MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 8
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP79-01005A000100100001-3
Release Decision:
RIFPUB
Original Classification:
R
Document Page Count:
25
Document Creation Date:
November 9, 2016
Document Release Date:
June 2, 1999
Sequence Number:
1
Case Number:
Publication Date:
August 1, 1949
Content Type:
BULL
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WmmwJ_ FOR THE ASSISTANT D1Q'?t'OR
U. S. OFFICIALS ONLY
4 725 3
MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN
FOR REPORTS AND- l T MATES, CIA
No. 8
AUGUST- 1949
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN
MR-8
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
AUGUST 1949
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Eae
1. The Territorial-Administrative Divisions of
The USSR ... ...................... I
fI. Brief Notice ........ I .. ... ............ 17
A List of Political Entities ............. 17
Territorial Administrative Changes in the
Soviet Far East ................... 18
ILLUSTRATIONS
"h?art: Administrative Divisions of USSR
Jan. 1, 1948 (CIA. No. 2598).
''Aap: Recent Territorial Administrative
.Changes in the Soviet Far East
(CIA 11287) Restricted.
No :: This Bulletin has not been coordinated with
the intelligence organizations of the Depart-
ments of State., Army, Navy, and the Air Force.
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1. TEE
1 ERRE `O .IAI, AI)iV INISTRA I T
DI~TISIC~NS OF THE USSR
Since the earliest days of the Communist regime,
Soviet authorities have attached great importance to terri-
torial -administrative divisions. The correct representa-
tion of these divisions on maps is therefore of major impor-
'ne : not only to cartographers but also to all research
wor-.rs who use official Soviet source materials. Soviet
statiLtics are published by territorial-administrative divi-
sions and official literature is presented in terms of these
divis,".ons. In many cases, obscure place names that do not
appear on maps can be located only by the administrative
divisions. The divisions also serve as guides to the distri-
butio of the impor# .nt nationality groups of the Soviet Union.
During the past three decades, the administrative system
of the USSR has undergone more changes than any other in
the world. During this same period, the Soviet Union has
probably published more administrative maps than any other
country in the world. Often, however, the maps have become
out of date before their distribution to the public.
The ters itor.l--administrative structure of the USSR
is ve?`y complex (see accompanying chart). This is owing
In par 3t to the magnitude of the country. The Soviet Union
includes one -sixth of the area of the world and 180 rational
groups with a total population of nearly 200,000,000. The
system is further complicated by the totalitarian form of
the government, which controls the economic as well as the
political life of the country. Finally, the expanding economy
has '_ esulted in a rapid succession of changes and adjustment-3
in the administrative system. In 1940, there were 69,095
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tern aortal-admhaistarative divisions in the USSR. By 1947,
the number had graven to 84,310. Major changes and adjust-
me-es are still in progress, two having been made in the
Soviet Far East during the last year. (See p. 18 of this
Hull(tin)
The administrative structure of the USSR includes
divisions of two types --the one based on the nationality or
race and the other based on administrative function. For
convenience in describing these two groups of divisions,
the first group will be referred to in this paper as "national"
and the second as "non-national."
National Divisions
The divisions based on nationality were designed to
provide political autonomy to the principal, compact racial
groups, theoretically in proportion to their ability to govern
themselves. Of the 180 national groups, 61 now have their
own administrative divisions named after the predominant
nationality group within the area. The four types of national
subd:v ions in the USSR are listed below in the order of their
importance and the amount of local autonomy granted to them:
(1) Union Republic (Soviet Socialist Republic--SSR)
(2) Autonomous Republic (Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic--ASSR)
(3) Autonomous Oblast (A.O,)
(4) National Okrug (N, Oo )
Depending upon whether its political and economic
status is advancing or retrogressing, a national group may
move from one of these divisions to another, with an accomp uiy-
ing change in the amount of local autonomy granted to it. Chajages
usaia" ly follow the "nationalities ladder," one step at a time. For
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exmmple, the Kazakh ASSR was raised to the level of a
Unto; Republic on 5 December 1936. Changes may also
proceed down the "ladder." Thus, the Crimean ASSR was
reduced to the rank of an Autonomous Oblast in 1944. The
following year its national status was abolished and it be -
ccame a non-national Oblast. The regular "ladder" has not
always been followed. For example, the Kalmyk ASSR was
abolished in a single step after World War II and its area
was set up as an administrative Oblast.1
1, The Union Re ubltc
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is
a federation of 16 Union Republics, each of which is named
after the main ethnic group within its boundaries. Accord-
ing to the Soviet Constitution, a Union Republic is a sovereign
state with broad political and administrative powers of its
own, including the right of secession. There is no uniform
system of subdivision among the various Union Republics.
The Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (R S,.F.S.R.,),
the largest of the Union Republics in area, size, and produc-
tive capacity, includes within its jurisdiction practically all
types of xionai administrative divisions. Four other Union
Republics include within their boundaries one or more of the
national divisions of lower rank. The remaining eleven have
no recognized national groups of sufficient size or importance
to merit nationality organization of their own. Two of these
eleven are subdivided directly into non-national minor civil
divisions,
1. For a comprehensive historical account of changes see:
4A Guide to Changes in Administrative Divisions of the
USSR, including Area and Population Figures (Revised)."
:r '=ivision of Research for Europe, Office of Intelligence
Research, Department of State, OIR Report 1163-A.
April 10, 1947.
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The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The ASSN ranks second among the national divisions.
Like the Union Republic, it has its own constitution, but its
%Atoa omy is more limited and it does not have the right of
sece,asion. Each ASSR is subordinate to a Union Republic.
At present, there are 16 ASSR's in the Soviet Union--helve
in the RSFSR, two in the Georgian SSR, and one each in the
Azerbaydzhan and Uzbek SSR's. In 1940, there were 21
ASSR's in the Soviet Union.
Most of the ASSR's are subdivided into non-national
r bior civil divisions --Rayons or divisions of equivalent
rank. In the past, there were also a few Administrative
Oknucs within ASSR's, but the last of these (the Aldan Okrug
of Yakut ASSR) was abolished in 1947.
3. Autonomous Mast
The Autonomous Oblast has far less local self rule
than the Autonomous Republic. It has no constitution and its
rights are defined by statutes of the Union Republic within
whtc"a it is located. An A.O. may be directly subordinate to
a Union Republic or to a non-national Kray, which in turn is
. reslurpansibie to a Union Republic.
Most of the A. 0.'s are located within the RSFSR. Of
then , five are subordinate to Krays. The sixth, the Tuva
A.0. (formerly the Tuva Peoples Republic), Is directly
responsible to the RSFSR. The three remaining A.O.'s in
the Soviet Union are all directly under Union Republics.
A 0.'s are divided into non-national subdivisions
only.-either Rayons or their equivalents.
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.. The National kruff
The National Qkrug is the lowest of the national
divisions in rank and has very little autonomy. All of the
10 Nt?.'s in the Soviet Union are located within the RSFSR,
and ',x.11 are subdivided into non-national Rayons or equivalent
adnrknistrative divisions.
No x-Nation:).l Di -isions
The non-national administrative divisions form a
secondary class of political units within the territorial-
admrncistra.tive structure of the USSR. Their formation is
governed solely by considerations of administrative effi-
cient'.-y. Since they are not linked to national groups, the
dint tons that are exclusively administrative, have under-
gone more changes in recent years than have the national
divisions. The size of the divisions has decreased, with
a co ?respo iding increase in number. The trend was intensi-
fied by the increasing industrialization and has resulted in
closer control of economic and political activities.. The five
types of administrative divisions are listed below in order
of rank:
{I) Kray
2) Oblast (in some areas known as Uyezd)
(3) Administrative Okrug
(4) Rayon (equivalent units are known in some
parts of the USSR as Volost, Aymak, or Khoshun)
(5) Selsovet
All national divisions include one or more of the
administrative divisions mentioned. Subdivision into these
MIME, however, follows no uniform system in the various
typcf; of national units.
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1. The
KY'a
The. Dray is a unique type of administrative division
founc', only within the RFSFR. It is roughly comparable to
the "Territory" of early western United States. In most
caffle;, a lcray includes a large area with a sparse popula-
tion living on F. pioneer economic and cultural level. The
s allest is aY out the size of North Carolina, but both of the
two largest care more than three times the size of Texas.
