BARENTS SEA COAST BETWEEN POLYARNY AND GAVRILOVO

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• Document Page Count: 49
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 8, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 1, 1953
• Content Type: IR

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CONFIDENTIAL
GI:OGRAII IC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
BARENTS SEA COAST
vEEN POLYARNYY .&1D GAVRILCNO
'ITA/RR-GR-20
Ipril 1953
NOTICE
This material Contains information affecting the national defense of the United Statet
within the meaning of the espionage laws, Title 13, USC .Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission
or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthn-:-74 --rson is prohibited by law.
I'F,NTRIAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
e of Research and Reports
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CONTENTS
Page
To Introductiol ?0.0.0 0 0 1
II 0 Terrain and 7ogetation 000,00000000000 1
III. Hydrography , . 000000000000000* 5
nr. Population And Settlement 0000000040000 6
17, Ethnic Compitions Physical Appearances
and Religion of the People0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 Il
Vio Transportaticm, '000000-0000 00000000 14
Ao Railroads
130 Roads c: 0 0 ? 00 00 000 O*00000 0,1 15
C0 *%laterways ,0.0? 0 0 0 no 0 ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17
VII, Military installations0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17
'VIII0 Aria ystfs Note , ., ? ,..., 0 0 0 0 0***0 * 0 0 0 29
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unsTRATioNs
Firares 1 throuch 15 ? 7aces 20-30
LAPS AND PHOTOMAPS
Map 0.7 the Barents Sea Coast Defween PolyagInr.
and CaIrrIlDvo3,...1:250000
5 Phetemaps of the Barents tea Coast Between
Folyarnyy and GavAlovo
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rAREurs SEA CC AST TZTWEEN POLYARNYY e.M110V0
Introduction
This study is an analysis of selected gouge; ble aspects, of e
small region on the Eola Peninsula northeast of ees Soviet ele' of
lArrmansk, The region covers about 65 miles aloee the Barents Sea
coast from the Polyemeer naval base on the west the old fishing
settlement of Gavrilovo on theeeast, extending .ieland 5.n a southerly
direotion 10 to 20 miles to approximately the paeellel of 690N,
110 Terrain and Vegetation
The terrain of the Polyarnyy-Gavrilovo coaetel region is best
described as hil.r0 Ie consists of a rolling pletaau that is
deeply dissected by Ceehaped river valleys, Wm- ant across the
plateau is made extremely difficult by the steep slooes of the
valley walls,: During the winter, however, the frozen surfaces of
the streams, lakes: and bogs in the valleys prolel :a natural routes
for movement inland from the coast, Vegetation is genereller sparse,
consisting primarily of tundra forms,
A highly irregular coastline with numerous eflmontories? bays,:
and inlets (Figura 1) is characteristic of the Palearnyy-Cavrilovo
region, The only smooth shoreline is that of Oeq,rev Kiltdin (Kilt din
Island), which fernee a sharply conApicuous contrast to the indented
granite coast of the mainland, The bays and inlets along the coast
provide sites for most of the small settlements in the region
(Figures 2 to 4), Although the narrow inlets, with their high rocky
walls, have many of th,i characteristics of fiords, they are generally
a.
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not as long as the typical fiord nor as deep close to the shore, Only
the 1Co14skiy 2:aliv (Inlet), with a length of about, 40 miles and a
maximum depth of over 1,000 feet, has all the characteristics of a
true fioed(, Depths are so great in the part of Koloskty Zaliv within
the study region that there would be few anchoraeo berths were it not
for some of the more shallow arms along the sides of the fiord
(Figura 5),
Along the coast deep water is 'usually found close to shore, with
depths in excess of 50 fathoms generally occurrine within 3 miles, ?
Offshore bottom slopes are usuelly gentle, howevee, Since the tidal
range is 8 feet 9.0 feet during spring tide), extensive areas of
tidal flats are exposed at low tide at the heads ef maey of the
inlete,
A line of shOlowsfringes a considerable portion of the coast,
The longest strips are found along the northern, and southeastern
shores of Ostrav Kiliding on the mainland along a. 5-mile coastal
strip from Ruchi westward, and along an 8-mile etelp from Cavrilovo
weetward, There are a few areas of exposed or sunken rocks along
the coast.
