SOVIET SS-16/-20 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS OCTOBER 1976--FEBRUARY 1978 (TSR)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05162A000500010052-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 13, 2012
• Sequence Number: 52
• Publication Date: March 1, 1978
• Content Type: REPORT

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PHOTOGRAPHIC
I NTERPRETATION
REPORT
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION CENTER
SOVIET SS-i6/-20 TRENDS
AND DEVELOPMENTS
OCTOBER 1916--FEBRUARY 1978 (TSR)
o t
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MARCH 1978
Copy 133
PI R-009/78
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Warning Notice
Sensitive Intelligence Sources and Methods Involved
(WNINTEL)
NATIONAL SECURITY :INFORMATION
Unauthorized D sclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions
NOFORN Not Releasable to Foreign Nationals
NOCON I-RACT Not Releasable to Contractors or
Contractor- Consultants
PROPIN Caution -Proprietary Informatiori Involved
USISONIYUSIR De;orrtments Only
ORCON Dissemination and Extraction of h-:`ormation
Controlled by Originator
RE!__ This Inforniat:on has keen Anthonied for
Release to
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Top Secret R U F 25X1
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SOVIET SS-16/-20 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
OCTOBER 1976-FEBRUARY 1978 (TSR)
INTRODUCTION
1. (TSI(_ (This report summarizes significant mobile missile-related construction activity
seen at ten deployed mobile IRBM bases, at two offensive missile test centers, and at an SS-20
production-related facility in the USSR from late October 1976 through mid-February 1978. Some
trends and developments apparent in the construction of the ten deployed mobile bases are also dis-
cussed. This report updates a previous NPIC report and includes two tables, a bar
graph, five annotated photographs, and a location map.
IMAGERY ANALYSIS
Deployed Bases
2. (TSR) Major construction activity related to the deployment of the SS-20 mobile missile
system, which began in late 1975, has been continuing. This activity has included the construction
of six mobile bases at or near dismantled SS-7 ICBM launch sites-three at Drovyanaya and two at
Novosibirsk in the eastern USSR and one in a very early stage of construction at Verkhnaya Salda
in central USSR-and four mobile bases at SS-4 MRBM facilities in the western USSR (Figure 1).
Three of the four bases at the MRBM facilities-Kozhanovichi, Konkovichi, and Postavy-are at
SS-4 regimental launch sites; the fourth, which could also serve as an SS-20 training facility, is ad-
jacent to an existing SS-4 training/barracks area at Mozyr.
3. (TSR) Although the layouts of the ten mobile bases vary, three distinct types of ground
support equipment (GSE) garages are common to all; these are the single-bay, three-bay, and 11-
bay drive-in garages (Table 1). At eight of the mobile bases, construction of the single-bay and
three-bay garages has taken place inside the security fence of an existing SS-4 or SS-7 launch site.
No consistent pattern has been observed in the placement of the 11-bay garages at the deployed
bases.
4. (TSR) In mid-1977, however, a new development was observed when construction of all
three types of garages was started for the first time just outside the existing site security fence at
Mozyr (Figure 2). Although all three types of garages have been secured separately from the adja-
cent existing housing and support area, the construction of new security fences indicates that
previously existing administration/barracks and other support buildings are being incorporated into
the layout of this base. A rail-to-road transfer point (RRTP) has been under construction at the
Mozyr base, which previously lacked a convenient or readily accessible RRTP.
5. (TSR) In late 1977, this construction practice was again observed when foundations for
single- and three-bay garages were seen outside the security fence at a dismantled, three-silo SS-7
launch site in the Drovyanaya ICBM Complex. Two other mobile bases previously identified at this
complex were constructed within existing SS-7 site security fences (Figure 3). It is too early to deter-
mine whether the Soviets will incorporate existing support buildings in the overall layout of the new
base at Drovyanaya. However, based on past construction patterns some, if not all, of the old SS-7
support area could be incorporated as part of this new SS-20 base.
6. (TSR) A trend currently evident at the SS-20 bases is an increase in the number of single-
bay garages from six to nine. This trend will probably reflect an eventual corresponding increase in
the number of SS-20 transporter-erector-launchers (TELs) within each SS-20 launch area. This
trend was first identified when nine single-bay garages were observed at the SS-20 bases at MRBM
facilities in the western USSR.
