THE KRASNOVODSK - GASAN-KULI COASTAL REGION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01009A000500040001-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 55
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 30, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 30, 1954
• Content Type: IR

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Lopy No. /0
OtifiDENTIAL
GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
THE KRASNOVODSK - GASAY-KULI COASTAL TI0N
CIA/HR-0R.-38
30 January 1954
NIMA Declassification/Release Instructions on File
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
DOCUMENT NO.
(
NO CHANGE IN CLASS.
I 'I DECLASSFIED
CLASS. CHANCED TO: TS c;
NEXT REVIEW DATE:
AUTAH ')
DAT? ReviEwEn:
372044
1
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WARNING
? This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 799:, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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WESTERN TURKMEN SSR
i
0.011/P4HHCH11171
I
(1 O. Ogurchinskiy
\ 'I
CA\ASPIAN
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20-1 \
Z \',.
14 ) \
,
ecl5an-Kuli
Pkvserve
Chilastily
-uth.T.0
racam-k
\ Gasan-Ku
,
1 k
111)
I
1116
I
BEH
13025 13025
MINERAL RESOURCES
Petroleum.
II Coal
ij Salt
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Barites
Scale 12,500,000
50
100
7 1 1 1 1 1
MILES
50
KILOMETERS
100
SOURCE
SREDNYAYA AZIYA (Central Asia)
1:1,500,000 G1JGK, Moscow, 1953
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TIE ARASNOVCOSK GASAN-KULT COASTAL REGION
I. IntrodItction
TM.s tttudy is an analysis of selected geographic aspects of
the Kr110101, )dSk Gasan-Kuli Coastal Region. The region fronts
on the Casinan Sea and includes most ef the coastal extent of the
Turkmen SSR. The northern limit is marked by the latitude
40*1.51N and the southern limit by the Soviet-Iranian frontier.
The northern bovadery lies approximately 15 miles north of the city
of Krasnaiodsk. .ft.om north to south the region stretches across
approximately 190 ones. Across the southern half of the coastal
region, the eastern limit lies 15 to 25 miles inland from the
Casp.Lan shore and closely pa:allele the longitude 510'151E. Over
the northern half, between the latl.tudes 3900'11 and 40*15'N, the
eastern boundary rws in a north-northvesterly direction and passes
through the Neftede; (Neblt,-Dag)oi:. fields. It delimits an area
whese inland extent is quite varieble because of the uneven con-
figuration of the toast line.
. n, Terrain and V< Ittation
Mut of the Kasnovodsk Gasan-Kuli Coastal Region is desert
lowland. tale prinpipal exceptions to the low character of the
lAkndscepe are the T;rasnovodsk Plateau, two mountainous promontories
jutting into Krasne vodsk Gulf (Krasnovodskiy Zaliv), a highland
spine ca Cheleken E,minsula (Poluostrov Cheleken.) and several
isolated peaks. Oul..standing terrain *features include escarpments
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of the plateau, and volcanoes, ephemeral lakes which are salt-encrusted
or baked clay depressions in the dry season, salt pans (Figure 1), eand
dunes, and a, large swamp along the lower Atrek which becomes impassable
during the rainy season. As a result of recent pronounced lowering of
? the level of the Caspian Sea, the coastline 'his become more regular as
bay and inlet bottoms have been exposed, islands. and the =inland have
been united, and spits have broadened. Nevertheless, the northern coastl
from the Xrasnovodsk Peninsula (Xrasnovodskly Foluostrov) to 39.00?N
latitude, remains much more indented than the coastline to the south.
The sparse vegetation cover of the coastal region consists of
desert varieties of trees, shrubs, grasses, and herbs. Milophytes
(plants conditioned to soil impregestftl with salts) are common through-
out the coastal lowland (Figure 2). Shrubs and trees are usua14 low
and widely spaced with twisted, gnarledtmmenhes and small leathery
leaves (Figure 3)-. In the spring rainy season, most of the desert
plants enter their vegetatice period and frequently foam a dense cover.
In spring, in addition to the green appearance of the landscape, a
multitude of vivid flowers add color to waxy parts of the desert. In
the hot dry summer, leaves fall and grasses become brown and lifeless.
The northernmost, part of the region encompasses the southern
portions of the Xrasnovodsk Plateau and a sandy coastal plain. This
sandy desert lowland extends north-south and includes the entire length
of the 21-mile long 'pit which terminates at Cape Xrasnovedsk (Nye
Xrasnommdskly). West of the Xrasnovedsk Plateau, the lowlanclis about
10 miles aide. In placesalong the sandy spit it is less than 1 mile
^ 2 do
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ride. The sandy desert consists mainly of long, fixed north-south
trending sand ridges Interconnected by short transverse chains of sand.
Miclosed In this grid-like pattern of ridges are numerous basins 60
to ao feet deep. This sandy desert lowland supports a sparse cover
of short grass and bushes about 3 feet high.
The western escarpment of the Kraanovodsk Plate= rises steeply to
a height of 200 to 300 feet above the coastal lowland. Its face is dis-
sected by Emmy deep, parallel ravine*. The broken eacterpment at the
southern edge of the plateau is about 650 feet high, and near Cape Otro)
Kaba-Sengir it rises to an elevation of approximately 900 feet (Figure 4
end air photo I). The average altitude of the plateau top is about 650
feet, but elevations vary greatly frees place to place. The plateau is
a steppe plain interrupted by small hills, sharp, steep ridges, and
flat-bottomed depressions: The clayey plateau surface contains only
occasional sand dtmes.
The Shakadam and Ufra promontories which jut into the Krasnovodak
Gulf have east-vest trending uranurtainous ridges which run parallel to
the plateau face (Air photo 2). The Makatea ridge, near which the
city of Kraanovodsk is located, reaches a height of 610 feet. The I
elevation of the Ufra ridge *lightly exceeds 425 feet. Pertau Spit,
stretching southwestward from the Shakadam prombntory, has an elevation
of 85 feet balm sea level but rises 7 feet above the level of the
Caspian Sea.
'in the southern part of the Irrasnovodsk Plateau about 50 percent
the land is covered with vegetation. The vegetation cover rereehes
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SO inches in height and consists primarily of wooed (eimilan to eage
leeush of Western America) and sol,yanka (a squat halophyte). Biyurgan,
a amall arab used for camel feeAogrove in association with solyanka.
Wormwood areas often contain a feu Week saksaul trees, twisted hardeds devoid of leaves and from 13 to 20 feet tall,' Black saksaul wood
deteriorates sleety and makes a gooa fuel.
Shor Darehanskiy, a large poorly drained Iceland, lies between
iceasnavoask Plateau and Kardzba Perinsula. Until recently it vas a bay
a: the Caspian Sea. During the rainy aeason it is covered with water
er salty mud, while in the dry season white salt crystals ccver the
elciegy suriaca iVo small islwels are loeleted in Krasnovodsk Bay
directly vest of Shor EtslkhanstiY.
