GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT DOMINICAN REPUBLIC PART III: POPULATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01009A002700010012-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 2, 1999
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: January 1, 1961
• Content Type: IR

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GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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77
4-11 ql
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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10;11COCIFtImC 11'I IX CS REPORT
PART III: POPS
CIAIR!I tw L-61-i.
aanu*try 1961
CEREAL IfZZ=GIKCE A=CX
Office of Research and Reports
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Pae
I. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
II. Distribution and Density . ? ? 2
III. Racial Composition and Distribution . . . . . . . . . 8
IV. Religion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
V. Public Health . . .. . . . . . . . ? ? . . ? ? ? ? ? ? 13
Vi" Occupational 8 ructwe. . . . . . . -. s . . . o . . . o 12
V3:1. Literacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . o . 15
-ft
Dominican Republic; Popu1art1( (29T45) ? . ? ? ? ? ? ? . .
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mu- R IC
PAR'!' AI s X
I.
Gene
in 19yD, the date of the lest eene, the population of the Dominican
Republic was 2,135,872, with an alxmost even sex ratio (mules 5D.13 Per-
cent and females 49.87 percent) azd a rural-urban ratio heavily in favor
of the countryside (76 to 24 percent). The estimated population as of
1 July 1960 was 2,712,000, with the ssmt sex and urban-rural ratios as
in 195D.
Despite the 200 percent increase in population since 1920 and the in-
crease in the density of population from 18 to 44 inhabitants per square
kilometer in the last $0 years, the growth of cities has been slow while
the population of rural areas has burgeoned. During the period 1935-50a
only three of the larger cities ?- Ciudad Trujillo, Santiago, and San
Francisco -- had a rate of increase greater than that of the nation as a
whole, the rest had relatively small percentage increases. As s result,
only Ciudad Trujillo and Santiago are vorthy of the name "city," and very
few urban areas have populations in excess of 10,000 inhabitants.
The leading populated places, their 1950 populations and their esti-
mated populations as of I July 1958, the latest available, are given in
Table 1 (see page 2).
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oe 1
Population of the leading Dooinican Cities
os CabeUeroe
de Meecorfs
"~s anc at de iucoris
man a Pe de Puerto PI ata,
Santa Cruz de Baraharra
COMOepcion de
ftL
cassnon or coesvent
im Cemsue
i85611, 553
29,08
16,063
14,843
14'654
)APMO
14,E
10,230
19D8 astimete
69,060
22,977
9',0412
43
17,911
20v 26
12, ,500 (apgprox
11. Distribution and Densi
A. Qral Distribution
some 65 ,Cent of the Dominican popUlation Is concentrated in a
zone that covers 40 percent of the land area of the republic- The zone
trends north-northwestward from the south coast between Ciudad Trujillo
and Banff to the north: coast in the area of Puerto Plata and Lupercin and
Includes the cities of Santiago, San Francisco de Macorfs, and la Vega
in addition to Ciudad Trujillo, Baff, and Puerto Plata (see Map 29745 }a
Within this zone the population density averages 73 persons per square
kilometer in contrast to 44 p_rscnn for t nation as a whole. The most
densely populated part of the co'cn'"Y is the Cibao, the rich agricultural
region in the northern part of the zone=. Rural densities in the area
between Santiago and San Francisco de Macarfs are in excess of 2.00 in-
habitants per square kilometer. In general, densities decrease eastward
and westward from the central zone, and in the southwestern and south-
eastern extremities of the country, densities fall into the range cate-
gory of 0-9 persons per square kilometer. Exceptions to this general
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pattern occur in the hinterlands of the parts of Cabrera, Sant Pedro de
Mscoords, and Barahana, ithere densities are fairly high.
B. W_
six areas within the Dominican Repv&Uc have very sparse populatIO
and, if official Dominican maps can be believed, they are either uapdpur
fated or have populations of less than 1 person per square kilvmetero
Three are located at the mouths of rivers -- the Yaque del Itorte, Yague
del Sur, and Yana. The first two areas axe partially covered Apt mangrove;
the third has a mangrove cover where it borders on the Bahia do Be
and elsewhere a rather dense selva (tropical rain forest). The fourth
is the eastern end of the republic, including the islands of Saooa and
Santa Catarina. In 1950 the former island had a population of 1.00,
whereas the latter was uuinbabited. The fifth area is the crest and
southern slopes of the Cordillera Central from approximately the center
of the country westward to the Haitian border, and the sixth is the des-
ertic and semiarid southern slopes of the Sierra de Behoruco and adjoin-
ing coastal plains in the southwestern corner of the country. This last
area includes the uninhabited Isla de Beata.