7. (TSR) Initially the mobile missile bases identified at ICBM complexes contained only six
single-bay garages, with foundations provided during original construction for three additional ga-
rages. It now appears that the trend which was started at Mozyr in the western USSR (Figure 2) will
also extend to the SS-20 bases at the ICBM complexes. This belief is supported by evidence seen at
Novosibirsk IRBM Mobile Base 1 where single-bay garage components are currently onsite for three
additional garages. The six original single-bay garages had been externally completed at this base
by July 1977. Because of the very early stage of construction of the mobile base at Verkhnaya Salda,
the total number of single-bay garages to be constructed there cannot as yet be determined. The in-
crease from six to nine single-bay garages at deployed SS-20 bases may account partly for the in-
crease in the sightings of single-bay garage components at Bryansk Guided Missile Support Equip-
ment Plant II (see Production Facilities).
(Continued p. 4)
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1 Postavy Mobile IRBM Base
2 Kozhanovichi Mobile IRBM Base
3 Konkovichi Mobile IRBM Base
4 Mozyr Mobile IRBM Base/Training Facility
5 Bryansk Guided Missile Support Equip Plant II
6 Plesetsk Missile/Space Test Center SSM
7 Kapustin Yar Missile/Space Test Center SSM
8 Verkhnyaya Saida SSM Launch Position 10
9 Novosibirsk Mobile IRBM Base 1
10 Novosibirsk Mobile IRBM Base 2
11 Drovyanaya Mobile IRBM Base 1
12 Drovyanaya Mobile IRBM Base 2
13 Drovyanaya Mobile IRBM Base 3
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Top Secret R U F
8. (TSR) Another trend in the construction of SS-20 GSE buildings has been identified.
Mobile bases being built at or near SS-4 facilities are receiving three support-type buildings that
have not yet been seen at mobile bases under construction at ICBM complexes (Figure 4). The first
of these buildings has been designated as a technical support building; a covered passageway ex-
tends from it to the second support-type building. The second is a high-bay building with two drive-
in bays, and the third is clerestory, drive-through building. These thi25X1
support-type buildings, along with other smaller buildings, are being constructed in an area adja-
cent to the launch area and are separately secured from both the launch area and the ad-
ministration/barracks areas. At Konkovichi and Kozhanovichi where construction of these three
buildings was in the most advanced stages, the technical support building, the high-bay building,
and a Pen-sided shed are separately secured from the large clerestory building. 25X1
A POL storage area, an 11-bay garage, and other support buildings are in the area with the
clerestory building. Until some type of GSE can be associated with the three support-type
buildings, their specific function will remain unclear.
9. (TSR) These support-type buildings have not been constructed at the six mobile bases be-
ing built at ICBM complexes; the reason for their absence may not be known until all six bases have
been completed.
10. (TSR) Other activity associated with mobile base deployment includes the continuing
construction of miscellaneous support buildings at SS-4 RRTPs. Two enclosed rail-served sheds
have been constructed at the new RRTP that will serve the Mozyr base/training facility (Figure 2).
Sheds and canvas-covered frameworks have been seen over the rail lines at the Konkovichi,
Postavy, and Kozhanovichi RRTPs.
11. (TSR) The small shedlike attachments to the single-bay garages were originally being at-
tached to the single-bay garages at only Drovyanaya and Novosibirsk2 but are currently part of the
construction programs at three of the four bases in the western USSR. Because these structures con-
tain windows and doors only large enough for personnel to enter, it is believed that they could
possibly serve as alert/ready rooms for SS-20 crews. However, this theory does not explain the
various sizes and shapes of these structures.
12. (TSR) The amount of physical security for the launch areas at the mobile bases will be
greater than it was when the original systems occupied these installations. The best illustration of
this increased security can be seen at Drovyanaya Mobile IRBM Base 1 where additional security
fences have been placed around the launch area. At this base, a new four-gate security control
system was installed at the site entrance/exit replacing the single-gate control system used for the
SS-7.
Missile Test Centers
13. (TSR) At Kapustin Yar Missile and Space Test Center (MSTC), construction of SS-20
GSE garages and associated buildings, underway since early 1976, has continued in three major
support areas. In comparing the GSE garages at Kapustin Yar with those seen at the deployed
bases, only the 11-bay garage was observed at both the test center and the SS-20 bases. At Kapustin
Yar there are nine- and six-bay garages (Figure 5) which have not been observed at any of the
deployed bases. However, because of the number of bays and the size similarities, each nine-bay
garage seen at Kapustin Yar could serve a function comparable to that of the three three-bay ga-
rages seen at the deployed SS-20 bases; each six-bay garage could be comparable in function to the
six single-bay garages. Table 2 contains a complete listing of garage types, their locations, and con-
struction status.
