INFORMATION TRANSMISSION UNDER CONDITIONS OF SENSORY SHIELDING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2014
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: June 7, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

#
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09:
KAN5MITTAL SLIP
CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7 DATE
7
TO:
Af PAO'
ROOM NO. BUIL ING
259,4 4,f;i*
REMARKS:
load
be ea..67 *71-
litajJiy be-L
STAT
stet
STAT
FROM:
ROOM NO.
BUILDING #
FORM NO .r)A 1 REPLACES FORM 36-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09:
CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
(47)
,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
INFORMATION TRANSMISSION UNDER CONDITIONS OF SENSORY SHIELDING
Russell Targ
Harold Puthoff
Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory
Stanford Research Institute
Menlo Park, California
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved Approved for Release 2014/01/09 : 4RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
FIGURE CAPTIONS
1. Target pictures and responses drawn by Uri Geller under shielded
conditions,
2. Computer drawings and responses drawn by Uri Geller.
a. Computer drawing stored on video display
b. Computer drawing stored in computer memory only
c. Computer drawing stored on video display with zero intensity
3. Occipital EEG Spectra, 0 to 20 Hz, for one subject (H.H.) acting as
receiver, showing amplitude changes in the 9 - 11 Hz band as a
function of strobe frequency. Three cases: 0, 6, and 16 flashes per
second (12 trial averages).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
INTRODUCTION
In this paper we present results of experiments suggesting the
existence of one or more perceptual modalities through which individuals
obtain information about their environment, wherein this information is
not presented to any known sense.
Such perceptual abilities are often
considered to be paranormal. The literature in the field1-3
coupled with
our own observations have led us to conclude that such abilities can be
studied under laboratory conditions.
The phenomena we have investigated most extensively pertain to the
ability of certain individuals to describe graphical material or remote
scenes shielded against ordinary perception. In addition, we also performed
pilot studies to determine if electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings
might indicate perception of remote happenings even in the absence of
correct overt responses.
In these experiments we concentrated on what we considered to be our
primary responsibility--namely, to resolve under conditions as unambiguous
as possible the basic issue of whether a certain class of paranormal
perception phenomena exists. Therefore, we conducted our experiments with
sufficient control, utilizing visual, acoustic, and electrical shielding,
to ensure that all conventional paths of sensory input were blocked. At
all times we were vigilant in the design of our experiments to take
measures to prevent sensory leakage and to prevent deception, whether
intentional or unintentional, on the part of our subjects.
1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
LI
The overall goal of our research program is the determination of the
taws underlying these phenomena. That is, our goal is not just to catalog
interesting events, but rather to uncover patterns of cause-effect rela-
tionships that lend themselves to analysis and hypothesis in the forms
with which we are familiar in scientific study. The results presented
here constitute a first step toward that goal, in that we have established
under known conditions a data base from which departures as a function of
physical and psychological variables can be studied in future work.
In this paper we describe three related experiments which we consider
to represent a single ability exhibiting different rates of information
transmission. First, we conducted experiments with Mr. Uri Geller in
which we examined his ability, while located in an electrically shielded
room, to reproduce target pictures drawn by experimenters located at remote
locations. Second, we conducted double-blind experiments with two
individuals, Mr. Ingo Swann and Mr. Pat Price, in which we measured their
ability to describe remote outdoor scenes many miles from their physical
location. Finally, we conducted preliminary tests using electroencephalo-
grams (EEG), in which subjects were asked to perceive whether a remote
light was flashing, and to determine whether a subject could perceive the
presence of the light, even if only at a noncognitive level of awareness.
REMOTE PERCEPTION OF GRAPHIC MATERIAL
We describe here a series of experiments in paranormal perception
with a 27 year old Israeli subject, Uri Geller. In preliminary testing
Mr. Geller apparently demonstrated an ability to reproduce simple pictures
2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
LI
(line drawings) which had been drawn and placed in opaque sealed envelopes
which Mr. Geller was not permitted to handle. However, since each of
the targets was known to at least one experimenter in the room with
Mr. Geller, it was not possible on the basis of the preliminary testing
to discriminate between Mr. Geller's direct perception of envelope contents
and perception via some mechanism involving the experimenters, whether
paranormal or subliminal.
