MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01005A000200010002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 1, 1952
• Content Type: BULL

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SECURITY INFORMATION
IL S. OFFICIALS ONLY
MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN
CIA/RR MR-30
January 1952
DOCUMENT NO.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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WARNING
THIIi DOCUMENT CONTAIN!: INFORMATION AFFECTING THE
NATIONAL DEFENSE OF TH E UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE
MEANING OF TITLE 18, SECTIONS 793 AND 794 OF THE
U. S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REV -
ELA'ION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UN-
AUTEIORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
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MAID RESEARCH BULLETIN
CIA/RR MR-30
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
January 1952
P79-01005A000200010002-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
Problem of the International Map of the World
Page
and Related Series
1
II.
Maps in the United Nations Treaty Series . . .
.
11
IV.
Brief Notices
21
A. Maps of the Administrative Boundaries of
Iraq
21
B. Boundary between the International Zone
Of Tangier and Spanish Morocco
22
C. New Metal Industries Map of France ? 0 ?
0
23
D. Railroads of Tropical Africa, 1950
25
MAPS
Following Page
Index of World Map Coverage on the Scale of
1:1,000,000 (CIA 9225) 5
Railroads of Tropical Africa (CIA 11798) 25
This bulletin has not been coordinated with the intelligence
organizations of the Departments of State, the Army, the Navy,
and the Air Force.
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I. THE PROBLEM OF THE INTERNATIONAL MAP OF THE WORLD AND RELAitll
SERIES!
The International Map and the United Nations
One of the greatest contributions of the International Map of
the World (IMM) has been the establishment of a fixed pattern of sheet-
lines for world map coverage. Each sheet, measuring 4? latitude by
60 longitude, has served as a unit in a sheet framework for map series
at the scale of 1:1,000,000 and for subdivision into sheets at larger
scales as well. After 1939 the war made the operation of an inter-
national map project impractical, but various countries continued
the production of numerous series of maps (often incorrectly called
IMW's), using the same convenient scale and format although not
necessarily following other specifications of the IMW. After the
war a desire for the completion of the original project was evident,
1. The Carte Internationale du Monde au Millionieme, better known in
the United States and Great Britain as the International Map of the
World, is a uniform map series at the scale of 1:1,000,000. The
original purpose was a compilation of all existing data into a world
reference atlas for international use. That such a map would make
possible a comparison of the regions of the earth on an equal basis
was a primary factor. The modified polyconic projection was chosen
to provide such a comparative framework, the straight meridians permit-
ting a joining with adjacent sheets (on sides only). The IMW project
was initiated in 1909 as a result of discussions held in previous
meetings of the International Geographical Congress. Uniform
specifications were set up at International Map Conferences of 1909
and 1913. Each country adhering to the project was to be responsible
for mapping its own area. A volunteer organization, the Central
Bureau, was to coordinate the IMW, although it had no enforceable
administrative powers.
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but the wartime destruction of the office of the Central Bureau in
Southampton, England, gave impetus for considering the transfer of
this coordinating function to some other location.
The United Nations has been recognized as a logical place for
such a central bureau as a result of the attempts of the UN to co-
ordinate various intergovernmental organizations in the field of
cartography. The Co-ordination Committee of the Economic and Social
Council had concerned itself with preventing duplication or dispersion
of effort among all types of intergovernmental organizations, in-
cluding specialized agencies under the UN.1 The international
organizations functioning in the field of cartography were also
discussed in connection with the proposed stimulation of carto-
graphic production and coordination on a-world-wide basis through the
UN. Thus through the double influence of the desire for inter-
governmental simplification and cartographic coordination, the
future status of the IMW and the Central Bureau became a signifi-
cant question facing the UN.
An additional indirect influence has been the work of the parent
organization of the original IMW -- the International Geographical Union.
1. More detailed information concerning the work of the UN with
regard to intergovernmental organizations and cartographical co-
ordination can be found in the following E Bulletins of the Economic
and Social Council: 257, 258, 483, 609, 620, 649, 695, 963, 1070,
1318, 1322, 1449, 1450, 1467, 2022, and 2117.
