OVERSEAS MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH UNION: STRUCTURE OF AREA ADMINISTRATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 169
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 15, 1999
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: September 1, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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OVERSEAS MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH UNION:
STRUCTURE OF AREA ADMINISTRATION
Published September 1951
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Status and Administrative Organization of the French
Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1
I. Introduction .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Membership of the French Union . . . . . . . . 2
III. Central'Administration of the French Union . . . 4
V. Regional Administrative Systems of the French
Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
A. The Overseas Departments . . . . . . 8
1. Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2. Martinique, Guadeloupe, Reunion, and
French Guiana . . . . . . . . . . 12
a. Central Government . . . . . . . 12
B. Overseas Territories and Associated
Territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1. Central Government . . . . .. . . . . . 16
2.. Local Government . . . . . . . . . . . 17
C. Associated States and Protectorates . . . . 19
1. The Associated States-of Indochina . . 20
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Page
a. Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
b. Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
c. Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2. The Protectorates of Morocco and
Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21+
a. Central Government. . . . . . . . 21+
Appendixes
I. Overseas Members of the French Union (with
Principal Island Dependencies) . . . . . . . . 31
A. Overseas Departments (Departements
d' Outre -Mer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1. Algeria (Algeria). . . . . . . . . . . 33
2. French Guiana (Guyane franqaise) . . . 33
3. Guadeloupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4. Martinique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31+
5. Reunion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31+
B. Overseas Territories (Territoires
d'Outre-Mer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31+
1. Comoro Islands (Comores) . . . . . . . 31+
2. French Equatorial Africa (Afriqu3-
Equatoriale francai s e) .. . . . . . . 31.
3. French Establishments of India
(Etablissements francais de
1' Inde) . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . 35
4. French Establishments of Oceania
(Etablissements francais de
l' Oceanie) . . . . .... . . . . . . . 35
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Appendixes (Cont'd ) Page
5. French Somaliland (Cote francalse
des Somalis) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6. French West Africa (Afrique=
Occidentale francaise). . . . . . 37
7. Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8. New Caledonia (Nouvelle Caledonie et
Dependances) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9. Saint-Pierre and ,Miquelon (Saint-
Pierre et Miquelon) . . . . . . . . 40
C. Associated 'Territories (Territoires
Associes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
f 11
D.. Associated States (Etats Associes).. 41
E. Protectorates:(Protectorats) . . . . . . . 41
II. Overseas Representation in the French
Parliament and the Assembly of the
French Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
III. Representative Assemblies in the Overseas
and Associated Territories . . . . . . . . 47
IV. Administrative Divisions of Overseas Members
of the French Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
A. Overseas Departments . . . . . . . . . . . 55
1. Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
a. Department of Alger . . . . . . 55
b. Department of Constantine . . . 61
c. Department of Oran . . . . . . 66
d. Territories of the South . . . . 73
2. French Guiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3. Guadeloupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
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Appendixes (Cont'd ) Page
4. Martinique . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5 84
Reunion . . . . .
B. Overseas Territories . . . . . . . . . . . 86
1. Comoro Islands . . . . . . . . . . . 86
2. French Equatorial Africa . . . . . . 87
a. Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
b. Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
c. Middle Congo . . . . . . . . . . 93
d. Ubangi-Shari . . . . . . . . . . 95
3. French Establishments of India . . . 98
4. French Establishments of Oceania . . 100
5. French Somaliland . . . . . . . . . . 104
6. French West Africa . . . . . . . . . 105
a. Dahomey . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
b. French Guinea . . . . . . . . . 108
c. French Sudan . . . . . . . ... . 110
d. Ivory Coast . . . . . . . . . . 112
e. Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . 115
f. Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
g. Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
h. Upper Volta . . . . . . . . . . 121
7. Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
8. New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . 128
9. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon . . . . . . 131
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Appendixes (Cont'd ) Page
C. Associated Territories . .. . . . . . . . . 132
1. French Cameroons . . . . . . . . . . 132
2. French Togoland . . . . . . . . . . . 136
D. Associated States of Indochina . . . . . . 137
1. Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
2. Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3. Vietnam: North Vietnam (Tonkin). . . 140
Vietnam: Central Vietnam (Annam) 141
Vietnam: South Vietnam(Cochinchina). 143
E. Protectorates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
1. Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
a. Region of Agadir . . . . . . . . 145
b. Region of Casablanca . . . . . . 147
c. Region of F6s . . . . . . . . . 150
d. Region of Marrakech . . . . . . 153
e. Region of Meknes . . . . . . . . 156
f. Region of Oujda . . . . . . . . 159
g. Region of Rabat . . . . . . . . 160
2. Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Following page
The French Union (CIS 11735) . . . . . ... . . . . . 2
Indochina (CIA 12129) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
This study has not been coordinated. with the intelligence organi-
zations of the Departments of State, the Army, the Navy, and the
Air Force.
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PREFACE
The present report was compiled because several US Govern-
ment agencies dealing with maps and geographic names have felt
the need for detailed information on the present administrative
status of various French dependencies in view of radical changes
that have occurred since 1945. The former concept of a colonial
empire has been replaced by the concept of a union of states
and territories -- a union which nevertheless retains many
centralist features. In many cases the legal relationships
of the different areas to metropolitan France and to each
other are highly complicated. Because the new system is still
in an evolutionary stage the relationships, in some respects,
are not well defined. Many of the postwar changes are more
apparent than real.
The report confines itself to a brief factual description of
the central governmental organs of the French Union, the status
of the individual overseas areas in the Union, the governmental
structure of the individual areas, and the internal administra-
tive divisions of each. No evaluation of the Union or of the way
in which it functions is attempted, nor are political develop-
ments in regard to the Union discussed. For these aspects of
the question, the reader is referred to OIR Report No. 4744,
15 August 1950.
The four appendixes to the present report provide informa-
tion on the individual overseas members of the French Union. In
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order that they may be used separately if the need arises, the
appendixes are arranged in tabular form for ready reference and
are fully documented.
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STATUS AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION
OF THE FRENCH UNION
The term "French Union" was first used in the declaration
of the French Government dated 24 March 1945, which proclaimed
the Indochinese Federation an integral part of such a union.
The "Union" was not finally defined and established, however,
until the adoption of the Constitution of the Fourth French Re-
public on 27 October_1946.1 Title VIII of the Constitution pro-
vided the general framework for an entirely new relationship
between France and her overseas dependencies but left most of
the administrative details to organic laws or later decisions.
The governmental regime of the French Union is a complex
combination of centralism and federalism. Although the over-
seas populations have been granted a greater opportunity for
self-government than they formerly held, the centralized con-
trol from Paris still dominates. The seat of authority remains
in the essentially metropolitan institutions of France. No
territory can secede from the Union or change its status within
the Union without permission of the Parliament. Final authority
1. Constitution of the French Republic, 27 October 1946;.Jour-
nal Officiel de la Re ubli ue Francaise, Lois at Decrets, 28
October 1946, pp. 9166-9175. Hereafter this journal will be
referred to as Jl. Of.
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on the basic local statute of each overseas area resides in the
French Government in Paris, although the Assembly cf the French
Union and the appropriate local assembly are first consulted.
France remains indisputably sovereign.