Therefore, an experimental study was undertaken to examine the
phenomenon under conditions specifically designed to eliminate all
conventional information channels, overt or subliminal. This was accomplished
by separating Mr. Geller from both the target material and anyone knowledgeable
of the target material, as in the recent experiments by Musso and Granero.4
The first part of the study consisted of a series of thirteen separate
drawing experiments carried out over a seven day period. The thirteen-
experiment data set constitutes the entire set of consecutive experiments
carried out in the time available for the study, with no experiments deleted.
The protocol for the experiments was as follows: At the beginning
of the experiment either Mr. Geller or the experimenters entered a shielded
room so that from that time forward Mr. Geller was at all times visually,
acoustically, and electrically shielded from personnel and material at the
target location. Only following Mr. Geller's isolation from the experimenters
was a target chosen and drawn, a procedure designed to eliminate pre-
experiment cueing. The method of target selection involved random
procedures, such as randomly opening a dictionary and selecting the first
word describing an object that could reasonably be drawn. Furthermore,
3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
0
in order to eliminate the possibility of pre-experiment target forcing,
Mr. Geller was kept ignorant as to the identity of the person selecting
the target and as to the method of target selection. Mr. Geller s task
was then to reproduce with pen on paper the line drawing being generated
by the experimenters at the target location. Following a period of effort
ranging from a few minutes to half an hour, Mr. Geller either passed
(when he did not feel confident) or indicated he was ready to submit a
drawing to the experimenters, in which case the drawing was collected
before Mr. Geller was permitted to see the target.
In order to prevent sensory cueing of the target information,
Experiments 1 through 10 were carried out using a shielded room in SRI's
facility for EEG research. The degree of acoustic and visual isolation
provided for this experiment is that afforded by a double-walled steel
room, locked by means of an inner and outer door, each of which is secured
with a refrigerator-type locking mechanism. The person inside the room
is continuous47 monitored by means of a one-way audio monitor. The
target picture was never discussed by the experimenters after the picture
was drawn or brought near the shielded room. In our detailed examination
of the shielded room and the protocol used in these experiments, no sensory
leakage has been found.
The conditions and results for the ten experiments carried out in the
shielded room are displayed in Table 1. As indicated in the Table, all
experiments, except Experiments 4 and 5, were conducted with Mr. Geller
closeted inside the shielded room. In Experiments 4 and 5, the procedure
was reversed--i.e., the target was located inside the shielded room, with
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
TABLE 1. SUMMARY: REMOTE PERCEPTION OF GRAPHIC MATERIAL
Experiment
Date
Geller Location
Target Location
Target
Figure
1
8/4/73
Shielded room #la
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Firecracker
la
2
8/4/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Grapes
lb
3
8/5/73
Shielded room #1
Office (475 m)
Devil
lc
4
8/5/73
Room adjacent to
shielded room #1
Shielded room #1
(3.2 m)
Solar system
ld
5
8/6/73
Room adjacent to
shielded room #1
Shielded room #1
(3.2 m)
Rabbit
No drawing
6
8/7/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Tree
No drawing
7
8/7/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Envelope
No drawing
8
8/8/73
Shielded room #1
Remote room (6.75 m)
Camel
le
9
8/8/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Bridge
lf
10
8/8/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Seagull
lg
11
8/9/73
Shielded room #2c
Computer (54 m)
Kite (computer CRT)
2a
12
8/10/73
Shielded room #2
Computer (54 m)
Church (computer
memory)
2b
13
8/10/73
Shielded room #2
Computer (54 m)
Arrow through heart
(computer CRT, zero
intensity)
aEEG Facility shielded room (see text).
bPerceiver-target distances measured in meters.
cSRI Radio Systems Laboratory shielded room (see text).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Q.)
Mx. Geller on the outside in an adjacent room. For those experiments in
which Mr. Geller was inside the shielded room, the target location was
in an adjacent room at a distance of about 4 meters, except for Experiments
3 and 8, in which the target locations were, respectively, an office at
a distance of 475 meters and a room down the hall at a distance of about
7 meters.
