MAJOR COMPLEX UNDER HIGH-PRIORITY CONSTRUCTION NEAR HSING-LUNG-CHUANG, CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05439A000300250048-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 19, 2011
• Sequence Number: 48
• Publication Date: February 1, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

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DEAR SING-LUNG-CHUANG, CHINA
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
NPIC/R-93/64
February 1964
MAJOR COMPLEX UNDER
HIS PRIORITY CONSTRUCTION
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
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MAJOR COMPLEX UNDER
HIGH-PRIORITY CONSTRUCTION
NEAR HSING-LUNG-CHUANG, CHINA
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General Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Installation and the Terrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Electric Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Construction Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Possible Related Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Detailed Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Area A ................................... 7
Area B ................................... 14
Area C ................................... 22
AreaD ................................... 28
AreaF ................................... 33
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Figure
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Figure
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Figure
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Figure
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Figure
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Figure
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Figure
8.
Figure
9.
Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Far-oblique Photograph of the Hsing-lung-chuang
Area, September 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photograph of the Hsing-lung-chuang Installation,
August 1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Line Drawing of the Hsing-lung-chuang Installation
Depicting Areas A through E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photograph of Area A, September 1963 . . . . . . . .
Line Drawing of Area A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photograph of Area A, February 1962 . . . . . . . . .
Perspective Drawing of Eastern Part of the
Itdustrial Section, Area A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Perspective Drawing of Western Part of the
Industrial Section, Area A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page
Figure 10. Photograph of Area B, August 1963 . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 11. Line Drawing of Area B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 12. Photograph of Area B, February 1962 . . . . . . . .
Figure 13. Line Drawing of Walled Industrial Section, Area
B (including two photographic insets) . . . . . . . . .
Figure 14. Perspective Drawing of Laboratory /Institutional
Buildings, Area B (including two photographic
insets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 15. Photograph of Area C, August 1963 . . . . . . . . . .
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Figure 16. Line Drawing of Area C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 17. Photograph of Area C, February 1962 . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 18. Perspective Drawing of Processing Buildings,
Area C .............................. 27
Figure 19. Photograph of Area D, August 1963 . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 20. Line Drawing of Area D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 21. Photograph of Southern Segment of Area D,
September 1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Figure 22. Line Drawing of Southern Segment of Area D . . . . . 32
Figure 23. Photograph of Area E, August 1963 . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 24. Line Drawing of Area E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Figure 25. Photograph of Checkout Site of Area E, August 1963. 36
Figure 26. Photograph of Checkout Site of Area E,
February 1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Figure 27. Photograph of Storage Site 2 of Area E,
August 1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figure 28. Photograph of Storage Site 2 of Area E,
February 1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figure 29. Photograph of Storage Site 3 of Area E,
September 1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figure 30. Photograph of Storage Site 3 of Area E,
February 1962 (including perspective drawing
inset) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
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Photography of September 1961 through
September 1963 has revealed an extensive area
of high priority construction activity in a remote
section of north-central China near Ching Hai
(Lake Koko Nor). No large urban areas are in
this vicinity. For purposes of reporting the
installation has been identified with the nearby
village of Hsing-lung-chuang.
When first observed, the installation was in
an early stage of construction, and no deter-
mination of its intended function could be made.
Even after two years of rapid progress in con-
struction, no specific features can be defined
which permit a positive identification of purpose.
It was first theorized that the function would be
mineral exploitation and processing because the
installation lacked the typical characteristics of
other conventional industrial activity. However,
subsequent photography has revealed a very in-
tensive and continuing construction effort, a
number of detached, isolated areas that are part
of the installation, several military entrench-
ments, extensive power and water facilities, and
several unique building and layout features, all
of which indicate an eventual function of much
higher priority and importance than is normally
associated with mineral exploitation. Construc-
tion has not progressed far enough and recent
photographic coverage has not been complete
enough to permit further assessment of its
significance.
The purpose of this report is to describe
in detail a large installation under construction
in north-central China and thus to facilitate an
early determination of its intended function.
77' UNIDENTIFIED
INSTALLATION
Photography has revealed an extraordinary
amount of activity at the site. It is evident that
the Chinese attach much importance and have
given high priority to the project.
PEIPING?
H SING-LUNG!' LAN-
CHUANG CHOU
Hunnle-yuan _ __ -?~
ti ni-ning
103 ~ f 04'i
Rai road
-Railroad under construction
Trail
ro0 10 Intermittent Zsotrea 30 .30 .o
emu. ~,
NAUTICAL MILES
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This installation is located at 36-55\ 100-
51E in Ching-ha i Sheng (Province), a remote area
in north-central China (Figure 1). It is F nautical
miles (nm) east of Ching Hai, a large lake known
conventionally as Koko Nor. No large urban
areas are in this vicinity, and for purposes of
reporting the installation is identified with the
nearest village, Hsing-lung-chuang, 4 nm to the
southeast. The small town of Huang-yuan is 25
nm to the southeast, and the nearest large urban
centers are Hsi-ning 50 nm to the southeast and
Lan-chou 155 nm to the southeast.
