POLISH EARLY WARNING RADAR DEVELOPMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05162A000500010014-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2011
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: June 1, 1977
• Content Type: REPORT

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Top Secret
PHOTOGRAPHIC
I NTERPRETATION
REPORT
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION CENTER
POLISH EARLY WARNING RADAR
DEVELOPMENTS
Ton Secret
JUNE 1977
Copy 13 3 25X1
PIR-013/77
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Warning Notice
Sensitive Intelligence Sources and Methods Involved
(WNINTEL)
NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions
DISSEMINATION CONTROL ABBREVIATIONS
NOFORN- Not Releasable to Foreign Nationals
NOCONTRACT- Not Releasable to Contractors or
Contractor/Consultants
PROPIN- Caution-Proprietary Information Involved
USIBONLY- USIB Departments Only
ORCON- Dissemination and Extraction of Information
Controlled by Originator
REL This Information has been Authorized for
Release to .. .
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Top Secret RUFF
POLISH EARLY WARNING RADAR DEVELOPMENTS
ABSTRACT
1. This report discusses the two known Polish radar equipment production plants, the facility
where the equipment is tested, the types of Polish early warning (EW) radar equipment, and the
hardening of EW and ground control intercept radar sites. This report is current through the infor-
mation cutoff date of 15 April 1977.
INTRODUCTION
Production Plants and Test Facility
2. The Polish radar industry began in 1953 with the building of the Warszawa Radar Works
It has since been expanded to include Zielonka Electronic Equipment Plant 25X1
proximately 5 nautical miles (nm) northeast of T1. A radar test facility, 25X1
arszawa Unidentified Installation Nadma is also in the Warsaw area. Most of 25X1
the design, development, production, and test work for radar systems is done at these three
facilities.
Equipment
3. To date, the Poles have built and deployed three truck-mounted EW radars. The BILL
FOLD was developed in the late 1950s; this development was superseded by the FARM GATE
radar in 1968. In 1974 the JAW GATE became operational. All of these EW radars have been moun-
ted on Czechoslovakian-built TATRA trucks.
4. A height finder radar is usually deployed with each EW radar. The height finders were
developed in the same period as the EW radars. The NYSA-B height finder is usually deployed with
the BILL FOLD. The GATE POLE/FARM GATE has superseded the NYSA-B/BILL FOLD pair.
A height finder, which may have been designed to accompany the JAW GATE, was seen at the TI
factory in early 1973,
Early Warning/Ground Control Intercept Radar Site Hardening Program
5. Since about 1971 the Poles have constructed bunkers to house equipment at 36 EW/ground
control intercept (GCI) radar sites (Figure 1). Thirteen of these sites have three bunkers, nine sites
have a single bunker with entrances at both ends, and 14 sites have a single bunker that is open on
one side. The development of new equipment and the hardening of the radar sites indicate a con-
t inuing program of improvement of Polish air defense capabilities.
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Production Plants and Test Facility
6. Warszawa Radar Works Ti is one of the main production plants for radar systems. A
detailed study of the number of pieces of and types of equipment produced and maintained cannot
be made from the available photography; however, numerous van trucks and possible radar-
associated vehicles have occasionally been parked in the open.
8. The radar systems are tested at the Warszawa Unidentified Installation Nadma (Figure 4).
This installation is in a wooded area approximately 8.5 nm northeast of Warsaw. A masonry radar
test tower and two clutter screens used to reduce interference dur-
ing antenna testing are prominent features at this facility. The JAW GATE antenna, which was
mounted on the test tower,
(Continued p. 7)
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Top Secret RUFF
Table 1. Polish Hardened Radar Sites
Name BE No Coordinates
POMERANIAN MILITARY DISTRICT
Three-Bunker Sites
Wladyslawowo 54-47-30N 018-23-OOE
Slupsk 54-25-43N 017-06-25E
Krepcewo 53-16-50N 015-04-OOE
Brojce/Pruszcz 53-57-35N 015-18-OOE
Chojnice 53-39-23N 017-31-48E
Blotnica
Leznica Wielka
Gniewino
Drobin
Powidz
Kamien Pomorskie
Szczecin
Bydgoszcz
Chrusciel
Zegrze Pomorskie
Chwiran
Three-Bunker Sites
Lask
Krosno Odrzanskie
Poznan Krezesiny
Wroclaw Strachowice
Radzionkow
Ligota Dolna
Kotla
Boleszkowice
One-Bunker Sites (Type
Ziebice
Dluzyna Dolna
Mechnacz
Ostrow Wielkopolski
Drzensko
Three-Bunker Sites
Lipowiec
Sandomierz
Warsaw/Bornerowo
Rzeszow
Slawno
Okuniew
Bialobrzegi
54-06-51 N 015-31-28E
51-57-55N 019-10-02E
54-42-05N 018-01-51E
52-46-40N 019-48-45E
52-25-OON 017-50-10E
53-57-57N 014-40-03E
53-21-19N 014-25-20E
53-09-40N 018-05-10E
54-16-17N 019-49-31 E
54-02-30N 016-24-30E
53-14-25N 016-26-20E
51-37-05N 019-08-20E
52-01-OON 015-06-OOE
52-18-20N 016-55-40E
51-03-15N 016-52-16E
50-25-20N 018-53-20E
50-28-24N 018-13-05E
51-45-30N 016-02-OOE
52-43-58N 014-35-10E
50-35-OON 017-05-05E
51-14-OON 015-10-05E
52-33-11N 016-01-40E
51-39-59N 017-46-19E
52-23-20N 014-46-30E
53-28-25N 021-08-18E
50-42-53N 021-40-51 E
52-15-42N 020-52-21E
51-23-30N 020-07-18E
52-16-30N 021-20-OOE
51-40-40N 020-53-40E
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Top Secret RUFF
Equipment
BILL FOLD and NYSA-B
9. The BILL FOLD was the first Polish EW radar screen to be truck mounted. Figure 5 shows
the radar screen mounted on the TATRA-111, which is usually seen with a canvas-covered, double-
axle antenna/equipment trailer. The antenna is approximately 6.0 meters wide and 4.0 meters
high.'