The 1990 area, population, and density of population figures of the
various civil divisions of the republic, adjusted to incorporate new
divisions created since 1954, are given in Table 2 (nee page 4).
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Area and Density of PopuLatic by Civil Divisions,
Ce isus of 2,950
Pit"CI
Area is
Deositti7 of Pbpulatica
*mi
i
i
ftuare
Population
c
o
p
D
i
l~
u~t
t
s
K11o?ete a
Total
MW
~
l
Ito.
$
_.r.-.
i
DI L'RITD NACIONAL
1,389
Sa41, 228
174
2
ALTA ACIA.v IA
4;062
71,045
17
13
I& Rae=a J
978
27,1
28
13
Q
'72
2
1?
19
Rlaft
San ael del Xtm
1 550
2,215
_
,664
4,
5o,176
23
18
Asus
1, 596
36,7$4
23
18
Puerto Viejo ,J
Padre Las Casas
619
13,382
22
18
1,376
39,858
29
20
Neiba
669
21x359
32
25
Jose' Trujillo Valdez
26
27
14
Taasyo
11s 368
26
7116
1,490
58.15%
39
20
Barahona
485
29,087
29
Vicente Noble
196
2
2
28
2
9
Cabral
301
1
,2
30
41
13
pariquill o 21
426
6,455
15
10
raxalso
82
5,230
64
49
I RIP ACTOR
3,561
106,802
30
24
San Juan
2,657
60,632
23
18
31 Cercado
389
18,763
48
41
Las Mates de Parf o
515
27,407
53
45
a.- Si7e mini 1o containing the capital of the grovincla is listed
immediately below the PrWin'%Ia name. To capital leas the
same name as the memicipio in which it lies.
b. The names of distr to m c es are indented and listed 3saruediate4
below the nmicipio to which they are administratively subordinate.
c. Distrito m~miici created in 1959. Area and population figures are
not available and estimates are not possible.
d. Boundary changes haves occurred since 1950. The figures for area and
population are estimates.
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PROVAm
Area in
Density of Population
Mtimicipio
Distrito M i.ci s2.
Square
Kilmeters
Pcpulation Per
Total
Kil_weterr
DU 1 E
1,292
117,191
91
70
San Freso. de Macorfs
51
72,275
lion
93
Castillo
104
14,437
1
125
Rostos
77
3.679
48
Pimen
3
105
k8
72
Villa Rives
7
26,0
41
36
ESPAIL AT
972
103,778
107
89
Nbca
492
74,098
151
123
$ose Co trams
140
8,893
222
182
Oaspar 8 ez
442
20,787
47
43
INDBPP ICIA
2,011
20,801
10
7
J____
511
3,191
6
5
Ia Descubierta
374
5,278
14
11
Poatrer Rfo c/
er
1,126
12,332
U
6
JULIA )DANA
1,268
54,922
43
36
Julia Molina
842
33,457
40
32
Cabrera
225
15,218
68
60
Rso Sec Jtian
141
6Y247
44
35
I ADOR
890
26,470
30
25
Dajab6n
303
8,993
30
24
Lom de Cabrera
278
13,832
50
43
Restauraci6n
308
3,645
12
10
W1lrECRISTI
, 6 13
42,598
26
19
Montecristi
443..
10,549
24
14
Gugyubf n /
668
17,227
26
24
Pepillo Salcedo
204
4,054
20
6
Villa. Isabel
300
10,768
36
26
11 V1 Am
1, 793
3, 253
2
1
Pedernales
4Ea3
1,762
4
2
Oviedo 1/
13330
1,491
1
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FROMM
Ihmicipio
Distrito
iu Density of populatiat-
A
rea
uare Population
S
q
W meters Total
P TA 17881
136,002
72
45
PLurto to 929
61,530
66
SOGAS 21 232
Ilk
103
Altomira-
12
028
70
58
Imbart, 173
527
,
33,790
64
57
494
57,813
117
100
SALC=
221
100
L42
redo
ViLIS Tapia
290
8292
18,107
62
3.21
38
Tenarea
sAl~ra' 989
28,341
29
22
39007
36
31
466
9,334
20
13
SAN= RAmnm 1,,099
50,296
46
12
1
5
cotud
6,
41
38
169
859
Faatino
240
5,571
23
22
cevtcos
SAN PEI DR WaORIS ., 253
64,205
51
32
41
Pedro de M4acorfs
362
36.,778
20,064
102
32
29
Loa Ltanos
6
29
Ramm Swtana
257
3
7,3
8
16
33,013
1
EL4N RAPAEL
32
Maas Pita
354
13,998
40
29
Rondo Valle
244
7..444
11
14
Banica
515
5,857
'
8
8
Pedro Santana
675
x+
5,6
54
SANr'I,AGO 3,051
228,370
75
Santiago
774
154,073
199
Licey al Medio c
villa Bisono c
Villa Gonzalez S/
Panico
2
22j.2.17
16
672
172 Tr
73
149
Peaa
97
1
896
,
35
.508
19
18
Saga. Jose de las Mataa
?,
.