Data are incomplete, but available informatien indicates that
there are few beaches along the Polyarrery-Gavrilovo coast, Several
stretches of beach 10 to 15 feet wide at high. water parallel the
southern shore of ?stray Killdin? The eastern beach is reported to
be about 20000 feet long and composed of sand and. pebbles, The
several strips of pebble and rock beaches to the uest total about
3,5 miles, A strip of beach about 500 feet long is reported to be
e 2 e
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located opposite t: western tip of O3trov I.IaJr Oleniy, on the
western side o2 th inlet leading tc the Kliaovka River, The beach
consists of seed a) pebbles and is backed by a low stony terrace
and bordered by st rock slopes0 t considerebly larger sand beach
about 1.5 miles Is situated alccg the shore at thu bay-heed
east of the Terilexiet River at Teriberka, There are three more bay.
head beaches in thr 3avr11ove area. he western leach, whiCh is
located on the wes-:rn side of the moth of the Vcronlya Riverf, fe
the longest and. -lie'eet. It measures a')out 1 mile in length, aed
its width ranges Peel about 50 to 75 feet at high water to about
600 feet at ion uaier; it is backed le7 sand dueee and terraced bluffe.
The center beach il the site of the settlement of Gavrilovo, and
eastern beach is ic:ated at the head of the bay 3 niles to the south
east, Et of the r- two beaches is about 500 feet in length
Except at bho!. few areas of beach, the entire northern shore
rises abruptly frin the edge of the wlter in the form of cliff or
stev hills with ell.-ationL. of 300 to 600 feet above sea level
(Figure 6). The si_opest coastal slopes are found along the westan.',
and northern sJdea cf Ostrov Killdin. Several deep atream-cut
canyons (Figure () :rovide the only breaks in the continuA - of this
cliff wall, wh5ch ceretreles the entire noethern rerineter of the
islandc A dis-ALLIth-o cape, Mys Byk, at the sounwestern tip of cihe
island, eeacher a 1-iight of 365 feet (Figure 8)u The lower thiet
of the cape appears to have a slope of zbout 30 to 4,) degrees, ')1,
the appar part s,*(E;t411.: o) almost vertical wars, Slopes a10-
sic.;6t Ko7.131,i;e e5e? aioec the oci:thefn OstT,ri !L
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and east of the eoJ:ngya River are somewhat more moderate, but even
in these areas the lerrain consists of low hills that rise steadily
to the higher elevreions inland (Figures 9 to 11)0
Directly behir- the coastal cliffs and hills is the remnant of
a plateau rface with elevations ranging from 650 to 850 feet.
Although slope are geaerally more moderate on the plateau surface
than along the coaet? several steep peaks rise above 1,000 feet.
The peak 8 miles soeth-southwest of the settlement of Zarabikha is
reported to have ar ?:levation of 10273 feet. Movement across the
plateau is furher 'andicapped by the deep U-shaped stream valleys
(Figure 12:;,, These lroad valleys extend in a generally north-south
direction, so that In order to move para33e1 to the coast it is
necessary to laboricusly descend and ascend a series of steep canyon
-
like walls. On the other handy the valleys provide natural ratites
of access from the --oast inland. Many of the valleys contain enains
of small lakes0 ati:h are especially numerous along the southern
boundary of the melon. Some of the lakes, however, are Isolated,
being situated in depressions without any outlets.
Vegetation is scanty throughout the entire Folyarnyy-Gavrilovo
Region. On ?stray faltdin, bushes provide a sparse vegetation
cover over most of the rocky terrain. On the lowland along the
saa'thern shoee0 occasional dwarf birches are alsc found. The granite
slopes and cliffs aleng the coast of the mainland are almost devoid
of vegetation, but along the shores of the protected bays and the
sides of the river vellees loading inland bushes and stunteel bIrchee
graa in areas where there is enaagh soil, On the plate' there e
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thin cover of tund:es vegetation, with scattered trees principally
dwarf spruces crroked birches, and some willows -- in the low areas
around lakes and rwemps. The ground between the individual trees is
generally covered 'cy lichens nixed with some mosses, but part of the
plateau surface it bare rock or boulders completely without vegeta-
tion. The bogs ale in all probability covered by sphagnum and are
treacherous except when frozen. Trees are somewhat more dense in
the sheltered valleys along the southern marfeln of the region, where
there are more numerous stands of birch and may be patches of law
spruce or even pines up to 25 feet in height.
