STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE STORAGE SYSTEM IN COMMUNIST CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 7, 2003
• Sequence Number: 34
• Publication Date: May 1, 1966
• Content Type: IR

Approve or e ease
`TOP s-z--pc-
PMCDITCD?RaPH
HVN11
?Mia r.NPICD1U
00010034-6
7
RATEGC PETROLEUM RESERVE S ORME SYS-EM
COVMUNOT CII
Declass Review by NIMA/DOD
AGERY
ALYSIS
!SION
GROUP I
TOP SECRET PAGES 38
CI /F IR 65133
25
25
25
DA TE MAY 1966
COP
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25
25X1 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
RECORD
COPY
COPY NO. IPUB. DATE 1
LOCATION
MASTER
DATE RECEIVED
LOCATION
D I W1901-bliklrfEelk6lease 2004/05/05 :
,IgtiRDP78T0
1 MAtto600pi 0034-
MAXIMUM
A
CUT TO
COPIES 0
DATE
7/72
CUT TO
COPIES
DATE
COPIES DESTROYED
CUT TO
COPIES
DATE
CUT TO
COPIES
DATE
CUT TO
COPIES
DATE
MASTER
DATE
DATE
NUMBER OF COPIES
DATE
NUMBER OF COPIES
MO.
DAY
YR.
RECEIVED OR ISSUED
RECO
ISS'D
BAL
NO.
DAY
YR.
RECEIVED OR ISSUED
RECD
ISS'D
BAL
9
5
68
Dist. Unit #33-37.
8
8
41-43
JO
LS
6S
A/P /& 46- 33.
J
7
k
,f
69
NP1C p 3 il
i
4
g
'971
E.4.71 41L".6---,37-, #17-2
0
id
ie
6-
Aberoved rer Release
2004/e5/05
:
CIA%RDP78T051C1A000000010034-6
TITLE NPIC
SEC. CLASS.
LOCATION
Approve
d For ReleatORKSECNBT:
CIA-RDP78T05161A00r00010034-6
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE STORAGE SYSTEM IN
CHINA
The development of an extensive petroleum reserve storage system,
begun by Communist China in the late 1950's, is continuing. This storage
system is now considered to be composed of a minimum of twenty six sites
(Figure 1).
These installations are of an unusual configuration for POL storage,
and have many similar components. Although some sites lack one or more
of the typical features, most installations have the following character-
istics:
1. They are remotely located, with no major urban areas nearby,
and are often situated in hilly or mountainous terrain.
2. All installations, except the Ning-erh site, are rail served.
The spur, often 2-3 miles in length, has been constructed especially
to serve each site and no other installation. Road transportation
routes are available to all the sites.
3. The principal storage tanks at these installations vary
in number from four at Heng-yang to nearly forty at Yuan-ping-chen.
Many of the sites have twenty tanks. These tanks are dispersed in
a random pattern, apparently taking advantage of the protection
afforded by Inatural terrain features when possible. Photographic
coverage over several sites during the various phases of construction
has revealed several characteristics of the tanks:
a. A portion of each tank is below the surface in a
previously prepared excavation.
b. An outer shell, approximately two feet thick,
constructed in at least two separate layers, surrounds
each tank.
c. Each tank is covered with a dome shaped structure.
Vents and other openings extend to the surface.
d. Openings near the base are present on many of the
tanks, possibly for access during construction. Pipeline
connections appear to be at this level.
e. As a final step, the structures are earth covered,
leaving vent openings and entrances at the surface.
Approved
00010034-6
25
25
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
1. CHIEH- HS IU
2 CHU- CHOU
3. CHUEH- SHAN
4 . FAN- CHANG
5. HSIN- PAO-AN
6. Huo-LU
7. KANG- CHUANG
8. LIU- LIN
9. PAI SHIH-TU
( TANG- TSUN ; PING- SHI H )
10. SHAO-WU *
II. TA-JUNG- CHIANG
( HS ING-AN )
12. TE- PO - SSU
( - PU- S SU- KUO -MIAO )
13. TUNG-HSIANG
14 . TUNG-SHAN
( FU- S HUN )
15. WU-WEI
16. YANG -KAO
17. YANG-LIN
18. YEN- SHIH
19. YUNG - FU
?SiN
'tt?,0).
