MAP INTELLIGENCE REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01005A000200010006-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: August 1, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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URITY INFORMATION
U. S. OFFICIALS ONLY4
MAP INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
CIA/RR MR-3 3 "CUMENT NO. -
NO CHANGE IN CLASS,
VSIECLASSIFIED
LA S. CHANGED TO: IS $ C
NEXT REVIEW DATE:
ALM+ JPI 70 2
DAT
August 1952
REVIEWER. 004S1 4
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
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WARNING
Ths material contain 3 information affecting
thc national defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mi:sion or revelation cf which in any manner
to sal unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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ON
MAP INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
CIA/RR MR-33
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Cartography in the Polish Six-Year Plan
Page
1
II. Communist Changes in Major Administrative Units
of China and Reorganization of the Northwest
District 5
III. Changes in Yugoslav Administrative Divisions. . . 19
IV. Railroads of Switzerland and Italy 25
V. Postwar Changes in Belgian Railroads 29
VI. New Edition of Dutch Atlas of the World 33
MAPS
Following Page
China, Communist Administrative Areas:
1952 (CIA 12276) 17
Northwest China, Communist Administrative
Divisions (CIA 12036) 17
Yugoslavia, Administrative Divisions:
1951 (CIA 12258) 23
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I. CARTOGRAPHY IN THE POLISH SIX YEAR-PLAN
The program for cartography in the Polish Six-Year Plan (1950
through 1955) is outlined in the January 1952 issue of the Przeglad
Geodezyjny (Geodetic Review). A major part of this program is
geared to the production of an accurate large-scale topographic map
series of Poland.
The need for an accurate map of this type was emphasized in
1946, When the Three-Year Reconstruction Plan was being drafted.
At that time, the First Technical Congress met at Katowice to de-
velop a program that would be far reaching and scientifically sound
and would provide complete map coverage of the current topographic,
sociological, and economic aspects of Poland. The program called
for a series of the country that would satisfy the _needs of a
planned economy. The series is to be at the scale of 1:10,000, and
each sheet is to cover an area of 40 square kilometers
50 by 80 centimeters. Contours, transportation nets,
and measure
settlement
patterns, and administrative divisions are to be shown on the base
maps. The First Technical Congress also discussed the preparation
of land-use, soils and forest-economy maps.
This ambitious project involved a tremendous amount of prepare,-
timincluding the complete training of personnel and the development
of efficient mapping techniques. An appreciation of the magnitude of
the work is reflected in the limited goal set by the First Technical
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Congress -- the mapping of only 7 percent of the area of the country
during the 3-year period, 1947 through 1949. Even so, the Palistwowe
Przedsiebiorstwo Kartograficzne (State Cartographic Enterprise) was
able to attain only 60 percent of this goal, or the mapping of about
11,800 square kilometers. The reason given was the miscalculation
of the amount of damage incurred by the country during the war years.
It was emphasized that the work of the 1947-49 period was essentially
preparation for the more extensive program to follow. Consequently,
when the Six?Year Plan for the economic development of Poland was
announced, the Cartographic Enterprise was assigned the proportion-
ally much larger task of providing maps at 1:10,000 for 170,000
square kilometers, or 60 percent of the entire area of Poland. These
maps are to be produced on the new format prescribed by the State
Cartographic Enterprise and are to follow the program adopted by the
First Technical Congress.
The offices of the Panetwowe Przedeiebiorstwo Fotogrametrii
Kartografii (State Enterprise of Photogrammetry and Cartography) and
the Palistwowe Przedsiebiorstwo Geodezyjne (State Enterprise of
Geodesy) are cooperating on the production of the 1:10,000 series.
The work on this series is divided into two parts. Part I is con-
cerned with the 1188 of existing cadastral material and includes
(1) preparation of work sheets at scales of 1:2,800 or 1:2,500,
(2) reduction of these sheets to the scale of 1:10,000, (3) addition
of contours, (4) field and office checking, and (5) preparation of a
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list of place names. Part II is concerned with aerial photos and
includes (1) taking of the photos, (2) preparation of mosaics,
(3) identification on the photography of established control points,
(4) transferring of contours from a topographic map, and (5) prep-
aration of a list of place names.
Other cartographic goals set up by the Six-Year Plan include
publication of:
1. A powiat, or second-order administrative division, map
at the scale of 1:100,000. A map of this type is needed by various
government offices and institutions that gather data on the basis of
administrative divisions.
2. A tourist map showing the most popular scenic and va-
cation areas.