In Experiment 1,the object drawn on the basis of random dictionary
selection was a firecracker, shown in Fig. 1(a). Mr. Geller's immediate
verbal response via the audio monitor was that he saw "a cylinder with
noise coming out of it.". He made two responses to the target, also shown
in Fig. 1(
).
In Experiment 2, the target--also chosen by random dictionary selection--
was a cluster of grapes. Mr. Geller said that he was quite certain that
he had the picture. Both the target picture and Mr. Geller's response
have 24 grapes in the cluster (Fig. 1(b)).
In Experiment 3, Mr. Geller was locked in the shielded room with one
experimenter outside as a monitor while the target was drawn in another
building 475 meters away. The target, again randomly selected from the
dictionary, was a devil (Fig. 1(c)). Mr. Geller spent 30 minutes on his
drawing and expressed considerable difficulty in getting the target. The
results are interesting from the standpoint of possible insight into the
process that they provide. His drawings consisted of representations of
Biblical symbology, including the "Moses tablets,," an apple with a worm,
a snake, and a concluding composite picture with the tablets on top of
the world and the trident outside. Of these only the trident corresponds
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
TARGET RESPONSE 1
RESPONSE 2
(a)
TARGET
(b)
RESPONSE
(c)
TARGET
RESPONSE 2
RESPONSE 3
.,Att
RESPONSE
(d)
RESPONSE
(e)
?
L
BRIY;E
TARGET
(f)
TARGET
(9)
FIGURE 1 GRAPHICAL MATERIAL CONSISTING OF TARGET PICTURES AND RESPONSES DRAWN BY URI GELLER
UNDER SHIELDED CONDITIONS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
RESPONSE
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
U
directly to an element in the target drawing. One is led to speculate that
the Biblical elements in these three drawings are perhaps associational
material triggered by the target.
The target picture for Experiment 4 was drawn by an experimenter
while he was inside the shielded room,with Mr. Geller outside the room
with another experimenter. In this case the target (Fig. 1(d)) was a
representation of the solar system. Mr. Geller's response to the target
while outside the room coincides quite well with the target drawing.
In Experiment 5, the person-to-person link was eliminated by arranging
for a scientist outside the usual experimental group to draw a picture,
lock it in the shielded room before Mr. Geller's arrival at SRI, and
leave the area. Mr. Geller was then led by the experimenters to the
shielded room and asked to draw the picture inside the room. He said that
he got no clear impression and therefore did not submit a drawing. The
elimination of the person-to-person link was examined further in the
second series of experiments with this subject, which is described later.
Experiments 6 and 7 were carried out while we recorded Mr. Geller's
EEG during his efforts to perceive the target pictures. The target pictures
were, respectively, a tree and an envelope. He found it difficult to hold
adequately still for good EEG records, said that the experienced difficulty
in getting impressions of the targets, and again submitted no drawings.
For Experiment 8, the target picture was a camel and Mr. Geller's
response was a horse (Fig. 1(e)). In Experiment 9, the target was a bridge.
Mr. Geller's drawing bears some resemblance to the target (Fig. 1(0), but
before seeing the target picture he stated that he did not know what the
picture was.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
At the beginning of Experiment 10, Mr. Geller expressed extreme
confidence and entered the shielded room. The target then chosen for
Experiment 10 was a bird in flight. Mr. Geller said almost immediately,
via the audio monitor in the shielded room, that he saw a swan flying over
a hill and that he was sure that his drawing was correct (Fig. 1(g)).
Experiments 11 through 13 were carried out in SRI's Engineering
Building, to make use of the computer facilities available there. For
these experiments, Mr. Geller was secured in a double-walled, copper-screen
Faraday cage 54 meters down the hall and around the corner from the
computer room.f
For Experiment 11, a picture of a kite was drawn by one of the
experimenters on the face of a cathode ray tube display screen, driven
by the computer's graphics program. Mr. Geller's response, shown in
Fig. 2(a), was a square with diagonals.