Zhika%e
t MANA. 7??? ,0"PONA
Nov,
?
Sr
20 CHU- CHIA-KAN
( LTJNG- CHIANG )
21. FU- CHOU
22. BENG-YANG
23. KAI-YUAN
2. NING-ERH
25. YUAN-PING- CHEN
26. YUNG-AN
Irk
0,00
ULAN
BATOR
Hwholla
WING
Yin-oh'u
Ka.erh
'ang
C/2
C0
rn
?4
'OSlO?
U 44
cc,
1E
R PORTED IN QA/PIR
10 9
Din
AktAT
d
onrnd by the US.
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
EN MB MN MO NMI MN as MI MN Mil an INN NIB MN NUM EMI 1111111 INN
1
1
Approved
For ReleasTepOSEERETCIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
f. Tank construction has typically been at elevations
higher than the railhead, possibly allowing gravity draining
in case of a failure in the pumping system.
Accurate measurements of these tanks are difficult to
obtain. Many of the sites were complete and the tanks earth
covered when first observed. However, measurements of tanks
at installations under construction, and of the probable
outer limits of the earth covered tanks has indicated diameters
from near fifty feet to a maximum of approximately eighty feet.
Where tanks have been observed under construction, a maximum
wall height of approximately forty feet has been obtained.
Smaller buried tanks, both horizontal and vertical,
are present at many of these installations.
4. A well developed railhead facility composed of two or
three sidings is usually present. Piperacks for loading and
unloading tank cars are adjacent to the sidings, and are generally
capable of handling twenty or more tank cars
at a time. One and sometimes two pumphouses are noted near the
railheads. Surface traces of buried pipelines and open trenches
at sites under construction are apparent, running from the pump-
house to the semi-buried tanks.
5. Extensive support areas at these installations, include:
warehouses, small probable shops, above ground vertical and lay-
down tanks or drums, and associated administration and barracks
areas.
The installations presently included in this storage system are
shown on the general locator map of China (Figure 1). The nineteen
sites reported in CIA/PIR-65054 of October 1965 include:
NAME
COORDINATES
Chieh-hsiu
Chu-chou
Chueh-shan
36 59N - 111 55E
27 49N - 113 13E
32 47N - 114 017
Fan- chang
31 04N - 118 07E
Hsin-pao-an
40 27N - 115 217
Huo-lu
38 03N - 114 1(h
Kang-chuang
40 19N - 115 54E
Liu-lin
31 58N - 114 06E
Pad-shih-tu (Ping-shih)
25 25N - 113 04E
(Tang-tsun)
Sha o-wu
27 26N - 117 2(E
Ta-jung-chiang (Hsing-an)
25 35N - 110 32E
-2-
Approved For ReleTONCERCRESP
: CIA-RDP78T0516'
A00060
0010034-6
25
25
25
25
25
Approve
dForReleasforttattICIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
_Kit{ - 0)1jj
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
NAME
Te-po-ssu (Te-pu-ssu-kuo-miao)
Tung-hsiang
Tung- shan (FU-shun)
Wu-wei
Yang-kao
Yang-lin
Yen-shih
Yung-fu
COORDINATES
46 27N - 121 18E
28 10N - 116 38E
41 58N - 124 32E
37 59N - 102 30E
4o 20N - 113 41E
25 14N - 103 06E
34 44N - 112 55E
24 49N - 110 00E
Seven additional sites are now considered as parts of this system.