The element of decentralization is achieved through the
three organs of the French Union set up by the Constitution:
the Presidency, the High Council, and the Assembly of the French
Union. Although the powers of these organs are meager at present,
and although one of them, the High Council, has not yet held its
first session, the institutions within which a measure of self-
government may gradually be developed have been established.
II. MEMBERSHIP OF THE FRENCH UNION
According to Article 60 of the Constitution, the French
Union comprises metropolitan France (European France, including
Corsica), the overseas departments and territories, and the
associated territories and states, whereas the French Republic
includes only metropolitan France and the overseas departments
and territories. Associated territories are administered as
part of the French Republic, although they are territories
under UN trusteeships. A list of the overseas members of the
French Union is given in Appendix I. and their locations are
shown on map CIA 11735?
The overseas departments (dapartements d'outre-mer) are
political entities having, with some exceptions determined by
law, the same legislative regime as departments of metropolitan
France.
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The overseas territories (territoi,res d'outre-mer) are the
former French colonies. Their individual statutes and internal
organization are fixed by law upon the advice of the Assembly of
the French Union and after consultation with the territorial
assemblies concerned.
The associated territories (territoires associes) are the
trust territories, the administration of which is based on trustee-
ship agreements approved by the United Nations and incorporated
in French law by decree. According to the French view they are
associated territories within the French Union, but the UN
Trusteeship Couriil has not gone on record as agreeing with this
view.
The associated states (etats associes) are, for the most
part, former protectorates. The position of each in the French
Union is based upon treaty or agreement between the individual
state and France. It is the intention eventually to transform
all of the protectorates into associated states, but no steps
have been taken in this direction in the cases of French Morocco
and Tunisia. These two entities retain their status as French
protectorates acquired by virtue of treaties and agreements
made in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The French Union is founded on the principle of evolution.
The status of members is not fixed but is subject to change as
a region progresses or retrogresses in its ability to govern
itself and manage its own affairs. According to Article 75 of
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the Constitution, the status of any member may be modified or may
change from one category to another by a single law passed by
Parliament after consultation with the territorial. assembly and
the Assembly of the French Union. For example, an overseas
territory may be raised to the rank of department or associated
state. This process is known as "assimilation.."
III. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE FRENCH UNION
A distinction is made in the French Constitu-5ion between
the institutions of the French Republic and those of the French
Union. All members of the French Union except tho associated
states are represented in organs of both the French Republic
and the French Union. The associated states send delegates to
organs of the French Union but not to those of tha French
Republic.
The principal organs of the French Republic are (1) the
Presidency (Pre'sidence); (2) the Council of Ministers or
Cabinet (Conseil des Ministers); (3) the Parliament (Parlement),
consisting of the National Assembly (Assemblee Ne.tionale) and
the Council of the Republic (Conseil de la Republique); and
(4) the Economic Council (Conseil Economique). Of these, the
most significant from the point of view of members of the
French Union is the Parliament. This is the most important
body in which the French dependencies are represented because,
unlike organs of the French Union proper, it has legislative
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powers.' Parliament alone may legislate with regard to penal law,
civil liberties, and political-administrative organization in the
-overseas areas.
The central organs of the French Union are (1) the Presidency
(Presidence), (2) the High Council (Haut Conseil), and (3) the
Assembly (Assemblee).
The presidency is the only branch of the French Union that
is not separate from organs of the French Republic. The President
of the Republic is also the President of the French Union, but
he serves in different capacities in the two organizations.
According to Article 61i of the Constitution, the President
represents the "permanent interests" of the Union. In consulta-
tion with the Cabinet, he appoints the governing officials of
the overseas territories.
The High Council of the French Union is as yet inoperative.
When established, its functions will be to assist the Government
in the general conduct of the affairs of the Union, to coordinate
means of defense, and to serve as a liaison organ between the
associated states and protectorates and the French Government.
It will be empowered to deliberate but not to make decisions
of obligatory force.
The powers and functions of the Assembly of the French
Union are purely consultative, since all legislative power
in the overseas territories belongs to the Parliament. Some of
the functions of the Assembly concern the whole French Union,
whereas others affect more particularly the overseas members.
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An enumeration of overseas representation in the three most
important organs of the French Republic and French 'Union -- the
two houses of Parliament and the Assembly of the French Union --
is given in Appendix II.
IV. STATUS OF RESIDENTS OF THE FRENCH UNION
From the point of view of the natives of the overseas areas,
one of the most important reforms introduced by the Union is the
guarantee to all former subjects of French citizenship, with all
of its political, economic, and social rights. This reform was
accomplished by a law of 7 May 1916, which became effective
1 June 191+6,1 and the principle was reiterated in Article 80
of the Constitution. Natives of overseas departments and
territories have the same status of citizenship as Frenchmen
of metropolitan France. In addition, all French nationals
and residents of the French Union have citizenship in the
French Union, which insures them the enjoyment of the rights
and liberties guaranteed by the preamble of the Constitution.
In the case of the associated states and protectorates,
citizenship in the French Union does not necessarily insure
political rights or French nationality. The statue of resi-
dents of the associated states must be decided by agreements
'between the individual states and France.
1. Law No. 1+6-91+0, 7 May 1946, Jl. Of., 8 May 1946, p. 3888.
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Natives of the two associated territories of Togoland and
Cameroons have no specific nationality because both are governed
in accordance with trusteeship agreements between the United
Nations and France. French nationality, however, may be ac-
quired by naturalization.
In spite of the guarantee of French citizenship contained
in the Constitution, a distinction still is made between citizens
of French status and citizens of local status, which corresponds
in part to the former distinction between "citizens" and "non-
citizens.." Natives, such as Moslems, do not have French civil
status, but along with the rights of French citizenship they
may retain their special local status.. Most overseas and
associated territories have two electoral colleges, one of
citizens with French status and the other of citizens of local
status.
V. REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS OF THE FRENCH UNION
Regional administrative systems of the French Union are
discussed according to the following three groups, each of which
includes areas with basically the same type of administration:
'(l) the overseas departments, (2) the overseas territories and
associated territories, and (3) the protectorates and associated
states. A complete list of the overseas areas in the French
Union and their administrative subdivisions is given in Appendix III.
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A. The Overseas Departments
The overseas departments are the three Algerian departments
and the former colonies of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, and
French Guiana. With a few exceptions determined by law, they
are administered by the Ministry of the Interior (Ministere de
l'Interieur) according to the system in force in netropolitan
France.
The departments of Algeria together form the largest and
most important of the overseas departments. For this reason
and because the political structure and administration of the
departments differ so widely from those of the other depart-
ments, Algeria is considered separately in this report. The
other four departments are discussed as a unit.
1. Algeria
a. Central Government
A special administration for Algeria was instituted in
September 1947, when the National Assembly passed the much
disputed Statute of Algeria.l According to Article 1 of the
Statute, Algeria is a group of departments endowed with civil
rights, financial autonomy, and the particular organization
defined in the Statute.
1. Law No. 47-1853, 20 September 1947, promulgating
the organic
Statute of Algeria, Jl. Of., 21 September 1947, jp.
9470-9474.
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The.. head of the government of Algeria is the Governor General
(Gouverneur General). He is appointed by the President of the
Republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers upon the
recommendation of the Minister of the Interior. The Governor
General is responsible to the French Ministry of the Interior.
