LOADING AZIMUTHS AND SITE ORIENTATIONS, SOVIET ICBM SITES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05161A000200010064-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 26, 2003
• Sequence Number: 64
• Publication Date: September 1, 1965
• Content Type: IR

M~GERY
ALYSIS
HI ISION
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LOADONG AZ~M~1~` '94lk T?
OR 11 ENTATf ONS, SO I1 ET - CBM SOLES
Declass Review by NIMA/DOD
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CIA/PIR 61027
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DATE Sep 1965
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PAGES 16
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LOADING AZIMUTHS AND SITE ORIENTATIONS
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SOVIET ICBM SITES
CIA PIR- 1027
Detailed analysis of II photography of Soviet ICBM Launch Sites
has revealed a definite relationship between the site loading azimuth and
site orientation as determined by the azimuth to estimated targets for the
launch sites.
For this report the following definitions were used in determining
these azimuths and orientations:
1. Loading Azimuth - The azimuth along which the missile
transporter is placed immediately prior to missile erection or placement
of a missile into a silo. For soft sites this is the azimuth of the long
axis of the elongated launch pad of the straight road or rail leading to
the pad. For silo launch sites it is the azimuth of the short road segment
or hardstand upon which the missile transporter is placed in order to lower
the missile into the silo.
2. Estimated Direction of Launch - A sector 40 degrees in width,
emanating from the launch point within which lies the continental United
States. An exception to this is found at two sites apparently oriented
towards Australia.
3. Site Orientation - The azimuth of a readily identifiable
feature at the launch site or an associated electronics facility that is
consistently constructed so as to fall within the sector defined by the
estimated direction of launch. The features used to determine the site
orientations of the various type sites are as follows:
(a) Type IA - A perpendicular to the long axis of the site
guidance facility.
(b) Types IIA, IIB, IID, and IIID - The azimuth of the
long axis of the launch pad and/or the access road serving the pad or silo.
(At these sites the site orientation is identical to the loading azimuth).
Exceptions to this are found at the soft sites at the Kostroma, Teykovo,
and Yedrovo complexes where it is necessary to launch on an azimuth 4+5
degrees clockwise from the loading azimuth in order to reach the United
States.
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(c) Type IIC, IIIB, and IIIC - The azimuth of the leg of
the associated interferometer that falls within the sector of the estimated
direction of launch. This site orientation can also be defined as an azi-
muth 45 degrees clockwise from the loading azimuth for the Type IIC and IIIC
sites and 90 degrees counter clockwise from the loading azimuth of the Type
IIIB sites.
(d) Type IIIA Sites - A perpendicular to a line drawn
through the three silos or an azimuth the same as the loading axis de-
pending upon which of these orients the site towards the United States.
Two unexplained exceptions to this definition have been identified, one
at Kostroma E and the other at Plesetsk C. In both cases it is necessary
to launch on an azimuth 45 degrees clockwise from a perpendicular to a
line drawn through the three silos.
Table 1 is a listing of loading azimuths, site orientations, and es-
timated direction of launch. Azimuths are considered accurate to plus a,
minus 5 degrees. Analysis of this table reveals the following pertinent
facts:
Site orientation as defined in this report is towards the United
States at all sites except two Type IIIA sites (Drovyannaya B and
Svobodnyy G) which appear to be oriented towards Australia.
Of the twenty-three deployed Type IIIA sites, sixteen sites launch
parallel to the loading axis of the site, three have a 60 degree difference
between the loading azimuth and the site orientation, two have a 45 degree
difference, and two have a 105 degree difference. At the Tyuratam Missile
Test Center the Type IIIA sites at Complex D are also different with D-1
having a 60 degree difference between the loading azimuth and the site
orientation and D-2 having a 45 degree difference.
The sixty-four deployed soft Type IIA, IIB, and IID sites for the
SS-7/9 missile systems have site orientations parallel to the loading azi-
muth except for the eighteen sites at three complexes: Kostroma, Teykovo,
and Yedrovo. It is interesting to note that these are the three western-
most ICBM complexes in the USSR.
It was not possible, at this time, to determine site orientations for
the Type IIID sites at the Gladkaya Complex due to a lack of suitable
coverage.
