SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE FACILITIES KAPUSTIN YAR/VLADIMIROVKA MISSILE TEST CENTER, USSR

Document Type: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP78T05439A000300120011-7
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RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
S
Document Page Count: 
30
Document Creation Date: 
December 28, 2016
Document Release Date: 
July 17, 2000
Sequence Number: 
11
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
March 1, 1961
Content Type: 
IR
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PDF icon CIA-RDP78T05439A000300120011-7.pdf2.28 MB
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ILLEGIB Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300120011-7 Next 9 Page(s) In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300120011-7 SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE FACILITIES KAPUSTIN YAR/VLAI7IMIROVKA MISSILE TEST CENTER. USSR Declass Review by NIMA/DOD Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78T05439A000300120011-7 25X1 C, NOFORN? This mia* r;`.c,^h.ap~,is .n;eW ezt c rcpert has hen prepared by the Army, Navy. a%u Central intelligence Agency m partial answer to general regtirementa for a detailed --I-is of t r lrai5+:;;1. `Aar ~ia.$:P_11rovk.a~lli:lle Test Center. The i`-rpv=e of city rep, rt is to pre-ea: a let-led photo t nalysis of the Surface-to-Alir Missile Facilities as the F, (ern r. Reperes as Lau h Lea E (JR-1005,,61) and Troop T;almng Launt Co plea -G- ;JR-lf??6 bl,! of the Surfa:a-co-Surface Missile Facilities have wire adv been p="Heted, and aitaivaia is un_ tirieotation of the SSM Range. More- over, the S?j:f Range Included its awn itr trumen tie -cotisee , . and -guidance facilities- This, independence of the SAM activities is thriller en+ifihasiied by the Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300120011-7 anti a -Missile Checkout and propellant Storage Area. The Base Support Complex, located 7 miles south-southwest of the SAM Launch Complex, includes a Base Support and Housing Area, a Marshalling Area, and Kapustitrita,r Airfield. The main road fisdm Kapustin Yar to the SAM-Launch' Complex passes through the:13 aseSuppoitComplex. The Initial SAM Launch Complex, which is served by road from Kapustin- '(ar, cnnviats Qf aLauoh Area auid_I. = Support Area, both apparently inactive or abandoned. The tots an ar+e located one - mile apart and are Connected by an uniin_ proved road, It is apparent from photography that at least two surface-to-air missiesys- 25X1C_ E T NOFOR 25X1 D 25X1 D teals have been developed and a third is probably under development at Kapustin Yar. The first to be developed was the SA-1 (5-200) System, which utilized the llerringbne-type site. The SA-2 system was the second system to be developed. The major effort at the time of- _ photography was probably concen- trated on this system, which utilizes the Hexadic-type sites. This photography Also reveals a new surface-to-air missile sys- tem under development. Indications are that this system is probably being devel- opedfor-a low- UT medium-altitude shop. range missile utilizing a four-position launch site. It is thus possible to iracethehistor- ical developmec of two complete missile systems by use of photography. One is the SA-1 (B-200) system utilizing the,-V-301 type missile- The development of this system started with missile testing at the Initial SAM Launch C'vmplei The second phase. utilizing segments of a launch site and components of guidance egifipttecuL was carried Out at the R&D Launch Area. The third phase was the testin of a pre- totiT2e site utilizing the I-ltrriiigl e pat_ tern, and the final or fourth phase ~he' deployment of the Herririgb Launch Sites in a double ring around .iorow. A slifilar case can be made for the SA-_ system utilizing the Guideline missile_ to this instance, the first and sei phaaee were probably cat`ied out at the R&D Launch- Aga and the third