III? LUE2E9a
The Barents Saa coast is characterized by innumerable rock-bound
bays and inlets of various sizes and depths, separated by toothlike
projections of land, Some bays and inlets contain rocky islands and
shoals, whereas ot:1:.rs are fringed by tidal flats, especially at the
mouths, of rivers0 rhe largest, deepest, and most importanfoi these
is the Koltskiy Zal1v0 which with its numerous arms occupies most of
the region adjacent to the western -margin. The largest leiy alons
the eastern part of the coast is Guba Orlovka, just north of Teriberka,
The estuary of the "oronvya River deeply indents the coast, near iho
eastern margin of the region.
Tides occur tvfce a day, with an interval of about 13 hours
between successive highs,, The range of the spring tides is 10 fees,-..
the mean range is F feet.
A branch of the warm Uorth Atlantic Ourreats which flays south.
eastward along the coast., eenaraller prevents tree felmation of ice.
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In normal winters, ice forms only near the heads of bays and Inlsts
and lasts only a feu days. During severe winters, however, ice is
prevalent in most of the bays and inlets from the end of October to
the end of April.
The land surfaces are poorly drained, The hydrography is char-
acterized by a mese of lakes, many of which occur in chains, connected
by short, swiftly flowing rivers with many falls and rapids. None
of the lakes are very large, and all of the rivers are small except
the Voronlya and tho Teriberka, which flow northward through the
eastern portion of the region.
Lakes are distributed in two belts, one adjacent to the coast
and the other inlar? on the plateau. The coastal lakes are espe-
cially numerous and irregular in Shape near the eastern margin.
There are fewer lakes in the central part of the coastal area0 A.
narrow band of small lakes bisects Ostrov Kiltdin from east to west.
The lakes at the higher elevations inland are generally larger than
the coastal lakes they occupy a considerable percentage of the
surface E to 10 miles from the coast. Their outlets are mall
streams, which genstolly flow over short boulder-strewn courses to
the sea.
The water in ths lakes and rivers is clear tut somewhat
yellowish. Ice form- on both lakes and rivers in late October and
lasts until the end ' nay, The high.vater stage is in Jure, low
in September and October.
IV. Population and .'sttlalent
The Parents ,roso roast from Polyarrvy to Oarrilovo is a ve 4
,on
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25 persons per &pus) mile within a coastal strip 5 miles wide to less
than 25 pesssons farther inland. Population is not uniforsily dis-
tributed bat is coecentrated in the few fishing centers, coastal
stations and naval bases along the Kollskly Zell's; and Barents Sea.
The small settlements of Sredneyea lopari, Antonovka, Tyava?
Zelentsy? Peichi? Zarubikha? Korabelnaya, and Voronlya (the last is
not shown on the orientation map but is 1,5 miles southwest of
Gavrilovo) had estLeated populations of 100 or less in 1940. During
the war and postwat years, however, changes in function of same of
these touns have increased their populations. For example, Ty-ova
has become an ausi?:lary submarine port since the war, which has
added to its population.
Fishing and aevociated activities were instrumental in the early
settlesent of moot of these small coastal villages as well as some
of the larger ones, Most of the settlements are connected with one
another only by VI. sea or by the telegraph comerenication line that
roubtly parallels the coast, Fishing continues to be an important
activity? and the ccsled functions that have resulted in increases
in population have to some extent stimulated agriculture of the only
kinds possible in this northern region under-glass, short-season
truck farming, and z-ems livestock raising.
Gavrilovo (69?1J)11, 39541,E0(Figures 2 and 3'4 is one of the
larger settlements, netore the war it had an estimated pcpulation
appeoaching 10000 all was the base of a fishing fleet. It is the
oldest, and in rhl 'as considered the most important, fishing
statAon on the laseets sea coast. A harch seholl? hospital
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post and telegraph erfiee? several factoriees and trader& huts are
on the southern shore of the bay. Ir the winter? in addition to
possible steamehip eonnectionss there are connections by reindeeT
with Kola. Gavrilc,o is now the base for FT boats and patrol boats
and has an observat!on ane signal station and a sea-area control
station. It is aselmed that with its added functions its population
has increased.