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The IMW was discussed at the International Geographical Congress held
at Lisbon, Portugal, in April 1949. A new commission on the IMW was'
set up under the leadership of John K. Wright of the United States.
This Commission was to review the project, especially with a view to
its use as a base for the mapping of ecological and statistical data.
A population map of the world at the one-million scale was included
in the discussions. During May 1949, Dr. Wright met with members
of the present Ordnance Survey of Great Britain (under which the
Central Bureau has functioned), and the possibility of a transfer
of the Bureau to the UN was considered.
Later, a resolution was passed by the Economic and Social
Council of the UN in July 1949 requesting the Secretary-General to
examine the possibility of absorbing the Central Bureau into the UN.
The examination took the form of correspondence with the President
of the Bureau, who voiced the need for the continuation of some
type of coordinating body for the IMW.
In early September 1951 the Co-ordination Committee of the
Economic and Social Council recommended for adoption by the Council
a resolution calling upon the Secretary-General to effect a trans-
fer of the Central Bureau of the International Map to a newly
created Cartographic Office of the UN. The assent to the transfer
of those adhering governments that had maintained contact with
?
the Bureau since the end of World War II was to be obtained.
Finally, recommendations were to be submitted to the Economic and
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Social Council on appropriate means for furthering the completion of
the IMW. The resolution was passed unanimously by the Council on 20
September 1951.
Present Status of the IMW and Related Map Series
Since the outbreak of war in 1939, very little official work
has been done on the International Map, and fewer than half of the
49 adhering countries of that year have been in communication with
the Central Bureau. The United States has produced eight sheets
since the outbreak of the war.' Two sheets have been published by
the British Geographical Section, General Staff, as part of GSGS
Series 4646 at the scale of 1:1,000,000. It is reported that this
series is to be discontinued. The above-mentioned GSGS sheets
(NL 32 and NH 36) duplicate older officialIMW contributions but
are up to date and appear to be of high quality. In the Military
Engineer for September-October 1949, a new eight-sheet series
covering Norway is referred to as a part of the International Map.
Actually this series is a special edition to be considered as a
national atlas, since detailed information on foreign areas adjoin-
ing Norway is not included on the maps.
1. The mapping plans of the U.S. Geological Survey do not include
any further IMW sheets. A total of 12 sheets has been produced, and
2 others are at present in reproduction.
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The present status of the International Map, which will be of
immediate concern to the UN Cartographic Office, is difficult to eval-
uate, primarily because of the great number of sheets published and
their varied quality (see accompanying map, CIA 9225). Much of this
confusion is a result of the inconsistency of the Central Bureau in
the acceptance of official and unofficial sheets. An example of this
is the continued listing of the Brazil sheets as standard even after
they were made obsolete by the publication of the "Millionth Map"
sheets for Brazil by the American Geographical Society. The latter
series is considered provisional by the Society (to serve until the
Latin American republics compile official sheets) but it also is
classified as standard by the Central Bureau. Although the Reports
issued by the Bureau from 1921 through 1938 are the best source for
information on all sheets published, they are defective in some
respects. The revised sheets of GSGS 2758, covering a large area of
Europe, are not mentioned. Also omitted are the 6 sheets of Libya
and the 14 full or partial sheets of Ethiopia published by Italy
(1934-37). With the publication of nearly 600 different sheets at
1:1,000,000 since the outbreak of World War II and the consequent
duplication and outdating of many previous official sheets of the
IMW, the difficulties now facing a Central Bureau can be appreciated.
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The following breakdown of total coverage is made on the basis
,o
of 4? by b sheet areas.1 This is necessary owing to the inconsistency
with which sheets of the higher north latitudes are combined.