For Experiment 12, a picture of a church was drawn and stored in the
memory of the computer. Mr. Geller's responses are shown in the drawings
of Fig. 2(b). Although his responses have some elements in common with
the target drawing, he did not recognize the target as a church.
In Experiment 13, the target drawing, an arrow through a heart (Fig. 2(c)),
was drawn on the face of the cathode ray tube and then the display intensity
was turned off so that no picture was visible. Mr. Geller immediately
The Faraday cage provides 120 dB attenuation for plane wave radio frequency
radiation over a range of 15 KHz to 1 GHz. For magnetic fields the attenuation
is 68 dB at 15 KHz and decreases to 3 dB at 60 Hz.
9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
TARGET
RESPONSE
(a)
eeee oceeee
....:...,..
TARGET
RESPONSE 1
RESPONSE 2
(b)
? TARGET
RESPONSE 1
RESPONSE 2
(c)
FIGURE 2 GRAPHICAL MATERIAL FROM COMPUTER DRAWING EXPERIMENTS WITH URI GELLER. ?(a) PICTURE
STORED ON VIDEO DISPLAY. (b) PICTURE STORED IN COMPUTER MEMORY ONLY. (c) PICTURE
STORED ON VIDEO DISPLAY WITH ZERO INTENSITY.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
drew an arrow under a rectangle and then drew another arrow inside a suit-
case, which he considered a better representation of the target.
To obtain an independent evaluation of the correlation between target
and response data, the experimenters submitted the data for judging on a
"blind" basis by two SRI scientists who were not otherwise associated
with the research. For the ten cases in which Mr. Geller provided a
response, the judges were asked to match the response data with the
corresponding target data (without replacement). In those cases in which
Mr. Geller made more than one drawing as his response to the target, all
the drawings were combined as a set for judging. The two judges each
matched the target data to the response data with no error. For either
judge such a correspondence has an a priori probability, under the null
hypothesis of no information channel, of p = (10!)-1 3 x 10-7.
The quality of match between target and response in certain cases,
together with the overall probability of matching obtained by the judges,
constitute strong evidence for the existence of a potentially useful
information channel.
A second series of experiments was carried out to determine whether
direct perception of envelope contents was possible without some person
knowing of the target picture.
One hundred target pictures of everyday objects were drawn by an SRI
artist and sealed by other SRI personnel in double envelopes containing
black cardboard. The hundred targets were divided randomly into groups
of 20 for use in each of the three days' experiments.
11
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
On each of the three days of these experiments, Mr. Geller passed.
That is, he declined to associate any envelope with a drawing that he made.
On each day he made approximately 12 recognizable drawings, which he felt
were associated with the entire target pool of 100. He seemed to be
disturbed by the existence of such a large target pool. On each of the
three days, two of his drawings could reasonably be associated
with two of the 20 daily targets. On the third day, two of his drawings
were very close replications of two of that day's target pictures. We
consider that the drawings resulting from this experiment do not depart
significantly from what would be expected by chance, which appeared to
be Mr. Geller's conclusion also, leading to passes on his part.
Thus, it would appear that eliminating a person knowledgeable of the
target degrades the quality of the information channel. However, based
on Mr. Geller's subjective impression, there is also the possibility that
advance preparation of a large target pool, in comparison with single .
target preparation,results in cross talk--i.e., diffuses the identity of
the target.
In a simpler experiment Mr. Geller was successful in obtaining
information in which no persons were knowledgeable of the target. A double
blind experiment was performed in which a single die was placed in a small
steel box. The box was then vigorously shaken by one of the experimenters
and placed on the table. The orientation of the die within the box was
unknown to the experimenters at that time. Mr. Geller would then write
down his perception as to which die face was uppermost. Thus, in this
12
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
case the target pool was known, but the targets were individually prepared
in a manner blind to all persons involved in the experiment. This experi-
ment was performed ten times, with Mr. Geller passing twice and giving a
response eight times. In the eight times in which he gave a response,
he was correct each time. The probability of this occurring by chance
is approximately one in a million, (1/6)8.