The six Kr:?ays occupy one-fourth of the total area of the
Soviet Ua on. Five of the six include national as well as
non- aatlcival divisions within their limits, --A O.'s or N.O'.s,,
or bath. The more usual subdivision of the Kray is the
Raton.. The Khabarovsk Kray, however, has two ion
-
imzi& z t O blasts that are intermediate units between Krays
and H yons.
2. The Non-National Oblast
With the exception of the Drays of the RSFSR, the
non. National Oblast is the highest ranking non- .tionwal
administrative division of the Union Republics. Oblasta are
directly, responsible to Union Republics except In Kharabovskk
Kray, where two Clasts are subordinate to the Kray Executive
Committee and not to the RSF'SR, as would be expected. Four
of the Republics--the three Union Republics of the Cauca. vas
aftd the arelian-Finnish SSR--have no Cblasts. The three
Balti ; and the Moldavian SSR's, are divided into Uyezds, which
are v; Uer In size than the average Oblast.
There were 1911 Oblasts and Uyezds in the USSR as
of Septembe. 1948. Practically all are divided into non-rnaationa;
Rayons. The Trans -Carpathian Oblast, however, is divided
1. This Includes the recent transfer of the Amur Oblast from
the administrative control of the Khaharovsk Kray to the
dzect control of the RSESR.
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into Administrative Okrugs; and five Oblasts in the RSFSR
include National Okrugs within their limits.
On most single -sheet maps of the USSR, the adminis-
trative Oblast is the lowest ranking administrative division
that can be shown. No Soviet maps, however, show the three
Uyezds of the Baltic Republics, although they were taken
over by the USSR in 1940.
3. The Administrative Okrug
The Administrative Okrug is an unusual administra-
tive unit. In the past, a unit called an Administrative Okrug
occupied a position between the Oblast and the Kray. It was
a special type of temporary administrative division. For
example, the northern part of East Prussia was first adminis-
tered as an Okrug when it was taken over by the USSR; later
it became an Oblast. Because of its temporary character,
the Administrative Okrug has been the least stable of the
administrative divisions. Of the 10 Administrative Okrugs
of the RSFSR as of 1940, none remained by 1948. The only
so-called Administrative Okrugs in existence today are in the
Trans-Carpathian Oblast (Zakarpatskaya Oblast') of the
Ukranian SSR. There, however, the Okrug is a minor civil
division equivalent to a Rayon, which it also resembles in . , n
size.
4. The Rayon (Volost, Aymak, Khoshun, Off)
The Rayon is the lowest ranking civil division that
has boundaries that have been delimited by the Soviets. It
is known under different names in various parts of the USSR.
In the Baltic Republics, the Volost is equivalent to the Rayon
in administrative function but is much smaller in size. The-,
three, small Republics contain 1,067 Volosts, whereas the
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othe m 13 Union Republics together have 4,250 Rayons.
Other divisions comparable to the Rayon in function and
area are known as Aymaks in the Gorno-Altaysk A.O.,
the Ust' -Orda Buryat -Mongol N.0. , and the lurya t -Mongol
ASSI1; Khoshur s in the Tuva A.?., and rugs in the Trans
Carpathian Oblast recently acquired from Czechoslovakia.
Rayons are of two types, rural and urban. Large
cities are divided into several urban Rayons in much the
same way Wt t New York City is divided into counties.
Either type of Rayons may be a subdivision of any of the
four types of national divisions or of non-national Drays
orlas. An unusual arrangement of Rayons occurs In
Kh b .rovsk may. Two groups of adjacent Rayons, each
of which occupies an area of considerable size, are directly
subo ?dinate to the Kharabovsk Kray Executive Committee
rathe than to an Mast. The reasons for this unusual
a yranement are not definitely known. One of the groups,
h.mve ver, is located in the upper and middle basins of the
Koly a River In the gold field area. This group may be
under the spec1.l direction of the Ministry for Internal
Affairs (IA VD), which would account for the departure from
the usual administrative structure. ' second group of
Raycas, is situated north of the Jewish A.O. and extends
eastward to the Tatar Straits. Thb area includes the two
large- and rapidly growhig cities ox Komsomol'sk and
Kliabarovsk, and the port of Sovetskaya Cavan'. The
special administrative arrangement would give the ?Kray
direct control of this rapidly developing area.