IMW Coverage by Number of Sheets
Sheets required to cover the continental land masses and
larger islands 974
Standard, provisional, and American Geographical Society
sheets published 459
Duplicate sheets 57
Total number of sheet areas covered by IMW /102
Standard editions published 147
Provisional editions published (including the 107 sheets of
the American Geographical Society) 255
Wartime Sheets at 1:1,000,000
Sheet areas covered by maps produced in the period during
and following World War II . 589
Wartime sheets covering areas not mapped by earlier
.standard or provisional IMW sheets 317
Total 4? x 60 sheet areas (out of the 974 required for world
coverage) that have been published at the scale of
1:1,000,000 719
1. The index map published in the "Catalogue des Cartes en Service"
published in 1949 by L'Institut C4ographique National of France is
an analysis of one-million coverage and correlates very closely
with the 1938 Report of the Central Bureau. Another recent
article on the IMW is by Dean Rugg and appears in the April 1951
issue of the Scientific Monthly.
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As mentioned previously the fixed format of the IMW was a con-
tributing factor in the production of numerous map series at 1:100,000
during World. War 11.1 Such unofficial series were produced by the
USSR, Germany, Great Britain, the United States, arid China.2 Italy
and Japan also published a limited number of such mabs. The probable
nonparticApation of the USSR and its Satellites as well as Communist
China in any rejuvenated IMW program under theY UN may make it necessary
that such areas be mapped by outside agencies if the program is to be
completed. In such an event the 1:1,000,000 wartime sheets could
serve as a valuable aid in the preparation of semiofficial maps for
a complete International Map of the World.
1. The IMW and related 1:1,000,000 series should not be confused with
the World Aeronautical Chart of the International Civil Aviation Organi-
zation (ICAO), which is at the same scale. The latter international
project bears certain resemblances to the IMW, but the maps are different
in purpose. Whereas the IMW is a geographical map of a general and
comprehensive character, the ICAO charts have been specially devised
primarily to meet the requirements of visual navigation. The projec-
tions and sheetlines of the two series differ, and the general feeling
is that each series performs a separate task and that one should not
be substituted for the other.
2. Franz von Grenacher, "Die Internationale Weltkarte, 1:1,000,000
im Zeitspeschen," Geographica Helvetica, Vol. II, No. 2 (April 1947),
pp. 112-122. This probably is the best general source on World War
II mapping at 1:1,000,000. An English translation is available in
the AMS Library.
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The situation with regard to the series related to the IMW is as
follows:
USSR -- The Tsarist Government was originally a member of the
International Map project. After the 1917 revolution the Soviet Gov-
ernment failed to recognize this responsibility but continued to pub-
lish a map at the scale of 1:1,000,000, using IMW sheetlines. This
map was primarily a production of the Soviet military mapping agency,
and a considerable number of sheets were published. The sheets vary
considerably in reliability and appearance, and the use of layer tints
and forest symbols is not uniform. The International Map program
left an indelible imprint on the Soviet mapping system, since the
sheetline format of the IMW has been used as the basic framework on
which the subdivision of larger-scale series into sheet areas was
based.
In 1940 the USSR undertook, as a part of the Third Five Year
Plan, ,the construction of a new map of the country at the scale of
1:1,000,000 covering the Soviet territory in 180 sheets. This proj-
ect involved the conversion of the older military survey map into
the "National Map" of the USSR. In designing this map, many of the
IMW features were adopted, including sheetlines and projection. The
series was compiled by a civilian agency--the Chief Administration
of Geodesy and Cartography (GUGK) -- with the aid of the Topographical
Service of the General Staff of the Red Army. The completion of this
map, which incorporated the most recent data available, was achieved
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in 1946. Some of these sheets, particularly those covering northeastern
Siberia, are available in the United States and show much improvement
over the older series.
Germany -- The General Staff of the German Army before and dur-
ing World War II was able to complete an extensive 1:1,000,000 series
covering Europe, all of European Russia, parts of India, Africa south
to the Congo, and the Near East. Since these maps were based on
available material rather than surveys, they varied considerably.