Derazta Peninsula is 30 miles long and 20 males wide. Its surface
X3 a lov pIeje covered by barkhans (,crescenteebsped dand dunes)
07igure 5). The hgheat elevatien is about 170 feet. Salty depreesions
oecupy =wiz,' 20 percent of the.ueninaula.
!Ithe vetetation varies according to the type of soil. On the more
viable sends, both black and white sakaaul gem in open stands. On
the shifting sands vegetation consists of saksmul and several types of
eeehea which drop their short leaves and twin in the dry season. Th
the salty depreseiono and along e eashore stented halophytes and
geasses aro round. On the parts of the seashore whore sands are cemented,,
the we is very scanty and ceramists of scattered hushes 10 to
7:.X) inches aa height.
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CONTENTS
10
II.
III.
IntrOdUCt1On0000000000 0 0 0 0 ?
Terrain and Vegetation . .. ? .0 ? ? 116 ? ? ? ?? co ? is. ? ? o ?
Hydrography ....... .. .0 . ? . . . ? 0 ? . ? . . ? .
Pape
1
lit
?
itto Inland Features . . . .. ? . ? 0 0 -(1) ea oc, oc, o a.
14
..
B. Caspian Sea ? .. .. . . ? . .. '0 9 0 0 ? 0 0 ? 0 9 ?
1.5
IV.
Climate . . :.?.?..............?....
18
A. Temperature ? ???... U1 ? 0 0 0 0 ? 0 CI
18
Bo Precipitation .....?...?,:
,...????.? . .
19
C. Winds . ... . . ..???.......... 0
20
D. Visibility Restrictions . . . . 0 ? 0 0 9 0
21
E. Cloud Cover . ...............
21
F. Length of Day ?0641.00
22
V.
Population and Settlement . ? ? ? ? . . ? 0 4* 11 0 0 0 0
23
VI.
Ethnic Composition 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 931
VII,
Transportation .?.... . 4 *000000100*o
A. Railroads 9 ? ? ? o 9 00 ? 0 0 060000
34
B. Roads and Trails.... . 00000 00000
C. Sea Routes . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OOOOOOO 0 0 4.* 0 0
D. Air Routes ..0.0000 0 ..? 0 00 0 0 40 lb
VIII. Military Installations 0 0 ...... 0 W 0 6 0
Ix.
Analysts Note e ? 0 OOOOOOOOOOOO e ? ? 0 o
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Figure 1
Figure 2.
Figure 3?
Figure 4,
Figure 5.
Figure du
Figure 7,
Figure 80
Figure 9.
ILLUSTRATIONS
A salt pan or shor during the dry season. In
the rainy season it may become filled with water .0
The halophytic brush cover of hummocks in a salt
pan near the Caspian shore* 00 000 00000
0
Desert ehrub vegetation 000009.641.60????
3
Plateau escarpment 'behind the eastern part of the
city of Krasnovodek 0 66 * ?6 4
Barkhan dunes a ? ........ 0 0 000 0 000 7
Salt flats near the Cheleken hills* These flats
become marshy during the rainy seasoa 0 DOODC
The rough Chokhrok hill land in the western part
of the Cheleken Peninsula 0 . ?9.91000 00
The escarpment at the western edge of -Cheleken
Peninsula. Since the photograph was taken, a narrow
sandy beach has probably energed at the base of
the escarpment
10
Sand hills on the Cheleken Peninsula ? ..... ? 10
Figure 10. The crater of
Figure U.
Figure 12,
Figure 13.
Figure 140
a mud volcano on the Cheleken Peninsula 11
Mud volcanoes near Chikishlyar .??????.. 11
A part of the lower Atrek in summer. The dry rimer
bed in to the left ....... 0 000601100
A view of Krasnovodsk with the Krasnovodsk Bay in
the background
Turtas on the Krasnovodsk Plateau ? ? 01P0
Figure 15. A wooden house in the fishing settlement of
Oasan,,Kuli 0 . ......... 0 0?0 00
Figure 16, A Turkmen
Figure 17. A Turkmenian woman . ..... . .
00
16
24
6000 30
06000
???
32
0 ? . 0 33
Figure 18. Camels crossing a salt flat on the Cheleken Penimula 36
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MAPS AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
(Enclosures)
Western Turkmm_S.S (C/A 13025); 12,500,000, k
AMS H502 Series, Sheets NK 39-12, NJ 3944 NJ 39-6, NJ 110.19
NJ 4P-5, NJ 40,9 (AmAmtraphic ccrilet) 3t250i000*
Air Photo 10
The escarpment of the Kraenoliodsk Plateau, immediately
southeast of the city of Krasnovodsk0
Air Photo 2, The Ufra promontory&
Air Photo 3. The city of Krasnolrodsk& k
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A p r th,1 iltrA in strapor. Me dry river
thit _oft
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The lowland joining Dardzhe and Cheleken peninaulas consists of
Imlay exposed sem bottom as well as former islands and peninsulas.
This area hoe a rolling landscape with sandy heighte alternating with
ew salt pans and salt marshes elolonchaks). Cheleken Peninsula is a
reneed headland with the Kerfardzha Spit stretching about 11 ranee-
.ecm the north shore and the Dervish Spit extending about 12 miles
eseea the &south shore. Both spits are sandy with elevations entirely
Trelov sea level. Lendfarts on ebeleken Peninsula are diverse. Sand
end solonchak lwelands (Figure 6) arc found on the margins of the
peninsula, the broken Chokhrok (Chokrak) chain of hills occupies the
west-central Dart of the peninsula CiTigure 7). Low, active, mud
volcanoes are in the vest end a steep escarnrent parallels the vesteen
ehoralime (Figure 8). Both sand hills and barkhana surround the
bigblande ((Figure 9). The greatest extent of barkhans is in the eastern
part of the peninsula and numerous salt pans are interspresed with the
4eunes. The Chokhrok Bills rise anurcatimately 350 feet above the
(*Evian Bea. They are dissected by deep ravines. Craters of some ee
elle mud volcanoes are about 6 feet in diameter (Figure 10). In places,
e*ere are elevations consisting of hmrd sheets, called "kirs," vhich
ere eceposed or rocks and sand cemented by oil blown from old volcanees,
tient of these elevations have precipitous slaiem).
Oa the Cheleken Peninsula beushv shrubs and saksaul form a carer
1 .feet bleh and grasses are scattered throughout. In areas of cemented
Lends and %Lefty soils, way videay dispersed shrubs are found.
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vAgure 6,
8iat fiata nesz the Oho,leker,
mnrshy durIzIgtbc .miry
,
:J,7qugh Ohd0,irok ltAnd Szi the vectrea 7,11.,rt
Vgwlustkla?,
y
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Itlryeriltre:t veztern edge. of Che.leker.i
phott:NTh 14.0,21 tP.,1",e11, @ MC.Vrati sorAy ban
emerged et, the base of 'thec....q3earpae,vt.