phase at the Troap Training Lau>?b Area. The fourth phase is represented by the construction Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300120011-7 PIC/d f-tOo jf;t 25X1 C SECRET INTRODUCTION The Surface-to-Air Missile Facilities are a part of the Kapustin Yar; Vladimir- ovka Missile Test center, which is located 60 miles east of Stalingrad, on the eastern side of the Volga River (Figure 1). These facilities, which occupy the northwestern 25X1 D margin of the Test C:ec:er ,Fi4t e - and 31, include a sate for C'-C-' zss:le Tense L'SSR. in aai. reveals a new Cr altitu;: , shnr.. _~c in and base - a ca with t.__e rns__._ . ...., a_. _ 25X1D 25X1D25X1D 25X1D . 25X1 D e5;dest. At least e0 s...rtarr-ta-air mis- socs. 1stts un~.1 at two of the four launch :n r. SAM Lan 7 Cmr[Cx, have' Yarn idc'nt.:.d cn _.... Came . F _: aplty. lire szlf is i- e e by [-s aSi:y ,: oK; rat-) In .I.:.d seam bE t :x. -r~ M et .^ .?>.. ..t,:d on ..., roe- erage, but, whenever possible, compari- sons are made skth - coverage..so ac to indicate - changes during the ' interim period. For purposes of this discussion, the SAM Facilities. are grouped in three :. +aplexes, the SAi`1 Launch Complex, the Base Support Complex, and the Initial SAM Launch Complex. Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78T05439A000300120011-7 25X1 C SECRET NOFORN we ..o Parmr,em SAM LAUNCH= 25X9 COMPLEX 25X9 The SAI l Launch Complex is located in the approximate center of th, SAM1i Facilities, with the associated tee, range to the north-northeast and the SaQtantially equal number ofV.301 type missiles throughout the remainder of the site. The Prototype Herriegla.ne launch Site has strong indications of active troop training. The presence of the 1'-301 type missiles and the Guideline missiles an the same launch site indicates that train- ing activity possibly utilizing bout tyt es is carried on here. The concentration of Guideline missiles an dollies in taus corner of the " Herrtrtg! c - suggests that they may be parked here prior to being moved from the dollies to launchers when the V-301 type missiles occupying them have been fired or removed. On the Other hand, It is also possible that the Guideline missiles are temporarily stored in the .'Herring- Site prior to being moved to the SA-2 Tiring sites Control Bunkers: Figure 7 shewst two typical 6-latntcl>er segments of the ..Prow- type Herringbone Launch Site. It also shows the access road that serves the site and the adjacent checkout facilities. Each control bunker (Items 1) serves sin launch points (Items 2,i, three on each of two launch roads. The control bunker is connected to each of the six lain points by a buried cable- Each of the two control bunkers nearest the YO-YO end of the launch site is connected to the guidance site by a buried cable- In addition, a buried cable connects the five control bunkers on each side of the center service road. Each control bunker is connected by buried cable to a small earth.covered bunker (Items 3) on one side and also to a small upright structure (items 4) on the PIC/JR-1449/61 otoslte side..T eve small a Xtb rovereil . bunkers May serv%'as atora g pointsfor fuses or initiators. No facllftie's fr. 4or. age of complete misailea can be identified. Checkout and SupQait Facilities: Lo- cated Just inside the fenced launch site is a large drive-through !ridding- (Item 5). This building, which 'is very similar to the checkout buildings found at site. around Moscow, has a drive-through cen- ter seu:tiou with two large doors. One of these doorways Is blocked by a large spherical or upright tank,' Jost off tMe. concrete apron that serves this building is a buried tank 35 feet in diameter (Item 6). In addition, there are two other buildings. One of these (Item 7) is prob- ably used for storage, while the other (item 8) is the security and administrative building for the launch site. PROTOTYPE YO-YO GUIDANCE SITE The guidance for the Prototype Her- ringbone Launch