Where good sources were available, facsimiles were made, but for many
areas the compilation of new sheets was required. The capture by the
Germans of Russian maps in 1942-43 made possible a new 1:11000,000
series for European Russia. Before that time the unlayered British
GSGS series of 1916-20 was the principal source.
The United Kingdom and the United States - Between 191.1.2 and
1946 the British GSGS and Amy Map Service of the United States col-
laborated in compiling and publishing several 1:1,000,000 series. The
most recent of these was a world series, AMS 1301, which covers most
of Eurasia, Africa, and Australia. Because the source material varied
greatly in quality, it is difficult to make any generalizations as to
the reliability Of the series. Many of the sheets were facsimiles,
and those sheets that were recompiled usually contained less detail
than did the standard 1MW's. The sheets covering the USSR and China
relied heavily on the basic 1:1,000,000 sheets produced by those two
countries, wherever they were available.
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China -- Between 1943 and 1948 the Bureau of Survey, Ministry of
National Defense (Chinese Nationalists), compiled and printed a series
of sheets that uses IMW sheet format and covers all of China. This atlas
uses Chinese characters exclusively, and in general its reliability
decreases from east to west. For south and southeast China the most
accurate large-scale map sources were available. For areas farther
west, medium- and small-scale maps were the basic material for the
1:1,000,000 sheets.
Conclusions
Many members of the UN appear to favor continuance Of work on
the International Nap of the World. In spite of the lack of recent
progress in the production of new IMW sheets, the value of this series
has been generally recognized. The possible lack of support from the
Communist areas may call for the publication of a semiofficial series
in order to complete the project for those areas. The authority
exercised by the United Nations and the coordination that the UN
Cartographic Office may provide are reasons given for a transfer of
the Central Bureau of the IMW to the UN, where international attention
could then be focused on this problem of map production.
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II. MAPS IN THE UNI.LED NATIONS TREATY SERIES ?
The United Nations Treaty Series (UNTO has become one of the
major collections of treaties and agreements. In it are published all
treaties, agreements, and similar international acts that are regis-
tered or recorded with the UN by any one of the states that is party to
the agreement. About 60 volumes of the series have been published to
date. gram the point of view of boundsry information and map making
the series is of interest because it includes maps which form part of
the treaties and agreements. In nearly all cases the Maps deal with
boundary settlements.
The inclusion of maps in the UNTS represents an improvement
over earlier general treaty collections. The League of Nations Treaty
Series, which was the predecessor of the UNTS, contained few maps,
and these few werein the later volumes. The British and Foreign State
Papers and Martens' Nouveau recueil gen4ral de traites did not include
maps. The gap ITEW partially filled by Hertslet's two great specialized
collections -- Map of Europe by Treaty and Map of Africa by Treaty --
but these are quite old. Generally speaking, it was necessary for the
limp research worker to use the official published documents of different
governments when considering a single problem, but even then it might
be found that a map which formed an integral part of an agreement had
not been published with any of the text of that agreement. The maps
_RpoTRIcama
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published in the UNTS are nearly all to be found elsewhere in scattered
official publications, but the assembling of them in this one collec-
tion should simplify the task of the research worker considerably.
The maps as reproduced in the UNTS volumes are as detailed and
legible as circumstances permit. The maps of the French-Italian bound-
ary, the map of the Burma-Yunnpn boundary, and the map of the boundary
between British Guiana and Brazil, with its insets and accompanying
diagrams, are detailed enough to be of considerable value as source
materials in map compilation. The editors of the series, on the other
hand, cannot be expected to improve upon their source materials, and
for this reason some of the maps are unsatisfactory. Most of the ma-
terial on the map accompanying the Polish-Soviet boundary treaty is
illegible, yet this is the same map that accompanied the official
version of the treaty appearing in the Polish Journal of Laws, No. 35,
26 April 1947. The maps accompanying the peace treaties with Bulgaria,
Hungary, Finland, Italy, and Rumania include the over-all country maps
at scales ranging from 1:1,000,000 to 1:3,000,000. In spite of their
official nature, these maps are so generalized that their usefulness
in plotting the postwar boundaries is limited.