The site was first seen on far-oblique pho-
tography of September 1959 (TALENT Mission
At that time agricultural field patterns
covered the area, and a road under construction
into the area could be observed (Figure 2). Light
toned areas of possible earth scarring seen on
this photography may represent initial construc-
tion efforts at this installation. Photography of
September 1Q61 (KEYHOLE Mission was
the first to reveal the installation under con-
struction, and a photographic interpretation re-
port based on this photography was released
in January 1962. 1 /
Since September 1961, the installation has
been covered by several KEYHOLE missions and
raphy from the
August 1963 E
mission was in
The latest and best photog-
February 1962
and the large-scale photography from this mis-
sion is of extremely high quality, providing an
excellent, cloud-free look at details of the con-
struction activit . The ission of
September 1963 provided incom-
plete coverage because of clouds; despite this
limitation, the magnitude and intensity of the
construction effort is clearly revealed.
The Hsing-lung-chuang installation has been
divided into five areas, each of which is some-
what separate from the others. A description
of the installation as a whole and of certain
general characteristics of both the area and the
installation will precede detailed descriptions
of the separate areas in the body of this report.
The Hsing-lung-chuang installation extends
approximately $ nm along the Chung-ko Ho, a
small stream, and one of its small intermittent
tributaries (Figures 3 and 4). The valley in
which the installation is situated is oriented in
a northwestern 'southeastern direction. The
major part of the installation occupies about
2,000 acres on the cast side of the stream. A
smaller portion is immediately west of the
stream, and an extension to the northwest con-
sists of four small separated facilities.
The installation has been divided into five
areas, designated A through E, each of which ap-
pears to have a function somewhat different from
the others (Figure 4). Area A at the south-
eastern extremity of the complex is the principal
industrial area as well as the transportation and
storage center for the installation. Area B,
immediately northwest of Area A, contains the
power plant, several large industrial processing
buildings and laboratory/institutional buildings
under construction, and extensive housing in-
cluding a group of apartment buildings nearing
completion. Area C, northwest of Area B, is a
specialized processing area containing three
processing buildings of unusual configuration,
a semiburied structure, and two small walled
road /rail transfer and storage compounds. Area
17, across the stream and west of Areas A, B,
and C, is an isolated area in an early stage of
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25X1
25X1
25X1
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development which contains several massive
structures under construction. Area E, north-
west of Area 17, is also in an early stage of
construction and consists of three small isolated
storage sites and a checkout facility.
Between the valley in which the installation
is located and the lake 8 nm to the west is a
mountain range which extends in a northwestern /
southeastern direction. A less well-defined
mountainous area bounds the valley on the north
and northeast. The general elevation of the area
in which the installation is located is from 9,000
to 10,000 feet above sea level. Rainfall is sparse,
averaging about 14 inches a year with most of it
falling late in the summer. Temperatures range
from a daily mean of 19?F in January to 64F in
Jul' and August. Ching Hai is frozen during the
winter months.
Road access is provided by a single road
which enters the area from the southeast, par-
alleling the railroad. This road formerly tra-
versed the entire valley, but it has been inter-
rupted in several places by new construction.
It can be observed leaving the area to the north-
west, but in this direction the road probably re-
ceives only minor use. Within the installation,
a road network of unusually high quality is under
construction. The roads of this network have
several striking features including an extremely
wide roadbed (35 to 40 feet), substantial bridges
and culverts, and wide-radius turns throughout
its extent rather than the normal right-angle
turns and junctions. In addition, there are num-
erous roads and trails used in construction
activities throughout the area.
Access to the installation is provided by a
road and a railroad, both of which extend north-
west from the nearest large settlement of Hsi-
ning. No airfields are observed in the vicinity of
the installation, although several level areas
probably could accommodate light planes.
The main line of the railroad extends from
Nsi-ping to a point about 5 nm southeast of the
installation. A branch line extends to the instal-
lation while the main line, under construction
from that point, turns west across the mountain
range in the direction of the lake, Ching Hai.
The branch line, which passes near the village
of Hsing-lung-chuang, terminates in two spurs
at two small secured sections of Area C (Figure
4). Within the installation several short spurs
extend into various storage and production areas.
A seven-track marshalling yard is located in
Area A, and a spur from this yard extends south
across the Chung-ko Ho to a borrow pit about
one nm south of Area A.
Electric power for the installation was
initially provided by a small thermal electric
plant in Area B near the center of the complex.
Adjacent to this plant, a much larger power
plant which has been under construction may now
be completed or near completion. The latest
photography of this plant, that of 25 August 1963,
revealed piles of coal near the plant's bulk-
handling conveyer system, but the stack was not
emitting smoke. The estimated capacity of this
plant is 25 to 50 megawatts. Numerous power
lines are seen within the installation, and addi-
tional lines are under construction, including one
which extends to a small mining installation 15
nm to the southeast. Trenches for large-capacity
steam lines have also been observed throughout
the complex.
Water for the installation was originally
supplied by numerous small wells scattered
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throughout the area. A larger capacity water
system is under construction as evidenced by
three large new pipeline ditches which extend
more than 3 nm to several wells, by several
large water towers, by large underground stor-
age tanks, and by numerous large open pipe-
line ditches, many of which parallel the older
covered pipelines.
Most of the great quantities of materials
used for construction are apparently brought to
the site by rail. Two large areas of open storage
and several areas of covered storage are located
adjacent to the railroad. Aggregate is supplied
primarily from borrow pits located on the south-
western side of the stream south of Area A.