3. Single-sheet administrative, base, wall, and general
survey maps of the entire country.
I. Atlas Poloki (Polish Atlas), covering the physiographic
and economic aspects of the country. Work on this atlas was begun
in 1943 and is expected to be completed in 1956. One of the sheets
of this atlas, a railroad map, bas been received at the CIA Map
Library (Call No. 6o4o4).
5. Atlas Powszechny (Universal Atlas), which was begun in
1949. It is reported to be patterned on the 'best world atlas,"
which, however, is not identified.
6. A list of place names of the world for use in Polish
cartography.
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7. A map for school use prepared according to the specifi-
cations of Paistwowe Zaklady Wydawnictv Szkolnych (State Education
Publications Enterprise).
It is interesting to note that no mention was made in the Sim
Year Plan of the 1:25,000, 1:100,000, and 1:300,000 series, which
were to be based on the original Polish survey inaugurated in 1927
and were expected to take several decades for completion.
Because few reports have been received, it is not possible at
present to estimate the progress being made on the Six-year Plan.
Considering the limits of prewar mapping capabilities of Poland,
however, it appears improbable that facilities can be expanded
sufficiently and technicians can be trained adequately enough in a
few years to execute a mapping program that requires careful, de-
tailed, and accurate compilation and drafting. Also, judging from
the amount of work accomplished in other countries that have inau-
gurated similar mapping plane, such as Sweden, the goal set is far
more than could be met in a 6-year period.
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II. COMMUNIST CHANGES IN MAJOR ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS OF CHINA
AND REORGANIZATION OF THE NORTHWEST DISTRICT
This article is the fourth of a series of articles on changes
made by the Chinese Communists in the administrative divisions of
China. 2/ The first section of this report deals with changes that
have been made in first-order administrative divisions of China
since 1948. The second section gives the current administrative
set-up in the Northwest Regional Administrative District, one of the
major units into which the Communists have divided the country.
A. Major Communist Administrative Divisions of China
The present administrative organization is the result of efforts
by the Communists during the last 3i years to consolidate their con-
trol over the government of China. Since the publication in 1950
of the last two previous reports on the major administrative divi-
sions, the most significant changes made by the Communists are:
(1) Suiyiian District has been abolished; (2) all of the area that was
included within Suiyilan Province under the Chinese Nationalists is
now included within the North China District; (3) the Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region, formerly under Suiytian District, is at present a
1. The first three articles were: (1) Reorganization of the Admin-
istrative Divisions of Northeast China, Map Research Bulletin No. 10,
October 1949; (2) Chinese Communist Regional Administrative Districts,
Map Research Bulletin No. 16, June 1950; and (3) Reorganization of the
Administrative Areas in North China, Map Research Bulletin No. 17,
August 1950.
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self-governing district; and (4) Tibet 1/ has been included in the
administrative structure of China as a self-governing district.
According to the latest information, China has been divided
into six large regional administrative districts and two self-
governing districts. Included in the 6 regional administrative dis-
tricts are 29 provinces, 8 administrative office districts, and 13
municipalities. The Inner Mongolia self-governing district is com-
posed of 6 leagues. Recent reports indicate that the self-governing
district of Tibet is divided into 3 administrative units.
As reorganized by the Communists, the major administrative
divisions of China and their component parts are as follows (see
map CIA 12276):
North China District -- the provinces of Chahar, Hopeh, Pingyilan,
Shansi, and Suiyuan; the municipalities of Pei-ching
(Peking) and Tlien-ching (Tientsin).
Northwest District -- the provinces of Kansu, Ningsia, Shensi,
Sinkiang, and Teinghai; the municipality of Hai-an (Sian).
Northeast District -- the provinces of Heilungkiang, Jehol,
Kirin, Liaosi, Liaotung, and Sungkiang; the municipalities
of An-shan, Fu-shun, Ld-ta (Dairen), Pen-ch'i, and Shen-
yang (Mukden).
1. The self-governing district of Tibet is the area shown on Chinese
maps as a province of China and should not be confused with the
Tibetan Autonomous District in Sikang Province established at K'ang-
ting on 24 November 1950.
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East China District -- the provinces of Chekiang, Fukien, Shan-
tung, and Taiwan 1/; the administrative office districts
of Huan-nan, Huan-pei, Su-nan, and Su-pei; the municipali-
ties of Nan-ching (Nanking) and Shang-hai (Shanghai).
Central and South District-- the provinces of Honan, Hunan,
Hupeh, Kiangsi, Kwangsi, Kwangtung; the municipalities of
Kuang-chou (Canton) and Wu-han.