Area is a YO-YO radar site {Piggre 8) very similar to those found Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300120011-7 25X1 C SECRET 25X1 D 25X1 D around-Moscow. "Me site is double-fenced and encircled by firehreats, The YO-YO radar (Item 1) and control bunker (Item 2) are positioned in the center of the site, and the control bunker is not earth. covered as are those at sites surrounding Moscow. There is a foundation for the fare-sight pole (Item 3), 640 feet in from of the radar. However, the pole was not present in- In addition, there are six buildings, two buried tanks, and a partially buried bunker (Item 4) with three large ventilators on top. This site is situated 5,41)0 feet from the junction of the rarest set of launch roads, and 10.000 feet from the junction of the far- ther[ Set of launch roads. TROOP TRAINING LAUNCH AREA The Troop Training Launch ?irea (Figure 9) which was under tznsirt>ctioa in- is situated al it branch of the main service raed from the Base Support Complex CFigure 3). The area, which is probably used mainly to train SA-2 unit troops. a;risists of two partial prototype Hexadic sites for prac- tice firing, six launch training sites, and a bivouac site. Wy the practice firing sites are fenced. This area probably rep- resents the third phase in the development of the SA-2 system. The initial work was 25X1 D 25X1 D probably carried out in the R&D Launch Arm. PRACTICE (LIVE) F1Rl\G SITFS The two Prdctic' Firing Sites, which are both partial prototype tlesadi4 are c^.irFLhttsl3c' d by a ccmatoo ,auntie fen ee (plgurc' I07- Thee sites, stake consiruc= tuba at the time oMphorography, were undergoing expansico in - positaiswd berween the two sites is a large hip-roofed building them t ) with a ,former on each end. Two small sheds, are located in front of this building, To the rear of the two sites, and also within the fehi'ed area, are 10 missile trans porters and?two vans parted orgcowA) e parking -aprons. A security building. is situated where the all-weather roadserva ing the firing sites enters thefencedareak' A system of internal all-weather -roads to apparently desiyird for efficient access to all launch revetments, The 3911owing In a dcaceii lads of the two partial fieatadic sites. Launch Site "A": This site (Figure 10) has four completed launch revetments (paints) and an elliptical guidance revet- ment in the center. Two other launch emplacements were started but::construe- tion has apparently been suspended. The launch revetments are more heavily con. structed than those of the other launch Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP78T05439A000300120011-7 -4 V NOFORN itortataSaS ttOmtlttO, site (Site "B"). A square hip-rooted build- ing (Item 2) and a small water tower are located adjacent rothe guidance revetment. This building is connected to a small possible generator building by buried ca- ble. Located to the rear of the site is another, small water tower and an unident- ified square tower-like Structure (Item 3) with a sloping top. This structure may have a parapet above the rooffortheposi- tioning of tracking equipment. The launch and guidance revetments contain no launchers, missiles, or other equipment- Recent expansion at this site includes the extension of the fenced area 400 feet to the east-southeast, and the construction of a loop road Within the expanded area. Launch Site "B,': This site (Figure 10) consists of three completed launch revet- 'neses (points), Construction had begun on three other launch revetments but was apparently ausperided at the time ot_ Photo overage.