These diggings are connected to the main part
of the complex by a rail spur. Although no
brick kilns are evident within the installation,
several large brick kilns are located 2.5 nm
to the southeast.
The remote location in an isolated valley
surrounded by relatively mountainous terrain
provides a degree of security for the installa-
tion. Military personnel and several scattered
trenches and defense positions supplement
the isolation factor. In addition, numerous
walls and fences enclose various segments of
the installation.
Two activities in the surrounding area may
have possible association with the Hsing-lung-
chuang installation, although little if any direct
connection was evident as of September 1963. A
small mining installation is located in the moun-
tains approximately 15 nm to the east-southeast,
and an unidentified activity is observed 10 nm to
the west on the shore of Ching Hai.
At the small mining installation there was a
considerable increase of activity between pho-
tographic missions of February 1962 and Sep-
tember 1963. During that period the piles of
tailings more than doubled in size; also, a power-
line was extended to the mining area from the new
power plant in the Hsing-lung-chuang installa-
tion. Portions of the access road west of the
mining area have been improved, but no direct
connection by road from the mining area to the
installation under discussion is evident on the
latest photography.
The activity on the eastern shore of Ching
Hai was present in February 1962. It consists
of surface scrapings in the earth parallel to the
lake shore and a small group of temporary
housing structures. Photography of September
1963 revealed no change, and there was little
evidence of activity in the area; however, the
roadbed for the rail line under construction west
of Hsing-lung-chuang has been extended to this
vicinity. A branch of a road which extends west
from the village of Hsing-lung-chuang also
terminates here.
Area A, at the southeastern extremity of
the complex, appears to be the major industrial
production area and the transportation and stor-
age center of the installation (Figures 5 and 6).
There has been considerable increase in con-
struction activity in this area since it was first
seen on photography of September 1961.
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Black indicates construction progress
as seen February 196:
Red indicates construction progress
as seen August September 1963
Railroad, single track
- - Railroad under construction
Road
High-quality road under Construction
Wall
Fence
Ditch
Power line
Covered p~ peII'le
Steal l i n e
? Building completed
Building Or foundation under Construction
Intermittent Strew
P O W E R L, N E
UN D E R
C ON STRL2C T ION
R A I L R O A D S P U R
/ T O BORROW P I T
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Excellent large-scale photography of Area
A was obtained in February IQ62 and again in
September 1963. L'nlike most of the photography
of the installation obtained in September 1963,
that of Area A was nearly cloud free. The two
sets of large-scale photography not only reveal
many details of construction in Area A but also
permit an evaluation of the pace of the con-
struction effort and of the magnitude of ac-
complishment during a period of 1Q months.
A railroad marshalling yard divides Area
A into two parts: an industrial section on the
south and a storage and housing section on the
north. The rail facilities, the industrial section,
and the storage and housing sect ion are described
in that order in the following paragraphs.
In February 1062 the marshalling yard con-
sisted of five tracks, each about 2,500 feet in
length (Figure 7). A rail spur extended south
from the yard about 1.5 nm, ending at a borrow
pit. By September 1Q63 two tracks had been
added to the marshalling yard and a third was
under construction: a spur leading into the stor-
age section and another into the industrial sec-
tion had been completed; a turning wye and
several short spurs had also been added on the
west end of the marshalling yard in what appears
to be a bulk materials storage area (Figures
5 and 6). Most of the rolling stock consisted
of empty gondola cars.
The industrial section south of the marshall-
ing yard can be divided into two parts. This
division is based on period of development and
on the general functions of the structures; the
dividing line is the rail spur extending south
from the marshalling yard to a borrow pit (Figure
6). The eastern part was developed first and
consists primarily of processing-type buildings
while the western part consists primarily of
fabrication /assembly-type buildings.
In September 1961 the principal facilities
in the eastern part consisted of five major
industrial buildings (items 3 through 7, Figure
6), all of which were under construction. On the
large-scale photography of February 1962 the
building exteriors appeared complete or nearly
complete; however, ditches for steam and water
lines were still uncovered, and much construc-
tion clutter and temporary housing were still
present. In the western part the only signs of
construction activity in February 1962 were the
footings for two buildings and, on the northern
edge of the section, a large open drainage-type
ditch with an oval tank footing (Figure 7).
Photography of August and September 1963
revealed much additional construction in the
eastern part of the industrial section. Twopro-
cessing buildings (items 11 and 12, Figure 6),
three large industrial buildings (item 13), sev-
eral smaller buildings or additions to-buildings,
foundations for a probable processing building
(item 2), and a number of temporary housing
units had been constructed. Some steam- and
water-line trenches remained open. A wall was
under construction along the eastern perimeter
of the industrial section, and a new rail spur had
been constructed to serve several buildings
(items 1, 3, and 4). Nineteen empty gondola
cars are visible on this spur on photography of
September 1963. A perspective drawing of the
eastern part of the industrial section is shown
on Figure 8.