A naval base 1,,p.; established in the Day of Teriberka in 107,
Until that date th( :ettloment of Teriberka (69?101N? 3910/E) as
a fishinL site whe2E motor fishing cutters were stationed (Figures
4 and 12). kt thee Oime it contained a repair shop for small
trawlers, a fiehinf.net factory, and a fish-precessing ombine con-
? sistIng of a curinE )1ant, f h-sakting plant, and cooperles, Since
the establishment of the bases some of these activities have been
transferred to rumeeek. Dy 1941 Teriberir.a was a coarparatively
wellmfitted naval 1-ee. It contains a clothing and ration depot
housed in large? he-If-sunken 3-story buildings, a radio station, and
depots for anmexe_tic e0 clothing, and eations, housed in workshops
of the former fishi,z factory and fish.nrocessing plant. Teriberk
and Staraya Twoibere (Old Teriberka)0 the new and old parts of
town, bear eeidffice of the rapid expansion from n village of about
3,000 to a center vith an estimated population nearing 10s000,
Polyarnyy (69?12,310 33?281E) is a minor ,-oviet naval base with
a population of ebee:-. 100000. It is located along both sides of the
small Yekaterinimk,ya Dukhta (Day) just, west of Koliskiy Zeliv, and
is 18 miles nortbeaae oft-lunaanak, The base is situated on ba=c-1
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and hilly terrain and is dispersed over a considorable area (Figures
109 310 13, and 11.1..) :, It is approximatly 3 miles long and 1.5 miles
wide, 'with its Tria.in axis lying in a west-northwest?east-southeast
direction. It is bounded on the north by the sourthern shore of
Ostrov YekaterininoloVs on the east by the Kollskiy Zalivs on the
south by rugged opor terrains and on the west by Cuba Olengya. Accoss
to the base is pritTooril;?v by seas although there Is reported to be a,
primitive road leaL.ng southward from the base to Murmansk.
Polyarnyy has C.eveloped in sections. Starc,se Polyarnoye is the
fonner workers' set...lenent of Aleksandrovsk, with about 120 to 150
peasant houses. Noa-oye Polyarnoye was in the process of being built
in 19147. It is maa-:o op of 3-story houses constructed of wood. The
town has about 70 cantonment buildings serving as quarters for parts
of the Northern Fleot and other military units sad about 45 to 60
2- and 3-stor7 woodon warehouses used as clothing and ration depots,
The town has a wateropumping stations main power stations meteoro
logical stations nava.lhospitals schoolhouses and .a. building for -im-
portant personss calaed ?the Circular Nouse because of its shapes
which is the largest house in Polyarnyy.
Facilities of t he base reportedly consist of a seaplane stations
with WO srtU piero and possibly two hang-ars; an 1s850-foot rain
wharfs for the bertOl.ng of destroyers and other craft; four piers
for submarine berthingl and a small offshore wharf c The total
in space s approxvoately 3,800 feet, There ax no thy-docking
Elec-orioit is provided by an eltric tranalomer
statd on at the base which probably recel000s current from 'oho Ta".1 _Tao
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Hydro Power Plant ::'oated southwest of rurmans. A thermal power
plant is als, repoilkJd to be located at the base, but its capacity
is ue.cnown.