)741.1 CM V3i) Chel?o7,!:ve3 PZ.Y.kint1.1,)
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The aandy desert Peski Darzhi-ran lies east of Cheleken Peninsula
end contains roes of berkhans and Lertgep north-south ridges of sand
130 feet high. Perth= to the east is the (west pan-shaped salt marsh
depression. Shor Irelgkor which is 25 miles in diameter. Neftedag, an
oil-producing hilly section of salt domes rises in the center. The
elevation of Neftedag is 150 feet. Active mud volcanoes and "kir"
eheets are cannon features in the immediate vicinity of Neftedag.
.fiverage elevation of the salt.encrusted. Nerkor is about 65 feet below
sea level.
Terrain between Slice.' Ke3.qror end the lower Atrek River bas local
differences, but essentially it calists of a rolling lowland desert
acute ire; send ridges and dunes, aolonchak depressions, and clay pans.
Other smell but nuentrOUS landscape features are burial mounde and tabs
id the ruselus of ancient irrigation systems. South of Zetliv Uzun-Su
ilei1 inland frets the coast, the ektrellel sand ridges and depreseiois
Dave a genet:al north-south orientation. In 6.enera1, elevations range.
from 65 feet below see level, to about 130 foot above. 'ale most prominent
height is e. small volcano Gora1.1r:ek-Pat1etuk, about 330 feet above the
Cesplan 3ce. level. Near Chikiohlyar several mud volcanoes rise above
the surrounding area (iligure 11). A number of the voloenoes it mud
tted gases. The coastline south of 39.00?N is regular 'with few inlets.
F2?da the Cheleken Peainsula southward to Geokaba-Muyu the vegetation
,..teresists or scatter ad clams of halophytes end only a relatively fetr
gtands of caksaul. South of Geolccht-leurtf Mtn sedge plants about one
foot in iirjt are dominant. A short legume (milk vetch) is found arming-
----' "P
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them and is used for livestock feed. In addition there are raw low
ephemeral spring-flowering plants. In valleys with cemented sand they
outnumber the sedges. Near the lover Atrek River low, annual, ephemeral
-
plants and scattered bushy shrubs make up the vegetation cover. The
vegetation period extends from March to the end of Way. The land
remins barren until the short eeconde.ry autumn vegetation period.
During the high water period or the Atrek River, the lover valley and
delta are an impassable morass filled with -? and bullrushes. During.
the dry season sand hi) b, salt flats, clay pans and meadows predominate,. ?
Ogurelrinekly and ramysly?Ada islands are the 2 meet important islands
offshore Trcia the Krasnovotisk Gateen-Kuli Coastal Region. Beth are
elongated lowland strips. Orgurchinskiy Island is a sant, island
about 8 miles southwest of the. tip of the Dervish Peninsula. It has a -
:tenth of about 23. miles and a mix= width of 1 1i2 miles.Kamys1y-Ada
Island is 1 mile south of Ogurchinskiy. It is about 3 lailes Ling and ?
1/3 of a mile wide.
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A. InlandFeetures
Host of the inland hydrogeaphic features in the Krasnovodsk ?
Gasan-XUli Coastal Region are characterized by their ephemeral nature ?
water bodies become prominent in the landscepe only during the spring
rainy season. There are no, permanent streams. NUmerous, deep, steep-
walled ravines dissect highlund areas. Dry river beds, rain water
catchment basins, and wells (salty and fresh) are unevenly distributed
throughout the region. A large swamp lies along the lower Atrek River.
The largest or the ephemeral water bodies are Shor 'Calker and Shot
Balkhanskiy.
Solonchaks end takyrs are the two major types of depressions which
become fillielinith water in spring. Solonchaks, or shore, are salt
marsh depressions which are usus3ly full of water in the rainy mason
but become dry, uneven, spongy, and salt-encruated during the dry
season. Takyrs are shallow muddy lakes during the _rainy season; in
early summer As the water evaporates they become impassable vagmireall
for the remainder of the dry season they are level, hard, cloy pant
with sod cracks in the form of polygons. These eater collecting
depressions are widely scattered throughout the coastal region. For
the nomadic herdsmen, many of them serve as iMportent sources of surface
and ground water.
Wells are coemon in the sandy desert lowland of the Xrasnovodsk
Peninsula and most of these contain fresh water. Avatar pipeline.
extends from the wells located near Cape Tarte to FrasnOvodek. On the
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ICtasnovedek Plateau fresh and salt water wells are found near the plateau
-idges and et the bottoms of some of the sinks. A few springs are also
located nemr the edge of the plateau. Cheleken Pent/Isla, also has
numerous wells but a large number are salty. A =doer of hot springs
end salt seringe are found on Cheleken Peninsula.
.During the spring high vatee period and in early Gummier, the lover
244:Volley is an impassable labyrinth of distributary channeles reel-
filled swamps* and sand hills. At this time the waters of the Atrek
1Z.7 reach the Caepian Sea even though clearly defined, stable channels
t4 the sea are not present. The average width of the main chanuel of
Atrek is 30 to 65 feet but at its terminus it is approximately 5
feet only Luring the high-water season the waters of the Atrek may
cover an expanse 3 1/2 miles vide. In the dry season, flow in the
Atrek ceases and stagnant pcols alternate with stretchs of dry river
bed (Figure 12). Ice does not form on the lower Atrek.
The level of the emplane which has been periodieeviy droppings
lays; reecho& its lowest stage in 400 years. The Caspian now lies 92
feet balm mean sea level. As a result of the recent recession there
ve been rany Changes in the cosetline; beaches have broadened, bays
have dimininhed in size* and islands have become penineulas. The most
ceeppecuove exampleo of the changes are the transformatlen a Chelekea
Isle's& into Cheleton Peninsula ae,1 LeinereeyPey 211t0 Shor Balkhanskity,
a salt marsho Gesareeeeli, once a gulf peeh is now neorizr 5 miles
Inland. Piety yeeee zee the entrance to Krasnovodsk Bay was easily
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.vigable by large freighters but at the present time such ships are
limited to two dredged charnels and on.3,y shallow draft fishing boats
can move elsewhere in the by
The cleat in general can bt; described as a lows flat shore
with neeliselble surf and sandy beetches. Frau Dervish Peninsula to
Dardzha Peninsula wad at the Nresnovedek Spit there are submsrged shoals.
E3.sewhere approaches are clear. A stlellow offshore beach approach
extends for 85 adios from the Iranian border northtnsrd to Cape Chachsek.
*iette offshore gradient for this part of the coast is about 6 feet per
idle except at the outlet of Gasest-Eull. Bey Visere the gradient is 1
Foot per mile. Elsewhere along the coast the slope in greater and. off
the western shore a the Dervish Peninsula the depth is 12 feet.
