes all-
inertial guidance. The SS-7 missile utilizes
an all-inertial guidance scheme and no guidance
facilities have been observed at sites firmly
associated with this system. While flight tests
of the newer SS-9 missile indicate that it uses
a radio-guidance link, we believe that it, like
the SS-7, can be flown in an all-inertial mode
without the requirement for a ground-based
guidance link. In summary, while we are un-
able to determine firmly whether the later
group of Type IIIA sites is for the SS-9, we
believe that this is the most likely possibility.
Total deployment of site configurations
identified with the SS-7 missile system con-
sists of 64 soft sites (128 launchers) and 23
hard sites (69 silos) distributed among 15
complexes. All are currently operational. The
later group of 9 Type IIIA hard sites was con-
structed in from 17 to 20 months, a significant
decrease in construction time over the first
group of 14, which required an average of 22
to 24 months to build.
RETROFIT
We can find no evidence that SS-7 sites
are being modified to accept a new missile
system. There is no evidence that I
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lat some
early soft sites are being replaced with facil-
ities identical to those associated with later
versions. We believe that this change is re-
lated to retrofit of early SS-7 warheads/nose-
cones with later variations.
We believe, however, that the SS-9 missile
can be accommodated in launch facilities at
deployed complexes currently associated with
the SS-7. A variety of evidence indicates that
the SS-9 has been fired from SS-7 facilities at
Tyuratam. We cannot determine, however, the
extent of modifications required to permit
compatibility of the 2 systems.
The best photographic evidence that SS-7
sites were being retrofitted for the SS-9 would
be the construction of ground-based guidance
facilities similar to the L's at Launch Sites
D2(9) and H(8) at Tyuratam. No evidence of
such facilities can be identified on available
photography. However, we cannot exclude the
possibility that the SS-9 will be deployed in
an all-inertial mode with no requirement for
ground-based guidance.
We believe that our chances of detecting
retrofit of the SS-9 missile at Type IIA and IIB
soft sites would be better than at the later
Type III) version, or at the Type IIIA hard
sites. We base this belief on the fact that the
SS-9 utilizes nitrogen tetroxide as an oxidizer.
N204 is temperature-sensitive and requires
storage facilities offering environmental pro-
tection. We have firm evidence that Type
IIA and IIB soft sites, unlike the other 2 de-
ployment configurations, utilize mobile pro-
pellant-loading equipment. Thus we would
expect to see installation of fuel storage fa-
cilities in the immediate launch pad area in
conjunction with any retrofit program.
We believe that Type IID soft sites and
Type IIIA hard sites can be retrofitted for an
SS-9 employing all-inertial guidance without
detection based on outward change or modifica-
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tion of site facilities. Such modification did
take place at Launch Site C(3) and Dl(4)
at Tyuratam without photographic evidence of
change.
While we recognize the possibility that
some SS-7 launchers may be retrofitted with
the SS-9, we do not expect to see such a pro-
gram occur at an early date. We base this
judgment on the continued utility of the SS-7
system against many ICBM targets, the rel-
atively large number of these missiles esti-
mated to be in the inventory, and the apparent
intent of the Soviets to accomplish a signifi-
cant increase in the total number of operational
launchers.
SS-8 Sites
CURRENT STATUS
Construction starts for SS-8 sites, both
soft and hard, ceased in the summer
Four soft and 2 hard sites, all in early stages
of construction, were abandoned and the Gladkaya
Complex was converted to the SS-7 system
beginning in The SS-8 system
is currently deployed in 7 soft and 3 hard sites
at 4 complexes in the USSR. The 23 launchers
associated with this system are all operational.
RETROFIT
We can detect no activity at deployed SS-8
sites indicative of retrofit with a newer system.
As is the case for the SS-6, we would expect
retrofit of SS-8 test facilities and firings of
the new system from these launchers Tyuratam
to precede changes at deployed sites. There
is evidence that a rail spur is being con-
structed to service Launch Site E(6) at Tyuratam.
It is too early to determine, however, whether
rail service to this facility is associated with
a new missile system. In any event, no firings of
missiles other than the SS-8 have been detected
from Launch Sites E(6) and F(5) at the test
center.
There is no evidence that the SS-10 has
been fired from facilities other than Launch
Site G1/G2(7) at Tyuratam, nor do we know
the missile size or characteristics with any
degree of confidence. Therefore we cannot
determine the possibility of employment of this
system at existing SS-8 sites.
However, we believe that SS-8 missiles
at deployed sites may be phased out during the
next several years, because maintenance of the
few sites deployed will become less desirable
as more sophisticated missile systems become
operational.