A large amount of construction also took
place in the western part of the industrial sec-
tion during the period February 1962 to Sep-
tember 1063. At the end of the period a large
monitor-roofed fabrication-type building (item
17) was being roofed, and a similar building
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Ta51e I. I)imenSion', and I)rser ption.s of lfuildinp.c in Area A
(Item numters are keyed to f'iyurr 6)
1
1
DIMENSIONS
(FEET)
1 40 x _?(1 Flat-roofed indu-trial building
2 -?30 x 100 probable processing building in early stage of construction: exterior walls and
single row of footing- down long axis of building are under construction
3 Irregular L-shaped prose-sing building with gable roof; the base of the L is higher than
the leg, extend- o.cr it rail spur and probably contains a crane; o\erall
dimensions about 200 b. 60 feel
4 195 x 105 \lultilecel fabrication assembly building with monitor roof
5 140 x 45 Processing building: gable roof with raised center section
6 295 x E`0 Processing building; gable roof with raised, flat-roofed section at west end
7 170 x SS Processing building; gable roof with a lower flat-roof section at east end
6 140 x (`O' probable processing building
9 Irregular Irregularly shaped building: constructed in three parts, the two highest being
hip roofed and the lower being flat roofed; o.erall dimensions about 100 by
kO feet
10 60 x 30 Flnt-roofed building
11 150 x 60 PriK-o-sing building: south end under con-truction
12 Irregular Proce-sing building; mu lti lot el and irregularly shaped with overall dimensions
of about 115 I,y 60 feet: adjacent, large, free-standing stack
13 160 x 60' Three indu-trial building-, each with same dimensions
14 150 x 3, Administration apartment building with flat roof
15 Irregular Probable ndmini-tration or housing building: hip roof: T-shaped with oserall
dimension- of about 60 l,. 60 feet
16 40 x 40 Flat -roofed building
17 255 x 150 Fabrication as-embl-typtbuilding: two short monitors on roof: raised
flat-rcx,f(ai section on west end
16 20 x 150 Fabrication a--omhly-t.pe building: two monitor- on roof; raised flat-roofed
section on cast end
19 Irregular Indu-trial building: multile.el with flat roof and small stack: overall dimensions
105 hs 55 feet
20 ,5 x 20 probable adrt:ini-tration building with flat roof
31 160 x 40 Industrial building with flat roof
-^2 135 40 Three completed warchou-e- with gable roofs; two under construction: all with
same demon-ion-
23 250 x 50 Two warchou-e- with same dimensions and hip roofs
24 175 x 45 Sc. en wiirchou-e- with same dtmen- ion- and hip roofs: porchlike or lean-to
eaten-ion- hate been added to four of these building- since February 1962
25 - Fenced storage tank compound containing six \ertical and three possible
-emiburled h orizc,ntaI tanks
26' _s(I x 40 Two -tonigo building- with sane din:en-ion-; loading platforms along both
io flat ria,f- with eight .entilator- on each
27 Irregular probable hou-ing and li.e-took structure with gable roof and an adjacent walled
cen..pound: n'orall dimen-ion- 240 1,y CO feet
Irregular ('ruciforrn building under con-truction: o.ernll dimensions about 150 h 10(1 feet;
foundation wall- and footing- .i-ihlc: open passageway through center finny he
de-igned for a tracking crane (in-et, Figure 6)
29 Irregular Ex citation being made for building with same dimensions and shape as adjacent
building under con-truction, item 2~ (in-et, Figure 6)
'Item has been seen onl.\ on -mill--c ale KF:Y HOLE photograph; therefore, dimension- should be considered less accurate
than the others, which were den.od from larger scaleF__1 photographs-
(item 18) was nearing completion. 1-tie footings buildings and a cluster of.temporary housing
for the latter building had been visible on pho- units had been completed or were under con-
tography of February 1Q62. Several smaller struction. Numerous open steam- and water-
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line ditches were present as well as the large
open ditch, apparently unchanged, on the western
edge of the section. A wall with guard towers
was also under construction around the western
part of the industrial section, and extensive
scarring west of the wall indicated that addi-
tional construction was underway. A perspective
drawing of the western part of the industrial sec-
tion is shown on Figure Q.
As of September 1963 the storage and
housing section of Area A north of the mar-
shalling yard contained two storage areas, two
groups of temporary housing, a probable military
camp, and two large structures in an early stage
of construction (Figures 5 and 6).
The larger of the two storage areas lies
adjacent to the railroad as it curves north from
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the western end of the marshalling yard. It is
fenced, at least on three sides. In September
1963 it contained extensive open storage, 15
storage buildings, two storage buildings under
construction (item 22), and a short rail spur. Of
the 15 storage buildings, seven were new, and
lean-tos had been added to four of the older
buildings (item 24).
The other storage area in the eastern part
of the section contained two large storage build-
ings (item 26) served by a new rail spur, an
adjacent large building (item 27) with ashedlike
roof extension and walled compound (probably for
livestock), numerous small storage buildings and
sheds, some open storage, and a small fenced
storage tank compound. Two large cross-shaped
buildings located in the northeastern part of this
storage area (items 28 and 29) were in an early
stage of construction and appear to he designed
for other than a general storage function (inset,
Figure 6).
The probable military camp located in the
north-central part of the storage and housing
section appears similar to the temporary con-
struction camps except for several nearby de-
fense positions and a military trench.
In September 1963 a temporary housing area
was located on the eastern edge of Area A and
another on the western edge (Figure 6). Each
consisted of numerous tents and temporary
structures arranged around a quadrangle. These
two housing areas were not present in ]Feb-
ruary 1962.