Near the shore daily variations in sea level are caused by changes
In wind direction since there are no tides. Northwest and west winds
raise- the level trfaile southeast and oast winds lower the level. Currente
are northerly. In the northern half of the regi. cos the sun reflecting
off the small gulfs and nearby Balt lakes sometimes makes shorelines
unregagetizab/e and distances difficult to eat:I:mate. In the north thin
ice forms on a narrew strip along the coast but it does not hinder
navigation. Nrasnovedsk Milt freezes over cetly tn severe winters but
even -then naviseatien is possible.
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IV. Climate
The Krasnovedsk Gasan-KUli Coastal Region has a desert climate
with extreme aridity and sharp annual and daily Variations in temperature,
Summers are hot and winters are cold. Temperature varietions are greater
in summer than in winter. Autumn is the best season for human comfert.
The climate is not as severe as that of the Kara Kum desert expanse
located in the interior of the Turkmen SSR. The Caspian Sea exerts a
moderating influence over the coastal region 'which results in milder
winters cooler summers, greater cloud cover, and higher wind
A. Temerature
Average monthly teaperaturee are !above freezing throughout
the year. At Erasnovalek the average temperature for the coldest months,-
January, is 37'.F. The warmest month is July with a mean of 84V.
During winter (Eecsaber through February) the average daily
Minimum temperature lies below here It reaches the freezing point
only in January when it is 32?F at Xraanovodek and 30?F at Gasaniatlio
In winter the ,Mean daily maximum does not rise above 501'7. Subfreezing
teaPeratures can occur as early as NoveMber endue late as Meech. Winter
weather is changeable and tends to alternate between warm and cold spells.
The absolute winter minim= is 1.1?V. The absolute maximum is 66?F.
During the latter part of April and in May a rapid transition to
high summer temperature occurs. in the hottest months, July and August,
the range between average night and day teMperatures is fran 75*F to
90?P. From Awe through August mid-afternoon temperaturee approaching
10011e are not infreepent. Early morning temperatures Belay= arop below
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60?F. Summer teseeratures as high as 110?F (at Uzun-Ada) and as low as
50*P (at grasnovodsk) have been recorded. The oppressiveness of ammmmr
hest is substantially ameliorated by the strong evaporation caused by
dryness of the atmosphere. Activity by even the acclimatized local -
populace is seriously curtailed by the intense heat of afternoon. Over
sandy expanses the ground may beat up to a tepperatue high enough to
cause skin burn upon contact. Relatively high temperatures continue
until late October when they rapidly give logy to winter cold. In
Septetber and early October, nights become quite cool.
B. Precipitation
Precipitation in the coastal region is meager. The annual
total over most of the region averages only 4 to 5 inches. The amount
Increases south of ,Ohikishlyar where the average is 7 inches. Variations
from year to year are great. With the exception of the extreme south,
most of the precipitation fails between NoveMber end April. During
this period the monthly precipitatien averages four-tenths of an inch
or more. The higheitaNerages occur in March and April. when eight-'tenths
and nine-tenths of an inch occur. Six months of the year are almost.
rainless. Prom May through October the average monthly rainfall does
not exceed two-tenths of an inch. Rains normally occur on only' One or ?
pethape-two days per month.
In the extreme south most of the precipitation occurs from October
through April. The average fall for each of these months is six-tenths
of an inch or more. March is the wettest with an average of one inch.
Pr= Maer through SepteMber monthly averages of four-tenths of an inch
or less are tutual.
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Precipitation throughout the coastal region occurs primarily as
showers. Thunderstorms are rare and snow is negligible. The few light
anowfalle of winter produce ground covers of only Short duration.
C. Winds
The basic pattern of air rove:meat is monsoonal in character.
Throughout the winter easterly winds blowing from the Interiorof the
continent are dominant. Winds from the northeast quarter appear to be
most prevalent in winter. In summer the flow of 'alt is reversed ahd
westerly winds prevail. In the north summer winds) are mainly from the.
northwest quarter. In the south the most frequent Winds range in
direction from northwest to southwest. The monsoonal flow, however, is
disrupted by land and sea breezes of diurnal Periodicity'. These breezes
are most pronounced during the Warm months. Land breezes blow offshore
during the niaht and earl,* norningi Bewbreezeo'begin blowing onshore
in late morning andere strongest in the afternoon. Sem breezes penetrate
20 to 25 miles inland but land breezes are felt for oak 10 to 15 miles
seaward.
Wind velocity appears to be generally higher in the south than in
the north.' At Chikishlyar winds blow-strengly the year around, averaging
15 to 18 miles per boUr in 'summer and 8 to 15 miles per hour in Winter.
A narked feature of wind conditions at Chikishlyer is the exceptienally
infrevent occurenee of calms. Through the course of the year winds at
Xrasnovcdsk have meat velocities ranging between 8 to 15 miles per hour.
During the cold months, at Erasnovodek, calms are recorded for_30:to 40
percent of Observations taken &t 0700 and 1303. Gale winds Oelocities
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excess of * miles per hour) are not itifropertt. At Krasnovodsk 3
to .4) atles are experienced iall maths except Zanuaryl Ti'dbruary, and
OctizIwzr. Strong winds are particulurly troublesome to the trtveller
the great quantity of dust Ilhich is raised. Send. particles
:ffehl)les are calnled by varas of gide force.
1). Visibility Restrictions
:atat haze is the principal. rest2..:Latikia to vii;ibIlity. It ,.}3
thr011kaout the Near hut enerts ramcimun. effect On
etraiterr. The atmilphere is relatively free of dust during
fend eart pera-iccla tlien litidetBp:V-Xtd SUOre Cower 4:1?XiStf In the SMITher
itlaZe in frecystnt:t,y c-giourll to make navipAtion along
tiv,t tjhore difficult by kui'1 blit4zating shme f-,70.,t,urar,? Duzit,
4tc.1,7:JJs devolo.;% with high vina apeeds- When winds cl.; gale force are
vlstbilit:f,' it; out t4:a on.41/47.r.i:'ety yards. DulYina: thkst day the
4-,,z,ntait f Vae aP:zaceptioyee it: usually greatest during the :6,CtErni
heat
ITerbs crzii Lindrance to v?-1.81.billty primarily. iiVer the Caspian Ef.a.:
corlymoraing phemmenat, for a VCrf lttited distance lnlknO-
are 1.4ost frotlylent durffx4r, Pahrustry,, and FiArch and are rnros.:
:Z. Cloud. CoveT
frv.p22:1-nt4 of e:i.:ou47 days Osean cloudiness of 80 to 100
faltriy Fron rovenber thro,u0. Mrch cloudy days cati.
?.-J1.7T,Ited. VA 5 to 10 duys of cach month. The average aumbe of cleer
f.,mean cloudiness Of 0 tO 20 perma0 is apN.Nle.vately the SMMP)
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Minimum cloudiness occurs during the hot weather season froia June
through September when less than 4 cloudy days per month occur. At
this time periods of virtually cloudless skies lasting for as long as
a week are common.