14. (TSR) Although construction at all three SS-20 support facilities at Kapustin Yar is in-
complete, SS-20 crew training has apparently not been restricted. Most of the SS-20 GSE vehicular
activity observed has been in four areas-in the motor pool of the bivouac/troop training area where
the major pieces of SS-20 GSE are stored and in three mobile GSE training areas approximately 20
nautical miles north of the SS-20 support facilities. No SS-20 equipment has been observed at
Kapustin Yar Medium Range Test Complex C, Site 2 25X1
This area probably serves as a field support area for SS-20 crews during training exercises.
15. (TSR) Construction was also continuing on a silo in the bivouac/troop training area.
Imagery-derived evidence indicates that the function of this silo is related to some type of command
and control.3 No such silo has been identified at any of the deployed SS-20 bases or other mobile
missile-related facilities.
16. (TSR) At Plesetsk MSTC construction has continued at four launch sites-one SS-8 soft,
two SS-7 soft, and a three-silo SS-7 hard launch site. Footings for at least two possible multibay
garages were seen at launch site 5 Those footings are the first ne25X1
(Continued p. 11)
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Top Secret RUFF
Table 2. Mobile Missile-Associated Garages/Buildings at Soviet Test Centers
This table in its entirety is classified TOP SECRET RUFF
Installation Name
Msl Rec/Inst/Stor Area
M R/I R B M B iv/Trp Trng Area
General Support Area
Mobile ICBM Fac 1
Mobile ICBM Fac 2
ICBM Launch Test Site 6
If RM I annrh TPCt Site 5
0 0 1 (see 0 0 0
remarks)
Other Mobile Missile-Assoc Support Bldgs
e-I
D
i
r
v
n
High-Bay
Tech Support
Clerestory
Miscellaneous
Number of Bldgs
Number of Bldgs
Number of Bldgs
Number of Bldgs
Complete
Ucon
Complete
Ucon
Complete
Ucon
Complete
Ucon
Msl Rec/Inst/Stor Area
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
7
MR/IRBM Biv/Trp Trng Area
0
2
4
Mobile ICBM Fac 1
1 (poss--
0
0
4
Mobile ICBM Fac 2
0
1 (see
see remarks)
0
0
0
2
remarks)
ICBM Launch Test Site 6
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
ICBM Launch Test Site 5
0
0 0
0
1
0
3
0
1 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 2 (see 1 0
remarks)
0 3 (see 2 1 (see 1 0
remarks) remarks)
0 0 0 1 (prob) 0 0
Remarks/Comments
All new GSE garages at this fac have been complete since Apr 77; one of the
two 6-bay garages was originally a 4-bay, rail-served bldg that was completely
modified into a 6-bay garage by Apr 76
This fac is the primary support and housing area for SS-20 crew training; two
30-meter lattice communications towers are in this fac, and a poss command/-
control silo is ucon
The two 11-bay garages are nearly complete; the poss technical support building,
not a new bldg, is a probably modified SS-7 GSE 2-bay garage
The 9-bay garages and the drive-in, high-bay bldg are foundations only and
construction on them has not progressed since mid-1977; construction on
the 11-bay garage has been very slow
The three 11-bay garages in the RIM area are nearly complete
This 3-bay garage is a modified, partially bunkered GSE garage and is not identi-
cal to the 3-bay garage seen at deployed SS-20 bases; however, it could house the
same type of GSE (MAZ-543 MSV)
*These six single-bay garages are similar to the single-bay garages at SS-20 mobile bases only in that they are single bay and drive in. These buildings are of standard Soviet design and are not
unique in construction as are the sliding-roof garages at the deployed SS-20 bases,
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Top Secret
Primary SS-16/-20 GSE Garages
Single-Bay Garage
(nonsliding roof) 3-Bay Garage 6-Bay Garage
Number of Bldgs Number of Bldgs Number of Bldgs
Complete Ucon Complete Ucon Complete Ucon
9-Bay Garage 11-Bay Garage 6-Meter-Deeper 11-Bay Garage
Number of Bldgs Number of Bldgs Number of Bldgs
Complete Ucon Complete Ucon Complete Ucon
0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
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NUMBER OF
GARAGES
i op secret rs u I-
so=
0
COMPONENTS AVAILABLE FOR ADDITIONAL GARAGES
(EXCLUDES STATIONARY END SECTIONS)
UNABLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COMPONENTS (MAXIMUM ESTIMATE)
A COMPLETE SLIDING-ROOF, SINGLE-BAY GARAGE CONSISTS OF TWO STATIONARY END SECTIONS, EIGHT SLIDING-ROOF PLANELS,
FOUR CORNER POSTS, SIX WALL STANCHIONS, AND 12 WALL PANELS.