Dimensions and a brief description of the
most significant items in Area A, keyed to
Figure 6, are presented in Table 1.
Area B is centrally located in the main part
of the installation and is the support center of
the complex Figures 10 and 11). It also con-
tains an industrial section, a conspicuous walled
compound containing several large industrial
buildings. Support facilities include construc-
tion materials processing buildings, temporary
housing, and the only permanent housing section
with associated personnel service buildings in
the installation.
Significant changes and rapid progress in
construction have taken place in Area B since
it was first seen in September 1961. Excellent
large-scale 0 photography of this area was
obtained in February 1962 (Figure 12), and the
southern half of the area was cloud free when
the large-scale photography of September 1963
was obtained. These two sets of photography
have permitted an especially clear view of de-
tails of construction and of the magnitude of
construction activity in much of Area B.
For purposes of reporting, Area B is divided
into five sections, each of which has a different
function or functions: an industrial section, a
power plant section, a laboratory /institutional
section, a construction materials processing
section, and a housing and storage section. Two
new centers of construction activity can also be
seen, one immediately north of the power plant
and the other north of the industrial section,
but their functions cannot vet be determined.
This section consists of a walled area meas-
uring 1,320 by 1,140 feet containing three large
industrial buildings, a multistory probable ad-
ministration 'housing building, several smaller
structures, and two possible underground struc-
tures (Figure 13). A military/construction camp
is immediately adjacent to the east wall of the
compound.
The larger scale photography of February
1962 (inset, Figure 13) revealed the foundations
for two of the large industrial buildings, a single
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Railroad
Railroad under construction
Road
High-quality road under
construction
Abandoned road
Wal I
Ditch
Steam line
Covered pipeline
Building complete
TOVVERS UNOEw .??.
C ON ST qI~C TICNI Lj_ \~
CONSTRUCTION\~ TEU PORAwY
ATE IAL~ ON STw
NG
STORAGE ~, MOUSIN G
T E Y
S!j
C o N~s T .,Clio.
ov~ING
II 111
VV" T
II LABORATORY/
1H INSTITUTIONAL
11 I~ BUILDINGS?
H seen Mugust/Z'eptemoer iYU3
K I I I ALL NUMBERED ITEMS APPEAR I N TABLE 2
22 500 0 600 1000 1600
FEET (APPROXIMATE)
I I 1
FIGURE 11. AREA B.
16 -
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7ahle _1'. Dimrnsion.', and Orscriptions of Principal Structures in Area H
(Item numorr,s are keyed to Figure 11)
I
A
DI'.IEN'I NS
(FEET)
1 35(0 x 160 lIenty fabrication-type building; gable-roofed except for a flat portion on east
end
32(1 x 160 Heavy fabrication-type building under construction; roof appears incomplete;
seen only on KEYHOLE photography; a single row of its foundation footings
ryas seen on larger scale0 photography of February 1962
3 330 x IF`0 Heavy fabrication-type building under construction; exterior walls not yet
so completed
4 -- Two probable underground structures measuring approximately 65 by 24 and 74
by 45 feet, as seen on large-scale photography of February 1962; two small
objects observed on these sites on small-scale photography of August 1963
5 145 x 50 Gable-roofed probable housing administration building
6 Irregular Gable-roofed construction building; overall dimensions 205 by 45
7 Irregular Irregularly shaped, multilevel building; overall dimensions about 135 by 105
feet: roof is partly gabled, partly flat
340 x 50 %lultiletel probable administration "housing building with L wing measuring
1(10 by 40 feet
9 Irregular Flat -roofed, dual-level processing building for construction material; overall
dimensions are ISO by 65 feet
10 Irregular Boiler house with small adjacent free-standing stack; overall dimensions are
10(1 by 50 feet
11 90 x 65 Gable-roofed processing building for construction material
12 150 x 55 Gable-roofed storage building for construction materials
13 23(1 x 55 Goble-roofed storage building for construction materials
14 305 x ,,5 Gable-roofed lumber mill building
15 145 x 50 Gable-roofed lumber mill building
16 i5 x 25 Thirty -nine flat-roofed housing units under construction
17 125 x 20 Fifteen flat-roofed housing units under construction
1s Irregular Flat-roofed, H-shaped, multistory laboratory, institutional-type building con-
nected to building 19 by a covered passageway; overall dimensions are
135 by 115 feet
19 175 x '5 Flat-roofed, multistory laboratory.'institutional building
20 190 x 30 Flat-roofed, multistory laboratory institutional building
21 175 x 45 Flat-roofed, multistory laboratory institutional building
22 Irregular Flat-roofed, H--haped, one-story laboratory.'institutional-type building; overall
dimensions are 160 by 50 feet
23 190 x 40 Flat-roofed apartment-type building
24 215 x 45 Building under construction; probably for administration or for apartment
housing
25 200 x 40 Ten flat-roofed three-story apartment buildings nearing completion
26 Irregular Cross-shap d, flat-roofed institutional building; probable health center;
oterall dimensions are 165 by 105 feet
27 Irregular Personnel services building (recreation, laundry, etc); overall dimensions are
140 by 165 feet
26 150 x 35 Ton flat-roofed, three-story apartment buildings
29 Irregular Institutional building under construction; probable school; overall dimensions
are 340 by 145 feet
30 Irregular \Iultiletel, institutional-type building: overall dimensions are 120 by 95 feet
31 200 x 40 Flat-roofed, three-story apartment building under construction
32 Irregular Alassite building under construction; possible auditorium; overall dimensions
are 270 by 170 feet
33 Irregular Building under construction; probable school; overall dimensions are 230 by
190 feet
34 175 x 120 Generator- hall.'boiler- house section of power plant under construction
35 t, x 45 Gable-roofed building with a lower, flat-roofed section on north end; adjacent
free-standing stack
36 100 x 50 Flat-roofed, dual-level building: probable service building associated with
power plant
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37 Irregular Gable -roofed, mu It ile%eI building: probable serv ice building associated with
Ix,wor plant: ocernll dimensions are 135 by FO feet
34 130 a 35 Power plant
39 1 210 X 55 Cooling towers under construction
40 100 X 36 (fable-roofed, one-story possible administration building
41 110 ,. 2 5 Taco flnt-roofed, one-storn possible administration buildings
row of holes for the footings of a third building,
and the surrounding wall which by that time was
completed. This view of the industrial buildings
in an early stage of construction showed an in-
ternal layout consisting of a large center section
divided into two bays and flanked on three sides
by smaller rooms. The probable administra-
tion-'housing building (item 8) at that time had a
complete first floor, and work was beginning on
additional stories and upon an L addition.