Southwest District -- the provinces of Kweichow, Sikang, and
Yiinnan;. the administrative office districts of Chtuan-hsi,
Ch'uan-nan, Chtuan-pei, and Ch'uan-tung; the municipality
of Ch'ung-Ch'ing (Chungking).
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (self-governing district) --
the leagues of Cha-ha-erh, Chao-wu-ta, Che-1i-mu, Hsi-lin-
kuo-lo, Hsing-an and Hu-na.
.Tibet or Hsi-ts'ang (self-governing district).
The regional administrative districts were established to direct
the work of the governments of the component provinces. To meet the
requirements for reconstruction within the administrative districts,
the Communists have: .(1) abolished the Nationalist provinces of
Antung, Hokiang, Hsingan, and Nunkiang in northeastern China;
(2) created the provinces of Liaosi, Liaotung, and Pingyuan; and
(3) readjustea other provincial boundaries. One important boundary
1. From the point of view of the Chinese Communists, Taiwan (Formosa)
is "awaiting liberation."
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change recently reported involves Kwangtung and KWangsi Provinces
in the Central and South District. Four hsien (counties) originally
under the jurisdiction of Kwangtung Ch'in-heien, Fang-ch'eng,
Ho-p'u, and Ling-shan -- were transferred to Kwangsi; and Huai-chi
Helen, formerly in Kwangsi, was transferred to Kwangtung. The
reason for the alteration of these provincial boundaries, according
to Teng Tzu-hui, Vice Chairman of the Central and South China Mili-
tary Administrative Committee, was "the facilitating of control." 1/
There are noteworthy differences in governmental organization
among the six regional administrative districts. The North China
District is directly supervised by the Central Peoples Government.
Regional peoples governments have been established in the Northeast
District and in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The East China,
Central and South, Southwest, and Northwest regional administrative
districts, where Communist control of the governmental machinery has
not been consolidated to as great an extent as in the North China
and Northeast Districts, are under the jurisdiction of military
administrative committees responsible to the Central Government.
In addition to creating the regional administrative districts
and shuffling provinces, the Communists have established new types
of minor administrative divisions in areas where special additional
control seemed needed. Autonomous units have been set up in areas
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peopled by non-Chinese in an effort to.win the support of these
groups and to assure their allegiance to the Communist regime. The
purpose of all the revisions in administrative arrangements being
made by the Peoples Republic of China is to strengthen the Central
Government and to unite the nation by bringing under Communist
control all the areas claimed by China and all nationalities within
those areas.
B. Present Organization of the Northwest District
The Northwest Military Administrative Committee was formed in
Hsi-an (Sian), capital of the Northwest District, on 19 January 1950.
The function of the committee is to direct the work of the Provincial
Peoples Governments of Kansu, Ningsia, Shensi, Sinkiang, and Tsing-
.
hai. The area and boundaries of these five provinces as constituted
under the Nationalist Government have remained unchanged under the
Communists, with one exception -- the transfer of 0-chi-na Chii from
Ningsia to Kansu Province. Changes have been made in names, bound-
aries, and status of the lower-order units in all five of the prov-
inces.
The Communist administrative divisions in Northwest China are
shown superimposed on the former Nationalist units on the accompany-
ing map, CIA 12036; and the present administrative structure of each
province is given in the following tables, including the type of
unit, the type of administration, and the names (or total number) of
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the various minor administrative units. Population and area figures
given are from Jen-min Shou-ts'e. 1/
1. Jen-min Shou-ts'e, (Peoples' New Handbook), Vol. I, Ta Kung-pao
(Great Bookstore, Shanghai), 5 February 1951.
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1. Kansu Shang (Province
Population Area in Sq. Km.
.:6,689,871
391,306
Type of Unit
Chinese Romanization and Translation
Under the Names or
Jurisdiction Total Number
of- of Units 1/
g
Shih (municipality) Province Lan-chou 2/
(Lanchow)
Chuan-ch'U (special
district) Province Ch'ing-yang
Chiu-chilian
Lin-hsia
P'ing-liang
T'ien-shui
Ting-hsi
Wu-tu
Wu-wei
Tzu-chih-chlii (self-
governing district)
Helen (county)
Shih (municipality)
Tzu-chih-ch'il (self-
governing district)
Chuan-shu (special office)
Helen (county)
Province Cho-ni
Province
Special district
Special district
Special district
Kao-lan 3/
Hsia-ho
Lin-hsia
P'ing-liang
T'ien-shui
0-chi-na Ch'i 2/
Su-pei
T'ien-chu
Tung-hsiang
Ch'ing-yang
Ting-hsi
Wu-tu
Wu-wei
Special district 68
1. For names of units given by total number see map CIA 12036.
'2. The seat of government for Kansu Province is located in Lan-chou Shih.