?
Included in the collection are nearly all of the treaties and
agreements concerning postwar territorial transfers and boundary
changes. One significant exception is the Czechoslovak-Soviet treaty
of 29 June 1945 providing for the cession of Ruthenia to the USSR,
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which is not to be found in the volumes thus far published. Following
is a list of agreements accompanied by maps that appear in the UNTS,
Volumes 1 through 59, with the exception of Volumes 51 and 52, which
were missing from the sets examined:
1. The UN and the Swiss Confederation Agreement on the Ariana
Site, Berne, 11 June 1946, and New York, 1 July 1946. UNTS Vol. 1
(1946-47) pp. 154-161. Ownership and use by the UN of properties
formerly belonging to the League of Nations in Geneva. Map: L'A part
of the city of Geneva, showing tracts transferreq7.
2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
and Brazil, exchange of notes approving the General Report of the
Special Commissioners appointed to demarcate the boundary line between
British Guiana and Brazil (with General Report of the Commissioners),
Rio de Janeiro, 15 March 1940. LUIS Vol. 5 (1947), pp. 71-203.
Maps: a. Map of the Boundary Between British Guiana and Brazil,
1:1,000,000, with insets at 1:20,000, 1:30,000, and 1:50,000.
b. [Index Map of the 1:50,000 series of boundary maps].
c.
[Detailed sketches of a few boundary marker locations].
3. Poland and the USSR, Treaty concerning the Polish-Soviet
state frontier, Moscow, 16 August 1945. UNTS Vol. 10 (19)1.7), pp.
194-201.
Map: [International boundary between USSR and Poland]. A note on the
map states: "The line of the state frontier between the Union of
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Soviet Socialist Republics and Poland corresponds to the frontier line
marked on the 1:1,500,000 map annexed to the treaty." This apparently
refers to the manuscript map attached to the signed copies of the
treaty. The published map is at a scale about 1:1,080,000 ,and the
base is copied from a Soviet 1:500,000 map.
4. China and the United Kingdom, Exchange of notes on the de-
marcation of the sduthern section of the Yunnan-Burma boundary and the
joint exploitation of the Lufang mines, Chungking, 18 June 1941. UNIS
Vol. 10 (1947), pp. 228-242.
Maps: a. Map of the Lufang mining area, in which the Chinese
are granted a share in the exploitation.
b. Map of the Chinese-British joint boundary commission for
the investigation of the undemarcated southern section of the Yunnan-
Burma boundary, 1:250,000. This joint commission worked in 1935-1937.
The line finally chosen in 1941 differs from the commission proposals
and is inserted in red on this map.
5. China and the USSR, Treaty of friendship and alliance,
Moscow, 14 August 1945. UNTS Vol. 10 (1947), pp. 334-369.
Map: Map of Port Arthur, 1:500,000, annex to Article 2 of the agree-
ment on Port Arthur, which was signed at the same time as the treaty.
6. United Nations and USA, Interim headquarters agreement, Lake
Success, 18 December 1947. UNTS Vol. 11 (1947), pp. 348-359.
Map: Map of Property Situated at Lake Success.
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. 7. China and the United Kingdom, Exchange of notes giving effect
to the customs agreement between China and Hong Kong, Nanking, 12
January 1948. UNTS Vol. 14 (1948), pp. 75-91.
Map: Sketch Map of Hong Kong Territorial Waters, 1:186,000. The agree-
ment states that the Government of Hong Kong grants to the Chinese
Maritime Customs service liberty to "enter upon and patrol those areas
in Hong Kong waters described in the Schedule appended hereto (herein-
after called 'prohibitive areas') and therein to stop any vessel for
the purpose of examining her papers...." The areas are shown by cross
hatching on the map.
8. Treaty of Peace with Bulgaria, Paris410 February 1947.
UNTS Vol. 41 (1949), pp. 21-134.
Map: Map of Bulgaria, 1:1,000,000.