Photography of August 1963 (inset, Figure
13) revealed numerous changes in this section.
The northern and central industrial buildings
(items I and 2) were nearing completion, but the
southern building (item 3) was still unroofed.
The L-shaped building was several stories high
with several levels, and two small objects ap-
peared to occupy the sites of the previously
identified probable underground structures. The
wall had been breached in several places to ad-
mit steam lines and additional roads, and a ser-
vice rail spur had been built just outside the
western wall.
The power plant section is in the north-
western part of Area B. It consists of a small
operational power plant (item 38, Figure 11), a
much larger power plant (item 34) under con-
struction (inset, Figure 12), and associated
buildings. When first seen on large-scale
photography of February 1962, the smaller plant
was operational as was indicated by a smoking
stack, operating spray ponds, and adjacent piles
of coal. The exterior of the large plant appeared
complete at that time, but a considerable amount
of construction debris, scarring, and open
ditches for steam and water lines in the vicinity
of the plant showed that it was not yet operational.
KEYHOLE photography of August 1963 clearly
revealed the plant, now with adjacent piles of
coal; however, no smoke was coming from the
stack, and a large steam-line ditch leading west
toward the apartment housing area was still
open. The capacity of the larger plant is esti-
mated to be 25 to 50 megawatts.
This section, located in the south-central
part of Area a, consists of a cluster of five
structures somewhat separate from other parts
of the area but with easy access to the permanent
apartment housing. Three of the five structures
(items 1Q, 20, and 21, Figure 11) are flat-roofed,
multistory buildings and may have a housing
function as well as a laboratory/institutional
function. The other two structures are lower and
have irregular shapes. A walkway or ramp
connects one of the higher with one of the lower
buildings (Figure 14).
In February 1962 the foundations of the three
larger buildings had been laid, and the walls of
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FIGURE 12. AREA B, FEBRUARY 1962 (oblique photograph, inverted to keep orier,tatior, consistent with Figures 10 and 11).
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40
4I0
1-HOLES FOR FOOTINGS
e'.
2
40' V E R I CA L P O S T S
50', 3
Completed Structure
~. Foundation
__ . Mound
--.- Wall
PROBABLE
UNDERGROUND
STRUCTURES
q~
APPROXIMATELY APPROXIMATELY
55' X 25 75' X 45
-451
- pOI-
20'
ao
HALE -M -I
DIAMETER
A 45j0~ 1061-
-551 195- _6
.4a 205'
} 1100'
TABLE 2J
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one of the buildings were under construction.
The layout of all three appeared to consist of a
center hall flanked by rooms of various sizes
(inset, Figure 14). At that time work had not vet
started on the two irregularly shaped structures.
Photography of September 1963 (inset, Figure
14) revealed that all five structures were nearing
completion with a considerable amount of con-
struction debris remaining in the vicinity.
The construction materials processing sec-
tion is located in the southeastern portion of
Area B. It consists of a lumber mill (items 14
and 15, Figure 11) and several processing build-
ings in which brick, tile, and concrete slabs are
probably manufactured. No typical brick kilns
are visible, but a flue protrudes from the end of
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one building (item Q), and adjacent to this build-
ing are rows of objects that may be piles of tile
housing in the complex are under construction
immediately east of the high-quality road in the
or brick. A large rail-mounted crane in the open
center
of
Area B.
The northernmost group
storage area next to this building indicates a
(item
16)
consists
of 39 identical flat-roofed
capacity for handling large, heavy items, and a
structures
separated into three walled com-
steam line connects the building to a small
boiler house (item 10). Piles of bulk raw
materials, probably aggregate, are also found in
the vicinity. Numerous storage buildings and
barracks are scattered throughout the area.
This section, which consists of several
groups of housing, barracks, and storage build-
ings, occupies a large part of the middle and
southwestern portions of Area B.