Veyenga (69?(Xt'40 O7 F) is the administrative headquarters
of the Soviet rorti.cfa Fleet and also a small-sized operating base(
It is actually a .:14 al base rather than a town,, Vayenga has been
steadiZy expanang ylnee the end of the ware and is believed to
havi: a current poptlAtion In the neighborhood of 10;000 tf: 15?C000
of which approximat-%y 50 percent is made up of military personnel,
Vayenga is sitIted in an area of rugged terrain about 400
feet above sea level.. It Is bounded on the north by Kolvakiy
and on the oV,J.cr thxe sides by steep hills. The base is irregularly
shaped, with its me. n axis extending approximately 7,300 feet in
north-south directin, and its width varying from 1,800 to 40000 feet,
It is divided into L.- o districts: the northern, generally refoc.red
to by the Russians e the "Ilavy Vil3ageon and the southern, pr:,.marlix
populated by Soviet Avilians. The settled area is mapposedly
modern and cean caparinr7 favorably with any European tern, Nest
buildings are of wo,-1 or stone and 1 or 2 stories in height, but
there are some stono residential buildings of 3 to 5 stories? Roofs
are law - gabled or aat? covered with red tile or tsx paper, 'lest
of the important bu.1-Angs housing the naval headquarters arxl serump
as Larraekse es2eci Ily thoe built since the . are of pemanent-
type brick 02 concrete construction. Along thc center section of
the main street, no oistrIct, 14 new, ,.: 2-c to
holE2,s were erw:ted "..et ween 1947 and 1949. Each oue measuref:,
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approximately 40 x 150 feet, Steam heating is provided by the
Vayenga central heatila plant across the main street to the south
of the building site- this heating plant serves all the newly -
built naval installation in Vayenga. The one main street is abeut
20 feet wide and is surfaced with cobblestones; it is very poorly
lighted at nicht.
The harbor at Vayenga is ice free the year round and offers
excellent anchorage for ships of apy size. There are only limited
berthing accommodations, however. An estimated 1,700 feet of bertha,
ing space includes an L-shaped pier and quay, another small L-shaped
pier, and a finger pier? A new and much larger pier was reported in.
June 1949 to be under construction but not completed. The base co
tains limited repair facilities, a naval school, a communications
center (including two radio stations), and facilities for the
storage of torpedo e3, ammunition, mines:, and fuel (an underground
oil depot). A small power plant is reported to be among the base
facilities, but the main source of power is probably the 480000-kw
Tuloma lydro Power Plant.
Vayenga is conaected by railroad and road with flurmansk. It
lies at the northere3ost point of the single-track railroad from
Leningrad that passes through Mrmansk.
V? Ethnic Cc7Pcnt.A2a11019.211.117222ILnIlin-221-29ataaaef the
People
Five ethnic groups are represented in the population of the
Polyarnyy-Gavrilovo Region: the Great Russians, Ukrainians, Lepps? Finns,
and Norwegians. Great Russians are predoenant in the coastal strip
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along the Barents 'Ssea, especially ab the claval bases and other eettls-
ments. A number of Ukrainians and A sprinkling of other nationalities
from other parts of the Soviet Union also live an the settlements.
Lapps usually are farther inland, although there are a few along the
eastern coast of Kiltskiy Zaliv; where the Finns are also found.
Great Russians predominate in the Polyarnyy area as well as in Ostrov
Kiledin? lut the island population also contains a noticeable nambei
of Norwegians?
In physical appearance, Great Russians are medium to tall in
stature and of medium build, Heads are medium to round and appear
small in comparison with the rest of the body, Jaws are conspicu-
ously heavy, and noses are fairly wide and rath3r shapeless, The
faces are wide in brow, cheek, and jaw. Eyes are brawn and wide
set, Hair is brown, either straight or wavy, and beard growth is
usually heavy, When any religious faith is professed among the
Great Russians, it is Russian Orthodox Christian.
Ukrainians are medium to tall in stature and medium to heavy
in build, The women tend to become fat. The people generally have
long arms and legs and broad sholders, Faces are round, upper eye-
lids characteristically heavy, and jaws fat, Eyes and hair tend
to be brown, but blonds are not uncommon, Post Ukrainians are
traditionally Russian Orthodox Christians with some Uniates (Roman
Catholic with Eastern Rites),
In physical appearance, Lapps are short in stature, with long
bodies and short, often bowed, legs, Their round heads are slightly
flattened in back, They have high cheek bones and flat noses with
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prominent up-turnen tips. Pointed jaws are conspicuously small.
Their skin is yellou-brown, and they have dark brown or black hair.
The Lapps are peacCull Cheerful, and honest. Host of them can read
and write. They are sharp traders but have great respect for fair-
nese and regard property rights as sacred. They are alert, sociable,
and friendly, with a sense of humor that runs to sarcasm and prac-
tical joking. They are Russian Orthodox Christian, with a strong
belief in spirits.