111' ISAA..215_AZ
Daylightlastsfor approximately 9 ita hours in December and
increases at a rate of approximately one hour per month to a maxtram
or about 15 hours in June. The length of day then begins to decrease
at the above rate toward the December low. In December the sun rises
at about 0715 and sets around 1645; in June sunrise occurs at approx-
imately 0430 and sunset, at about 1930. For the entire year natural
illumination is normally sufficient for ordinary outdoor activity for
approximately one-bait hour before sunrise and after sunset. This figure
varies with weather conditons and can be lowered considerably by dust
haze.
The period of complete darkness (except for moonlight and star-
light) varies slightly through the course or the year. In December
complete darkness begins epproxlmately 1 1/2 hours after sunset& and
terminates 1.2/2 hours before sunrise. In June this interval approaches
2 hours.
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V. Pu3..matt....._____onandSettlessent
The population of the Krasnovodsk Casan-ftli Coastal Region is
extremely sparse, averaging less than 2.5 persons per square mile Over
most of the area. The centers of greatest concentration are Krasnovedsky
Cheleken and Imeni 26 Bakinskikh Fomissarov (Vyshka) in the northern
part of the coastal region and Gasan-Kuli, the largest settlement near
the southern limits. The population density in the immediate vicinity
of these towns exceeds 25 parsons per square mile.
In the area west of Krasnovodek between Cape &lemmata and Nuull..
/Sepik, a salt extraction village to the north, the population density
flUctuates between 2.5 and 25 persons per square mile. Along the
coastline are a number of tiny fishing villages.. Canning establishment's
are located at two of the larger fishing settlements of May (Tarts)
west of Krasnavodsk and at Kizyl-Sue near the southern extremity of
Krasnovedak Spit. A flab fertilizer plant and boat repair facilities
are also reperted at gley1.0a.
Rrasnovedsk4 with an estimated population of 35,000p is the major
eettlement along the entire Turkmen. coast.; The city is located on the
northwestern share of Krasnovodsk Pay (Krasnovodskiy Zaltv) (Figure 13).
To the at is the long narrow Krasnovodsk Spite The northern extent of
the town is boUndedlig a reeky escarpment several hundred feet in height..
Krasnovedek is the western terminus of the Turkestan Trunk Rail Line and.
of pipelines frem Rebit.Bag to the southwest. It is an important trans..
shipment point of oil9 cotton, Salt, wool, grain and Turkmen rags. Fistk
canneries, a'Shippard railroad repair Shops, eiottdIngadlias gypsum
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':?????-?
7:177..,"ek 17:7M r?-????1111
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111 _
1.41.1',11-111
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,
. _
v .
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rr 42,?4,
1;;I:dairgrcm
,
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worts and an oil refinery also contribute to the eitees ecoeomic iior
tance. A 32'4nch pipeline, which parallels the Turkestan rail route,
carries refined petroleum products southeasteard to AshkhabadL. This
pipeline is located 160 to 330 feet north of the railroad and lies
approximately 3 feet underground.
One-abery, white-washed stone houses leith flat roofs predominate.
Larger buildings have appeared only recently. Yards are covered vith
pebbles or asphalt and surrounded by stone yells. Streets of the city
are wide and straight and laid out la a rectangular pattern (aerial
Phote Most of the streets are Covered eith asphalt and run
from the ccartilne to the rocky cliffs. Fresh emter is obtained frem
Baku and by the distillation of SZQ eater. In recent years some brackish
ground vater north of the city has been used for the development of city
parks and the planting of trees.
Settlements east of Krasnovcdsk are located Chiefly along the
TUrkestan Trunk Line. The port of Ufra, located acmes the bay east
of Krasnerrodek, contains docks, Shipyards, rail yards, and a, petroleum
storage area. The port is connected to Kresnevodsk by both rail and.
hiehmey. Ehnt of Mr= a nuaber of railroad stations and tiny settlements,
consisting mainly of only isolated shacks, are strung along the rail
line at distances of 4 to 10 miles, A barracks area lies adjacent to
the rail line to the southeast of the Belek station050 rail miles from
Krasnovodsk, The proposed route of the defunct Turkmen Canal lies
immediately to the south of the rail line, There is no evidence of
construction activity on the canal in this area,
.25.
cereeree
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On the Iteasnovodsk Plateau population is extremely sparse,
averaging less than 2.5 persons per square mile, and unequally dis-
tributed. Animal husbandry, Chiefly camel raising, is the basic econcaic
activity of the nomadic population. During spring and. autumn more in-
tensiVe livestock herding is carried on in the area immediately north
of Krasnovodsk. A, winter camp site of the nomadic herdsmen is located
approximatelar 5 miles northeast of Itasnovodsk. The nomadic camps
consist of &me-shaped yurtas (Figure 14). Springs and small depressions
Which collect rainwater are the most common sites for these nomadic
canps.
On the sandy coastal area south of the Turkestan Railroad population
is very sparse. A few Turkmenian fishermen are located along the coast.
On Oheleken Peninsula, however, the population density increases,
ranging between 2.5 and 25 persons per square mile. A number of small
villages connected by dirt roads and trails are located mainly along the-
coastline of the peninsula. The population of Chaska). Peninsula is
composed principally of industrial workers engaged in the mining or
processing of salt, ozocerite, iodine, bromine end oil. The extraction
or minerals is concentrated Iseiely in the highland part of the peninsula.
Fishing is an important secondary activity. Rock salt, Which is mined
in the eastern part of the peninsula, is both exported and used locally
for salting fish. The peninsula is the largest producer of ozocerite
in the Soviet Union. Oil production on Cheleken Peninsula was believed
to be almost exhausted before the war. Since 1947 further exploration
and secondary recovery methods have been instituted.
28
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The largest settlement is the port of Cheleken located on the
steep western slopes of the peninsula. The prewar population of Cheleken
was about 4,000. Ships stopping at Cheleken provide the principal means
of transporting minerals and. other freight to and from the peninsula.
Other coastal settlements located at intervals of 5 to 9 miles include
Neyra-Tuz to the north; and Kara Mel' and Coma along the soUthern
coast. Dagadzhilt lies in the interior 9 miles east of Cheleken. The
villages consist primarily of Cal asymmetrical agglomeration of buildings.
Nomadic encanments are located along the southern coast of the peninsula
and in the vicinity of Nayra.:Iuz. The narrow elongated Ogurchinskly
Island, located on the shipping route between &asnovoisk and Chikishlyar
to the south, is ?telt miles south of the Cheleken Peninsula. It is
noted far fishing. The tiny settlement of Ogurchinakiy hss a fish can-
nery. Most fishing artivities along the Turkmen coast are collectivized.
The Neftedag oil fields are located in the Shor Kellkor east Of
the Cheleken Peninsula. These fields form the largest petroleum pro-
duping region in Central Asia. Production is centered at Ineni 26
Makinskikh Keniamarov. The population of the town is approximately 5,000.
The surrounding area is covered by numerous oil derricks and mining shacks
intercennected by roads radiating from Imeni 26 Bakinakikh Nbassarov.