10. The NYSA-B antenna is approximately 6.0 meters high nd is moun- 25X1
ted on a carriage-type van trailer (Figure 6).' The NYSA-B height finder and the BILL FOLD
(Figure 7) were developed in the same timeframe and are usually deployed together. A van truck
with a small, rectangular, and raised section at the rear of the van body roof is the tow vehicle for
the NYSA-B.
FARM GATE and GATE POLE
11. The FARM GATE, which is usually mounted on the TATRA-138, was developed about
ten years after the BILL FOLD (Figure 8). The antenna is approximately 9.0 meters wide and 3.0
meters high. A double-axle trailer used for antenna and equipment storage is usually attached to or
in the vicinity of the FARM GATE.
The GATE POLE (Figure 9) is usually seen with the FARM GATE. The GATE POLE is
12
.
similar to the NYSA-B but is slightly larger. The antenna is approximately 8.0 meters high
25X1
. One of the obvious differences between the GATE POLE and the NYSA-B is the an-
25X1
tenna supports. The support arms on the GATE POLE cause the antenna to be separated slightly
from the body of the trailer. In contrast, the NYSA-B antenna attachment point is on the van body
itself'.
13. The truck that tows the GATE POLE has a raised, rectangular section on the roof of the
van (Figure 10). The truck that tows the NYSA-B also has a raised section but it is farther back on
t he roof'.
JAW GATE
14. The JAW GATE system is the latest development in Polish air warning radar equipment
(Figure 11). The antenna is mounted on the TATRA-148 chassis.' The system includes an antenna
truck, two support van trucks, and two double-axle generator trailers. The number of antenna/e-
quipment, trailers for the system has not been determined.
15. The JAW GATE antenna truck has a van body with a two-level roof. Two different an-
tennas have been mounted on this truck. One of them is a large screen approximately 17.0 meters
wide and 4.0 meters high; the other, seen at Malbork Airfield GCI Radar Site, is a probable FARM
GATE. What effect switching antennas has on the capabilities of the system cannot be determined
from photography.
Numbers of Radars in Poland
16. According to the EUCOM electronic order of battle, the Poles have the following numbers
of their own radars.'
HILL FOLD
Confirmed
22
Prob
7
Tenuous
5
Total
34
NYSA-B
11
5
11
27
FARM GATE
29
10
8
47
GATE POLE
34
8
4
46
.JAW GATE
17
3
20
The Poles use their radar equipment for acquisition at SA-2 and SA-3 sites as well as at EW and
GCI sites. The equipment is also used in radio technical (EW) battalions, electronic counter-
measures air defense units, and antiaircraft artillery regiments. Soviet-built radars including TALL
KING, BAR LOCK, LONG TRACK, FLAT FACE, SQUAT EYE, SPOON REST, SIDE NET, and
THIN SKIN are also part of the Polish radar inventory.
Radar Site Hardening Program
17. The construction of bunkers to house equipment at EW and GCI radar sites is an ongoing
program in Poland. Thirty-six sites have been or are in the process of being hardened (Table 1).
There are three basic site patterns: three bunker, single bunker (type A), and single bunker (type
H).
Three-Bunker Type
18. Thirteen radar sites have three bunkers (Figure 12). All of these sites have TALL KING
radars. The center bunker is approximately 51.0 by 21.0 meters and the flanking bunkers are ap-
proximately 30.0 by 21.0 meters. The center bunker has entrances on each of the narrow ends. The
two smaller bunkers have entrances along one of the long sides. These two bunkers have seven in-
dividual vehicle/equipment bays
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19. Four of the sites with three bunkers, Slupsk, Wladyslawowo, Radzionkow, and Bro-
jce/Pruszcz, have a special enclosure designed for a BAR LOCK radar (Figure 13). The enclosure is
Two doors slide to the side when the radar is in the
operational position. A probable elevator mechanism is apparently used to raise and lower the BAR
LOCK.
20. An elevator device for a radar is not unique to these four EW/GCI sites. One of the Polish
SA-3 sites along the Baltic Coast, Dzinow Gorny SAM Site A08-3, has a LOW BLOW that is raised
and lowered in an enclosure.