3. Kao-lan, the seat of Kao-lan Haien, is located at the city of Ian-chou (Lanchow)
in the municipality of Lan-chou Shih.
k. The seat of a chuan (special district) may rank either as a shih (munici-
pality) or a chuan-shu (special office).
5. Pays tribute to Ningsia Province but is now under the political administration
of Kansu Province.
6. Not located on map CIA 12036.
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Population
715,656
2. Ningsia Sheng (Province)
Area in Sq. Km.
274,910
Type of Unit
Under the Names or
Bomanization and Jurisdiction Total Number
Chinese Translation of- of Units 1/
Shih (municipality) Province
Wu-chung
Yin-chtuan 2/
(Ningsia)
Tzu-chih-ch'U (self-
governing district) Province A-la-shan Ch'i
Haien (county) Province 13
1. For names of units given by total number see map CIA 12036.
2. The seat of government for Ningsia Province is located at
Yin-ch'uan Shih.
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3. Shensi Sheng (Province)
Population
10,459,411
Area in Sq. Km.
192,051
Type of Unit
Chinese Romanization and Translation.
Under the Names or
Jurisdiction Total Number
of- of Units 1/
rh Shih (municipality) Province Hsi-an 2/
. (Sian)
..--.em
Hsing-shu (administrative
office) Province Shan-nan
gChuan-ch'ii (special Province Hsien-yang
district) Pao-chi
Shang-lo
Sui-te
Wei-nan
Yen-an
Yli-lin
Hsien (county) Province Ch'ang-an
Shih (municipality) Administrative Nan-cheng
office
Chuan-ch'il (special Administrative An-Mang
district) office 2/
HsieU. (county) Administrative 12
office
Shih (municipality) Special district Pao-chi
Chuan-shu (special Special district An-k'ang
office) Hsien-yang
Shang-hsien
Sui-te
Wei-nan
Yen-an
YU-lin
Helen (county) Special district 82
1. For names of units given by total number see map CIA 12036.
2. The seat of government for the Northwest District and Shensi Province is located
in Hsi-an Shih.
3. Under direction of Shan-nan.
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4. Sinkiang Sheng (Province)
Population Area in Sq. Km.
3,730,051
1,711,931
Type of Unit
Under the
Romanization and
Jurisdiction
Chinese
Translation
of
Shih (municipality)
Province
100
Chuan-chrii (special
district) -
Province
0%.
Chung-hsin-ch'ii
(central office)
Chuan-shu (special
office)
Hsien (county)
Special district
Special district
Special district
or
Total NuMber
of Units 1/
Ti-hua
(Urumchi)
A-k'o-au
A-shan
Ha-mi
Ho-tien
I-11
K'o-shih
So-ch'e
T'a-ch'eng
Ti-hua
Yen-ch'i
Ch'i-chiao-
ching
A-k'o-su
Ch'eng-hua
Ha-mi
Ho-tien
I-ning
So-ch'e
Su-fu
T'a-ch'eng
Yen-ch'i
78
1. For names of units given by total number see map CIA 12036.
2. The seat of government for Sinkiang Province and for the special
district of Ti-hua is located in Ti-hua Shih.
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5. Tsinghai Sheng (Province)
Population
1,317,364
Area in Sq. KM.
824,982
Type of Unit
Chinese
Romanization and
Translation
Under the
Jurisdiction
of
or
Total Number
of Units 1/
Shih (municipality)
Chuan-ch'ii (special
district)
(straight depend-
ency district)
Hsien (county)
She-chih-chii
(preparatory hsien)
Chuan-shu (special
office)
Hsien (county)
Province
Province
Province
Province
Province
Special
district
Special
district
Hsi-ning
(Sining)
Yli-shu
Ho-nan-meng Ch'i
Kang-ch'a
Kuo-lo 2/
16
Ch'i-lien
Ch 'il-ma-lal
YU-shu
Ch'eng-to
Nang-ch'ien
1. For names of units given by total number see map CIA 12036.
2. The seat of government of Tsinghai Province is located at
Hsi-ning Shih.