The powers.of .the Governor General are broad, but he is not
declared to be the "depositary of the powers of the Republic,".,
as are representatives of the central government in the overseas
territories and groups of territories (Article 76 of the Con-
stitution).
The Governor General is assisted by a Secretary General
(Secretaire General du Gouvernement), who replaces the Gover-
nor General in case of his absence or impeachment.
Attached to the office of the Governor General is a
Council of Government) which serves the Governor General in a
consultative capacity and is responsible for the execution
of decisions of the Algerian Assembly. The Council is com-
posed of six members elected for 1-year terms and meets at
least once a month.
The principal innovation of the Statute of Algeria was
the creation of an Algerian Assembly with more than consultative
powers, which replaces the former Superior Governmental Council
1. Instituted by Article 7 of the'Statute of Algeria, and fur-
ther regulated by Decree No. 4+8-1158, 22 July 1948, J1. Of.,
22 July 1948, p. 7158.
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(Conseil Superieur de Gouvernement) and the Assembly of Financial
Delegations (Assemblee des Delegations Financferes). General
legislation is the most important function of the Assembly. To-
gether with the Governor General, the Assembly is responsible
for legislation concerning the special interests of Algeria.
The Governor General and the Assembly have joint initiative
regarding expenditure's and taxation, and the Assembly votes on-
the budget, which has previously been prepared by the Governor
General with the approval of the Minister of Interior and
Finance in Paris.
b. Local Government
Local government in Algeria is patterned after that in
European (metropolitan) France.
Northern Algeria is divided into three departments --
Alger, Constantine, and Oran. Each department is administered
by a Prefect (Prefet), assisted by a Prefectural Council (Conseil
de Prefecture), an elective General Council (Conseil General),
and two secretaries general -- one for administration and the
other for police and economic affairs. Although the prefects
of the Algerian departments, like those of France, are appointed
and replaced by the Ministry of the Interior in Paris, they are
responsible directly to the Governor General rather, than to the
central government.
The Algerian departments are divided into arrondissements,
under the direction of sub-prefects (sous-prefets.; The arrondisse-
ments, in turn, are subdivided into communes. There are no
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cantons in Algeria. Communes are of two types -= full communes
(communes de plein exercice) and mixed communes (communes
mixtes) Mixed communes include both centers of French
colonization and native tribes of a comparatively low stage
of economic, social, and political development. The Statute
of. Algeria provides for the gradual abolition of mixed communes,
but as yet no decree abolishing a mixed commune has been issued.
Communes are practically identical to those of France and are
administered by mayors (maires) or other civil administrators
assisted by staffs of administrators and elected municipal
councils (conseils municipaux).
The four immense,territories of southern Algeria are known
collectively as the Territories of the South (Territoires du.
Sud). The Statute of Algeria states that the special form of
government of the Territories of the South is abolished and
that these territories are to be considered in the same category
as the departments of Alger, Constantine, and Oran. A law
to be enacted by the Algerian Assembly will determine whether
the territories, in whole or in part, are to be constituted
as departments or whether they are to be integrated into the
departments already existing. In February 1950 the Algerian
Assembly voted in favor of a proposal to enlarge the three
northern departments by incorporating parts of the Territories
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of the South into each of them. The French National Assembly;
however, has not yet acted on this proposal.1
The four Territories of the South are at present under
military administration, each under a Commandant (Commandant
de Territoire). Each territory is divided into mixed communes
(communes mixtes), native communes (communes indigenes), annexes,
and postes. The Commandant, whose position in relation to a
territory is analogous to.that.of a prefect to his department,
is. responsible to the Governor General.
2. Martinique, Guadeloupe, Reunion, and French Guiana
a. Central Government
By Law of 19 March 1946,2 Martinique, Guadeloupe, Reunion,
and French Guiana were raised from the status of colonies to that
of departments of France. Since 1946, metropolitan legislation
regarding administration, economic regulations, education, justice,
etc., has gradually been extended to the overseas departments, but
the transition is still not complete. Laws applicable to metro-
politan France promulgated since 19 March 1946 have applied
automatically to the four departments.
1. 'A bill dealing with the proposed administrative reorganization
of the Southern Territories.was introduced in the National Assembly
in April 1951.' See Appendix IV.
2. Law No. 46-451, 19 March 1946, Jl. Of., 20 March 1946, p. 2294.
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By Decree of 7 June 19471 the provisions of the prefectural
law of metropolitan France were extended to the new departments and
on 1 July 1.947 the four governors were replaced by prefects.2 The
prefects'are responsible to the French Ministry of the Interior
and have been granted the powers and duties formerly held by the
governors and privy councils.1, 3 Each is assisted by a secre-
tary general (secretaire general de prefecture) and by a cabinet
director (directeur de cabinet). In Guadeloupe the prefect is
assisted also by a sub-prefect (sous-prefet).4
Since 1 January 1948 the administrative services of the four
departments, all of which were formerly responsible to the Min-
istry of Overseas France, have been placed under the authority
of the appropriate ministries in Paris, according to the system
in force in metropolitan France. The metropolitan judicial
regulations were made applicable to the overseas departments by
a decree of 25 October 1947, effective 1 January 1948.5
The four former colonies thus have been given equal status
with the rest of France in educational, health, and other social
1.
Decree No. 47-1018, 7 June 1947, J1. Of., 8 June 1947, p. 5262.
2.
Law No. 47-1327, 18 July 1947 (retroactive to 1 July 1947), J1.
Of.,
19 July 1947, p. 6918.
3. Decree No. 47-2252, 1 November 1947, J1. Of., 23 November 1947,
p. 11576.
4. Decree No. 47-2252, 1 November 1947, J1. Of., 23 November 1947,
P. 11576.
5. Decree No. 47-1573, 25 August 1947, J1. Of., 26 August 1947, pp.
8442-8444.
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services and in judicial organization. Actually there has been no
fundamental change in administration, since the fo_mer colonies
of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Reunion, and French Guiana had long
had-their own assemblies, held seats in both houses of Parlia-
.ment,eand been organized administratively in much the same
manner as the French departments.
As in metropolitan France, there is a General Council
(Conseil General) in each department, which operates under the
French law of 10 August 1871 concerning French general councils.
In actual practice, powers and functions of the general councils
.differ little from those of the assemblies of the overseas
territories.
The interior portion of French Guiana is termed the
territory of Inini. The status of Inini has been under study,
but at present it does not appear to be considered part of the
department of Guiana, which is confined to the coe.stal area.
The prefect of Guiana acts as governor of Inini, End the heads
of the administrative departments are the same for the two
areas.. The representatives of the department of Guiana in
Paris also act as representatives of Inini.
b. Local Government
Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana are divided adminis-
tratively into arrondissements, cantons, and communes, as in
metropolitan France. Reunion, according to latest information
available, consists of one zone divided into comnines and one
territory divided into localities.
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B. Overseas Territories and Associated Territories
For the purpose of this report, the administrative structures
of the French overseas territories and associated territories
are being considered together because the two are administered
in practically the same manner, even though the former are
members of the French Republic and the latter are territories
under UN trusteeship. The overseas territories and federations
of territories include: (1) the Comoro Islands, (2) French
Equatorial Africa, (3) the French Establishments of India,
(4) the French Establishments of Oceania, (5) French Somaliland,
(6) French West Africa, (7) Madagascar, (8) New Caledonia, and
(9) Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. The French Cameroons and French
Togoland are the only associated or trust territories.