To summarize the work with Mr. Geller,3 we observe that in certain
situations significant information transmission can take place under
shielded conditions. Factors which appear to be important and therefore
candidates for future investigation include whether the subject knows the
set of targets in the target pool, the actual number of targets in the
target pool at any given time, and whether the target is known by any of
the experimenters.
REMOTE VIEWING OF NATURAL TARGETS
In experiments carried out in our program to investigate the abilities
of a New York artist, Mr. Ingo Swann, he expressed the opinion that the
insights gained during experiments at SRI had strengthened his ability to
view remote locations that had been researched before he joined the SRI
program. 6
To test Mr. Swann's assertion, a pilot study was set up in which a
tThe distribution of responses consisted of three 2s, one 4, two 5s, and
two 6s.
13
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
U
series of targets from around the globe were supplied to the experimenters
by SRI personnel on a double-blind basis. In our estimation, Mr. Swann's
ability to describe correctly details of buildings, roads, bridges, and
the like indicated that he could perceive remote locations, sometimes in
great detail, given only their geographic latitude and longitude. Thus,
we considered the descriptions were sufficiently accurate to warrant our .
setting up a research program in remote viewing.
We present here the results of a remote viewing experiment, carried
out with a second subject in the remote viewing program, Mr. Pat Price,
a former California police commissioner and city councilman. This experi-
ment consisted of a series of double-blind, demonstration-of-ability tests
involving local targets in the San Francisco Bay area which could be
documented by several independent judges. We planned the experiment
considering that natural geographical places or man-made sites that have
existed for along time are more potent targets for paranormal perception
experiments than are artificial targets prepared in the laboratory. This
is based on the opinions of Mr. Swann and Mr. Price that the use of
artificial targets involves a "trivialization of the ability" as 'compared
with natural pre-existing targets.
In each of nine experiments involving Mr. Price as remote-viewing
subject and SRI experimenters as a target demarcation team, a remote
location was chosen in a double-blind protocol. Mr. Price, who remained
at SRI, was asked to describe this remote location, as well as whatever
activities might be going on there.
14
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Data from the nine experiments are presented in the following para-
graphs. Final judging indicated that several descriptions yielded
significantly correct data pertaining to and descriptive of the target
location.
REMOTE VIEWING PROTOCOL
In the nine double-blind remote-viewing experiments, the following
procedures were used. An experimenter was closeted with Mr. Price at
SRI to wait 30 minutes to begin the narrative description of the remote
location. The SRI locations from which the subject viewed the remote
locations consisted of an outdoor park (Experiments 1,2), the double-walled
copper-screen Faraday cage discussed earlier (Experiments 3, 4, 6-9), and'
an office (Experiment 5).
A second experimenter would then obtain a target location from an
individual in SRI management, the director of the Information Science and
Engineering Division, not otherwise associated with the experiment. This
location was either in the form of traveling orders previously prepared,
sealed, and randomized by the target selecter (Experiments 1, 2, 5, 6),
or by his driving the target demarcation team to the target himself without
any written indication (Experiments 3, 4, 7-9). The set of targets was
chosen from a target-rich environment by asking the selector to use his
judgment in providing a set of nine target locations which were clearly
differentiated from each other and within thirty minutes driving time
from SRI. In all cases, the target demarcation team proceeded directly
to the target by automobile without communicating with the subject
15
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
or experimenters remaining behind. Since the experimenter remaining with
the subject at SRI was in ignorance both as to the particular target and
also as to the target pool, he was free to question Price to clarify his
descriptions. The demarcation team then remained at the target site for
an agreed-upon thirty minute period following the thirty minutes allotted
for travel. During the observation period, the remote-viewing subject
would describe his impressions of the target site into a tape recorder.
A comparison was then made when the demarcation team returned. To represent
best the detail and style of these narratives, we have included the entire
unedited text of one of the better narratives containing very few incorrect
statements, Experiment 7, in an appendix.