3. Not located on map CIA 12036.
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The province tables and the map of the Northwest District
indicate the levels of the lower-order administrative divisions
and how they are governed. For instance, a Julien may be under the
direct jurisdiction of a province, an administrative office, or a
special district. Under the Nationalist system, the hsien was
usually the second-order civil administrative division, directly
under the province. An exception was Sinkiang Province, which was
divided into 10 administrative districts, each composed of several
hsien. In that province, the Communists have retained the Nationalist
administrative districts, merely changing the name to "special dis-
trict."
The most striking difference between Nationalist and Communist
organization at the lower levels is the introduction of many new
types of administrative units by the Communists. For example,
tzu-chih-chqi (self-governing districts) have been established in
some of the areas of the Northwest District where minority nationali-
ties are concentrated. The creation of these autonomous (or semi-
autonomous) districts is part of the program inaugurated by the
Communists to extend political control over the border areas in-
habited by non--Chinese ethnic groups. It is likely that more of
these so-called self-governing districts will be Bet up in the
future.
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Maps
LIST OF REFEEENCES
1. Chung-hua Jen-min Kung-ho-kuo Ta Ti-t'u (Map of the China
Peoples Republic); 1:4,200,000; Ya-kuang Geographical
Society; 1951; in Chinese; CIA Call No. 75422.
2. (1:1,000,000 China Land Survey); gh1nese7 Ministry of
National Defense, Bureau of Survey; 1948; CIA Call No. 21793.
Documents
3. Hain Chung-hua (New China), Vol. 13, No. 14, Chung-hua Shu-
chu (China Publishing Office, Shanghai), 16 July 1950.
4. Jen-min Show-ts'ei (Peoples' New Handbook), Vol. I, Ta
Kung-pao (Great Bookstore, Shanghai), 5 February 1951.
5. Administrative Divisions of China, Central Intelligence
Agency M-10, October 1949.
6. Chinese Communist Regional Administrative Districts, Map
Research Bulletin No. 16, June 1950.
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PROVISIONAL
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1UNION
80
85
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100
105
110
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120
125
130
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SO IALIST
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CH'UAN-PE.1 C.
CHINA
COMMUNIST ADMINISTRATIVE
AREAS 1952
Fu-shun
0
International boundary
International boundary, indefinite
District boundary
Provincial boundary
Administrative office district boundary;
Szechwan, Anhwei, and Kiangsu only.
Communist capital
Communist municipality
Communist provincial capital
(Thnnantu)
Nan-fling
200 300
Statute Miles
0 100 200 300 400
Kilometers
12276
4-52
Some boundaries shown on this map are de facto bound-
aries (1952), not necessarily recognrzecl as debnitive by the
United States Government.
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III. CHANGES IN YUGOSLAV-ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
The acquisition of a new administrative map from the Yugoslav
Information Center in New York has made possible a more definite
delineation of internal boundaries in Yugoslavia. The map, Feder-
ativna Naroda Republika Jugoslavija, Administrativno-Teretorijalna
(Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia, Administrative-Territorial
Divisions), 59517, is a photostat at approximately 1:1,600,000, in
the Cyrillic alphabet, and is available in the CIA Map Library under
Call No. 76583. An accompanying text, entitled "I Pregled Srezova
i Gradova u FNRJ po Narodnim Republikama i Oblastima," is a review
of districts and cities in Yugoslavia by peoples republics and
regions. A comparison of the map and the review with the 1948
census shows that a number of changes have been made in administrative
areas. In general, these changes are of three types: (1) the
abolishment of certain oblasti (regions), (2) the creation of new
srezovi (districts) and new gradovi (cities), and (3) a change in
the capital of one autonomna oblast (autonomous: oblast) and changes
in capitals and names of several srezovi.
In view of the extensive changes shown on the Yugoslav map,
CIA 11652, dated January 1951 has been revised and reissued as
CIA 12258, which accompanies this report. For plotting statistics
of the 1948 census, CIA 11652 may still be used, however, since the
administrative divisions shown correspond closely with those used
in the census.
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In the following paragraphe the changes, all of which are in-
cluded on CIA 12258, are described in descending order of adminis-
trative importance.
Kosmet Autonomna Oblast -- The capital of this oblast is now
shown as Prigtina instead of Prizren as on CIA 11652. Its central
location and its situation on a main rail line are advantageous to
Prigtina as a capital.
Oblasti --Both the source map and the review indicate that
there are now no oblasti in Makedonija. This means the abolishment
of 3 oblasti in this area, which would reduce the total number in
Yugoslavia to 18. The remaining oblasti have the same names as
their administrative centers, with two exceptions -- (1) Dalmacija,
with its center at Split, and (2) Timok, with its center at ZajeCar.