NPIC S-5147
FIGURE 7. SINGLE-BAY GARAGE COMPONENTS OBSERVED AT BRYANSK GUIDED MISSILE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
PLANT II, USSR
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Top Secret R U F
construction/modification observed at this site since early 1976. Table 2 contains a complete listing
of garage types at Plesetsk MSTC, their locations, and construction status.
17. (TSR) The mobile missile-related construction activity observed at the Plesetsk MSTC
has resulted in a variety of building types and site layouts. Most notable is the construction of a
building that thus far has only been seen at the Plesetsk MSTC. That building is an 11-bay garage
(item 3, Figure 6) that is 6 meters deeper than the 11-bay garages observed at all other
mobile missile-related facilities. Although the reason for the larger size of this garage is unknown,
the garage could possibly be an identifying feature of the mobile SS-16 ICBM. Also at Plesetsk, only
six single-bay garages have been built at each launch site (ICBM Mobile Facilities 1 and 2), and no
indication that this number will be increased to nine has been observed. Further, these single-bay
garages at Plesetsk are not distinctive in any way. They have no sliding-roof capability and are of
standard Soviet design. A more detailed discussion of the differences in single-bay garages is con-
tained in a previous NPIC report.'
18. (TSR) Four major GSE support buildings at Plesetsk are in various stages of construction
and are similar, if not identical, to support buildings seen at some SS-20 facilities. The four types of
buildings include a nine-bay garage, a clerestory building, a high-bay building, and a 66- by 18-
meter, 11-bay garage that has been seen at all mobile missile facilities (Figure 6).
19. (TSR) No consistent pattern in the placement of these four types of buildings has been ob-
served at Plesetsk. For example, foundations for three nine-bay garages, present since April 1977,
have been seen only at Plesetsk ICBM Mobile Facility 2. Kapustin Yar is the only other mobile
missile-related facility with nine-bay garages. At Kapustin Yar, nine-bay garages are in each of the
three SS-20 support facilities.
20. (TSR) The clerestory buildings, seen either completed or under construction at Plesetsk,
are at ICBM Mobile Facilities 1 and 2 and Launch Test Site 5. These clerestory buildings appear to
be similar to the clerestory payload-handling buildings seen within the nuclear warhead areas serv-
ing the new SS-17, -18, and -19 multiple, independently targeted reentry vehicle (MIRV) ICBMs.
21. (TSR) The type of clerestory building seen at Plesetsk has not been constructed at
Kapustin Yar MSTC but is under construction at the Kozhanovichi and Konkovichi (Figure 4) SS-
20 mobile bases. A MIRV association with the clerestory buildings at Kozhanovichi and Konkovichi
is supported by the fact that the SS-20 missile that is expected to be deployed there has a MIRV
warhead. This MIRV association may not be valid for Plesetsk, however; the SS-16 ICBM has been
tested with a single warhead only. Rather, the clerestory building at Plesetsk will probably be used
for some form of vehicle maintenance. This is a more likely function for this building at Plesetsk
since the large numbers of vehicles associated with both the SS-16 and the SS-20 mobile missile
systems will undoubtedly require extensive vehicle maintenance facilities.
22. (TSR) The high-bay building at Plesetsk, which has two drive-in, 30- by 12-meter bays
and is currently in an early stage of construction, has been seen at ICBM Mobile Facility 2 only.
This building has not been observed at Kapustin Yar. When complete, this building at Plesetsk will
be identical to the high-bay buildings seen in the specialized support areas at the Kozhanovichi and
Konkovichi (Figure 4) SS-20 bases.
23. (TSR) The most common 11-bay garage (66 by 18 meters) is also present in various num-
bers at Plesetsk ICBM Mobile Facilities 1 and 2 and in the receiving, inspection, and maintenance
(RIM) area at Launch Test Site 6. (Footings are currently under construction for a probable 11-bay
garage at Launch Test Site 5.) The numbers of these garages at these locations (Table 2) suggest
that the amount of existing garage space was inadequate to support the mobile missile system in-
tended for deployment at these facilities.
Production Facilities
24. (TSR) Components for the SS-20 sliding-roof, single-bay garages are produced at Bryansk
Guided Missile Support Equipment Plant II. Bryansk Plant II has been observed 28 times
when SS-20 single-bay garage components were observed for the first time. On that date
ten sliding-roof panels were observed. SS-20 garage components were not observed there again until
(Figure 7), although the plant was seen a total of nine times during the intervening
period.