The Finns are tedium to tall in stature and well proportioned.
They have heads thrt are medium to large, Their large, wi.de jaws
give their faces a squarish appearance. Noses are short and fairly
narrow. Finns in anneral are very blond, with blue or gray eyes.
The Finns are good colonizers and the Russians have transplanted
entire communities to areas being developed. Some Finns may be
Lutherans, but most are Russian Orthodox.
People of the :orwegian minority display typically Teutonic
characteristics. T'-ey are in general 'tall and blond, with longish
heads, but intermarriage has introduced the influence of other
groups and some individuals are darker skinned. Derwegians are
Evangelical Lutheraas? but it is not known whether agy religious
faith at ar is observed.
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SECURITY INFORMATION
VI. T-e-ratzLeon
Railroads' and roads are poorly develpmed in the Polyarnyy-Gavrilovo
region. The westert margin of the region and Oetrov Kil'din contain all
of the few roads, and only the southwestern corner ie known to be served
by rail. East of the Kol'skiy Zaliv there are no north-south routes of
communication except the few riven that are free of dangerous rapids
and falls and the "winter roads" (tracks across the frozen ground).
It appeara that coaetal boats satisfy moat of the transportation
needs of the region.
A. Railroade
The only known railroad in the Poaysenyyeaavrilovo Region
is the terminal part of a line extending north from the,
Leningrad-Murmansk lime of the Kirovak System. Prezithis line connrctions
can be made with the Finnish rail system to the southwest, the
NbecoweArkhangelisk line to the southeast, and the Aense raileet of
European Russia to ene south.
The railroad enters the region from Nbrmarsk at the southwestern
margin, 3 utiles west of its terminus at Vayengs. he singleetraCk
line is Soviet broee Gauge,03feet). It is not known whether the line
is electrified or steam operated. According to a 1949 report, there
is no paseenger traffic on the line and freight trains which bring
construction materials, food, and military eupplieo north, returning
south with little or no cargo, average 1 or 2 a dm,. There are teo
sews in Vayenga. The first, serving the harbor area, gess north;
the eecond leads soyth to an airfield.
ait
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B. Roads
Al]. but one of the few roads in the region are near the
western margin, wh .1-,hey center on Vayenga in the south and
Polyarnyy in the north..? liost of them are short- The only other
road in the region i on Kiltdin Island.
Vayenga has three road connections. Only one of theme which
leads 13 miles sou ,iwest tc nurrnansk, has more than local importancee
however, and only j to 4 miles of this road lie within the regions,
It is reported the-, the road is partly paved with cobblestones, is
15 to 20 feet wide is suitable for heavy trafric in all types of
weather, and that is -Aral maintained and cleared of snow in
winter. In 191_49 tha traffic on this road consisted mostly of trucks
bringing in food a:1 military supplies and carrying passengers to
and froni IlurmanFk. The second road from Vverga is paved and leads
south 2 miles to a:, airfield. The third is an unimproved extsnsion
of the road from M -mansk that runs north for a short distance
along the eastern ?-Aore of Vayenga Eay. Early in World 'Val' 1:2 it
was planned to ext ad this road east to Teriberkae following 1::-4
general alignmmt ,' the telephone-telegraph line, hut thar i o
indication that th,, extension was ever com4o1etd. The road shawn
on the orientation tvla aa leading south from Vayenv to a LIke beyor.1,
the southerrYnargis nnconfirraed by other sources,
The roads stas:dng from Polyargyy are unimproYed and of 1-ea
importance cnly, p7,1_marily providing access to the nearby in.ldtary-
installatiors. Cn er,P= links the settlement to other po-tats? all
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of 1,;nich are beone the western margin of the reLien, This road goes
southwost to Delolamennaya and then to Kola, but only 5 miles of the
roatal parts of wLich are not shown on the orientation map, are withil
the region, Two miles from rolyarnyy a branch frti the Delokamennkyn
road leads northwILt beyond the western margin to Sayda Gubs,
The southern olds of Ostrov Kiltdin is paralleled by an un-7.mpr:Dy-1
road, both ends of which turn north and continue for a short distanoo
toward the north snore of the island,. This road connects the settle-
_
ments along the southern shore with the military installations,
Weather stror.,ly affect the trafficability of the roads, Fraa
late Octobe:. until mid-nay they are buried under deep drifts ofinot32,
and from mid.:ray uatil early June they are male impassable by mud?