French administration of the Cameroons and Togoland is based
on Trusteeship Agreements approved by the United Nations on
13 December 1946 and made a part of French law by Decree of
27 January 1948.1 There is no special law incorporating the
trust territories in the French Union, but French legislation
is applied to them by virtue of Article 4 of each Trusteeship
Agreement, which stipulates that "... the administering authority
shall have full powers of legislation, administration and juris-
diction in the Territory and shall administer it in accordance
with French law as an integral part of French territory, subject
1. Decree No.748-152, 27 January 1948, J1. Of., 29 January 1948,
pp. 926-929.
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to the provisions of the Charter [of the United Nations and of
this agreement; ..." The territories are granted the rights and
freedoms guaranteed by the French Constitution.
1. Central Government
Supervision of both the associated territories and the
overseas territories is exercised by the Ministry of Overseas
France. The executive power in the French Establishments of
Oceania, French Somaliland, and New Caledonia rests with a
Governor. In the federations of territories of French Equatorial
Africa and French West Africa the powers of the Government are
represented by a Governor General, to whom the individual terri-
torial Governors are responsible. Executive power in the other
territories is vested in the officials listed below:
Comoro Islands -- Superior Administrator (Administrateur
Superieur)
French Cameroon and French Togoland -- High Commissioner of
the Republic (Haut Commissaire de la Republique), for each
French Establishment of India -- Commissioner of the Re-
public (Commissaire de la Republique)
Madagascar- High Commissioner of the Republic, Governor
General of the Republic (Haut Commissaire de la Re-
publique, Gouverneur General de la Republique), usually
known simply as the Governor General
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon -- Administrator (Administrateur)
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The Superior Administrator of the Comoro Islands, like
other chief administrators, is directly responsible to the
Ministry of Overseas France but also is required to send copies
of his political reports to the Governor General of Madagascar
to keep him currently informed on the general situation of the
.Comoro Islands.
The administrative head of the territorial government in
most cases is assisted by a Secretary General (Secretaire
General) and a Privy Council (Conseil Prive). The French
Establishments in India have a Government Council (Conseil de
Gouvernement) in place of a Privy Council.
In each of the overseas and associated territories there
is a local representative assembly. In the federations of
French Equatorial Africa and French West Africa there are also
Grand Councils (Grands Conseils), which manage interests common
to the territories of the group. Appendix III lists the territorial
assemblies and cites the decrees under which they were estab-
lished.
2. Local Government
Names of the territorial divisions and subdivisions of the
overseas and associated territories differ. A complete list of
the official names for the various territories is given in
Appendix IV. The principal divisions are variously known as
(1) regions, subdivided into districts or subdivisions (as in
French Equatorial Africa and the Cameroons); (2) cercles, broken
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down into subdivisions (French West Africa and Togoland); (3)
provinces, subdivided into circonscriptions and districts
(Madagascar); and (4) free cities (French Establishments of
India).. Lower in rank are administrative units such as communes,
cantons, and administrative postes and villages.
European officials administer the principal divisions and
subdivisions, and native'chiefs administer the cantons and
villages. All of the administrators are appointed by the head
of the territory, often, as in the case of the local chief, in
accord with local custom. Most of the administrative sub-
divisions have local councils or assemblies on which the native
inhabitants are represented.
On the communal level, there are, four special types of
communes in the overseas and associated territories in addition
to simple communes:
(1)
Communes de plain exercice, which are slightly
lower than simple communes in rank, are found in Senegal,
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, the French Establishments of India,
and the French Establishments of Oceania.. They are administered
by administrator-mayors (administrateurs-maires).
(2) Communes de moyen exercise may be created in French
West Africa by the Governor General upon the advice of the Grand
Council.1 They are administered by mayors (maireE.) and municipal
1. Decree No. 47-2257, 26 November 1947, J1. Of.. 27 November
1947, p? 11737.
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councils (conseils municipaux). After a-year period a commune
de moyen exercice may be raised to the rank of commune de plein
exercice if its development justifies the change.
(3)
Communes mixtes are established in the less well-
developed regions that also contain centers of foreign settlement.
They are administered by municipal commissions (commissions
municipaux),
(4) Communes indigenes are similar to communes mixtes
but are established in slightly more backward areas that have no
centers of foreign settlement.
C. Associated States and Protectorates.
The associated states of Vietnam, Laos., and Cambodia and
the French protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia are classed
together in this report because it is the stated intention
eventually to raise all of the protectorates to the category
of associated states within the French Union. In the latter,
native governments are still under the "protection" of French
administration. The associated states, with the exception
of the part of Vietnam that was formerly the colony of
Coohinchina, were all protectorates until 1946. Detailed
provisions for the relationship of the associated states with
France were not contained in the Constitution but were left to
be worked out by individual treaty or agreement between each
state and France. The associated states are not represented in
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the French Parliament but may, within the limits and conditions
fixed by their internal laws and acts, determine how and to what
extent they will be represented in the organs of tae French Union.
Agreements recognizing them as associated states in the French
Union have been signed with Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam and have
been approved by the.French Parliament.
1. The Associated States of Indochina
Until 19+6 the federation of Indochina consisted of five
states -- the colony Qf Cochinchina and the protectorates of
Annam, Cambodia, Tonkin, and Laos. Indochina at present is
composed of the associated states of Vietnam, Cambodia, and
Laos (see map CIA 12129). Vietnam includes Tonkin (now named
North Vietnam), Annam (now Central Vietnam), and Cochinchina
(now South Vietnam).1 The Government of the United States and
several other governments have granted deplomatic recognition
to each of the three-associated states.
It appears more accurate at present to consider Indochina
as a regional name rather than the name of a political entity.
The Indochinese Federation, as a formal union, is still in the
process of being dissolved, but remnants of the federation still
exist in the form of the Higr Commissioner's office and certain
1. Not until 4 June 19+9 did Cochinchina cease to be an over-
seas territory and become incorporated in the associated state of
Vietnam. Law No. 49-733, 4 June 1949, Jl. Of., 5 June 1949,
p. 5502.
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/
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common: administrative organs. Provision was made in the agree-
ments reached at the, Pau Conference in 1950 for the establish-
ment of a customs union and.for joint coordinating agencies for
communications, immigration, economic development, common use
of the Mekong River and the port of Saigon, and matters of
currency and,finance.
The representative of the French Union in.Indochina is
the High Commissioner (Haut Commissaire), who is responsible
to the Ministry of Overseas France. Powers of the High Commis-
sioner were defined by Decree of 27 March 1947.1 Like territorial
governors, he is the depositary of the powers of the Government
of the French Republic, and, as such, he possesses all French
civil and military authority in Indochina.
The High Commissioner is assisted by a Secretary General
(appointed by decree issued in the Council of Ministers),
whom he may delegate all or part of his powers and who replaces
the High Commissioner in his absence. The High Commissioner is
also assisted by a Government. Council (Conseil de Gouvernement).