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At Tyuratam Launch Group L, eight of the ten sites have a loading
azimuth and site orientation of 000 degrees. Site L-2 has a loading azi-
muth of 320 degrees and Site L-3 280 degrees. There is no readily appar-
ent reason for these variations on azimuths.
It should be noted that all Type IIIC and IIID site orientations within
the same complex have been estimated to be identical as determined by the
azimuth of the associated interferometer.
Plesetsk G and H, the only Type IB launch areas identified to date,
have not been included in the tabulation as no meaningful site orientation
has been arrived at. It is estimated that the loading azimuth for these sites
will be approximately 355 degrees.
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Launch
Loading
Site Estimated
Complex Area
Type
Azimuth
Orientation Direction of Launch
Aleysk ALL
IIIC
310
355
340-020
Dombarovskiy ALL
IIIC
305
350
330-010
Drovyannaya A
IIB
020
020
005-045
Drovyannaya B
ILIA
115
175*
005-045
Drovyannaya C
IID
020
020
005-o45
Drovyannaya D
IID
020
020
005-045
Drovyannaya E
ILIA
345
030
005-045
Drovyannaya F
ILIA
345
030
005-045
Drovyannaya Groups G-H
IIID
015
015
005-045
Gladkaya A
IID
005
005
350-030
Gladkaya B
IID
005
005
350-030
Gladkaya D
ILIA
305
005
350-030
Gladkaya Group - F
IIID
Unknown
Unknown
350-030
Imeni Gastello ALL
IIIC
305
350
330-010
Itatka A
IIB
010
010
340-020
Itatka B
IIB
010
010
340-020
Itatka C
IID
010
010
340-020
Kartaly ALL
IIIC
295
340
325-005
Kostroma A
IIB
295
340
310-350
Kostroma B
IIB
295
340
310-350
Kostroma C
IIB
295
340
310-350
Kostroma D
IIB
295
340
310-350
Kostroma E
IIIA
235
340
310-350
Kostroma F
IID
295
340
310-350
Kostroma G
IID
295
340
310-350
Kozelsk A
IIC
305
350
310-350
Kozelsk B
IIC
305
350
310-350
Kozelsk D
IIC
305
350
310-350
Kozelsk E
IIIB
080
350
310-350
Kozelsk F
IIIB
080
350
310-350
Novosibirsk A
IIB
005
005
340-020
Novosibirsk B
IIIA
005
005
340-020
Novosibirsk C
IIIA
005
005
340-020
Novosibirsk D
IID
005
005
340-020
Novosibirsk E
IID
005
005
340-020
Olovyannaya A
IIIA
000
000
000-040
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Launch
Area
Type
Loading
Azimuth
Site
Orientation
Estimated
Direction of Launch
Olovyannaya
B
IIIA
000
000
000-040
Olovyannaya
C
IIIA
000
000
000-040
Olovyannaya
Groups D-F
IIID
020
020
000-040
Omsk
A
IIIB
070
340
335-015
Perm
A
IIB
315
315
315-005
Perm
B
IIB
315
315
315-005
Perm
C
IIB
315
315
315-005
Perm
D
IID
315
315
315-005
Perm
E
IID
315
315
315-005
Perm
F
IIIA
315
315
315-005
Perm
Group G
IIID
320
320
315-005
Plesetsk
1
IA
298
330
310-350
Plesetsk
2
IA.