In general, the descriptions contained inaccuracies as well as correct
statements. To obtain a numerical evaluation of the accuracy of the remote
viewing experiment, the nine original target locations were subjected to
independent judging on a blind basis by five SRI scientists who were not
otherwise associated with the research. The judges were asked to match
the nine locations, which they independently visited, against the typed
manuscripts of the tape-recorded narratives of the remote viewer. The
transcripts were unlabeled and presented in random order. The judges
were asked to find a narrative which they would consider the best match
for each of the places they visited. A given narrative could be assigned
to more than one target location. The hypothesis is that the judges,
when asked to match the actual targets with the transcripts, would place
the actual target in the most favored category more often than they
would be expected to by chance. Table 2 shows the distribution of the
16
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
DESCRIPTIONS CHOSEN
BY JUDGES
1
2
PLACES
3
VISITED
4
5
BY JUDGES
6
7
8
9
Hoover Tower
1
ABC
DE
D
Baylands Nature
Preserve
2
ABC
E
D
Radio Telescope
3
-,...........
..??^-----r
ACD
BE
Redwood City Marina
4
CD
AD
E
E
DCE
Bridge Toll Plaza
5
ABD
Drive-In Theatre
6
B
A
I
C
E
Arts and Crafts
Garden Plaza
7
.7
ABC
E
1
Church
8
C
AB
Rinconada Park
9
CE
AB
TABLE 2. Distribution of correct selections by Judges A, B, C, D, and E in remote
viewing experiments. Of the 45 selections (5 judges, 9 choices),
24 were correct. Boxes heavily outlined indicate correct choice.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
judges' choices. For purposes of display we present the table such that
the main diagonal corresponds to the correct choices. The number of
correct matches by judges A through E is 7, 6, 5, 3, and 3, respectively.
The expected number of correct matches from the five judges was five; in
the experiment twenty-four such matches were obtained.
Among all possible analyses, none is more conservative than a
permutation analysis of the majority vote of the judges' selections
assuming assignment without replacement. By majority vote, six of the
nine descriptions and locations were correctly matched. Under the null
hypothesis (no remote viewing and a random selection of descriptions
without replacement), this outcome has an a priori probability of p =
-4
5.6 x 10 , since, among all possible permutations of the integers one
through nine, the probability of six or more being in their natural
position in the list has that value. Therefore, although Price's descrip-
tions contain inaccuracies, the descriptions are sufficiently accurate
to permit the judges to differentiate among the various targets to the
degree indicated.
EEG EXPERIMENTS
An experiment was undertaken to determine whether a physiological
measure such as EEG activity could be used as an indicator of information
transmission between an isolated subject and a remote stimulus. We
hypothesized that perception could be indicated by such a measure even
in the absence of verbal or other overt indicators.7,8 In other words,
this experiment examines the hypothesis that perception may take place
18
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
at noncognitive levels of awareness and be measurable, even though not
expressed verbally.
It was assumed that the application of remote stimuli would result
in responses similar to those obtained under conditions of direct stimu-
lation. For example, when normal subjects are stimulated with a flashing
light, their EEG typically shows a decrease in the amplitude of the resting
rhythm and a driving of the brain waves at the frequency of the flashes.9
We hypothesized that if we stimulated one subject in this manner (a sender),
the EEG of another subject in a remote room with no flash present, (a
receiver), might show changes in alpha (9-11 Hz) activity, or possibly
EEG driving similar to that of the sender.
Applying this concept, we informed our subject that at certain times
a light was to be flashed in a sender's eyes in a distant room, and if
the subject perceived that event, consciously or unconsciously, it might be
evident from changes in his EEG output. The receiver was seated in the
visually opaque, acoustically and electrically shielded double-walled steel
room previously described. The sender was seated in a room across the hall
from the EEG chamber at a distance of about 7 meters from the receiver.
In order to find subjects who were responsive to such a remote
stimulus, we initially worked with four female and two male volunteer
subjects, all of whom believed that success in the experimental situation
might be possible. These were designated "receivers." The senders were
either other subjects or the experimenters. We decided beforehand to
run one or two sessions of 36 trials each with each subject in this
selection procedure, and to do a more extensive study with any subject
19
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
whose results were positive.