In each of the associated states.of Indochina the High
Commissioner is represented by a Commissioner of the Republic
(Commissaire de la Republique) and provincial and other French
1. Decree No. 47-559,. 27 March 1947, Jl. Of., 28 March 1947,
p. 2879. The High Commissioner's powers with reference to de-
fense and security are described in unnumbered decree, 27.March
1947, J1. Of., 29 March 1947, pp. 2910-2911.'
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officials of lower rank. It is planned that the three French
Commissioners of Cochinchina, Annam, and Tonkin will be re-
placed by a single French Commissioner for Vietnam as a whole.
a. Vietnam
By a Preliminary Convention of 6 March 1946 the French
Government recognized the Vietnam Republic as a free state
having its own governmi nt, parliament, army, and finances. Viet-
nam, however, remains within the Indochinese Federation and the
French Union. In an agreement signed 5 June 1948, France for-
mally recognized the independence of Vietnam within the frame-
work of the French Union, and Vietnam proclaimed its adherence
to the French Union in the capacity of an associated state and
pledged itself to achieve unity.
The relations between Vietnam and France were finally
defined by an agreement of 8 March 1949, which was approved by
the French National Assembly on 2 February 1950. The agreement
provided that Vietnam should possess all the rights of an
independent state with internal sovereignty. Powers previously
exercised by the French administration have been transferred to
Vietnam. The agreement further stipulated that Vietnam should
have a national army, consisting of Vietnamese troops and officers,
and a foreign policy coordinated by the French Government by
means of the High Council of the French Union, on which Vietnam
will be represented. Vietnam is to possess a diplomatic corps,
the right to send and receive ambassadors, to negotiate and
conclude treaties, and to become a member of the United Nations.
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b. Laos
The relationship of France with the associated state of
Laos is defined by letters of 25 November 1947 and 14 January 1948
exchanged between the President of the French Republic and the
King of Laos and by a French-Laos agreement signed in Paris on
19 July 1949 and ratified by the National Assembly on 2 February
1950.1 According to the agreement, the French Government recog-
nized Laos as an independent state voluntarily associated with
France within the French Union.
It was agreed that Laos is to have a national army composed
of French and Laotian forces. It may send diplomatic representa-
tives to all governments in Indochina and, with the consent of
France, maintain diplomatic relationships with foreign countries.
France is to give Laos economic aid and technical advice.
c. Cambodia
A French-Cambodian treaty was signed on 8 November 1949 to
replace the provisional modus vivendi of 7 January 1946, by which
France recognized Cambodia as an. autonomous state within the
Indochinese Federation and an associated state within the French
Union. This agreement, like those with the other two associated
states of Indochina, was ratified by the French Parliament on
2 February 1950.
1. Despatch No. 710,. American Embassy at Paris, 2 August. 1949.
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The French-Cambodian agreement is similar to that reached
between France and Vietnam. Cambodia is to have a national army,
which may be assisted by forces of the French Union in defending
the Cambodian frontiers. Like Vietnam, Cambodia will send
delegates to the High Council of the French Union and will send
and receive diplomatic missions.
2. The Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia
a. Central Government
In the protectorate of Morocco the protected power is a
sultanate,known as the Sherifian Empire;, in Tunisia, it is a
beylik, or regency. In both there are two parallel administra-
tive heirarchies, the French and the native, with resultant
complexity in administrative organizations.
The French zone in Morocco is the largest of the four
zones into which the Sherifian Empire is divided. The other
three zones are the international zone of Tangier; the northern
zone of the Spanish protectorate, lying along the Mediterranean;
and the southern zone of the Spanish protectorate, which is in
the extreme south of Morocco and is administered as part of
Spanish Sahara (Rio de Oro). In addition, there is the small
enclave of Ifni on the Atlantic coast which is under Spanish
sovereignty. The Sultan is represented in the Spanish zones by
a caliph, but the actual authority is exercised by a Spanish
government headed by a high commissioner. The government of
Tangier consists of an international assembly of which the mendoub A
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(representing the Sultan) is ex officiQ president, a committee
of control composed of consuls general of different countries,
an administrator, and various subordinate administrative of-
ficials.
The political organization of French Morocco is based on
the Protectorate Treaty between France and the Sultan of
Morocco signed at Fez on 30 March 1912 and promulgated by
French Decree of 20 July 1912. The French protectorate in
Tunisia was instituted, and is still regulated by,.the Treaty
of Kassar-Said, dated 12 May 1881.
Although the.Sultan and Bey are normally the rulers of
Morocco and Tunisia, respectively, each government is actual-
ly under the direction of the French Foreign Office. During
the past 4 years, however, reforms have been initiated to
give more power to the native government and include more
natives in the administration of public affairs.
Effective control in each protectorate is exercised by a
French Resident General (Resident General) responsible directly
to the French Foreign Office. As depositary of all the
powers of the French Republic, he is responsible for the
control and administration of the state and for its diplomatic
interests and foreign affairs.
The Resident General in each protectorate is assisted
by a Delegate to the Residency General (Delegue a la Resi-
dence Generale), a Secretary General, and by civil, political,
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and military cabinets. In addition, the Morroccan Resident
General has a political secretariat, and the Tunisian Resident
General has a technical cabinet.
In Morocco the native government of the Sherifian Empire
is known as the Makhsen. It is headed by the sultan, who is
nominally the absolute sovereign and as such is the supreme
civil and religious authority. Until the institution of sev-
eral administrative reforms in 1947, his temporal powers had
been reduced to a point where practically all were exercised
by representatives of the French Government, but the preroga-
tives of the sultan as supreme religious authority have always
been preserved. On 21 June 1947 the Makhsen Government was
reorganized by three edicts (dahirs),1designed to permit the
high Sherifian officials to participate to a greater extent
in the administration of the country and to facilitate co-
operation between French and Moroccan elements.
In Tunisia the native sovereign is the Bey. He is
assisted by six ministers, who serve as heads of departments.
Because of the monarchal character of the native adminis-
tration of the Moroccan and Tunisian states, by which all
legislative, executive,and judicial powers belong to the
1. Dahir concerning the reorganization of the central Makhsen
Government, dahir creating a Council of Viziers and Directors,
and dahir relative to the Council of Viziers. Bulletin
Official [Morocco], No. 810, 4 July 1947, pp. 630-631.
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sovereign, there are no legislative assemblies with more than
advisory capacity. In Morocco there are two principal coun-
cils: the Council of Directors (Conseil des Directeurs) and
the Government Council (Conseil du Gouvernement); in Tunisia
there are three: the Council of Ministers (Conseil des
Ministres), the Grand Council (Grand Conseil), and the
Superior Council (Conseil Superieur). These councils are
composed mainly of government officials, although some of
them are in part representative in character.
b. Local Government
The regional organizations within Morocco and Tunisia
are roughly similar, but the system is more complex in
Morocco. For this reason, the local governments of the two
protectorates are discussed separately.
(1) Morocco
Morocco is divided into seven regions,' three of which
are under civil control and four under military control.
Regions, in turn, are subdivided into urban territories
(territoires urbains), municipalities (municipalites),
territories (territoires), cercles, circonscriptions, annexes,
and postes.