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PFCOI IA
Area in
Density of Population,
t'bm cipio
Square
Pup
t
ion
uZ
a
er
Sgwxe
//~~
/yy~~~~
~~u
ZJ
~-
~
~nrr. r
10020
32,690
32
28
Rodr~gu~ez
212
7,0
30
samo, EL
2,09
97,710
33
28
1 B'eibo
1,109
P, 766
46
41
Sato mom
6;90
3x,708
49
44
Rich"
462
0
932
11
T
Sabana de la Mar
768
10
,304
13
11
?RtTJ=
3,743
I&,6T4
44
37
Sebana. Grande
32
~; 5
131
78
Y to
Bajos de Raines
i06
14,374
135
123
Villa Altagracia
406
18,459
45
37
BWagumm
O2
12
8
14
13
MXmte 0
Sabena Grande do Bova c
1,
22,8
67
21
19
Yamasa
53T
25,986
48
45
TRUJILW VAIIZ
1,622
81,911
50
38
Banff
732
44,499
61
44
Nizao
48
5,690
1749
75
San Jose de Ocoa
842
31,722
38
32
VALVOM 4/
955
36427
38
29
Valverde
247
19,462
79
48
Bspearanza J
Tamma Salada
108
17,065
24
22
VEQA, IA
3,517
185,575
53
44
Le Vega
902
105,483
117
94
Ca retano Moran
24
3,680
153
125
Constanza
880
14,737
17
15
Jarabacoa
721
21,810
30
26
MoelseRor Nouel
991
39,865
40
33
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In. , Racial CMoait1 atmd Distributicn Paths
A. General Pates s
According to the 195) ceases the racial composition of the republic
was as fallouts a
flat
yea . . . . 60.36
White . . 28.3A
Negr . . . . U.-47
oriental . . . 00.03
The mixed group -- an intermixture of white, Negro, and Indian -- is
evenly distributed over the island and forms the bulk of the rural popu-
lation. The vhites are found, for the most part, in the cities. The ap-
preciable number of Negroes in the total population (40 percent or more)
are concentrated in the sugar-grg areas along the south and southeast
coasts. The Orientals, mostly Japanese, are fishermen, truck farmers,
and agricultural workere who live in small groups scattered throughout
the country.
B. Ethnic tlr s and &nremeut
In 1935, the date of the next-to-]ant census, the white population
amounted to only 13 percent of the total for the country. The relative
increase of the white population from 13 to 28 percent in 1950 can be
accounted for by the governu at-ancouraged iz tgration of whites --
primarily Spanish and secondarily stateless European refugees -- and by
the strict control of ration from black Haiti.
The largest groups of non-Dominicans are Spaniards, who are likely
to be transients, and Hait1an who are seasonal. workers. Spaniards
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3m .grate in lame mambers and, altboue eancouraged to settle as per-
msnent Dm inican citizens, rOturn to Spa to in almost equally large
nuaobeors. In fact, not migration from Span in some years is recorded
in s ative numbers. Haitians are alLcvsd to enter as agariculttiral
laborers, but all return to Haiti wbem- their farm vork is finished.
Most or the 8aitirsis arrive in January and February and return during
the period Prom I4iy through Augusts the largest gr ovP leaving in August.
other 2sarge groups of nc1-Daoiaicens are British and Dutch citisMa.
All of these innWants are migratory farm workers, and most of those
in the last two groups are Negroes flan neaeW British and Dutch pose
sessions. Although there Is a a3mll Jewish agricultural colour at Sosuaa,
met of the white im igraants have settled in the cities, especially in
Ciudad Trujillo.
IV. Religion,
A. Qeeral Character
The official religion of the Daminicar Republic is Rcuan Catholic,
but other religions are freely tolerated. The 1950 census listed
23096,1E7 . Catholics, 30,538 Protestants, and 1163 Jeers.