Srezovi and Gradovi -- The administrative distinction between
erezovi (districts) and gradovi (cities) is made in the 1948 census
as well as in the review. The gradovi are apparently Independent
cities occupying areas of various sizes and have political statue
parallel to that of the more rural erezovi or oblasti. A somewhat
similar situation exists in certain States of the United States, where
some of the larger cities are administratively independent of the
surrounding counties. In Yugoslavia, however, the gradovi, though
equivalent to srezovi, may serve as srez capitals. The four gradovi
of Beograd, Zagreb, Ljubljana, and Sarajevo have an independent
statue equivalent to that of the oblasti; all others are of the
same order as erezovi.
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The use of the term srez is
but instead of grad, local terms
consistent throughout Yugoslavia,
are used in some parts of the country.
In Slovenija, the area surrounding a city is known as okolica, and
the city proper as mesto (elsewhere called grad). Okolica has no
equivalent in other parts of Yugoslavia, the tendency being to call
such areas srezovi.
Twenty-two new srezovi have been created throughout Yugoslavia,
the greatest number in Srbija. The new
are as follows:
srezovi and their
centers
Division
Srez
Center
Srez
Center
Srbija
Grocka
Grocka
Aleksinac
Aleksinac
Lipovica
Barajevo
Jastrebac
Blace
Mioniba
Mionica
Masurica
Surdulica
Krugevac
Krugevac
Zaplanje
GadZin Han
Lepenica
RaCa
Brza Palanka
Brzd Palanka
Oplenac
Topola
Negotin
Negotin
Vojvodina
Bela
Bela
Sremski
Sremski
Crkva
Crkva
Karlovci
Karlovci
KovaCica
Kova6ica
Frugka Gore
Ruma
Pot is
Vologinovo
Kosmet
Gornja
Vitina
Morava
Hrvatska
Udbina
Udbina
Zadarski
Zadar
Otoci
Bosna i
Posugje
Posugje
Kalinovik
Kalinovik
Hercegovina
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The eight changes that have been made in prezovi names and the
administrative center of each srez are listed below:
Division
Old Name
New Name
Center
Srbija
Caribrod
Dimitrovgrad
Dimitrovgrad
Vojvodina
SeCanj
Jatia Tomi6
Jaga Tomi6
Bosna
Fojnica
Kiseljak
Kiseljak
Hercegovina
Slovenija
Jesenice
Radovljica
Radovljica
Mosirje
gokanj
goetanj
Dravograd
Slovenj Gradec
Slovenj Gradec
Makedonija
Carey? Selo
Del6evo
Del6evo
Crna Gore.
Berane
Ivangtad
Ivangrad
Changes noted in the location of srez centers are as follows:
Division
Srbija
Kosmet
Hrvatska
Boma i
Hercegovina
Crna Gora
Srez
Grua
LuZnica
Morava
Krajina
Istok
Jelsa
Srebrnica
Dunn it or
Old Center
Ktagujevac
Babusnica
Aleksinac
Negotin
Istok
Jelsa
Srebrnica
Savnik
New Center
Kni6
Ljuberada
If
Zitkovac
Brusnik
Durakovac
Star igrad
Bratunac
Zabljak
The review listed srez centers only for Srbija and the autonomous
areas. In the other republics of Yugoslavia (except Jelsa, Srebrnica,
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and Durmitor, which are listed above), the srez and its center have
the same name.
Eleven new gradovi have been created since the 1948 census.
These are:
Division Gradov;
Srbija Rankovideus
Vojvodina Apatin
Hrvatska Koprivnica
GospiC
Nova Gradilka
Rovinj
Slovenija Jesenice
Kranj
Bled
Bosna i Hercegovina Trebinje
Livno
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NERODIMLJE
YUGOSLAVIA
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS -1951
TETCYVO
?
KU MA NOVO
?
?
KRATOV 0
BOUNDARIES
COST iVAR
--- International
0 National Capital
? ? Republilca ? Republilca
Autonomna Pokrajina (Vojvodina) 0 Autonomna Pokrajina
Autonomna Oblast (Kosmet) 1 Autonomna Oblast
Oblast 0 Oblast
DEBAR
K [CE VU
?
?
PRILEP
An Oblast has the same name as its administrative center except for Dalmacija and Timok.
The name of a Srez center is given only where it differs from that of the Srez.