1. Arrete residential modifiant l'arrete residentiel du
19 septembre 1940 relatif a 11organisation territoriale de
la zone francaise de ltEmpire cherifien, 15 February 1949
Lffective l 'March 1949. Empire Cherifien, Protectorat
de la Republique Francaise au Maroc, Bulletin Officiel,
18 February 1949, p. 201.
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The civil regions, which are more highly developed than
the military, are under civil controllers (controleurs civils);
military regions are under officers of native affairs (officiers
d'affaires indigenes). Some civil regions include one or
more administrative divisions under military control that
are responsible to the regional civil controller. Similarly,
some military regions include territorial subdivisions under
civil control. Powers and duties of the two classes of
administrators are essentially the same, except that ad-
ministrators of military regions have military as well as ad-
ministrative authority over their regions and act as interme-
diaries between chiefs of administrative divisions within their
areas and the central government. Administrators of both types
have at their disposal regional administrative services, which
are responsible to their respective governmental bureaus in
Rabat. This line of authority insures unity of action on the
regional level.
Municipalities and urban territories are cities with
special administrations. They are responsible in some matters
directly to the central government at Rabat and in others
(through the administrative divisions in which they are
located) to the regional chiefs.
Territories, which are the major non-urban geographic
areas of a region, are responsible to the chiefs of the
regions. They may be administered as a whole or divided into
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cercles, circonscriptions, annexes, postgs, or almost any
combinations of the four which meet local needs.
Cercles are normally part of and responsible to terri-
tories, but occasionally they are responsible directly to
regions. Cercles may be subdivided into circonscriptions,
annexes, or postes, or all three.
The structure of provincial Moroccan native organization
also has been retained. Just as the civil and military con-
trollers represent the protectorate, caids, appointed by the
Sultan with the assistance of one or more khalifs, represent
the Makhsen in the native tribes, or caidats. The caids are
supervised by French officials of the administrative division
in which they are located. Fractions of tribes, or cheikhats,
are administered by cheikhs, and settlements by pashas.'
(2) Tunisia
Northern Tunisia is divided into areas designated as
civil controls (controles civils), which are broken down into
caidats and further subdivided into cheikhats. Southern
Tunisia consists of one region, which is subdivided into mili-
tary cercles. Until 1 July 1947, all of Tunisia was divided
into regions. On that date all except the southern region of
Gabes were abolished.)
The civil controls are administered by civil controllers
(controllurs civils), who, like the administrators of the
1. Department of State Despatch No. 237, Tunis, 21 May 1947.
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regions of Morocco, represent the French Government within their
areas of control. They are assisted by native caids, cheikhs,
kahias, and khalifs, whose offices are survivals of the former
Tunisian regime. Modifications and improvements in adminis-
tration have been effected by which the basic Tunisian divi-
sions, the caidat and the cheikhat, have lost their pre-
dominantly ethnic character and have become territorial.
The essential features of the former system, however, have
been preserved.
The military cercles of the southern region correspond
to the civil controls of the north. They are administered
by officers of native affairs (officiers des affaires
indigenes), whose duties are analogous to those of the
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OVERSEAS MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH UNION
(WITH PRINCIPAL ISLAND DEPENDENCIES)
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OVERSEAS MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH UNION
(WITH PRINCIPAL ISLAND DEPENDENCIES)'
A. Overseas Departments (Departements d'Outre-Mer)
1. Algeria (Algerie)
Departments
Alger
Constantine
Oran
Territories of the South2
2. French Guiana (Guyane francaise)
Territory of Inini3
3. Guadeloupe
Islands
Basse-Terre ) 2 islands which together
form
Grande-Terre) Guadeloupe
Petite-Terre
Marie Galante
Les Saintes
La Desirade
1. See map CIA 11735, following p. 2 of the main text. If French
names of principal entities differ from the English, they are
given in parentheses. The Anglo-French condominium of the New
Hebrides is not included in this list, because it is not a member
of the French Union.
2. The Territories of the South were abolished by the Statute of
Algeria, 20 September 1947, but a law defining their status has
not yet been enacted. See p. 11 of the main text.
3. See p. 14 of the main text.
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
3. French Establishments of India,(Etablissements francais
de 1'Inde)
Free cities'
Karikal
Mahe'
Pondichery
Yanaon
4. French Establishments of Oceania (Etablissements francais
de 1'Oceanie)
Islands
Marquesas Islands:
Efao (Mane')
Nuku-Hiva
Ua-Uka (Ua-Huka, Houa Ouka)
No-Tu
Ua-Pu (Ouapou)
Hiva-Oa
Taouhata (Tahuata)
Fatou-Hiva (Fatu-Hiva)
Montane (Saint-Pierre)
Fatu-Huku
1. By individual decrees of 7 and 17 November 1947 (the same de-
crees as those establishing municipal assemblies, cited in Appendix
III), each establishment was raised to the rank of a free city with
administrative and financial autonomy.
On 29 June 1949 the French Government concluded an agreement
with the Government of India pledging itself to leave the French
Establishments of India free to decide, by popular referenda, whether
to remain free cities in the French Union or merge with India.
Chandernagor, where the first referendum was held on 19 June 1949,
voted against remaining in the French Union and was transferred to
India on a de facto basis on 2 May 1950. Referenda in the other
areas have been postponed.
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Tuamotu Archipelago
Makatea
Tikei
Rekareka
Fakarava
Gambier Islands
Mangareva
Tara-Val (Taravai)
Au-Keina
Aka-Maru (Akamaru)
Society Islands (Iles de la Societe)
Leeward Islands (Iles Sous-le-Vent)
Huahine
Raiatea
Tahaa
Borabora (Faa-Nui)
Motu-Iti (Tupuai)
Maupiti
Mopelia
Bellingshausen
Scilly
Windward Island (Ilea du Vent)
Tahiti
Moorea (Eimeo)
Maehetia
- 36 -
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Tubuai-Manu (Toubouai Manou, Mai_ao-Iti)
Tetiarora
Austral Islands (Archipel Tubuai, or Toubouai)
Maria (Hull)
Rimatara
Rurutu (Rouroutou)
Tubuai (Toubouai)
Rai.vavae (Raevavae, Vavitou)
Rapa (Rapa-Iti)
Clipperton Island
5? French Somaliland (C6te francaise des Somalis)
6. French West Africa (Afrique-Occidentale franc~aise)
Territories
Dahomey
French Guinea (Guinee fran,aise)
French Sudan (Soudan franSais)
Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire)
Mauritania (Mauritanie)
Niger
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Senegal (Sene'gal)1
Upper Volta (Haute-Volta)2
Madagascar
The island of Madagascar and the following islands:3
Glorious Islands
Glorious
L'Ile du Lys
Les Roches Vertes
Nossi-]Se/
-
1. The former circonscription of Dakar was reunited with Senegal
by Decree No. 46-1108 of 17 May 1946, effective 1 July 1946 (ii. Of.
19 May 1946, p. 4362). It is administered by a Delegate (Delegue)
of the Governor of Senegal and is called the "Delegation of Dakar"
(Delegation de Dakar) (Decree No. 46-7, 3 January 1946, Jl. Of.,
3 January 1946, p. 152).
2. During the past 30 years, Upper Volta has gone through a series
of reorganizations. It was established as a separate colony, com-
posed of districts from Upper Senegal and Niger, by a decree of
1 March 1919. On 5 September 1932 the colony of Upper Volta was
abolished by decree and its territory was divided between Niger,
Sudan, and the Ivory Coast. The latest change was made by Law'No.