The Vatican is represented by a Papalcio and the Daminican
church is ruled by an archbiabop, the "Primamte of America," whose seat
is in Ciudad Trujillo. other sources refer to him as "Primaate of the
Indies." The two bishops in the Dcaminican Republic have their seats in
Santiago and La Vega. Although 98 percent of the population is nominally
Roman Catholic the Chtn'ch is influential and important only is the
cities. In the country the people see a priest only once or twice a
year, and a great number of them are not baptized and are neither married
nor buried by the Church.
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The religion of the rural population is generally a mixture of
Catholic teachings and superstitions t,Ypieat of an illiterate pessantrt*
"'fhe Brotherhood of the Cm W" is found in several areas; and voodoo
services, although faMbidt =, are held anti well attended- The 1110-
light services and vakees for the dead; the ?catvar is or gt"oups of tee
crosses along roads and at crossroads; and the ro,, arios, or processions,
show evidences of both Catholic origin and the admixture of local
superstitions.
The Dnadnican ceeSc, or countrynin, lives a simple lift close
to nature and is mucb in swe of its occasional violence. He wears
amulets to yard off disease and accident and uses fetishes and ebarms
to protect his wife, children, and livestock. Such talismans are
obtained from the local voodoo priest or priestess.
B. Hol Zs
In the Damninican Republic holidays occur in every month of the year
except Ju3y and, because Easter and the holidays measured from it are
movable, roughly every fifth April. Legal holidays, both religious and
patriotic, are as follows:
January 1, 6 (Epiphany), 21, and 26
February 26
Mar ob 19
Easter Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter
May 1
Ascension Day (the 40th day after Easter)
Whitsunday (the 5oth day after Easter)
June 29
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August 15 and 16
September 24
October 12, 24
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November I
December 8 and 23
V. Public Health
Sanitary conditions In the republic, at least in the urban areas,
have improved greatly during the last 2 decades. As a result the Do-
minican crude death rate has dropped to 8.5 per 1,000, a rate match
lower than those of Haiti and Guatemala and somevbat lower than those
of the U.S., Mexico, Samica, and the countries of Central America other
than Guatemala. Among the poorer class, especially in the countryside,
the health level is not high. In this class, large numbers of the
people are debilitated by uneinariasis (and atcmiasia ), an anemia
resulting from hookworms., It is estimated that 35 percent of the pope
lation suffers from malaria and that from
Bligbtly less than half of the yearly deaths (excluding infant
mortality) in the country are caused by infectious and parasitic dis-
eases. The most lethal of them are gestroenteric diseases (primarily
amoebic and bacillary dysentery), malaria, tuberculosis (resulting
primarily from malnutrition), pneumonia, bronchitis, typhoid fever, and
whooping cough. Elemental precautions such as boiling water, using
mosquito bars, wearing shoes, and maintaining proper diet would provide
effective protection against these diseases.
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'Medical facilities in the Dominican Republic are fair, mad a cam-
paign for continued igprov ematt is in process. The country has g2
public and 69 private hospitals and clinics, making a total of 121.
About 1D percent of than, ho ever, have fuser than 10 beds and mother
10 percent have fewer than 20 bade. Included in the above total are
15 military sad 7 maternity ?mspitaZa. The hospitals and some 15
ant Is and antiv nereal-disease clinics are fairly veil
scattered throughout the coumtry. Consequently, only the most inacces-
sible areas are without readily available medical attention. la addi-
tion the country has an insane asylum and a leprosarium in Aigua, just
south of San Cristobal, and 18 other asylums, mostly for children and
the aged, distributed over the republic.
VI. Occupational Structure
A. General Pattern
The inadequacy of Dominican statistics makes it difficult to deter-
mine the occupational structure of the country. One difficulty is that
most of the rural women are half-time workers and many of the children
part-time workers. Although 76 percent of the population is rural, it
cannot be assumed that this percentage represents the relative nunbers
of agricultural workers in the country. A number of rural industries
such as lime and charcoal burning and the making of brooms, hats and
baskets are scattered throughout the country; and other nonagricultural
activities such as the gathering of forest products, fishing, and rural
trade and transportation services are full-time or part-time occupations
of rural dwellers.