9. Treaty of Peace with Hungary, Paris, 10 February 1947. UNTS
Vol. 41 (1949), pp. 135-262.
Maps: a. Map of Hungary, 1:1,000,000.
b. Rectification of the frontier between Hungary and
Czechoslovakia, 1:75,000. New and old boundaries south of Bratislava
are given on the map.
10. Treaty of Peace with Rumania, Paris, 10 February 1947. UNTO
Vol. 42 (1949), pp. 3-124.
Map: Map of Rumania, 1:1,500,000.
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11. Israel and Jordan, General Armistice Agreement, Rhodes,
3 April 1949. UNTS Vol. 42, (1949), pp. 304-325.
Maps:1
a. Map 1, part 1, Palestine North Sheet, 1:250,000.
b. Map 1, part 2, Palestine South Sheet, 1:250,000.
c. Map 2, Jerusalem, 1:10,000.
These maps show the armistice demarcation lines and demilitarized
zone established by the agreement.
12. Israel and Syria, General Armistice Agreement, signed
near Mahanaylm, 20 July 1949. UNTS Vol. 42 (1949), pp. 328-351.
Map:1 Levant 1:50,000, Houle' Sheet, which shows the armistice de-
marcation lines and demilitarized zones.
13. Treaty of Peace with Finland, Paris, 10 February 1947,
UNTS Vol. 48 (1950), pp. 203-304.
Map: Map of Finland, 1:2,000,000.
14. Treaty of Peace with Italy, Paris, 10 February 1947. UNTO
Vol. 49 (1950). The text makes up the entire volume. UNTS Vol. 50
(1950) is a folder containing the maps.
Maps:
a. The Frontiers of Italy, 1:3,000,000.
b. Franco-Italian frontier, 19 sheets at 1:20,000.
c. Italo-Yugoslav frontier, 1:100,000.
d. Frontiers of the Free Terrirory of Trieste, 1:100,000.
e. Sea areas defined in Article 11 of the Treaty, 1:918,472.
1. The maps for the Israel-Jordan and Israel-Syria agreements are in
a pocket at the end of Volume 42, although it originally was intended
that they should be inserted in the volume with the texts.
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IV. BRIEF NOTICES
A. MAPS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES OF IRAQ
Within recent months, seven new administrative maps of indi-
vidual liwas df Iraq have been received by the CIA Map Library. The
new sheets, together with seven other maps that have been available
since 1947, comprise the most recent series of administrative maps
published by the Survey Directorate Baghdad, and are the most ac-
curate official administrative maps of the liwas of Iraq that are
available at present.
Each of the 14 liwas of Iraq is covered on a single Arabic-
script sheet at 1:250,000 or 1:500,000, depending on the size of
the ltwa concerned. AmAra, Basra, Erbil, Hilla, Karbala, nt al
lmara, Muntafiq, and Sulaidiniya are mapped at 1:250,000 (CIA Map
Library Call No. 69278), whereas Baghdad, Dlwilmlya, Diyafa, Dulaim,
Hirklik and Mosul are covered at 1:500,000 (CIA. Map Library Call No.
69805).
First-, second-, and third-order administrative divisions
(liwa, qadha, and nahiya, respectively) are shown, and the numerous
terrain and transportation features included, make the orientation of
the boundaries comparatively easy. In this respect, especially, the
maps are superior to the maps of tribal and administrative boundaries
at 1:253,440, CIA Map Library Call NO. 14.7511.9 (see Map Research
Bulletin No. 9, September 1949, p. 14).
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The three Desert Administration Directorates in Iraq are not
shown by any of the newly received maps or those at 1:253,440. How-
ever, Arabic-script 1500,000 maps of the boundaries of the Northern
Desert Administration, Al Badiya Ash Shimaliya (CIA Map Library Call
No. 46969), and the Southern Desert Administration, Al Badiya Al
Juniabiya (CIA Map Library Call No. 46970), have been available in
Washington for some time. No official or reliable map of the
boundaries of the Al JazTra Desert Administration, Al Badiya Al
Jazira, is yet available (see Map Research Bulletin, No. 25, May
1951, p. 30).