` The guidance facilities include two long excavations- This type Of guidance facility as well as the reset. mast type east) at Site "A" has been observed at operational SAM sites within the t .SR. Other facilities at this site include a square hip-roof d building(Item 4), with an adjacent, small water tower- This building, identical to the one at Site "A" (Item 2), is aim, connected to a pos- a111le generator building by buried cable. Between the hip-roofed building and the guidance exeavatio- are four poles or masts. In addiHOs, this site also has a small Water wwerpand an adjacent uniden-__ - tifittl structure (Irma 5). This sitvccure is the same type as Item 3, Site "A". Recent expansion at Ibis site includes an extension northwest and c traetitat?of a loop mad _ FRUIT SET radar, three SA-3 launchers, 25X1 D (Item bL located along widened portions of the loop raced, are wnneets"wi to a third hard_stand (Item b"N 46?45'45"E Trek Arlr[t 25X9, MItlR.E CHECKOUT AND ' 4r44'161401?4310"E - Tnd Activity PIOPEILARTbIBgMt ): AREA MMSIIALLPIG AREA Y?1!'Y"N Y?4! OD"E 20FRUITSET Radr. 106rr1.11.I...elrw *p d.rdy BABE AIPPORTCOMPLEX RUE SUPPORT AND HOUSING 41?11Ys"N-Y?Y'o0"E Will ode. "Wale. Tmok A."vity, AREA ' KAPURIII YAR ABIPYI.B N?Y'10'T4 Y?Y'10"E 6 CAB, 4 COLT, W HOIINIL 2 CRATE, 10 CREEK DImAL MAM LAUNCH AREA Y?K'Y'TF1P01'Y "E b.euvo or.lo.do.o1 LAUNCH C t. C SUPPORT AREA Y?Y'111""?OW'Y'T3 Y.rNe or tdui.od ? CwNwr w fr d. .orr all d..IM w.. ?? Mall ...l.011067 rk?t?!?WIY pod.dw dN INS of a.thMp mile apart. The Support Area is served from Kapustin Yar by an improved road, probably gravel surfaced. An unimproved road connects the Launch Area with the Support Area. A buried cable leads south- eastward from the Support Area toward the Surface-to-Surface Missile Facilities. This buried cable is probably part of a rangehead communications system con- necting the various launch facilities. The Launch Area covers about 45 acres and contains two rectangular con- crete launch pads, a circular possible launch pad, a control bunker, and six re- vetments. Nine cargo' trucks and four TABLE OF LOCATION OF AREAS RITIIIN TINE SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE FACILITIES 25X1 C SECRET NOFC 25X1 C SECRET CONCLUSIONS The Surface-to-Air Missile Facilities probablyoperate independently of other missile facilities at the Kapustin Yar/Vladimirovka Missile Test Center. Two missile systems, SA-t and SA-2, have been developed at the SAM Facilities. 11,,, ? ? ? The development of the SA-2 system was begun prior to A low- to medium-altitude short range SAM missile system is probably under devel- hpment at the New Type SAM Launch Area. Troop training appears to be one of the most important junctions of the SAM Facili- ties. This Includes facilities for training several SA-2 crews simultaneously as well as facilities for classroom training of a large number of troops. There is an area in the Launch Complex that has facilities which could be used to handle nuclear wa,t;heads for surface-to-air missiles. The Marshalling Area probably serves as an issue point for equipping trained SA-2 crews being deJyed to operational sites. PIC/JR-1008/61 25X1 D 25X'1 C NOFORN 11`' 25X1 C SECRET REFERENCES PHOTOGRAPHY KAPUSTIN YAR Acquisition No Date Classification 25X1 D 25X1 D SEMIF,6LATIN K Acquisition No rate Classification SECRET/NOFORN Exce t MAPS or CHARTS ACIC. USAF Operational Navigation Chart 235, Jun 1958, Scale 1:1,000,000 (C) SAC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet 0235-22A, 2d ed, Feb 1960, Scale 1:200,000 (S) CIA. PIC/JB-1016/60, Missile Test Center Ka oath Yar Vladlmirovka, USSR, 1 Dec 60 (S/NOFORN 25X1 C ?V 1. 25X1 C 25X1 C 25X1 C 25X1 C SECRET NOFORN oo"NORA "s w~owisrrso~ May 1961 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE CENTER ERRATUM FOR PIC/JR-1008/61 The sentence beginning near the bottom of the second column on page 23 of PIC /SR-1008./61 reads as follows : There are two other similar -buildings vvith4vi the Kapustin Yar/Vladimirovka Missile Test Center, both 0235 22A) This TC - - located in the SSM Facilities (areas 3-A and 3-D USA statement shouldbe changed to read as follows: There are three other similar buildings at the Kapustin-Yar/Vladimirovka Missile Test Center. All are located in the SSM Facilities, two at Complex "C" and one at Complex 92G". 25X1 C SECRET NOFO