25. (TSR) 20 stationary end sections, 158 sliding-
roof panels, 42 stacks of corner posts, 20 stacks of wall panels, nine stacks of wall stanchions, and
two stacks of unidentified material were observed. This number of components is sufficient to
assemble ten complete sliding-roof, single-bay garages with some components available for another
nine garages. This is the largest number of SS-20 garage components ever observed at Bryansk.
These components may be intended for mobile bases at Drovyanaya Mobile IRBM Base 3,
Novosibirsk Mobile IRBM Base 2, and Verkhnaya Salda SSM Launch Position 10, each of which is
in an early stage of construction.
Top Secret
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Top Secret RUFF I 25X1
1. NPIC IPIR-001/77, Imagery Analysis of SS-X-16/-20 Activity at Three Deployed SSM Complexes 25X1
Npfc~
RUFF
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4. NPIC PIR-034/77, SS-X-16/-20 Mobile Missile-Related Activity SSR, 21 July-30 September 25X1
1977 (TSR), Nov 77 (TOP SECRET RUFF 25X1
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to the Soviet SS-X-20 Single-Bay Garages (S), Jul 77 (TOP SECRET 25X1
3. NPIC IR-017/77, Possible SS-X-20-Associated Command and Control Silo Under Construction at
Kapustin Yar, USSR (TSR), Aug 77 (TOP SECRET RUFF
REQUIREMENT
Project 121300NF
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List of Conversion Factors by Classification
MILLIMETERS
0.0394
INCHES
KILOGRAMS
2.2046
POUNDS(AVOIR.)
CENTIMETERS
0.3937
INCHES
POUNDS(AVOIR.)
0.4536
KILOGRAMS
INCHES
25.4000
MILLIMETERS
SHORT TONS
0.9072
METRIC TONS
INCHES
2.5400
CENTIMETERS
METRIC TONS
1.1023
SHORT TONS
FEET
0.3048
METERS
METRIC TONS
0.9842
LONG TONS
FEET
0.0003
KILOMETERS
LONG TONS
1.0160
METRIC TONS
YARDS
0.9144
METERS
METERS
3.2808
FEET
METERS
0.0005
MILES(NAUTICAL)
METERS
1.0936
YARDS
KILOMETERS
3280.8400
FEET
KILOMETERS
0.6214
MILES)STATUTE)
KILOMETERS
0.5400
MILES(NAUTICAL)
LITERS
0.2642
GALLONS
MILESISTATUTE)
1.6093
KILOMETERS
LITERS
0.0063
BARRELS)POL)
MIL ES(NAUTICAL)
6076.1154
FEET
LITERS
0.0010
CUBIC METERS
MILES)NAUTICAL)
1.8520
KILOMETERS
GALLONS
3.7854
LITERS
MILES(NAUTICAL)
1852.0000
METERS
GALLONS
0.1337
CUBIC FEET
GALLONS
0.0238
BARRELS)POL)
GALLONS
0.0038
CUBIC METERS
BUSHELS
0.0352
CUBIC METERS
CUBIC FEET
7.4805
GALLONS
CUBIC FEET
0.1781
BARRELS)POL)
SQUARE CENTIMETERS
0.1550
SQUARE INCHES
CUBIC FEET
0.0283
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE INCHES
6.4516
SQUARE CENTIMETERS
CUBIC YARDS
0.7646
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE FEET
0.0929
SQUARE METERS
BARRELS(POL)
158.9873
LITERS
SQUARE YARDS
0.8361
SQUARE METERS
BARRELS)POL)
42.0000
GALLONS
SQUARE METERS
10.7639
SQUARE FEET
BARRELS)POL)
5.6146
CUBIC FEET
SQUARE METERS
1.1960
SQUARE YARDS
BARRELS(POL)
0.1590
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE METERS
1.0000
CENTARES
CUBIC METERS
1000.0000
LITERS
SQUARE METERS
0.0002
ACRES
CUBIC METERS
264.1721
GALLONS
SQUARE METERS
0.0001
HECTARES
CUBIC METERS
35.3147
CUBIC FEET
ACRES
4046.8564
SQUARE METERS
CUBIC METERS
28.3776
BUSHELS
ACRES
0.4047
HECTARES
CUBIC METERS
6.2898
BARRELS(POL)
HECTARES
10000.0000
SQUARE METERS
CUBIC METERS
1.3080
CUBIC YARDS
HECTARES
2.4711
ACRES
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