*Chu-chia-kan (Lung-chiang) 47 27N - 123 01E
Fu-chou 28 01N - 116 16E
*Heng-yang 26 44N - 112 43E
Kai-yuan 23 39N - 103 20E
*Ning-erh 23 CON - 101 04E
*Yung-an 25 59N - 117 24E
Yuan-ping-chen 38 44N - 112 39E
*These sites, in addition to the nineteen on the above list were discussed
in DIA report, SAO/AP-1-630-1-7-65, Communist China's Developing Strategic
Petroleum Storage Reserve System, November 1965. Also included in the
above 'report was a site near Hsiang-yun at 25 28N - 100 41E. We are not
presently including this installation within the Reserve Storage System,
because of its probable functioli as a POL storage area for the nearby
Yun-nan-1 Airfield.
The following discussion describes the changes and activity of the
seven additional sites:
Chu-chia-kan (Mongolian Military District) (Figures 2-4, Table 1)
This installation is located on a rail spur off the Harbin/Nien-tzu-
shan Rail Line. Ten large storage tanks are located approximately one
nautical mile north of the railhead and other support facilities at
this location. Construction appears to have\ been substantially completed
at this site when covered ir Only minor changes, and these
in the support areas, had occurred by The estimated
capacity at this facility is 40,000 metric tons.**
**All measurements have been made by the NPIC Technical Intelligence Division,
with the exception of the storage tank diameters at the Heng-yang, Yung-an,
and Ha-mi sites. These. measurements were made by the CIA/IAD project analyst.
Approved For ReleaTOROMMT:
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Kai-yuan (Kun-ming Military District) (Figures 10-11)
This installation is located near the Kun-ming/Hanoi Rail Line,
approximately seventy five nautical miles northwest of the North Vietnam/
China border. It was first noted on photography of I Fxamaion 25
of earlier coverage, reveals that construction had started by 25
coverage, the railhead and other facilities, including
six large and five small emi-buried tanks are undei" construction. Approxi-
mately fifty warehouse, construction support, and barrack-type buildings are
located in this vicinity. In the present stage of construction, the final
storage capacity at this site cannot be accurately estimated.
Approve
d For Relealed9OtLDekt ?
t T
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
L111 -
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
They should be considered as approximate and must not be taken as official
NPIC mensuration data. The considered accuracy of the NPIC/TID mensuration
data for each site is stated in the text where appropriate and on the Tables
accompanying the graphics. Capacities of tanks at all sites were estimated
on the basis of a constant height-diameter ratio, using the measured diameters.
The conversion to metric tons was based on a volume of 6.3 barrels per
metric ton of petroleum products.
FU-chou (Foochow Military District) (Figures 5-6)
This small storage site, less than twenty nautical miles from the
older Tung-hsiang installation, is under construction along a branch line
which extends to a mining area from the Shanghai/Chu-chou Rail Line. '
Construction at this location started after When noted
in I the installation appeared to be nearing completion. Four
tanks have been earth covered, and the remaining two are under construction.
The railhead and other support areas are nearing completion. The diameter
of the storage tanks was (+ 10 ft.). Assuming the final
number of tanks is six, the estimated capacity at this location is 10,000
metric tons.
Heng-yang (Canton Military District) (Figures 7-9, Table 2)
Only four large buried tanks are present at this location on a rail-
spur off the Heng-yang/Shao-kuan Rail Line. However, at least two groups
of buried horizontal tanks and many small laydown tanks were observed, on
all coverage, in the extensive support areas. This installation was complete
and operational when observed on coverage from and no significant 25
changes in facilities have occurred between that date and 25
The estimated capacity is 12,000 metric tons.
Approved For Releasierfp0A40e4Prr
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X1
d For Releamptittgr IA-RDP78T05161A)0060
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
0010034-6
Ning-erh (Kun-ming Military District) (Figures 12-14, Table 3)
This is the only installation, considered as part of this petroleum
storage system, which is not rail served. Five large semi-buried vertical
tanks and two groups of probable buried horizontal tanks were observed.
Several small above ground tanks have been noted in the support area.