Permanent housing, consisting of 21 three-
story apartment buildings and associated service
buildings, is located in the southwestern part of
Area B. In February 1962, eight of these build-
ings were nearing completion, two were in the
mid-construction stage, and seven were in an
early stage of foundation construction. By
September 1963 all 21 apartment buildings ap-
peared to be either complete or nearly complete
externally, although open trenches for steam and
water lines, temporary construction shacks, and
construction debris still remained. Two sizes
of apartment buildings are discernible; the large
buildings are 11 in number (items 25 and 31)
and are of more recent construction than the
others. Each of the larger buildings has three
rectangular protuberances and several small
ventilators on its roof, unlike the uncluttered
roofs of the smaller structures. Several other
nearby buildings which are either completed or
under construction are difficult to identify but
are probably designed to provide personnel ser-
vices such as recreation, hospitalization, and
education.
Two groups of housing (items 16 and 17) that
differ both in size and appearance from other
pounds. The other group (item 17) consists of
15 identical flat-roofed structures that are
larger and much more widely spaced than those
of the northern group, and without surrounding
walls or fences. The structures of these two
groups may represent a type of permanent or
semipermanent housing of a quality between that
of the lower barracks-type and the higher apart-
ment-type housing. In addition, barracks and
storage buildings as well as scattered groups of
temporary construction housing are found in
the area.
Dimensions and a brief description of the
most significant items in Area B, keyed to Fig-
ure 11, are presented in Table 2.
Area C appears to have the specialized
function of processing sensitive materials such
as explosives or volatile fuels;(Figures 15 and
16). It is somewhat separate from the rest of
the installation, occupying a position between
Areas A and B which have more conventional,
industrial-type activities and Area E which has
checkout and storage functions.
Activity in this area is focused on three
large uniquely shaped processing buildings, each
of which is associated with a smaller building
(items 1, 2, and 3, Figure 16). The processing
buildings are basically rectangular in shape and
have a raised roof portion. The associated
buildings are also rectangular, and each is
parallel to the larger building with which it is
associated (Figure 18). An unusual feature of
these buildings is the short, curved, enclosed
accessways that extend from both ends of each
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I H7
WATER
TOWER
20
C I S T E R N
~ STANDPIPE
UNDER- ~._ \~~
GROUND
GU ARp
TANKS
~~ TOWER
~~ t 1 x
PERSPECTIVE
VIEW s iII
ISEIt=IGURE rs)I
R U V
1 _ S E-1 U,
1 \4 T R U C 1
CI SSTERN
TEMPORARY
C O N S T R U C T I O N
HOUSING
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Black indicates construction progress as seen
February 1962
Red indicates construction progress as seen
August /September 1963
Railroad
Road
High-quality road under construction
Wall
Ditch
--- Covered pipeline
-s- Steam line
? Building completed
E) Building under construction or foundation
Ground scarring
Intermittent stream
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DIMF:\r10\~,
(FF:ET)
(iahle-roofed procc--ing building with high-hay center section: n-sociated with
a -nuller r-tangular building mea-unng 135 hs 25 feet
l50 Gable-roofed prow--ing building with high-bas center section: associated with
u -m,aller rectangular building men-uring 135 h\ 25 feet
Guhlo-roofed prose- sing building with high-bay center section: associated with
a -rnnller rectangular building mea-wring 75 by 25 feet
4 110 x 5U Sen,ibuned processing building: onlc the gable roof extends ahoye ground: a c-on-
c(-)or pi pcl me extend- from roof and disappears underground; a cos Bred
pt agc?wus concoyer connects to building 5
100 x 3 Mu ltilccol pr(xe-sing building: a stack extends from lower portion of the roof
near -outh end: it cons es or pipeline connects higher center section to
building 4
f 100 x 25 Gable-roofed -torage building
205 x 40' Probable prow-sing building: outline of foundation seen onF
photographs
(if Fehruan 1962
Prohahle prow--ing building: large, deep footing holes observed in February
1(16 2 indicated a projected -trust ure of considerable size and weight
Prohablc adn;ini-tration or -upport building: function indicated b\ location
oniewhat rev)oced from processing area: foundation observed in February
62
10 x0 x 55 One of the highe-t -tructure- in -Area C
11 75 \ 2:? Flat-roofed production building: raised section at south end
12 145 x 55 Gable-roofed storage building
13 S0 x 45 Re%etted storage building: gable roof of cerv low pitch
14 30 x 20 Foundt,t ion for -torage building: die idt?d into two rooms and entranceway:
under con-trucuon in Fehruarn 19622: no further construction ec ident on
KEY 1101-E photography of %ugu-t 1962
15 30 x 20 Recetied -torage building with flat roof: identical in size and configuration to
adjacent building foundation (item 14)
6 2(1x 2u Flat-roofed -torage building: po-siblc recetted
17 5 x 4(r Probable production building: beginning of foundation was seen on 11 pho-
tograph ' \ of Fchrunr\ 1962
1~ xu x 30' Probable production building: beginning of foundation was seen on pho-
tograph'\ of Fehruarn 1962
Underground tank-: diameters (from we-t to east) approximately 65, 55, and
5(I feet
Standpipe: diameter 25 feet: height 95 feet
'Item has been -eon only on small--calo KE]HOLE photograph: therefore, dimensions should be considered less
accurate than the others, which were den sod from larger scaleF__-] photographs.
of the processing buildings and terminate at
vertical walls. A similar curved passageway
also connects each processing building with its
associated building.