356
330
310-350
Plesetsk
3
IA
o06
330
310-350
Plesetsk
4
IA
295
330
310-350
Plesetsk
A
IIA
330
330
310-350
Plesetsk
B
IIB
330
330
310-350
Plesetsk
C
IIIA
235
340
310-350
Plesetsk
D
IIC
2b5
310
310-350
Plesetsk
E
IIC
265
310
310-350
Shadrinsk
A
IIIA
000
000
325-005
Shadrinsk
B
IIIA
000
000
325-005
Shadrinsk
C
IIIA
000
000
325-005
Svobodnyy
A
IIB
030
030
015-055
Svobodnyy
B
IIB
030
030
015-055
Svobodnyy
C
IIB
030
030
015-055
Svobodnyy
D
IID
030
030
015-055
Svobodnyy
E
IID
030
030
015-055
Svobodnyy
F
IID
030
030
015-055
Svobodnyy
G
IIIA
120
180*
015-055
Svobodnyy
H
IID
030
030
015-055
Tatishchevo
Groups A-C
IIID
320
320
315-355
Teykovo
A
IIB
295
340
310-350
Teykovo
B
IIB
295
340
310-350
Teykovo
C
IIB
295
340
310-350
Teykovo
D
IID
295
340
310-350
Teykovo
E
IID
295
340
310-350
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Complex
Teykovo
Tyumen
Tyunen
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Tyuratam
Uzhur
Verkbnaya Salda
Verkhnaya Salda
Verkhnaya Salda
Verkbnaya Salda
Verkhnaya Salda
Verkbnaya Salda
Verkhnaya Salda
Verkhnaya Salda
Verkhnaya Salda
Yedrovo
Yedrovo
Yedrovo
Yedrovo
Yedrovo
Yedrovo
Yedrovo
Yedrovo
Yoshkar Ola
Launch Loading Site Estimated
Area Type Azimuth Orientation Direction of Launch
F IID 295
A IIC 295
C IIC 295
340 310-350
340 330-010
340 330-010
035-045 (to Kamchatka
area) 330-010 (to
U. S.)
D-1 ILIA 335 035
D-2 ILIA 350 035
C IIB, IID 000 045
E HC 080 035
F IIIB 075 345
A-2 IIIC 000 045
B-3 IIIC 000 045
I IIIC 000 045
K-1-2 IIIC 000 045
G-7 IIIC 000 045
K-3 IIID o45 o45
Group L IIID 000** 000**
All IIIC 325 010 345-025
A IIB 345 345 325-005
B IIA 345 345 325-005
C IIA 345 345 325-005
D IIB 345 345 325-005
E IIB 345 345 325-005
F ILIA 345 345 325-005
G ILIA 345 345 325-005
H IID 345 345 325-005
I IID 345 345 325-005
A IIB 290 335 305-345
B IIB 290 335 305-345
C IID 290 335 305-345
D IID 290 335 305-345
E ILIA 330 330 305-345
F IID 290 335 305-345
G IID 290 335 305-345
I ILIA 330 330 305-345
A IIB 335 335 320-000
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Launch
Loading
Site
Estimated
Complex
Area
Type
Azimuth
Orientation
Direction of Launch
Yoshkar Ola
B
IIB
335
335
320-000
Yoshkar Ola
C
IIB
335
335
320-000
Yoshkar Ola
D
IID
335
335
320-000
Yoshkar Ola
E
IID
335
335
320-000
Yoshkar Ola
F
IID
335
335
320-000
Yurya
A
IIA
340
340
320-000
Yurya
B
IIA
340
340
320-000
Yurya
C
IIB
340
340
320-000
Yurya
D
IIB
340
340
320-000
Yurya
E
IIIA
320
320
320-000
Yurya
F
ITB
340
340
320-000
Yurya
G
IIIA
320
320
320-000
Yurya
H
IID
340
340
320-000
Yurya
I
IID
340
340
320-000
Yurya
J
IID
340
340
320-000
Yurya
K
IIIA
320
320
320-000
Zhangiz Tobe
ALL
IIIC
295
340
340-020
Oriented towards Australia
L-2 is 320 degrees, L-3 is 280 degrees
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CIA PIR- 1027
RAIL SERVED ICBM LAUNCH SITE
TYPE IA
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site orientation
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loading azimuth
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ROAD SERVED SOFT ICBM LAUNCH SITE
TYPE IIA
loading azimuth and
site orientation
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ROAD SERVED SOFT ICBM LAUNCH SITE
TYPE IIB
loading azimuth and
site orientation
( 20 sites )
site orientation
(9sites)
3
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loading azimuth
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ROAD SERVED SOFT ICBM LAUNCH SITE
TYPE I I D
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loading azimuth and
site orientation
( 21 sites )
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HARDENED ICBM LAUNCH SITE
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loading azimuth
site orientation `
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 Approved For Release 2003/08/05 : CIA
TOP SECRET
HARDENED ICBM LAUNCH SITE
TYPE IIIB
site orientation
loading azimuth
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HARDENED ICBM LAUNCH SITE
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loading azimuth
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HARDENED ICBM LAUNCH SITE
TYPE I I I D
loading azimuth and
site orientation
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