Petroleum extracted in the vicinity of Imeni 261 Bakinskikh Nomissarov
is transported by rail and pipeline to the refinery at Nrasnovodsk and
to tank farms at both Krasnovodsk and Nebit-Dag. The tiny oil mining
settlement of Babn4odzha is located about 2 miles to the northeast.
The rail spur whicll connects Tmeni 26 BakinskikhNomisaarcAr with Nebit-Dag,
27
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15 miles to the northeast on the Turkestan Line, passes through this
settlement. Fresh, water for the settlement of Mani 26 Bakinskikh
Kowissarov is brought in by rail from Krasnovodsk and Kizyl Arvat.
In the barren ooastal stretch extending more than 100 miles south
of the Neftedag petroleum region, the population density is less than
2.5 persons per square mile. Most of the population is concentrated
in the southern half of the area. Herding activities are greatest in
this area during the autumn and spring grazing seasons. The numerous
trails most often lead to wells and water collection pits which provide
the only source of water for the nomadic herdsmen.
Fishing is also important in the southern part of the Turn
littoral. During early spring, in February and March, coastal waters
of Oasan-Mbli and or Ogurchinskiy Island yield the greatest fish catch.
Luring this period fishing artels from the entire Caspian coast other
here. Later the boats move toward the Azerbeydzhan coast to the vest.
According to current Soviet naps Chikiablyar, a small village 9 miles
north of Oasan-Kull, serves as a landing forshipevhich formerly docked
at Oasan-IM1i. However, with the Lovering of the Caspian Seas even here
ships are required to dock several miles offshore and only small native
craft are capable of reaching the shore.
The shallow ground water table in the vicinity of Chikishlrer permits
the cultivation of vinevards, pomegranates and melons which are not grown
in other coastal villages.
From Chikis:lyar southward to the USSR-Iranian border population
density averages between. 2.5 and 25 persons per square mile. The villamk.
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of Gasen-Ituli, located 6 miles north of the international border, is
one of the largest fishing centers of the Turkmen coast. In 1932, the
population of Clasen-Kull numbered about 3,770. Although no current
census data are available for the settlement, it is doubtful that Dagen.-
mai has expanded since it now lies about 5 miles treat the CesplAn coast
and. ships no longer aro able to dock here.
Clasan.auli is the only settlement in the region which has buildings
constructed itYrimerily of wood.. Mat of the single story 1)448.7:a CV log
houses stand on heavy wooden .piles (Figure 15). Donkeys are kept under
the buildings. Roofs consist of thin grey planks. A ner,row veranda
with railings is also built around many of these houses. Fish and nets
are frequently hung from the railings to dry. Carpet.makin.g is an
inDcrtant handicraft industry of the native women. Nausea in Clasen,.
Null form a hephazard pattern with no streets or sidewalks. Rains,
distilled. sea Inter and. the Ihadshi-ebkhta wells a abort distance north
on the road to Chlkialtlyar are the chief sources of potable water.
Rushes and reeds growing 1.12 the Atrek Valley 6 to 9 miles away are the
main sources of fuel.
The population dental* increases significantly I.a the broad Atrek
River valley east of Claean-Suli. Tear-round pastures are available for
livestock raising. East of the small settlement of Adzhi4ab, near
Onsen-Mali, are numerous nomadic camps located on the many distributaries
of the Atrek. These camps are spaced at distances or 2 to 6 miles.
The southern part of the coastal region has been designated as a bird
preservao
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VI. 32t12._n_icCiation
The population of the Krasnovodak Gasan-Khli Coastal Region is
predomtnatedy Turkmenian. Seeondary ethnic groups include Great
Russians, Kaaakhs, Armenians,Azorbaydzhaniand Thbeks. A?few Iranian
and Kurdiah tribes live along the Tur. -Iranian border. It is reported
that the Moslem Kurdish tribes are particularly hoetile to strangers.
rhe Turkemnianpoople, composed of various Turkic tribes, live chiefly
in the rural areas and engage in nomadic herding and sedentary agri-
culture. They also engage in fishing along the Caspian Coast. Russians
are concentrated mainly in the larger settlements.
The Turinseeian people have dark c .;lexions ana are tall and
slender. The stature of the men is frequently accentuated by tall sheep-
skin fur hats. Many of the mu have beards CFigure 16). Both men and
women wear colored clothing of various dark red shades. Outside
garments include one or more cotton robes. The women wear head bands
and maay natal ornaments (Ptgure 17). The TUrkmenian language is a
Turkic dialect influenced by various ninority tribal and ethnicgroups.
The majority of the Turkmenian people are Sunnite Mohamoedans,
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VII, Transportation
Lend transportation in the Krasnovodak Gaean-Kuli Coastal Region,
for the most part, is prialtive. The transportation net includes meny
trails, a limited nuther of dirt roads, and a trunk railroad. Sea lanes
radiate rron Krasnovodak 'which is also a major stop for air traffic.
A. Railroads
The major rail:meal crossing the region is the TUODM3tall Trunk.
Line Which runs eastward from Erasnovoisk. The rail line is a single-
track, Russian gauge (5 feet) railroad connecting the principal cities
of Central Asia. The western part of this trunk line is aligned
generally east-vest along the lowland strip 'which parallels the southern
escarpment of the Krasuovedsk Plateau. According to Soviet timetables
for 1950, a passenger train makes one round-trip per day between
Krasnovodsk and Rebit-Dag, 93 rail miles to the southeast. Along this
part of the route the speed of the trains averages 23 miles per hour.
A Soviet gauge spur line connects the town of Rebit-Dag with Imeni 26
Bakinskikh Komissarov. Passenger trains make 3 mend-trips per day
between the teens of ilebit-Dag and Deni 26Bakinskildi Komissarov.
B* Itc*P1.8404.Triags.
The transportation Vet is composed principally of dirt roads
and trails. In the north, the roads and trails are concentrated peer
Krasnovodak
and on Cheleken Panineulap and in the south, in the vicinity
of the Atrek Lowland. Mithln the coastal region, no direct road connect&
Krasnovodsk and Gasen-MIli. Desert routes between Krasnovodsk and
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Gesell...Kull consist of widely spaced paths or trails, Most trails traversing
the area connect scattered wells and grazing areas, and same lead to
populated places beyond the coastal region. Soma trails may be used by
motor vehicles, but camels provide the most ealeilEte mews of transport
(Figure 1.13). After rains some roads and trails may be impassable.
In the north most roads and trails radiate from Krasnavodsk. The
only improved dirt road in the coastal region extends westward -from
the Krasnovodsk rail head to the vicinity of Klanly (Tarte) where it
turns northward. The road foLlaws the coast and passes through the
village of Kuuli-ittayak at the northern boundary of the coastal region.
It then continues northward to Kara-Bogaz-Ool. The remainder of the
roads are unimproved. The road which runs northeastward tram Kreanovodsk
to SuiLi, located slightly beyond the coastal region, is a through route
across the Nrasnovodsk Plateau.