On the other hand, once the surfaces of rivers, lakes, and swamps
am n solidly frozen and the snow cover is firmly established, "winter
roads" provide accIss by reirdeer sled (Figure 15) to parts e the
region not reached by conventional road,
The longest ati perhaps the most important of the "winterzoadn
follows the genera alignment of the te1ephone-cele7aph line from
Vayenga to rreriber':) and Cavrilove, Most of the route pardtleIs tr./.2
Balents Sea coast distances ranging from less than a mile to !;-miles
inland, From TerE,3rka a nwinter road" goes inland along the leriberka
River valle5, and t en tun rs southwest to Kola, cutting aczofs the
southern margin of the tion near its center. Fri Caw' 1070 awacT
"winter road)" y"ollcus the Vorontya River valley to an Itrikuon ciettii
inland. In the jorthuestern tart of the xgion a nwinte. roeAa le'e
16 -
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treet fear laelynearea Gaar
(J. 3ratg?rvq.N.
Although eaterwaye appear to be the masa iort means of
transportation in the region: little is known concerning the extent
to which they are eeed. Before the war a steamah:Ipt reportedly brought
nail at Weekly intervals during the summer to ?stray K13:din and to
Teriberkn and Gavrilovo on the Barente Sea coast. -No poutwar
inforration on thit maAl service is available. Me routine movements
of smell naval potrel craft wl fishing bests prabably serve to
connect the settlement!) and islands along the coast. Of the riven):
only the Teriberka and the Voron'ya near the eastern margin are navigable
by small boot. MarsTeriberka has many falls and rapids but is navigable
as far az a :waterfall approximately 3-1A miles from its mouth The
Voron'ya a/Bo contains many falls and rapids: but it appears to be
ravigable. almost to the southern mArgin of the rezion.
VII. nilitary Installation*
The FolyarpyyaGaVrilovo Region contains a coreiderable number
of military installations, the largest concentration of which is
found along the western margin, Earlyatfarning radar stations .have
been reported at Itrs Sett (the cape forming the western side of the
entrance to Kolfskiy Zeller), Ostrov Toros, Polyarayy?. and Vayengan
During tIorld War II, numerous coast artillery hplacements and anti.
air-craft guns were located on the high ground along both sides of
tLe inlet, Yost, if not all, of these are believed to be manned at
*Data on military installations are based on entirely upon
information readily available to the Georraehy Division of CIAn
TA moat oases, only approximate locations can be given,
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the present tine. During the war a series of been and net defenses
were stretched across several of the northern arml of Koltskiy Zaliv,
as well as across the entire width of the inlet 44 a point, 3 miles
south of Polyarnyy,
Three airfields are known to have been in operation in the
Vayenga area during the wax' years. The most important., is located
directly south of the Vayenga naval bases.has two runways, one of
which is 7,600 feet long, As many as 13C aircraft have been based
there. At the present times this is a fighter and bomber training
base, used by both the soviet Air Fero? and the Soviet Naval Air
Force, The other two airfields are located outside the southwestern
margin of the region, one immediately east of Chel'eeopushka and the
other 3 miles south of Cryaznyy. Gryaznyy is also the site of the
principal seaplane station in the Kola Peninsula.
There are two known check-points on the Vurmansk-Vayenga road,
one at the intersection with the road leading south from the Vayenga
naval base to the airfields and one directly south of the small bay
on the western side of the naval base. All the individual military
and naval installations along the sides of Kkillskiy Zaliv are of
course closely guarded,
Ostrov Kiltdin is the second area in which military fortifi-
cations are known to be concentrated. An early-warning radar station
and heavy coastal guns are located on the western Gide of the island,
Guns of unknown caliber are also reported on the eastern tips of both
Ostrov Kiltdin and the smaller island to the east, Ostrov Malyy Oleniy.