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FIGURE 34. L-SHAPED GROUND SCAR, LAUNCH SITE B(2), SHADRINSK ICBM C LLX. 25X1
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TYURATAM MISSILE TEST CENTER
Test Range Facilities
Tyuratam is covered by poor- to-fair quality
Highlight of this coverage is
discovery of Launch Site K3(20), a Type
IIID single silo located near the previously
identified interferometer at Complex K(13).
No significant change is visible at the 3
launch sites at Launch Complex A. A line
drawing of Launch Site A3(15) is depicted in
Figure 5.
No significant change has occurred at
Launch Site B1(2). At Launch Site B2(16),
no change in the silo can be discerned (Fig-
ure 6), but a 150- foot-long building has been
constructed near the terminus of a road first
the
At Launch Site B3(17), a dome-like object
approximately 50 feet in diameter is located
in the center of the pad. No other change is
identified on
apparent at this facility since
An artist's concept of Launch
Site B3(17) is shown in Figure 35.
No apparent changes in facilities can be
discerned at Launch Complexes C(3), D(4),
E(6), and F(5) since our last revision.
No change or significant activity is ap-
parent at Launch Site G1/G2(7). An artist's
concept of this launch facility is shown in
there is a vehicle on the pad near
the gantry and 2 vehicles, each about 45 feet
in length, are in front of the earth-mounded
building on the right side of the center road.
A line drawing and an artist's concept of this
launch facility are shown in Figures 38 and
39. Construction continues at Launch Site
G7(18), shown in Figure 8. The silo extends
upward from the base of the excavation but
is probably not up to ground level. The
ditching is still open along the segments of
the L-shaped electronic facility and the prob-
able control bunker near the vertex of the
L has not yet been backfilled. At Launch
Site G8/G9(19), shows activity
at both aprons surrounding the silos, and both
silos may be open. The site apparently remains
in a late stage of construction. An artist's
concept of this launch facility is shown in
Figure 21.
No apparent activity or change in facilities
is visible at Launch Complex H(8) since our
last revision.
construction at the single-silo launch site is
continuing at Launch Complex 1(14), but dark-
ness precludes detailed interpretation. A line
drawing of this site is depicted in Figure 7.
Launch Complex J is covered on
I I This pho
shows a rail car approximately 100 feet long
on the rail spur serving Pad G4 at Launch
Site G3/G4(11). In addition, there are 4 rail
cars, each approximately 40 feet long, on the
rail spur leading east of Pad G4. An artist's
concept of the site is shown in Figure 37.
Figure 36.
both show the single gantry at Launch Site
G5/G6(12) on Pad G6. The quality of the
photography precludes a determination of wheth-_
25X1 er or not a missile is in the gantry.
tography
(Figure 4,0) shows that the focal point of activ-
ity is the large excavation first visible on
0 Qb fb016-9
The excava-
tion is 2.9 nm north-northwest of Launch Site
A1(1) and is the first firm indication of the
location of a future launch position. The
excavation is now hexagonal in shape with 2
earth cuts leading into the pit. There appear
to be at least 3 levels within the excavation,
but the bottom is obscured by darkness. The
distance across the lowest level measures
approximately 260 feet. Construction continues
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on the massive 800- by 615-foot building
east of the support facility. The low section,
approximately 230 feet wide, is now completely
roofed and roofing has started on the higher
section. The rail embankment parallel to the
main road has been extended to the point where
the road curves toward the large excavation.
I land com-
parative review of previous coverage of Launch
Complex K(13) revealed a newly identified sin-
gle silo in a late stage of construction within
the secured area containing the L-shaped elec-
tronic facility. This silo and its associated
interferometer have been designated Launch
Site K3(20). The silo can first be identified
under construction onl
imagery and construction techniques appear
the same as the silos at Launch Site G8/G9
(19), but the site signature is not the same.
It closely resembles the center sites at Type
IIID launch groups at the Tatishchevo and
Olovyannaya Complexes. A line drawing and
an artist's concept of this launch facility are
shown in Figures 19 and 20. Construction
continues at Launch Sites Kl and K2(13), which
are depicted in Figure 9. Both silos extend
upward from the base of their respective
excavations, but neither appears to be up to
ground level. Both have ramps extending across
the excavations to the silos. Back-filling
is not apparent and ditching, first identified
and re-
ported in our 16th Revision, is visible leading
from these sites to Launch Site G7(18).
Test Range Activity
operations were noted at the Tyuratam Missile
Test Range. n SS-7 missile
was launched tote Kamchatka Impact Area, and
on 30 January an SS-9 was fired 7,000 nm to a
preannounced extended impact area in the Cen-
tral Pacific. In addition, on an SS-9
missile experienced an early in-flight failure
during an operation involving the extended-range
Pacific Impact Area. Canceled ICBM operations
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Road
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