At the western end of Cheleken Peninsula a circular net of dirt
roads connects the villages of Dagadshik, Cheleken, Kara?Oel? and
Cgolana. From this Cheleken net a trail runs across the entire breadth
of the coastal region to Dzhebel, on the Turkestan Trunk Line.
In the sruth an important unbsproved road extends eastward from
Chikistelyar to Kizyl-Atrek, beyond the coastal region, where it meets
the main highway leading to Klaarl-Arvat an the Turkestan Trunk Line.
Casan-Kuli is connected by a dirt road to the more heavi4 populated
area of irrigation agriculture which lies east of the coastal region.
From Adzhi-Yab, 10 miles southeast of Casan-Kuli, a dirt road. leads
southward across the international border.
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C. Sea Lanes
There is regular steamship service between Krasnovodsk and
Baku (213 miles, 20 hours). Sea lanes e.Lso =tad from Itresnavodsk to
Pahlerl, Iran (276 miles); to Kara-Bogas.Ool (1/42 miles); to Astrakhanv
(600 miles); and to Chikishlyar (130 miles)*
D. Airlines
Regularly schedu1ed. airlines econect Krasnovoank with Ashkhabad
and Macaw. A regional, non-scheduled airline connects Gasen-KaLt vith
10.2y1.Arvat and. vith Kara-lrala.
37 co
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VIII. Military Installations *
According to readily available data, military installations other
than border security facilities are found only in the Krasnovodak
locality. An airfield reportedly now being used by the Soviet Air
Force for training purposes is located 2 miles north of Krasnewodsk.
The field has 2 concrete runways slightly exceeding 3,000 feet in length*
It also handles civil traffic. The small airfield near:Clasen-Kai
apparently has never been used for military purposes*
Erasnovodsk serves as a minor base for the Caspian Sea Fleet. Thie
fleet is primarily a training unit consisting largely of small vessels
such as torpedo boats, minesweepers, gunboats, and patrol boats,
Logistically the Krasnovodsk base is. incapable of supporting anything
larger than patrol craft. A small repair 'Yard near the village of Ufra
was expanded during World 'War I/ into a shipyard for the construction
and repair of vessels operating with the Caspian fleet..
* Data on military installations are based entirely on information
readily available to the Geography Division of CIA. They do not
necessarily indicate the total amount of militarization of the region*
Locations are approximate.
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TX, Ar1rstes Note
With excepiion of the city of Kraanovcdsic and the Neftedag
retro]eln fields, little inforrim.'Aon on the Krasnovodsk Clasan-Kuli
oastal Region appears in U.S. in:telligenee doctments or in Soviet
gaograpsic literature, The phywi.cal factors of terrain, vegetation,
hydrogra.phy, and climate aie faki,ly accurately and rather completely
ea:MX.11,3d,, The delineation of the Ca.spien coastline is approximate,
For the waltural factors of ocpulation, settlement, and transportation,
al incomplete but en ally reliable account is given,
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1
Approved For Release 2001/
TX, Ar1rstes Note
With excepiion of the city of Kraanovcdsic and the Neftedag
retro]eln fields, little inforrim.'Aon on the Krasnovodsk Clasan-Kuli
oastal Region appears in U.S. in:telligenee doctments or in Soviet
gaograpsic literature, The phywi.cal factors of terrain, vegetation,
hydrogra.phy, and climate aie faki,ly accurately and rather completely
ea:MX.11,3d,, The delineation of the Ca.spien coastline is approximate,
For the waltural factors of ocpulation, settlement, and transportation,
al incomplete but en ally reliable account is given,
09A6110500040001-2
C 14011:00_01#1:1
Approved For Release 2001
1009A000500040001-2
1
WESTERN SIBERIA 1:250,000
IS)
Approved For Release 2001/09/03 : CIA-RDP79-01009A000500040001-2
UGOR KYZNIAMA
EDITION 2?AMS
NJ 39-8
AMS SERIES N502
30, 630000m. E.
52029'50.9"
o
0 ?
^ b
CF,
430
45'
429
428
427
30'
426
425
424
15'
423
422
En
is5
'
e.
8
52?^ 2^ 9 50.7"
30'
64
65 45'
66
67
53'00'
68
69
15'
70
71
30'
'2
73
45' 74
75
54000 ,
54?00'20" 8
is!
m
?
b
cop E
rn
(54
430
SOLONGN-AXS
Banka UI skogo
45'
429
428
e Caspian Sea is as
rte d to be still
-fled rate.
427
30'
426
425
424
15'
423
SOi?CHAK
LONCHAK'
640000m . E.
65 45'
66
67
53?00'
68
69
15'
70
71
30' 12
73
74 45'
75
0
CD
2
76 54 00'20.2'
54?00'
TO CHIKISHLTAR 50 KM
AMS N502
Edition 2?AMS (First Printing, 5-55 )
Prepared by the Army Map Service (AMU)), Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C. Compiled in 1951
from medium scale map of U.S.S.R. (reliability fair) . Names transliterated in accordance with rules of the U.S.
Board on Geographic Names. Road classification should be referred to with caution. No woodland information
available. No aeronautical data shown in U.S.S.R. Spheroid changed to international by AMS, 1955.
GLOSSARY
banka bank kolodets well
bugor hill, hillock ostrov island
gora mountain solonchak alkali flats ,salt marsh
5
0
5
Scale 1:250,000
10
15
20
25 Statute Miles
5
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 Kilometers
5
0
5
10
15 Nautical Miles
INTERVAL OF APPROXIMATE CONTOURS 20 METERS
TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PROJECTION
HORIZONTAL DATUM IS BASED ON APPROXIMATE EUROPEAN DATUM
BLACK NUMBERED LINES INDICATE THE 10.000 METER UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR GRID. ZONES39 AND 40. INTERNATIONAL SPHEROID
THE LAST FOUR DIGITS OF THE GRID NUMBERS ARE OMITTED
1955 MAGNETIC DECLINATION FOR CENTER OF THE SHEET IS 5?00' EASTERLY. MEAN ANNUAL CHANGE IS 0?01' EASTERLY.
USERS NOTING ERRORS OR OMISSIONS ON THIS MAP ARE URGED TO MARK HEREON AND FORWARD DIRECTLY TO COMMANDING
OFFICER. ARMY MAP SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. MAPS SO FORWARDED WILL BE RETURNED OR REPLACED IF DESIRED.