In order to understand the differences between rural
and urban Rayons, a brief explanation of the Soviet classifip
catin of populated places is necessary. Urban settlements
include "cities" and "urban-like settlements" that have not
at i ned the status of cities. The exact definition of a city is
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not known, but apparently the definition of a city is estab-
lished by legislation or decree In each Union Republic.
In the RSFSR, a city is a populated place having an adult
population of not less than 1,000, of which no more than
25 pt)rcent is engaged in agriculture. In 1940, there were
1,081 cities in the Soviet Union as of 1 January 1947 there
were 1,380. For administrative purposes, cities are
further classified according to their status within the
national or non-national administrative division to which
they are subordinate. The largest and most important
cities are directly subordinate to Union Republics. Smaller
cities and those of minor importance are subordinate to
Rayons. "Urban-like settlements" that have not attained
the status of cities are the lowest ranking urban division
in the USSR. Some of these are further classified as '
cc woakers' settlements" or "health resort settlements."
Small agricultural communities are classified as "non-
urbia settlements."
::. The Selsovet
The rural Rayon is made up of Village Soviets
(Solsovets, an abbreviation of Sel'skiy Sovet or Village
Council). As of I January 1947 there were 74,832 Selsovets
in the USSR.
k i l Sources of Information on Administrative Divisions
The most comprehensive official Soviet listings of
terra,torial-administrative divisions are published in two
handbooks. "SSSR Administrativao-Territorial'noye Deleniye
Soyvr, nykh Respublik" (USSR Territorial Ad a.bnistrative
Divk ion of Union Republics), published by the Information-
Statistical Branch of the Secretariat of the Praesidium of
the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, gives the territorial-adminis-
tratipe structure from Union Rep tics through "settlements
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of an urban type" as of 1 January 1947. The. area is given
for all units through the Rayon level, and summary tables
show the number of subdivisions of each type within all of
the administrative divisions. Beginning with Rayons, esti-
mates are given of distances from the administrative center
of each division to the center of the next higher division.
For each division, distances to the nearest railroad center
are also given, together with the name of the nearest rail-
road station and the railroad district within which it is
located. The number of Selsovets, cities, and "settlements
of an urban type" is given for all Rayons. The second hand-
book, entitled "RFSFR Administrativno-Territorial'noye
Del.eiiye" (RSFSR, Administrative-Territorial Division), is
published by the Information-Statistical Branch of the Secre-
tariat of the Praesidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.
This publication gives the status of the internal divisions of
the PSFSR as of 1 January 1948. It also includes additional
details such as the names of Selsovets within each Rayon,
names of 'Workers' Settlements," and the dates of the estab-
lishment of the Rayons.
Both handbooks are published annually. Changes
made between editions are announced in le~, domosti Verkho
n o Soveta SSR (Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
'oa~rna in-he gazette is also reprinted in all Soviet
newspapers.
The best sources of boundary information are the
Soviet political-administrative maps, which are of several
types. The official map, entitled Politiko-Administrativna a
ann
Karta SSSR, is printed at two scales 000
:5,000000) and is published by Glavnoye Upravlentye Geodezii
I Kartografii pri SM SSSR (Principal Administration for Geodlesy
and Cartography attached to the, , Council of Ministers, USSR--
abbreviated to GUGK). European USSR is covered by maps at
larger scale. The most recent of these is Politiko Administim-
tivn, a Icarta Yevropeyskoy Chasti SSSR (Politteal -Administra
F~Wve Map of the European Part of the USSR), 1:2,000,000, ca. 1947.
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In 11.1'43 , GUGK instituted the policy of omitting dates from
all unclassified maps(with the exception of a few wall maps)
released for public distribution. This seriously complicates
the tisk of determining which is the most recent map avail-
able. The most recent map of the Soviet Union as a whole
is so ovetskikh 3otsialistiche: kit es. ublik Politiko-
Admii ~~iv a Irtaaon of Soviet Socialist Rem plics,
oli icy l in s a ve Map), 1:4, 000, 000, published by the
I rt, grafichesl aye Chest', doyen o-Topograficheskogo
l;Tpr vieniya eneral'nogo Shtaba Vooruzhennykh Sil SSR
(Cartographic Section of the Military -Topographic Adminis-
tration of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, USSR).