Construction was in progress at this location in on both the
storage and support areas. Byl he installation appeared
complete. No significant changes nave neen noted since that date, through
The estimated capacity is 10,000 metric tons.
Yung-an (FU-chou Military District) (Figures 15-17, Table 4)
This installation, the oldest in the group, is served by a rail spur
running east from Yung-an, coming off the north-south rail line through
this area. In construction of an outer protective shell
around two of the five large vertical storage tanks, in place several
years, was in progress. Two areas of fresh ground scarring indicated a
recent emplacement of buried horizontal tanks. By work was
nearly complete on the project of doming and earth covering the five
No further changes had taken place in the storage areas
The railhead and support facilities have remained
basically unchanged since 1963. The storage capacity at this site is
extimated to be 10,000 metric tons.
vertical tanks.
Yuan-ping-chen (Peiping Military District) (Figures 18-21)
The layout at this site, located approximately thirty nautical miles
north of Tai-yuan, on a railspur off the line running to Ta-tung, represents
a considerable departure from that noted at the other sites. However, the
large volume of storage present at this relatively isolated location
suggests that it is of the same general type. Approximately thirty
nine tanks, diameters were
constructed below the surrace level, and the entire storage area was
then earth covered. Also, the facilities in the railhead area appear to
be partially concealed. Without comparative coverage during the
construction at this site, identification of the installation as a
petroleum storage facility would have been impossible. When observed in
tank excavations and a barracks area were present and
construction was in progress on the tanks, support facilities, and the
the tank area was being earth covered and
ring completion. The installation
coverage. Total storage capacity
be 50,000 metric tons.
rail spur. In
other construction app
appears operational on
at this site is estimate
Approved For RelearepOSEekeT:
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
4
Approved
or ReleaTOPORK5RIET
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
fit{ - 0)1Jj
Ha-Mi (Sinkiang Military District) (Figures 22-23)
A POL storage area, somewhat similar in appearance to the Regional
Storage Installations is located in the outskirts of Ha-mi (42 47N -
93 35E) in the Sinkiang province. Since the storage capacity of the
twenty two large tanks, estimated by the IAD project analyst to be
70,000 metric tons, appears excessive for use solely by the nearby
airfield (Ha-mi 2), to which it is apparently connected by pipeline,
it is suggested that the installation may at least partially fulfill
the function of a Reserve Storage Site. This site is served by a rail
spur coming off the line which runs northwest from Lan-chou and terminates
near Urumchi.
No photographic correlation between these installations and consumers
has been possible. However, because of the high construction cost for
this type of petroleum product storage, the general remoteness of these
locations from immediate users, and their great similarity in engineering
design, it is obvious that these installations occupy a high priority
in national planning and are for regional or national storage, rather
than being local distribution depots.
Approved For ReleaCIPOMEREET
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25
25
25
25
25X1 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
1
1
1
X1
Appro
ved For ReleaTOW9E@RET
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
MAPS AND CHARTS
Locator Map, Communist China, 26906, 10-59 (UNCLASSIFIED)
Chu-chia-kan
ACIC. USAF Pilotage Chart - Low Altitude, Chi-chi-ha-erh, China,
PCL 283A, Scale 1:500,000, 1st classified edition,
February 1961 (CONFIDENTIAL)
FU-chou
ACIC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, ?Sheet 493-22 HL, Scale
1:200,000, 3rd edition, February 1964 (SECRET)
Heng-yang