Approved For Release 2001/09/03 : CIA-RDP79-01009A000500040001-2
PRINTED BY ARMY MAP SERVICE. CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 5-55 , 765657
GRID ZONE DESIGNATION:
SHOWN IN BLUE
TO GIVE A STANDARD REFERENCE ON
THIS SHEET TO NEAREST 1.000 METERS
100.000 M. SQUARE IDENTIFICATION
SAMPLE POINT: KOLODETS KURDELEN
SHOWN
IN BLACK
I. geed letters identifying 100,000 meter
XD a
:1
square in which the point lies:
YC
39S
XC Ye
430
, OS
BH
2. Locate first VERTIGO' grid line to LEFT of
point and read LAF,uE figure labeling the
line either in the lop,, bottom margin, or
on the line itself:
Estimate tenths from grid line to point:
4
9
3. Locate first HORIZONTAL grid line BELOW
70 54'
point and read LARGE figure labeling the
line either in the left or right margin, or
IGNORE the SMALLER figures of any
on the line itself:
6
grid number; these are for finding
Estimate tenths from grid line to point:
2
the full coordinates. Use ONLY the
LARGER figures of the grid number:
SAMPLE REFERENCE:
TC4962
examPle' 4210000
If reporting beyond 9?N-S or irE-W. prefix
Grid Zone Designation, as:
39SYC4962
36?
3 I
LOCATION DIAGRAM FOR NJ 39-8
52? 54? 56?
R 7.
1733 30:00kcs Ksf-T A GY L
:c.
NK 40-10
KIVH
Kirft-SD
ter
NJ 39-4
1/NY
its....NK 3941
TU RKMENSKAYA
? SSR NJ 40-2
NEBIT-DAG ISKANDER
NJ 40-1 ?
KIZTI,ARVAT
4J 39-s 39-8 AT-SOGAZ NJ 40-6
SIAM'
.NJ 40-5,
53?4
1
NJ 39-14
.0AZVIN
ft 3945?" NJ-39-i?
cnAtuS ? "B?L
GASAN-KDLI KORKI-03
NJ 40-B
NJ 40-10
NJ 40-13
sNAHRGD
A
JAJAR:
NJ 40-14
THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON
THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE
LEGEND
Figures in red denote approximate
distances in kilometers between stars
POPULATED PLACES
100,000 or over
50,000 to 100,000
10,000 to 50,000
2,000 to 10,000
Less than 2,000
ROADS
Hard surface, all weather
More than two lanes wide
Two lanes wide
Less than two lanes wide
Loose surface, improved
Dirt
Track; Trail
RAILROADS
Normal gauge (5 feet)
Narrow gauge
BOUNDARIES
International
SSR republic
Oblast'
Landmark feature
ALMA-ATA
CH IMKENT
FERGANA
Fara b
Vanch
3 LANES I a LANES
Principal Other
Single track
Double track
Horizontal control point
Spot elevation in meters
Well; Spring
Swamp; Rice paddy
Astronomic position
Depth curves in fathoms
Rocks: Awash; Sunken
Foreshore flats
Limit of danger; Reef
121
? ?
BUGOR KYZMAMA, U.S.S.R.
WESTERN SIBERIA 1:250,000
EDITION 2?AM5
AMS SERIES 5502
LOCATION DIAGRAM FOR NJ 40-1
AMS N502
Edition 2-AMS (First Printing, 5-55 )
Prepared by the Arrny Map Service (AMOU). Corps of Engineers, U.S. AIM, WashInesn, 0.0..erniaBed in 1951
frorn medium scale map of U.S,S.R. (reliability fair), Nair. transliterated In accordance 0110 ,0100 of the U.S.
B ard on Geographic Names. Road ciassifiCation should be referred to with miution. No woodland information
available. No aeronautical ciate shown In U.S.S.R. Spheroid changed to International by AMS, 1955.
THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON
THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE.
roz.
khrebe
iatochnik
k I dela--
lomort
GLOSSARY
Scale 1,12050,000
15
-
10 15 20
30
10
INTERVAL OF APPROXIMATE CONTOURS 50 METERS
TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PROJECTION
HORIZONTAL DATUM11 IS BASED ON APPROXIMATE EUROPEAN DATUM
TO MATCH FEATURES ALONG THE SOUTH BORDER WITH THOSE ON THE SHEET BELOW,
MATCH THE DOTTED TICKS ON THIS SHEET WITH THE CORNERS OF THE SHEET BELOW.
mountain
peak'
ands
BLACK NUMBERED LINES INDICATE THE TOMO METER UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR GRID. ZONE 4D. INTERNATIONAL SPHEROID
wysT yourt olsiTs OF THE GRID NUM. ARE omyrTED
valley
mountain range
d
P
MAGNETic DECLINATION yoR THIS SHEET VAR1Es ER. EASTER. FOR THE CENT. or THE WEST
PHU
soloed.
.1kali flats, sell mar:
EDGE TO eace EASTERLY NON THE CENT. OF THE EAST EDGE MEAN ANNE. CHANGE IS 0.01' EASTERLY.
ell
spa
stantmya
Mky
statlon
? It cl y pen
uenTs NOTING ERRORS OR ONISSICEN ON PINS Me ARE ARANO TO MARS HEREON AND rm.. CREME To COMMANDING
pprev
PRINTED
25 Statute Miles
BY ARMY MAP SERVICE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 5,55 .7656513
35 IGIOnleters
15 Neutioel Mi.
GRID arias OBIENATioe.
BUS
a SpEN
TO
,17
POHL, ITERGVAL STARTSIYA
moo E
SAMPLE
El
BK
CK
Si
Cl
3
0330000
SAMPLE REFERENCE
YR or I
INN NA
AO CEENEM
LEGEND .
Figures In red denote approximate
distances in kilometers he.e. stars
POPULATED PLACES o
100,000 or over ALMA-ATA
50.000 to 100,000 0-11MKENT
10,000 to 50,000 FERGANA
0000
Ygo? Forob
Vend.
RuA0S
Hard surface, all w.ther
Nora Man two lanes wide
Two lanes wide
Less than two Ian. wide
Loose surface, improved
Dirt
Track; Trail
RAILROADS Single track Double trac
Normal SSNRe 15 ?
Narrow
BOUNDARIES
International
SSR republic
Oblast'
Landmark feature
Horizontal control point
Spot elevation in meters
Well' Spring
Swam. Rice pack,'
Astronomic position
Pri I Other
NEBIT-DAG, U.S.S.R.
- UI I?
A 'Al"
A000500040001-2
WESTERN SIBERIA 1 250,000 Approved_ UK NarAZ
FIRS! eD1r113,01.?
.1.-rix''01:-...--1=?==`-'-" a"
MIWATZ'
TEEir,V
ttifsgtat
NON KAN= LI.S.S.R.; IRAN
Approved For Release 2001/09/03 : CIA-RDP79-01009A000500040001-2
r# 114
11 4. ?
"Appr
4tiar.
01/09/03:::c1A-RDP79-0,1
444
P
Air Photo 3. Thc city of Kraunovodsk.
,
?
?
T'r
- trif
.
'I 1.
?A
?
71.= ?t??
_
'
. 7- if. 4, 7
r. ? ? I _ ?_
- ? .r's,?
? ? "11, ..- .1 I 1" "
42111111
, Air Photo 1. The escarpment of the Krasnovodsk Plateau, im11ediate1y. southec
the city of Krasnovodsk.