In many cases the internal administrative boundaries of
Iraq have never been accurately determined. As a result, many of
the boundary lines are highly generalized, and disagreements among
the various maps purporting to show liwa boundaries are common.
Nevertheless, the present maps represent a considerable improvement
for both general reference and compilation purposes over any pre-
viously available maps presenting this information.
B. BOUNDARY BETWEEN 111.6 INTERNATIONAL ZONE OF TANGIER AND SPANISH
yoRocco
On 30 January 1951 a law was passed by the Committee of
Control for the International Zone of Tangier approving the Protocol
of 24 August 1950 that delimits the new boundary between the Zone of
Tangier and Spanish Morocco. Thus negotiations transacted over a
period of 20 years regarding this subject were brought to a conclusion.
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The law and the accompanying Protocol are published in the Zone de
Tanger, Bulletin Officiel, No. 421, 15 April 1951, French edition
(also in a Spanish edition). The description of the boundary in
the Protocol is brief, and few locational points are given.
According to the Protocol a detailed survey of the frontier
between the Zone of Tangier and Spanish Morocco will correspond
"exactly" to the line marked in green on an accompanying map at
1:10,000 drawn after the Convention of 24 August 1950 (CIA Map
Library Call No. 74013 photostat). The map is an aid in locat-
ing places mentioned in the Protocol. It is especially valuable
for its representation of the boundary between Dal-el-Games and
Sidi EMbarek, for which the text is insufficient, since it merely
states that the boundary follows the natural limits recognized by
the Spanish and Tangier deputy-commissions of delimitation. The
map,' however, is of limited general use because it covers only a_
narrow band along the boundary and lacks coordinates.
C. NEW METAL INDUSTRIES MAP OF FRANCE
In June 1951 the Union des Industries Mgtallurgiques at
-Mini:%eres, Paris, published .a new metallurgical map of France,
Carte de la France Metallurgique (CIA Map Library Call No. 72996),
which gives the location of the metallurgical and metalworking
establishments and of iron mines in France by individual symbols.
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It is the first complete map of French steel and related plants pub-
lished since 1932. Henri Caucal, Chef du Service des Statistiques,
Chambre Syndicale de la Side'rurgie Francaise (an organization which
corresponds to the American Iron and Steel Institute), has stated
that this map is not only the best map of its kind for France but
also, as far as he knows, is unique for the great amount of accurate
detail presented.
The map consists of three sheets, one each for the northern
and southern parts of France at the scale of approximately
1:1,625,000, and a third map of Paris and vicinity. The first two
sheets include nine larger-scale insets of metallurgical centers.
On each of the sheets is a complete list of the hundreds of indivi-
dual plants within its area, along with their products, and of the
iron mines, arranged by dgpartement and town (in Paris by
arrondissement). Consequently the map serves as a directory of
metalworking installations. No indication, however, is given of
the size of individual establishments.
The map itself is highly detailed, showing 19 major types of
such metal industries as blast furnaces, steel mills, foundries,
copper mills, machinery factories, electrical goods factories, auto-
mobile factories, and cokeries. For each locality the number of
symbols given indicates the number of plants, and the type of symbol
indicates the nature of the industry. Isolated plants are accurately
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located. For larger industrial centers the symbols are blocked,
with no effort being made to give the exact location of each. The
only mines shown on the map are iron mines, which are distinguished
as in operation and not in operation.
D. RAILROADS OF TROPICAL AFRICA, 1950
The accompanying map, Railroads of Tropical Africa, 1950
(CIA 11798), is the fourth and last of a series of maps prepared
by the Geographic Division of CIA on railroads of Africa. The first
three of these maps: Railroads of North Africa, 1950; French and
Spanish Zones (CIA 11746) Railroads of Egypt and Libya, 1950 (CIA
11747), and Railroads of South Africa, 1950 (CIA 11799), were pub--
lished in Map Research Bulletins 25, 26, and 28.