ACIC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet 497-1OHL, Scale
1:200,000, 3rd edition, October 1964 (SECRET)
Kai -yuan
ACIC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet 0616-2HL, Scale
1:200,000, 3rd edition, September 1965 (SECRET
Ning-erh
ACIC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet 616-6AL, Scale
1:200,000, 1st edition, May 1960 (CONFIDENTIAL)
Yung-an
ACIC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet )-I-98-14HL, Scale
1:200,000, 2nd edition, April 1963 (SECRET)
Yuan-ping-chan
Ha -mi
ACIC. World Aeronautical Chart, Sheet 382, Scale 1:1,000,000,
5th classified edition, July 1953 (CONFIDENTIAL)
ACIC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet M0331-7HL, Scale
1:200,000, 2nd edition, January 1965 (SECRET)
Approved For ReleaMOUERET:
CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approv
REPORTS
ed Fr Releaianacni
('.IA-RnP7RTn5iR1 Ann 600010034-6
CIA IMAGERY ANALYSIS DIVISION
- O_Ljj
1. CIA/PIR 61037, Regional Liquid Storage Installations in Communist
China, October 1965 (TOP SECRET
2. DIA Special Report, SAO/AP-1-630-1-7-65 INT, Communist China's
Developing Strate
1965 (TOP SECRET
Storage Reserve System,
November
3 CIA/PIR 65054, Regional Petroleum Storage Installations in Communist
China, November 1965 (SECRET
REQUIREMENT
C-1RR5-83,200
CIA/IAD PROJECT
3o614-6
Approved For ReleaTIV005MF51. CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25
25
25
25
25X
25X
-RDP78T05161A000000010034-6
REGIONAL PETROLEUM STORAGE
INSTALLATION
CHU-CHIA-KAN, CHINA
47 27N - 123 OIE
_4'
0,proved For Release 20 CI
,04/0 054A.-FibP78,105
594
SALE 1:500,000
P CET
5X1 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
P78T05161A000600010034-6
3.
51104
10EZ2Cal3
II-
5
TOP SECRET'
25X1
11
FIGURE 4
ppr ved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA?RI 78T05161A000600010034-6
TOP SECRET
LEGEHO
I Railroad
fiI
Road
Fence
k Building
Mound
25X1
25X1
25X5 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
A000600010034-6
25X5 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25X1
25X1
r
-
*-. 'fr.".? ' . ,,t
.. _,.
? ,
'A
25X1-
25X1
25X1 :ti
1111/111,1101111.11
t.
ILApproved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-
TOP SECRET
FIGURE 9
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
TOP SECRET
27
041'4.4'
LEGEND
?I?I? Railroad
Road
Trail
Fence
Building
Mound
25X1
25X1
25X5 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
REGIONAL PETROLEUM STORA
I NSTALLAT ION
KA I -YUAN, CHINA
2339N 103 20E
25X
25X
251X ow'
225_20TOP SECRET
12'
,? 15'
P7:1051 1A00
PIP - 65133
Figure 12
r-\
sin
r
T'ou-c fan
r j
nng?erh
/4
..,,,,,,. ?
_ t 1,
?`,... W
W
0 --
-
23?
00'
(..500?
,,Ta-ching
r
\w
eri
, . .
ck?
N
) c,"
6630
-
-huang. ' en
)Zj \ --,
c' \......... ?.....--... 1
.?--
?',, k '?',,,)
00 ? ( (
000
_ (Sebing.men4'ou
t
-
e-
.?) ? .?,?
,
?
; ran-lu-c2:1?,/
-
;?)
\ (?,
;-?;
5000 .
(z,
I tI1I
45' -
_.
) SCALE 1:200,000
04. TOP SECRET
=MI
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A0006
25X1
25X1
25X1
5X1 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
REGIONAL PETROLEUM STORAGE
INSTALLATION
N1 NG-ERH, CHINA
23 OON - 101 04E
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
34.
TOP SECRET
LEGEND
Road
Building
Mound
36
FIGURE 14
4 3
37:.>
H3E1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X5 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25X1
25XT
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
REGIONAL PEFROLEUM ORA,
INSTALLATION
_---
YUNG=A
2559N II
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
TOP SECRET'
27
25X1
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
TOP SECRET
LEGEND
Railroad
Road
Building
Mound
PIR 65133
FIGURE 17
25X1
25X1
25X5 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
8TQ51
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25X1
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25X5 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25X1
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
25X1 Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/05 : CIA-RDP78T05161A000600010034-6