A Grass PS-2 photostimulator placed about 1 meter in front of the
sender was used to present flash trains of 10 sec duration. The receiver's
EEG activity from the occipital region (0z), referenced to linked mastoids,
was amplified with a Grass 5P-1 preamplifier and associated driver
amplifier with a bandpass of 1 to 120 Hz. The EEG data were recorded on
magnetic tape with an Ampex SP 300 recorder.
On each trial, a tone burst of fixed frequency was presented to both
sender and receiver, and was followed in one second by either a ten-second
train of flashes or a null flash interval presented to the sender. Thirty-
six such trials were given in an experimental session, consisting of 12 null
trials--i.e., no flashes following the tone--12 trials of flashes at 6 fps,
and 12 trials of flashes at 16 fps, all randomly intermixed. Each of the
trials generated an 11-second EEG epoch. The last 4 seconds of the epoch
was selected for analysis to minimize the desynchronizing action of the
warning cue. This 4-second segment was subjected to Fourier analysis on a
LINC 8 computer.
Spectrum analyses gave no evidence of EEG driving in any receiver,
although in control runs the receivers did exhibit driving when physically
stimulated with the flashes. However, of the six subjects studied
initially, one subject (H.H.) showed a consistent alpha blocking effect.
We therefore undertook further study with this subject.
Data from 7 sets of 36 trials each were collected from this subject
on three separate days. This comprises all the data collected to date
with this subject under the test conditions described above. The alpha
20
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
c_j
band was identified from average spectra, then scores of average power
and peak power were obtained from individual trials and subjected to
statistical analysis.
Of our six subjects, H.H. had by far the most monochromatic EEG
spectrum. Figure 3 shows an overlay of the three averaged spectra from
one of this subject's 36-trial runs, displaying changes in her alpha
activity for the three stimulus conditions.
Mean values for the average power and peak power for each of the
seven experimental sets were given in Table 3. The power measures were
less in the 16 fps case than in the 0 fps in all seven peak power measures
and in six out of seven average power measures.
Siegel's two-tailed t approximation to the nonparametric randomization
test10 was applied to the data from all sets, which included two sessions
in which the sender was removed. Average power on trials associated with
the occurrence of 16 fps was significantly less than when there were no
flashes (t = 2.09, df = 118, p < .04). The second measure, peak power,
was also significantly less in the 16 fps conditions than in the null
condition (t = 2.16, df = 118, p < .03). The average response in the 6
fps condition was in the same direction as that associated with 16 fps,
but the effect was not statistically significant.
Spectrum analyses of control recordings made from saline with 12K
ohms resistance in place of the subject with and without the addition of
a 10 Hz, 50 pV test signal applied to the saline solution, revealed no
indications of flash frequencies, nor perturbations of the 10 Hz signal.
These controls suggest that the results were not due to system artifacts.
.21
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
LI
? arbitrary units
Ui
_J
0
? ? ?
5 Hz 10 Hz 15 Hz
THREE CASES ? 0, 6 and 16 Hz flashes (12 trial averages)
FIGURE 3 OCCIPITAL EEG FREQUENCY SPECTRA, 0 TO 20 Hz, OF ONE SUBJECT (N.H.)
ACTING AS RECEIVER SHOWING AMPLITUDE CHANGES IN THE 9-11 Hz BAND
AS A FUNCTION OF STROBE FREQUENCY
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2014/01/09 : CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010008-7
,
Flash
Frequency
Sender
0
Average Power
6
16
11
11 0
Peak Power
6
16
J.L.
94.8
84.1
76.8
357.7
329.2
289.6
R.T.
41.3
45.5
37.0
160.7
161.0
125.0
No Sender
(Subject informed)
25.1
35.7
28.2
87.5
95.7
81.7
J.L.
54.2
55.3
44.8
191.4
170.5
149.3
J.L.
56.8
50.9
32.8
240.6
178.0
104.6
R.T.
39.8
24.9
30.3
145.2
74.2
122.1
No Sender
(Subject not
informed)
86.0
53.0
52.1
318.1
180.6
202.3
if
Averages
56.8
49.9
43.1
II 214.5
169.8
153.5 r
-12%
-24%
(P