Map Errata -7 CIA 11798
The single-track railroad of 3'6" gauge extending from Uvira
to Ramanyola in the eastern Belgian Congo has been omitted.
The railroad between Jos and Zaria in Nigeria is 2'6" gauge
and not 2'5 1/2" as shown.
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_ Tropt
SAUDI ARABIA
11798
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RAILROADS OF TROPICAL AFRICA, 1950
MAP 3 of a series of four maps showirsg the railroads of Africa
See also: CIA 11746-RAILROADS OF NORTH AFRICA, 1950
CIA 11747-RAILROADS OF EGYFT AND LIBYA, 1950
CIA 11799-RAILROADS OF SOUTH AFRICA 1950
CLASSIFICATION
4,81/2" (1.435 meter) gauge, single track
36n 11.067 meter) gauge, single track (line electrified, Jadotville to Tenkel
3,3%, (1 meter) gauge, single track (double track, Dakar to Thies)
3136 (0.95 meter) gauge, single track
2,6, 10.76 meter) gauge, single track
25W (0.75 meter) gauge, single track
2061", (0.615 meter) gauge, single track
20(0.61 meter) gauge, single track
111% 10.60 meter) gauge, single track
onvosOs
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OWNERSHIP
1. Chemins de Per de l'Afrique Occidentale Franoise (A.O.F.)
2. Chemins de Per du Togo (C.F.T.)
3. Service des Travaux Publics du Soudan
4. Chemin de Err du Cameroun (C PC)
5. Chemin de Err Congo-Ocean (C.O.)
6, Regie des Chemins de Err de Madagascar (C.F.M.)
7. Chemin de Feral Port de la Reunion (C.P.R.)
8. Compagnie du Chemin de Per Franco.Ethlopien de Djibouti a Addis.Abeba (C.F.E.)
9. The Eritrean Railways and RopewaY
10. East Africa Railways and Harbours Administration (EAR. & H.) (Konza.Magadi operated only by EAR. & FL)
11. Caminhos de Ferro de Luanda (C.F.L.)
12. Caminhos de Ferro de Benguela (C.F.B.) (private)
13. Caminhos de Ferro de Mogarnedes (C.F.M)
14. Amboim Railway (private)
15. Gpio.Dombe Grande Railway (private)
16. Compagnie du Chemin de Per du Bas-Congo au Katanga (B.C.K.) (private/
17. Compagnie des Chemins de Far du Congo Superieur aux Grands Lacs Africains (C.F.L.1 (private)
18. Office d'Exp(oitation des Transports Coloniaux (OTRACO) ,
19. Societe des Cherninsde ler Vicinaux du Congo (C.V.C.) (State-owned but concession given to C.V.C.)
20. Societe Internationale Forestidre et Miniere (private)
21. Cultures au Congo Beige (private)
22. Huileries Congo Beige (private)
23. Sudan Railways
24. Sudan Plantation Syndicate (private)
25. Sierra Leone Government Railway
26. Sierra Leone Development Company, Ltd. (private)
27. Gold Coast Railway (G.C.R.)
28. Nigerian Railway System
29. Cameroons Development Corporation (private)
30. Rhodesia Railways, Ltd. (R.R.)
31. Zambezi Sawmills Logging Line
32 Direccao dos Servicos dos Portos, Caminhos de Ferro e Transportes da Colonia de Mocambique (C.F.M.)
33. Trans-Zambesia Railway Co., Ltd. (T.Z.R.) (private) (Beira.Dondo owned by the Concessionaire Company,
Beira Railway Company, Ltd.)
34. Central Africa Railway Company Limited
35. Nyasaland Railways Limited (N.R.) (private)
36. South African Railways and Harbours (S.A.R.)
37. Mauritius Government Railways
38. Liberia Mining Company (private)
Scale I:12400.000
0 50 103 200 30 330
0 IDD 200 30o SOO 500
11798 CIA, 10-51
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