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A very rough estimate of the occupational structure is given below
Percent of Total
e of Emlayment
T
Labor Force
, ,,
Agriculture
72
Commerce
9
Manufacturing
8
Commamications and
Transportation
2
Government
2
Professions
1
Services
6
The 78 percent of the people engaged in agriculture and services
belongs overwhelmingly to mixed and Negro groups* In the other cate-
gories except the professions, the managerial and upper levels are
white and the lowest echelons mixed and Negro- The professional people
are overwhelmingly white.
B. Seasonal n1o3rment
Strong seasonal movement of labor is limited to sugar-cane pro-
ducing areaso Recruited migratory workers from Haiti and the British
and Dutch possessions (much preferred to the Dominican mulatto) are
employed in the labor-deficit areas, chiefly along the south coast from
Barahona to San Pedro de Macorfs and to a much lesser extent in the
Provincia de Puerto Platao Most of the migratory workers enter and
leave the country during the first half of the calendar year, which
includes the z? or cane-cutting season.
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In mast other areas the harvesting oz. heavy farm Work are acccm-
plished by the cooperative effort of nejbboring farmers who work in
unatas without wages. A very ma11 part of the total farm work is
performed by laborers hired. ctz a wage basis by the owners of large
plantations or hired by small farmers for special tasks.
C. Wages
Official figures on wages and salaries have been published for
Ciudad Trujillo an],Y? The averages given below are taken from the 1950
figures for 1961 should be substantual3,Y higher., perhaps in the
census;
neighborhood of 10 percent.
Table 3
Selected Average Pay Rates in Ciudad Trujillo, 3.950
Occmation
Was
Pay in US Dollars
par )+8-Hour Week.
Linotype operator 36.72
36.32
Electrician 19.92
Mechanic 17.52
C to , 15.36
Cooks 15.12
Mechanic?s assistant 32'
8.16
Messenger 8.16
Unskilled labor
Fe~a~ale- r3
stenographer 25.00 (est.)
Airline clerk 23`80
L6.84
Telephone operator 12.48
Ticket seller (theater) 4.56
Bottle washer
e. The Dominican is at a par with the US dollar
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VII. Liter
In 1930, 56.7 percent of the population 10 years of age and older
were illiterate. In the urban arena, 7 out of 10 were literate, whereas
only 3 out of 30 in the coimtryaide could read and write.
Paralleling the govacmmentaI campaign to improve the health of the
island is one aimed at increasing and strengthening the educational
facilities and reducing illiteragr. In the intercensal period 1935-50,
the number of schools, instructors, and pupils doubled and illiteracy
eras cut by half. More than half of the rural schools, however, are
"rtadiin ntary" or "emergency" schools that at times have held three
separate sessions or shifts a day. Furthermore, the curriculum of the
emergency school is a little unusual in that 3 years are devoted chiefly
to 3 sub3ects: reading, gardening, and chicken raising.
Educational 1Msovements have continued throughout the past 10
years, and by the middle 1950,s the educational situation was roughly
as follows:
Number of Number of
Kind of School Scboo Students
Rural emergency 1,210 66,055
Rural primary 91T 98,408
Urban primary 292 81, 549
Secondary 53 8,325
Vocational 123 7,91.7
Special 200 6,708
University 1 2,469
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20
19
18
BATE DE
PORT-AU-PRINEE
GLOSSARY
cabo_ cape
isla ----------- island
punts point
rio, riviere------- river
Pedro Santon
edernaIe
ontecrisri I
D
ISLA ALTO VELO
Ennquillo
~EA LEVELS
?uverge
Ran Pedxp
El Certado
A_
U'IlI 448!1,
I I?~ try
'Cobra
petanza
nriquillo
iroio
alas Casai
i
,m. Ii/
erto Plato
14gbcisco'
Vitt T tff Macoris?
P1men
Rio Cj i 0
tlif~ilflllli
jl!;Ili '';I I
RURAL POPULATION 1950
Density Per Square Kilometer
100 and over 75-99 50-74 25-49 10-24 Less than 10
POPULATION OF URBAN CENTERS 1950
181,553 CIUDAD TRU11LLO ~..- International boundary
56,192 Santiago
Pravincia boundary
10,000 - 20,000
5,000 -10,000
1,000 - 5,000
Lees than 1,000
Statute Miles
16 20 40
ADMINISTRATIVE
? Notional capital
0 Provincia capital
? Municipio capital
40 60
Kilometers
Municipios have the same names as their capitals.
Municiplo boundary
o; .
edro
de Macoris
El Maca
Boundaries ore not necessarily those
recognized by the U.S. Government.
CABO
ENGANO
72
72
71
71
70
70
69
69
20
19
18
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