The map was compiled in 1945, corrected in 1947, and
authorized for publication 6 October 1947. A more general
comp nion map, published in 1945, is being reprinted by color
separation, with revisions from the 1947 map incorporated.
It wi'U.1 be published as CIA 11043.
The most recent non-Soviet map of the political-
administr?ative divisions of the Soviet Union is USSR Adminis
ve D visiona, January 1946, 1:12,000,000, published by
the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA 10489.1). The last edition
of the map is out of date. The map, however, will. be revised
from time to time.
None of the maps mentioned above shows the entire
inter-ml boundary system of the USSR. They do show all
nati. xaal units as well as Drays and most Oblasts. The Uyezd
boundaries in the Baltic Republics are not shown on any of
the raps. The map of European USSR is the first medium-
scal. a map that shows the administrative centers of Rayons.
Mayon boundaries are also shown on a series of
regional political-administrative maps, the publication of
which was begun in 1936 and is still continuing. Complete
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coverage of all of the USSR is not available in the United
States at the present time,. Recent (1948) editions of the
series are classified "for service use only," which is the
equivalent of US "restricted."
A recent edition of Geo ;raf tya v Shkole (No. 1, 1949),
a Soviet geographical journl,s lahel announce-
men and a map of recent major changes in. the administrative
divi?,4ons in the Soviet Far East (see p. 18 of this Rules).
Cartographic Presentation of Internal Boundaries
Because of the complicated territorial-administrative
stru,-ture, it is difficult to show the internal boundaries of
the soviet Union on maps. Maps published by the Soviets
follcw a standardized pattern of presentation, but the pattern
is difficult for anyone who is not familiar with the system of
pokit.ical subdivisic.ns to understand. On all Soviet maps,
a separate boundary symbol is used for Union Republics.
Another symbol is used for Autonomous Republics, non-
national Oblasts, and Krays (except for a few older maps on
which the ASSR's are distinguished by an individual symbol).
The use of the same symbol for national and non-national
unite: conceals the basic structure of the Soviet Union from
anyone who cannot read the Russian names. On maps of
Eurp,pean USSR, Autonomous Oblasts are shown by a separate
symbbol; but in the Khabarovsk Kray, Autonomous Oblasts and
non-national Oblasts have the same boundary symbol. National
Okra gs are always shovin by a distinctive boundary symbol.
The boundaries of only the rural Rayons are shown on
np3. Urban Rayon boundaries are given only on large-scale
city plans or on insets of some Soviet regional political-
administrative maps.
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Maps of the Soviet Union made by other countries
usually fail to show boundaries correctly. The maps err
in several respects: (1) they are usually out of date and
convequentl,y fall to show recent administrative changes;
(2) t zey create false impressions by using English-language
equivalents for Russian administrative units; (3) if selected
ante ?nal boundaries are shown, the selection Is made without
regard to the characteristics of the Soviet administrative
system; and (4) boundary symbols on the face of the map and
in the legend do not agree. Examples of some of the errors
appear on the National Geographic Society map, Union of
Stet Socialist Republics, 1:9,000,000, December 194. The
errors are impor n ecause the map has been used more
widely than any other English-language. map of the Soviet
Unic:n. Five categories of administrative divisions are shown:
Union Republic, Autonomous Republic, Autonomous Oblast,
Kray, and Oblast. The total number of these units is shown
only for Union Republics and ]Kays. Confusion is increased
because individual boundary symbols are not used for the
divih4ons, and because most of the divisions are not adequately
iden"ified by name.
The only boundary Information that is available for
the entire USSR is for large political divisions. No informa-
tion is available for the Uyezds of the three Baltic Republics.
For about two-thirds of the USSR, there is adequate informa-,
tion on Rayon boundaries, but all of the information is not of
the =:$ame date. The exact location of urban Rayon boundaries
is kiiown for only a few cities.
The complexity of the Soviet administrative system,
coupled with inadequate information, makes it practically
impossible to prepare a map that will show the intricate
Interrelation among the Soviet administrative. divisions with
corn fete accuracy. Whatever method of representing bound-
arie3 is used, however, should indicate clearly the distinction
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betw3en national and non-national divisions. Available
source material and the scale of the map will determine
which of the administrative divisions can be shown.