A Grad is a city area with an administrative order equal to that of a Srez with four
exceptions: Beograd, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, and Zagreb, which are of the same order as an Ob/ast.
"Srez." and 'Grad" are generally applied throughout Yugoslavia; alternate local names exist in Slovenija and Makedonija.
Statute Miles
50 75 100
Kilometers
Source: Federativna Narodna Republika Jugoslavije, Administrativno-Teritorijalna Podela
(Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia, Administrative-Territorial Divisions), 119501
STR1 'GA
OHR ID
12258 4-52
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TV. RAILROADS OF SWITZERLAND AND ITALY
"Suisse-Italie," Geographie des Chemins de Fer d'Europe, Vol. I,
Paris, 1951 (CIA Library Call No. A00-32 .L3).
This volume is the first of a series designed to cover the rail-
roads of European countries other than France. The series, in turn,
comprises Tame II of GCographie Universelle des Transports. Four
volumes of Tome I, Geographie des Chemins de Fer Francais, covering
France and the overseas members of the French Union, were reviewed
in Map Research Bulletin Nos. 15 and 19, 1950. All of the volumes
present the same general type of information and are similar in
organization and format.
The volume on Switzerland and Italy is a useful compendium of
information on railroads in the two countries. For Switzerland it
is especially useful since it includes more local detail in map
form than any other single source. By comparison, the section on
Italy is somewhat disappointing, occupying less than half the volume
even though the Italian mileage is four times that of the Swiss.
Two general criticisms apply to the volume as a whole, as well as to
all other volumes in the series. In the case of abandoned lines,
it is not stated whether or not the rails have been removed. On all
maps the symbols and their explanations are keyed to each other by
number, but are separated. If the number of symbols on the map is
large, this system not only reduces the effectiveness of the map
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but also introduces a possibility of error in map reading, especially
if the map and symbols are on one page and the explanations on
another.
The section on Switzerland includes a total of 56 maps, 2 of
which are especially important. The first, Les Voles Ferries de la
_Suisse, is a monochrome map at 1:1,000,000 that differentiates Swiss
railroads according to the following categories: (1) trackage --
double, single; (2) gauge -- normal, narrow; (3) traction -- electric,
others; (4) type of line -- normal train, rack and pinion, funicular,
aerial ropeway, ski lift, trolley bus; and (5) ownership -- federal,
Swiss private, foreign private. Cities and towns are classified by
symbols according to various combinations of the following transpor-
tation categories: (1) electrified trolley-line system -- important
(more than four lines), average, small system, single line;
(2) trolley-bus system -- important (more than five lines), average,
small; (3) significant rail center of local importance; (4) line
terminus; and (5) important intermediate station. All of the 83
privately owned railroad companies of Switzerland, with their
official abbreviations, are also shown on the map. The second map,
at the -scale of 1:900,000, is multicolored and shows electric
trolley lines, in addition to the number of tracks, gauges, and types
of traction of all railroad lines.
The description of the railroad net in the Italian section is
lees detailed than that of the Swiss, but the type of material
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presented is much the same. Of greater value are the 67 maps, which
are unique in making a definitive distinction between railroad and
interurban lines, the lack of which has always been a source of
confusion on Italian maps, and between lines in operation and those
that are inoperable or abandoned.
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V. POSTWAR CHANGES IN BELGIAN RAILROADS
Since the end of World War II, a great many railroad lines in
Belgium have been unable to compete with buses, largely as a result
of difficulty in Obtaining equipment, and have been replaced by bus
lines. Most of these railroads are of narrow gauge, but four
standard-gauge lines have also been discontinued.
All of the narrow-gauge railroads of Belgium are owned by t11
,-
Societe Nationale des Chemins de Per Vicinaux (SNCV), most of whose
stock is controlled by the government. The standard-gauge lines,
which comprise by far the most important part of the Belgian rail-
roads in terms of number of lines, mileage, revenue, and number
of people employed, are operated by the government-owned Societe
Nationale des Chemins de Fer Beiges (SNCB). In the case of the
latter, political pressures and public opinion have limited large-
scale abandonment.
Narrow-gauge lines that have been abandoned and have been re-
placed by buses are shown on Carte des Chemins de Per Vicinaux de la
Belgique at the scale of 1:470,000 (CIA Map Library Call No. 76157).
Bus routes paralleling narrow-gauge lines that are still in opera-
tion and a few new bus routes are given on a 1951 map at 1:155,000,
Reseau de la Societe Nationale des Chemins de Per Belges (Call No.