47-1707 of 4 September 1947 (J1. Of., 5 September 1947, p. 8834),
which. reestablished the territory of Upper Volta and gave it admin-
istrative and financial autonomy under the same conditions as
prevail in other territories of French West Africa. The bound-
aries of the old colony of Upper Volta as of 5 September 1932
were reestablished provisionally.
3. In addition to the islands listed, the French Government an-
nexed Adelie Coast to the Government General of Madagascar by De-
cree of 21 November 1924 and laid formal claim to sovereignty by
Decree of 1 April 1938. French sovereignty is not recognized by
the US Government, in accordance with US policy in the Antarctic
as expressed in US note of 16 May 1939 to the French Government.
- 38 -
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Juan de Nova
Sainte-Marie
Kerguelen Archipelago
Kerguelen, Island
Grande Terre
A
Iles Nuageuses
A
Ile Howe
A
Iles Swain
Crozet Archipelago
A
Ile de la Possession
A
Ile aux Cochons
A
Ile aux Pingouins
Iles des Apotres
A
Ile de 1'Est
Marion
Amsterdam
Saint-Paul
Europa
Saint-Christophe (Juan de Nova)
Iles Barren (Iles Steriles)
New Caledonia (Nouvelle Caledonie et Dependances)
The island of New Caledonia and the following islands:
Isle of Pine
Loyalty Islands
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Mare
Lif ou
Ouvea (Uvea)
Surprise
Huon
Walpole
Chesterfield
Belep Islands
Wallis Islands (Uvea)
Uvea
Nukuaeta
Faioa
Futuna Islands (Iles Horn)
Futuna
Aloft
9. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (Saint-Pierre et Miquelon)
Islands
Saint-Pierre
Grand-Colombier
Petit-Colombier
Ile-aux-Chiens
A
Ile-aux-Vainqueurs
A
Ile-aux-Pigeons
A
Ile du Massacre
Grande Miquelon and Petite Miquelon (Langlade)
(formerly 2 separate islands, now joined by sandy
isthmus)
- 40 -
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C. Associated Territories (Territoires Associes)
1. French Cameroons (Cameroun)
2. French Togoland (Togo)
D. Associated States (Etats Associes)2
1. Cambodia
2. Laos
3. Vietnam3
North (Tonkin)
Central (Annam)
South (Cochinchina -- Cochinchine)
E. Protectorates (Protectorats)
11. Morocco (Maroc)
2. Tunisia (Tunisie)
1. French Togoland was granted administrative and financial
autonomy by Decree No. 46-6 of 3 January 1946 Jl. Of.,
4 January 1946, pp. 148-152). It had formerly been under the admin-
istration of the Governor General of French West Africa.
2. See map CIA 12129, following p. 20 of. the main text.
3. Vietnam decree of 1 July 1949 divided Vietnam into three
.regions: North, Central, and South Vietnam, corresponding to the
former Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina.
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
01
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
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Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
ITCQ ~~ ~N "Tr)
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS OF OVERSEAS
MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH UNION
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH UNION
Both map and textual data on administrative divisions of
members of the French Union are very inadequate. There is
little information of recent date, and many of the authorities
contradict each other. An effort has been made to reconcile
the best available sources, and where this is impossible, the
differences are noted. `clnless otherwise indicated, seats
of government bear the same name as their administrative
divisions.
In general, the administrative divisions are those of
1 January 1950. Outstanding exceptions are noted.
- 54 -
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
A. Overseas Departments
1. Algeria
Capital: Alger (Algiers)
a. Department of Alger
Capital: Alger
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciairesl Mixtes Plein Exercice
Alger Alger (Nord) Bouzarea
Che'ragas
Dely-Ibrahim
El-Biar
Guyotville
Ouled-Fayet
Saint -Eugene
Staoueli
Zeralda
? Alger (Sud) Birkadem
Birmandreis
Draria
El-Achour
Hussein-Dey
Kouba
Saoula
L'Arba L'Arba
1. The cantons judiciaires are judicial, rather than adminis-
trative, divisions. There are no administrative cantons in
Algeria.
- 55 -
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Boufarik'
Masson-Carree
Menerville
Rivet
Rovigo
Sidi-Moussa
Baba-Hassen
Crescia
Doue'ra
Mahelma
Saint-Ferdinand
Maison-Carree
Ain-Taya-Les-Bains
Cap-Matifou
Fondouk
Fort-de-1'Eau
Mai s on-Blanche
Marechal-Foch
Reghaia
Rouiba
Menerville
Alma
Courbet
Felix-Faure
1. By Decree of 14 January 1944 (Source 7 on p. 77), creating
the arrondissements of Aumale and Blida, all of the canton
Judiciaire of Boufarik except the five communes listed here
was incorporated in the arrondissement of Blida.
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Saint-Pierre
Saint-Paul
Sidi-Aissa
Ain Bessem Ain-Bessem
Palestro Palestro Palestro
Aumale Aumale Aumale
Boulra Maillot
Bou-Saada Bou-Saada
Tablat Tablat
Blida
Ain-Bessem
Bir-Rabalou
Boulra
Blida
Beni-Mered
La Chiffa
El-Affroun
Mouzaiaville
Oued-El-Alleug
Boufarik
Birtouta
B ouinan
Cherchell Cherchell
1. On Source 4 (p. 77) only.
- 57 -
Chebli
Souma
Cherchell
Dupleixl
Gouraya
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Novi
Kole'a Kolea
Attatba
Berard
Castiglione
Douaouda
Fouka
Tefeschoun
Marengo Marengo
Ameur-El-Ain
Bourkika
Meurad
Tipaza
Medea Medea Medea
Damiette
Lodi
Ben Chicaol
Lovendol
Champlain)
Brazzal
Nelsonbourgl
Ain-Boucif
Boghari Boghari Boghari
1. On Source 4 (P. 77) only.
58
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Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Chellala Boghar
(admin. seat
at Reibell) Letourneux
Miliana Miliaria Les Braz Milian
(admin. seat
at Milian) Affreville
Le Djendel Ain-Sultan
(admin. seat
at Lavigerie)
Borely-la-Sapiel
Vesoul-Benian
Duperre Duperre
Kherba
Littre'
Rouina
Teniet-El-Haad Teniet-El- Teniet-El-Haad
Had
Le Sersou
Bourbaki
Burdeau
Vialar
Orleansville Orleansville Le Cheliff Orleansville
(admin. seat
at
Orleansville)
Charon
(formerly
Bou-Kader)