One possible arrangement is the use of distinctive
boundary symbols for all types of administrative units and
the c: tv?sion of the legend into two .rts, as indicated below:
National Divisions
Union Republic
Autonomous Republic
Autonomous Oblast
National Okrug
Non-National Divisions
Kray
Oblast (Uyezd in the, Baltic Republics)
Oblast within Kharabovsk Kray
Another arrangement, which was used on USSR
Adar:inistrative Divisions (CIA 10489.1), combines the two
cues of divisions into a single group, as follows:
Union Republic
Autonomous Republic
Kray. or Oblast
Autonomous Oblast or Oblast within Kharabovs K ray
National Okrug
Thhc, arrangement is more compact than the first described
and the combination of A.C.'s with. Oblasts within Kharabovsk
Kra,f reduces to five. the number of symbols used. The arrange-
ment, however, tends to obscure the dual basis of the Soviet
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administrative system and may seem to imply incorrect
adantnistr ative rank. For example, a Kray appears to be
subordinate to an ASSR, which is not the case. If some
administrative divisions must be omitted, the non-national
divisions should be the first to be dropped. If further
omissions are needed, the lowest divisions on the "national-
ities ladder" should be left out first.
Use Soviet Place Names and Administrative Terms
On maps published in the United States, Soviet place
names may be given in either a transliterated or an anglicized
form of the Soviet original. If Soviet names are transliterated,
the transliteration system adopted by the US Board on Geographic
Nancs (BGN) should be followed. The British Permanent Com-
mittee on Geographic Names (PCGN) has recently adopted the
BGN system. The use of a single system by the two nations will
ultimately result in standardized English forms for Russian
place names, and will eliminate much of the confusion that has
existed in the past.
The anglicization of place names, as used in this
artice and on the accompanying chart, has the advantage of
situp'*icity and brevity. The Soviet administrative terms have
been retained in all cases. This practice is recommended
because there are no English or American equivalents of
Soviet administrative divisions. Consequently, terms such
as province, state, or county give false impressions when
applifd to Russian administrative divisions. Maps,, books,
and documents published in English that have attempted to
use equivalents for Soviet administrative terms have merely
increased the confusion. For example, when reference is
made to the Kazakh Republic, there is no indication as to
whether the present Union Republic (created on 5 December
-15-
RESTRIC TED
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RES713,ICTED
193() or the earlier Kazakh ASSR is meant. Similarly,
both. "Alma-Ata Region" and "Alma-Ata, district" might
refer either to Alma Ata Oblast (with an area of 103,000
sq..1m.) or to Alms -Ata Rayon (with an area of 1,000
sq. The simp'est way to avoid possibility of error
is to re-tin the Soviet terminology in anglicized form.
_16-
RESTRICTED
Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP79-01005A000100100001-3
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Sumy 1939
Ternopol' 1939
Trans-Carpathian 1946
Buryat-Mongol 1923
Chuvash 1925
ti Dagestan 1921
as Kabardin 1936
Komi Komi 1936 Mari 1936
a' s Mordvin 1934
North Osetian 1936
Tatar 1920
Udmurt 1934
8 Yakut 1922
Q~Q
x
Gorno Altay 1922
rKhakass A.0. 1930
Kaluga 1944
Kemerovo 1943
Kostrama 1944
Kuibyshev 1936
Novgorod 1944
Novosibirsk 1937
Ryazan' 1937
Saratov 1936
Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP79-01005A000100100001-3
08LASTS
Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP79-01005A000100100001-3
D
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rn
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d
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3
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00
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W
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Odessa
1932
z
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Poltava
1937
w
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Rovno
1939
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w
Stalino
1938
~
Stanislav
1939
Approved For Release 1999/09/26 : CIA-RDP79-01005A000100100001-3
RESTRICTED
IL BRIEF NOTICE
A. A LIST OF POLITICAL ENTITIES
A publication of the Statistical Office of the United
Nations, "Nomenclature Geographic Areas for Statistical
Pur noses" (Statistical Pa rs, Series M, No. 1, Lake Success,
N.Y