On photography of February 1962
(Figure 17), two of the three pro-
cessing buildings appeared to he nearing com-
pletion, and construction of the third was just
beginning. The layout of the footings for the
third building indicates that each ofthebuildings
has a large center-hay section with one or two
smaller rooms at each end. The smaller asso-
ciated buildings appeared to be one-story, flat-
roofed buildings, but construction may have
started on an additional story or stories.
Eighteen months later, KEYHOLE photography of
August 1963 (Figure 15) revealed that the third
processing building had been completed to a
stage corresponding to the status of the other
two in February 1962. On the August 1963 pho-
tography, the unique configuration of the first
two was barely discernible, apparently because
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t
the associated buildings had been increased to
such a height that their shadows obscured the
processing buildings and also because the pro-
cessing buildings may have been partially cov-
ered with earth.
West of the center processing building are
two smaller, interconnected structures (items
4 and 5, Figure 16) consisting of a rectangular
building with an adjacent stack and a semiburied
structure. The rectangular building has a raised
roof portion which is connected by an inclined
passageway to the semihuried structure (Figure
18). A pipe or conveyer inclines upward from the
roof of the semihuried structure, then makes a
near 90-degree downward turn and either ends
at the ground or disappears underground. This
pipe or conveyer may be connected under-
ground to an open circular cistern 75 feet to the
northwest.
Scattered in the area surrounding the main
processing buildings are a number of smaller
buildings, several of which were under construc-
tion in February 1962 but appear complete on the
latest photography. Two of these small buildings
(items 13 and 15) may be revetted. A wall sur-
rounds the main processing section, enclosing
an area measuring 2,700 by 1,300 feet. New
ground scarring and recent breaching of the
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wall in several places indicates that the facility
is not yet complete. Immediately east of the
processing section is a smaller walled compound
which contains a construction camp including
barracks and a messhall.
Water for the walled facilities was provided
initially by an underground pipeline from a small
well and water tower in the northwestern portion
of Area C. On photography of February 1962, two
large open ditches were observed extending from
the vicinity of the processing buildings to a large
pumping/storage station near the original water
tower. By August 1963 these ditches had been
covered and an additional ditch in the same
vicinity appeared to be in an early stage
of excavation.
Ditches with offsets for expansion bends of
steam lines were also being excavated in Feb-
ruary 1962. On photography of September 1963,
similar ditches were in evidence connecting
Area C with the main power plant in Area B.
Access to Area C was provided initially by a
secondary road. The walled processing area had
two road entrances, and numerous construction
roads and trails were evident within the walls.
The new road network under construction
throughout the installation enters Area C from
the south. A branch of this network parallels
the south wall and turns north, ending in a new
area of ground scarring east of the construction
camp. On the latest photography this branch
road appears to he less prominent and little used.
Southeast and apart from the main process-
ing area are two small walled road !rail transfer
and storage compounds which have been included
in Area C for convenience in reporting. The rail
line serving the installation splits into two spurs
and ends in these two compounds. A branch of the
new road network also terminates here with a
loop through the western compound and a short
extension to the eastern compound. These com-
pounds were nonexistent in February 1Q62 and
were first observed in an early stage of con-
struction on photography of August 1963. Pho-
tography of September 1963 revealed that the
walls were complete and that two circular ob-
jects, probably storage tanks, were under con-
struction. No other structures are discernible
in this vicinity.
Dimensions and a brief description of the
most significant items in Area C, keyed to
Figure 16, are presented in Table 3.
Area D is comparatively isolated with re-
spect to the rest of the installation, being more
than 2 nm west of the closely grouped Areas A,
B, and C (Figure 4). The area is divided into two
separate but road-connected centers of activity
which for convenience in reporting are desig-
nated the northern and southern segments. The
northern segment is about one nm north-north-
east of the southern segment (Figures 19 and 20).
Of the five areas making up the installation,
construction began most recently in Area D, and
its intended function is especially difficult tode-
termine because of the early stage of construc-
tion. It does not have the appearance of a con-
ventional industrial area nor does it appear to be
designed for storage purposes. The isolated
position between industrial fabrication and pro-
cessing areas (Areas A, B, and C) and a storage
area (Area E) suggests an intermediate or
special function such as testing, but the large
buildings under construction are not, for the most
part, types of structures normally associated
with testing activities. When construction here
reaches a more advanced stage of completion, it
is very possible that Area D will provide the -key
for identifying the intended function of the en-
tire installation.
Area D was first seen on photography from
KEYHOLE Mission of August 1963 (Fig-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19: CIA-RDP78T05439A000300250048-3
TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19: CIA-RDP78T05439A000300250048-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19: CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300250048-3
TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
I I
J
TEMPORARY
\\ CONSTRUCTION HOUSING
y'
Black indicates features present
in December 1962
Red indicates construction progress
as seen August /September 1963
Road
High-quality road under construction
Wall
Wall under construction
Ditch
Steam line under construction
Building completed
Building under construction or foundation
Intermittent stream
TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19: CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300250048-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/19: CIA-RDP78TO5439A000300250048-3
TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
7