Clusters of antiaircraft guns are also scattered en Ostrov Kiltdine
and the island contains facilities for both land and sea planes. An
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airfield with an earth runway 3,500 feet long is located just north
of the small cape on the south-central shore. According to reportsl,
this field can accommodate as many as 40 to 50 fighter aircraft.
Seaplanes of the Soviet Air Force use the small harbor directly
west of Kiltdinskoye, Small naval vessels of various sorts have
been observed moored at both the western and eastern ends of the
southern shorc,
Teriberka is another area in which there are a number of military
installations. The approaches to the settlement are portected by
both early-warning radar on the cape north of Guba Orlovka and by
coast artillery on the heights at the mouth of the inner bey. Several
batteries of antiaircraft guns also encircle the settlement, War..
time German reports indicated that a largo garrison of infantry (two
battalions) and light artillery troops were stationed in Teriberka,
An airfield and seaplane landing facilities aro located nearby.
infermation on the location of the seaplane landing is eontradictej,
but the airfield is 1.4 miles southwest of Teriberka, As an adeJe-
istrative (rayon) center, Teriberka in probably the local cen1ei for
the security forces in the region, A german World War II re-pert
indicated that about 100 to 150 )VD troops were stationed at Teri-
berka, Sullactrines ?arl PT boats are apparently based there.
The only other military installations in the region are at
Gavrilovo? where a radar station of unknown type and a PT and patrol.
boat base are reporeed.
VIII. Analyst's Note
ThE reliability of the information gi.c.an in this 44eRs-
terTain iiRdidal? ISeralefito 6 "
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lc Trfematior
an ", 1 0 r:4,JrGation arc inc,7;plei.e Lifermik,fl m-
military installLt ens in generally reliole alicaTh It 15
SOVTC3S several ye ,:s oldc,
The place nam.: used in the teKt con:erm wL hoe
the accompanying 1 ,?5OICY:0 orientation mapo f?oa31 J:
for be eca;a1 strip, having been compiled !ito tle
a :9141. Russian hyd-nrraphic chart (No. 1431) arid
;ar II Aerial ohetsraphs, The repesentation of'6ae
llov-rver depandal solely on medium,scale maps aad is of
lirlDility only, Ltrcer-scale Ruseian map probably exist, nf
are not availac - most of he region.
The photemaps lceempanyIng the report am mosaics prfep-r
:rom aerial photog..lphs taken during the waro Th n mosaio:;
Ilmt part of tAeir ur.efulness through reductioa bat U,S, Air Porc,1
;nneral Photo inte:2pretation Reports, which pxovide indexes t:
iailahle individu%1 photographs for the region? may be obtli
from the Graphic. 1,Agister,
25X1 C
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F-ifT_re 1, Tryiented COPstline south of Ostrov ir?len/7
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Fioire 2, Cape east of Voronlya River; siettlave of Gairrilcrvo
inlicated by letters 0 - G near ri
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Figur? 3. Old photograph of fishing settlement of Gavrilovo9
taken at low tide when a large part of the inlet
is drained of its watero
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at TO rib (-2 ( T ) a head f sh ta%?ed ixi
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Figure 5., Ship at anchor in the inlet near Tyuva on
the eastern side of Kollskiy Zany,
Figure 60 Small 3ake on Oatrov Kill din;
steep coaat ofancritti
?
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Figure 7. Deep canyon on the northern Shore
of Ostrov Kiltdin.
Figure 8. Ilys Ityks the cape on the south,.
western tip of ?stray Killdin.
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Figure 9. 1,-/thouse in the vicinit;57. of Polyamyy.
Figure ID, Shelt&ged inlet on which the Poyarmy
naval base is situated.'
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Figure U. Western arm of kollskiy Zaliv directly north of
Polyarmy? with naval signal station on cape to
left. View is toward the northwest, apparently
from Ostrav Yekaterininskiy.
Figure 12. View upstream from th). settlement of Teriberka
(date unknown, but photograph is probably old).
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Figure 13. Harbor at Polyarmy naval base,
Figure 14. Close-up of naval signal station
shown in Figure U. -
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Figure 15. Type of reindeer sled used in the Kola Peninsala.
In some areas where reads are undeveloped the
sleds are used even in summer.
.FID.ENTAL
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U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
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1936 r.
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ITX-KARJALAN KARTASTO
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