1. On Source 1+ (p. 77) only.
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Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Oued-Fodda Oued-Fodda
Les Attafs
Carnot
Teies Tense T6ne's
Cavaignac
Montenotte
Tizi-Ouzou Tizi-Ouzou Tizi-Ouzou
Mirabeau
Bordj-Menaiel Bordj-Menaiel
Camp-du-Marechal
Haussonvillers
Isserville-Les-
Issers
Dellys Mizrana Dellys
(admin. seat
at Tigzirt- Abbo
s -mer)
Rebeval
DJurdjura Djurdjura
(admin. seat
at Michelet)
Dra-El-Mizan Dra-El-Mizan Dra-El-Mizan
Boghni
Tizi -Reniff
Fort-National Fort-National
Fort-National
Mekla
Haut-Sebaou
Haut-Sebaou
(admin. seat
at Azazga)
- 6o -
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Port Gueydon Port Gueydon
(formerly
Azerfoun)
b. Department of Constantine
Cantons Communes Communes de
? Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Ain-Bei.da
Constantine
Hamma-Plaisance
La Meskiana Ain-Beida
Oum-El-Bouaghi
(admin. seat
at Canrobert)
Ain-M'Lila Ain-M'Lila
Chateaudun-du Chateaudun- Chateaudun-du
Rhumel du Rhumel Rhumel
Conde-Smendou Conde-Smendou
El-Milia El-Milia
FedJ-M'Zala FedJ-M'Zala
Le Khroub
Ain-Abid
Guettar-el-Aich
Ouled-Rahmoun
Mila
Ain-Kerma
Belfort
(formerly
Ain-Tinn)
- 61 -
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Grarem
Pouffach
Sidi-Merouane
Zeraia
Oued-Athmenia Oued-Athmenia
Ain-Smara
Oued-Seguin
Oued-Zenati Oued-Zenati
Renter
Tebessa Tebessa Tebessa
Morcott
Batna Batna Ain-El-Ksar Batna
(admin. seat
at El-Madher)
Ain-Touta Lambbse
(admin. seat
at Mac-Mahon)
Aures
(admin. seat
at Arris)
Belezma
(admin. seat
at Corneille)
Biskra Biskra
Khenchela Khenchela Khenchela
Bone Bone
Bugeaud
- 62 -
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Lamyl
Ain-Mokra Edough Aln-Mokra
(admin. seat
at Bone) Herbillon
La Calls La Calle La Calle
Duvivier Duvivier
Mondovi Mondovi
Barral
Nechmeya
Penthievre
Morris Morris
Randon
Bougie Bougie Oued-Marsa Bougie
(admin. seat at
Cap Aokas) Ziana-Mansouria
La Soummam
(admin. seat
at Sidi-Aich)
Akbou Akbou Akbou
Seddouk
Tazmalt
Djidjelli Djidjelli Djidjelli
Duquesne
E1-Kseur E1-Kseur
Oued-Amizour
1. On Source 4 (p. 77) only.
- 63
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Souk Ahras
Philippeville Philippeville
Collo
Guergour
(admin. seat
at Lafayette)
Strasbourg
Oued-Cherf Guelma
(admin. seat
at Guelma) Clauzel
Gallieni
Guelaat-Bou-Sba
Heliopolis
Kellermann
Millesimo
Petit
Souk-Ahras Souk-Ahras
La Sef is
(admin. seat
at Laverdure)
Philippeville
Saint-Charles
Stora
Collo Collo
El-Arrouch
Col-des-
Oliviers
(formerly
El-Kantour)
-64 -
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Jemmapee Jemmapes Jemmapes
Setif Setif Rhira Setif
(admin. seat
at Colbert) Ain-Abessa
Ain-Roua
Ampere
Colbert
Colignyl
El-Ouricia
Tocqueville
Bordj-Bou- Les Bibans Bord j-Bou-
Arreridj (admin.seat Arreridj
at Medjana)
Maadid Ain-Tagrout
Saint-Arnaud Les Eulma Saint-Arnaud
(admin. seat
at Saint-
Arnaud)
Takitount Takitount
(admin. seat
at Perigotville)
1. Shown as a center of colonization on Source 4 (p. 77); as
a commune de plein exercice on all other sources.
- 65
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 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
c.. Department of Oran
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Oran Oran Oran
Ain-El-Turk
Arcole
Bou-Sfer
El-Angor
Mangin
Mers-El-Kgbir
Misserghin
La Senia
Sidi-Chami
Valmy
Ain-El-Arba Ain-El-Arba
Hammam-Bou-
Hadjar
Saint-Maur
Ain-Temouchent Ain- Ain-Temouchent
Temouchent
Ain-Khial
Guiard
Laferriere
De Malherbe
Rio-Salado
Lee Trois-
Marabouts
Turgot
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Arzew Arzew
Kleber
Port-Aux-Poules
Saint-Leu
Lourmel Lourmel
Perregauxl
Sainte-Barbe- Saint-Lucien Sainte-Barbe-
Du-Tlelat Du-Tlelat
Oued-Imbert
Tafaraoui
Saint-Cloud Saint-Cloud
Assi Ameur
Assi-Ben-Okba
Assi-Bou-Nif
Fleurus
Legrand
Saint-Denis-
Du-Sig
Renan
Saint-Louis
Saint-Denis-
Du-Sig
Jean-Mermoz
1. The canton of Perregaux is responsible administratively to
the arrondissement of Oran and Judicially to the arrondissement
of Mascara.
- 67 -
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Ain-Faresl
Ain-Fekan
Dublineau
Maoussa
Oued-Taria
Thiersville
Cacherou Palikao
(admin. seat
at Palikao) Dombasle
Uzes-Le-Duc
(Fortassa)
Saida Saida Saida
Ain-El-Hadar
Franchetti
Mostaganem Mostaganem Mostaganem
Aboukir
Ain-Sidi-Cherif
Ain-Tedeles
Belle-Cote
Bellevue
Blad-Touaria
Fornaka
1. On Source 4 (p. 77) only.
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Georges
Clemenceau
(La Stidia)
Mazagran
Noisy-Les-Bains
Pelissier
Pont-Du-Chelif
Rivoli
Tounin
Ammi-Moussa Ammi-Moussa
Cassaigne Cassaigne Bosquet
Inkermann Renault Inkermann
Saint-Aime
Relizane La Mina Relizane
(admin. seat
at Clinchant)
Bouguirat
Sidi-Bel-Abbes Sidi-Bel-Abbes
L'Hillil
Zemmora
Sidi -Bel-Ab-Oes
Bonnier
(Ain-El-Trid)
Detrie
Palissy
Prudon
Tenira
Tessala
- 69 -
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Commur3,es Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Boukanefis La Mekerra Boukanefis
(admin. seat
at Sidi-Bel-
Abbes) Baudens
Deligny
(or Ze'rouela)
Parmentier
Tabia
Tassin
Mercier-Lacombe Mercier-
Lacombe
Le Telagh Le Telagh Le Tglagh
Berthelot
Slissen
Tirman
Tiaret Tiaret Tiaret Tiaret
Aflou Montgolfier
Djebel- Palat
Nador
(admin. seat
at Trezel) Prevost-Paradol
Trumelet
Frenda Frenda Frenda
Tlemcen Tlemcen Marnia Tlemcen
- 70 -
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
Cantons Communes Communes de
Arrondissements Judiciaires Mixtes Plein Exercice
Eugene-Etienne-
Eennaya
Les Abdellysl
Marnia
Pont-de-1'Isser
Lamoriciere Lamoriciere
Descartes
Nemours Nedroma Nemours
Montagnac Remchi Beni-Saf
(admin. seat
at Montagnac)
Turenne
1. Separated from commune de plein.exercice of Pont-de-1'Iseer
and raised to commune de plein exercice by arrete of Prefect of
Oran, 9 March 1949 (Source 8 on p. 77).
Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010004-3
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