76158). These changes, which are most numerous in the area to the
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north and east of a line drawn through Anvers, Bruxelles, and Namur,
are summarized in the following tabulation.
Section
Abandoned and Replaced
oy Buses
Western Lombard3ijde-Ostend
Roulers-Poelkapelle
Ypres-Neuve Elise
Deerlijk-Berchem
Ursel-Watervliet 1/
Central Grammon-?-Deinze
Lier-Tremeloo
Polygone-Rijkervorsel
Hoogstraten-Meerle
Turnhout-Poppel
OostmalLe Herentals-Westerloo
Heikant-Itegem
Eastern Beverloo-Wijhmaal
Saint Trond-Hasselt-Kcrtessem
Bre-MaLseik
Emaal-Glons
VinaLmoLt-Hanneche-Meeffe
Ougree-Warzee-Ochain
1. Abandoned but not replaced by bus line.
In Operation but
Paralleled by Bus Lines
Bruge-Leke
Roesbrugge-Watou-
Poperinge-Oostvletern
Ostend-Lele-Woumen
Woesten-Ypres-Moorsele
Lier-Broechem-Heikant-
Oostmalle
Turnhout-Geel-Westerloo
Louvain-Beneden Kessel
Corroy le Grand Chastre
Saint Hubert-Freux-
Libramont-Amberloup
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As of 1950, only four broad-gauge lines have been reported as
discontinued -- (1) Jumet-Charleroi, (2) Jamioulx-Hauchies-Couillet,
(3) Vielsalm-Born, and (4) Tielt-Meulebeke-Ingelmunster. The dis-
continuance of the first three waS noted on an untitled map at
1:378,000 issued in 1950 by the Societe Nationale des Chemins de
Per Belges (Call No. 73141).
Both the SNCV and the SNCB have extensive plans for the electri-
fication of their lines, but the accomplishments to date are almost
negligible. According to an inset on Reseau de la Societe des
Chemins de Per Vicinaux, plans of the SNCV involve several small
projected lines in the vicinity of Bruxelles, Namur, and Charleroi.
A line between Dour and Baisieux has already been completed.
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VI. NEW EDITION OF DUTCH ATLAS OF THE WORLD
The 38th edition of the Bos-Niermeyer Atlas der gehele Aarde,
revised by P. Eibergen, J.B. Wolters, Groningen, 1951, has recently
been received in Washington (CIA Map Library Call No. A000 .E3).
It is a typical school atlas, with most maps generalized and at
small scale. The chief value of the atlas lies in its detailed
coverage of the Netherlands and the present and former Dutch
colonies.
Soils, relief, and major political divisions of the Netherlands
are shown with a high degree of accuracy on single-sheet multicolored
maps at the scale of 1:800,000. Geology, major roads, and popula-
tion density are mapped in black and white at scales ranging from
1:1,200,000 to 1:1,500,000. In addition, five multicolored sheets
at 1:400,000, covering the entire country, provide greater detail
on soils, hydrography, and railroads, but indicate relief by
hachures only. Rainfall, the Ijsselmeer reclamation projects, and
the harbor works at Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Ijmuiden, and the Hoek
van Holland are included as insets.
The relief and the political divisions of Indonesia and of
Eastern Indonesia are indicated on multicolored maps at 1:12,000,000
and 1:6,000,000, respectively, and the Mission Areas and the
Protestant Church Areas of all of Indonesia are included in mono-
chrome at 1:16,000,000. Two maps show the relief, political divi-
sions, railroads, and other economic information for the principal
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islands -- Java and Madura, at a scale of 1:1,500,000, and Sumatra,
at 1:4,000,000. Insets on the Java-Madura sheet include (1) small-
scale city plans of Djakarta, Semarang, and Surabaja; (2) 1:5,000,000
maps of geology, irrigatLon and afforestation, and population density;
and (3) maps of languages at 1:7,500,000. One the Sumatra sheet,
insets at 1:2,000,000 cover land use of the middle east coast and the
relief of the west coast, and an inset at 1:7,000,000 shows the
geology of the entire island and includes the location of oil wells,
mines, and petroleum refineries. Other maps give the distribution
of the ethnic groups of Sumatra, BorneD, and the Celebes.
The South American territory, Surinam, is covered by a map at
1:3,000,000 that shows relief, political divisions, transportation,
and agricultural areas, and includes small-scale insets of the
Dutch island possessions of the Caribbean and of the cities of
Paramaribo and Willemstad.
An alphabetical gazetteer of place names is keyed to all the
maps in the atlas.
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