21. Two of the sites differ slightly from the others. Brojce/Pruszcz and Wladyslawowo sites do
not have the large center bunker (Figure 14). Rather, a large, buried building and a five-bay equip-
ment bunker are in the center of the site. The building has several rooms and was built before the
adjacent equipment bunker. This difference suggests that these sites possibly have additional con-
trol functions. Numerous radars and communications vehicles are also at the Brojce/Pruszcz site.
Single Bunker (Type A)
22. There are nine single-bunker (type A) radar sites (Figure 15). The bunker is approx-
imately 30.0 by 23.0 meters. Entrances to the bunker are at both of the narrow ends. This bunker
style was probably the predecessor to the single-bunker (type B) sites (Figure 16) and is no longer
being constructed.
Single Bunker (Type B)
23. There are 14 radar sites with a five-bay, drive-in equipment bunker (Figure 17). The
bunker is approximately 21.0 meters square. Present trends indicate that more sites will be equip-
ped with this type of bunker.
Summary
24. The development of new Polish EW systems and the radar site hardening program of the
1970s are significant air defense capability improvements. The Poles appear to be making con-
tinuous qualitative and quantitative changes in this area.
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MAPS OR CHARTS
CiA. Base Map, Series 200, Sheet 502799, scale 1;4,700,000
1)O( ' UM ENTS
1. Defense Intelligence Staff. Air Intelligence Quarterly Review, The Development of the Polish Radar lndustrv, Vol 7,
No 7, Spring 74 (SECRET
25X1
25X1
3, United States Army, Europe and Seventh Army. USAREUR PAM 30-60-6, Identification Guide (Electronic Equip-
ment) Warsau: Pact Countries ((1), 6th ed, Vol 1, pp 123-128, 153-155, and 178-183, 30 Sep 72 (CONFIDEN-
TIAL
5. DIA. EDA-1700-2-77, Electronic
Order
of Battle, Eastern Europe (U), Vol 2, Sect VII, pp 2-21, Feb 77
(SECRET
REQUIREMENT
1'rnjecl 1434 70NL
25X1
25X1
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List of Conversion Factors by Classification
MILLIMETERS
0.0394 INCHES KILOGRAMS
2.2046
POUNOS(AVOIR.)
CENTIMETERS
0.3937 INCHES POUNDS)AVOIR.)
0.4536
KILOGRAMS
INCHES
25.4000 MILLIMETERS SHORT TONS
0.9072
METRIC TONS
INCHES
2.5400 CENTIMETERS METRIC TONS
1.1023
SHORT TONS
FEET
0.3048 METERS METRIC TONS
0.9842
LONG TONS
FEET
YARDS
0.0003 KILOMETERS LONG TONS
0.9144 METERS
1.0160
METRIC TONS
METERS
METERS
3.2808 FEET
0.0005 MILES)NAUTICAL)
METERS
1.0936 YARDS
KILOMETERS
KILOMETERS
3280.8400 FEET
0.6214 MILES)STATUTE)
KILOMETERS
0.5400 MILES)NAUTICAL) LITERS
0.2642
GALLONS
MILESISTATUTE)
1.6093 KILOMETERS LITERS
0.0063
BARRELS)POL)
MILES)NAUTICAL)
6076.1154 FEET LITERS
0.0010
CUBIC METERS
MILES(NAUTICAL)
1.8520 KILOMETERS GALLONS
3.7854
LITERS
MILES)NAUTICAL)
18520000 METERS GALLONS
0.1337
CUBIC FEET
GALLONS
0.0238
BARRELS)POL)
GALLONS
0.0038
CUBIC METERS
BUSHELS
0.0352
CUBIC METERS
UNITS OF AREA CUBIC FEET
7.4805
GALLONS
IF YOU HAVE MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN CUBIC FEET
0.1781
BARRELS)POL)
CUBIC FEET
SQUARE CENTIMETERS 0.1550 SQUARE INCHES
0.0283
CUBIC METERS
CUBIC YARDS
SQUARE INCHES 6.4516 SQUARE CENTIMETERS
0.7646
CUBIC METERS
BARRELS)PDL)
SQUARE FEET 0.0929 SQUARE METERS
158.9873
LITERS
BARRELS)POL)
SQUARE YARDS 0.8361 SQUARE METERS
42 0000
GALLONS
BARRELS)PDL)
SQUARE METERS 10.7639 SQUARE FEET
5.6146
CUBIC FEET
BARRELS)POL)
SQUARE METERS 11960 SQUARE YARDS
0.1590
CUBIC METERS
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE METERS 1.0000 CENTARES
1000.0000
LITERS
CUBIC METERS
264.1721
GALLONS
SQUARE METERS 0.0002 ACRES
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE METERS 0.0001 HECTARES
35 3147
CUBIC FEET
CUBIC METERS
ACRES 4046.8564 SQUARE METERS
28.3776
BUSHELS
CUBIC METERS
ACRES 0.4047 HECTARES
6.2898
BARRELS)POL)
CUBIC METERS
HECTARES 10000.0000 SQUARE METERS
1.3080
CUBIC YARDS
HECTARES 24711 ACRES
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