INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS GROUP WEEKLY SUMMARY NO. 36 FOR WEEK ENDING 7 SEPTEMBER 1949 THE INTERNATIONAL WEEK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01090A000100020016-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 13, 2000
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: September 7, 1949
• Content Type: SUMMARY

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DOCUMENT NO.
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS GRWWSS. CHAN : TS S C
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AUTE? 70-2 EVIEWER: 006614
WEEKLY SUMMARY NO. 36
For week ending 7 September 1949 Volume II
The International Week
As the Anglo-American financial conversations got underway
in Washington, it was hoped that they would produce not only
some short-term palliatives but also long-term plans for dealing
with the global dollar problem. The OEEC, still saddled with
the problem of aid allocations, has recessed until after the US UK
conversations indicate what future US plans will be. Meanwhile,
the European @.onsultative Assembly called for the formation of a
European economic union.
New emphasis n ERP. Two recent ECA decisions that the
OEEC cannot divide up the proposed $150 million ERP reserve fund
for 1949/50 in order to achieve an agreed allocation of ERP aid
and that the allocations for the second half of this year will be
subject to ECA revision if the participants do not meet their
recovery targets -- will have a healthy effect on the European
Recovery Program. ECA's plan to hold up firm allocation of a
substantial amount of 1949/50 ERP aid by these means will force
the participating countries to make greater efforts both to
achieve their own programs and to expand intra-European trade,
if they are to receive their full share of ECA dollars, Although
the OEEC countries are already chafing at the further 4% cut in
even their reduced allocation (necessitated by ECA's withholding
of the reserve fund), they will have little alternative but to
accept it, Moreover, the planned review of the second six-month
allocations will require countries which, like Italy, have been
slow to implement essential planned investment programs, to step
up their recovery efforts,
The OEEC's recent blunt statement that ERP progress is not
up to expectations reflects the by now widespread European reali-
zation that further drastic measures will be required in the near
future if ERP is to succeed. It is now clear to them that US aid
will decline sharply until 1952, if not cut off before then, and
that they thus cannot expect a continued high level of US aid.
As a result it is likely that the present critical stage of the
ERP will lead to unprecedented European efforts toward strength-
ening the OEEC, liberalization of trade, expansion of dollar' exports
and closer economic cooperation. The European Consultative Assem-
bly's bold proposals for economic union are straws in the wind.
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Him
y,?_launch broadside ga i s t US and UN GA p le s e i n e
debate. There are gathering signs that the Arab states belive
the Palestine Economic Survey Mission to be merely a device to
fob them off and that they are secretly concerting plans to attack
the role of both the US and the UN in the forthcoming General
Assembly. It is clear that the Arab states believe the ESM is
intended to soft-pedal the political aspects of Palestine in the
GA and gain time for the Israelis. They hold the US responsible
for this and will. almost certainly use the GA to impeach the
record of both the US and the UN in the entire Palestine case.
25X6A
, Indepgndence gqntime nt in Eritrea and Somaliland. Intensi-
fication of the independence movement in Eritrea and Somaliland
bids fair to complicate the disposition of these former Italian
colonies by the coming GA. The rapid growth of the Independence
Bloc in Eritrea, where last year the Coptic Union with Ethiopia
Party was the largest single group, has been the most striking.
Although the Bloc, largely Moslem, is loosely organized and
politically immature it now apparently represents at least two-
thirds of the population. Italy, which hopes to recapture a
favored position in an independent Eritrea, is encouraging if
not actively supporting the movement. Its announced intention
of sending a delegation to the UN will be embarrassing to the US
and UK, which are committed to Eritrea's cession (except for the
western province) to Ethiopia.
In Somaliland the only major political group, the Somali
Youth League has come out strongly for independence or, if this
is not feasible, a direct UN trusteeship. They bitterly oppose
Italian return and would probably resort to some violence if it
should occur.
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ICJ and Southwest Africa. French refusal to support a US
suggestion that the GA refer the legal problems involved in the
Southwest Africa case to the International Court of Justice
for an advisory opinion brings into sharp focus the problem of
using the Court for settling such disputes. Prime the
ICJ is the correct body to decide the purely legal question of
the duties of South Africa under a former league of Nations
mandate; the GA, on the other hand, is supposed to handle
political and not legal controversies, although this very contro-
versy has been the subject of more than one GA resolution con-
demning South Africa's conduct. The idea of the ICJ approach is
novel and, in spite of cynical French suggestions that an ICJ
decision would be futile it would have some effect. South Africa,
as well as other colonial powers, would find it highly embarrass-
ing to flaunt the ruling of an international tribunal to which
they adhere because of their past records as protagonists of the
ICJ and of the principle of the judicial settlement of inter-
national disputes in general.
Accordingly, the colonial powers will strive to prevent the
matter from arising before the GA at all. If it does arise,
there is a further question as to whether a two-thirds vote, or
a mere majority, is necessary to refer the matter to the Court.
The Slav bloc, eager to embarrass the colonial powers the
anti-colonial bloc of Arab states; IA countries; and former de-
pendencies , such as India, Pakistan and the Philippines, would
be inclined to favor invoking the ICJ. It might be possible for
South Africa, with the aid of some abstentions, to block a two-
thirds vote; but it would be very difficult for it to muster a
majority.
Arbitration of Kashmir dispute under consideration by GOI
aid GOP. Following appeals by President Truman and Prime Minister
Atlee for acceptance of the UN Commission for India and Pakistan's
proposal for arbitration, it seems likely that Pakistan will
accept without qualification, while India will ask for a clarifi-
cation of the issues to be arbitrated before giving a formal
acceptance. This is the first time the UN has resorted to arbi-
tration and GOI is reluctant to give over to an outsider deter-
mination of issues it considers so vital without careful exam-
ination of the entire proposal. UNCIP faces a difficult task in
striking a balance between giving exp Anations to Nehru's
questions and at the same time avoiding protracted discussions
and legalisms to which GOI has been partial in the past. The
messages from Attlee and Truman assured consideration of the
proposal with searching care and it is believed that GOI's
reply to the appeals and to UNCIP will not reject the proposal
for arbitration but will ask for a clarification of the points
of issue to be submitted and assurances that the arbitrator will
be reqed to hear the fullest presentation of the case.
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It is unfortunate that at a time when the greatest tact
possible should have been employed by tJNCIP, Chyle t the Czech
representative on UNCIP, was chairman and in this capacity
delivered the proposals to GOI and ESOP. There are indications-
that, in line with previous attempts to procrastinate and
obstruct Chyle failed to follow instructions and made the
presentation to Nehru on a too blunt "take it or leave it"
basis and threw doubt into the minds of GOP by indicating that
the proposal was only an "informal" approach.
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G/IO Notes
ZU=dr"w XUg_gAlgjX GA e e o n e t . Belgrade's
decision to send an exceptionally high-raking delegation to
Lake Success, led by Foreign Minister Kardelj and propaganda
chief Djilas, reflects the tension between Tito and the Kremlin.
The mere presence at the GA of such a corps of Yugoslav diplo-
mats will make" it plain to the USSR that Belgrade is prepared
at a moment's notice to take any action in the UN which future
Soviet conduct may necessitate.
Pakistan opposes India for SC. Pakistan is deeply disturbed
at the prospect of India's election to the Security Council and
has made this clear to both the US and the UK. Pakistan argues
that election of India to an SC seat would place the stamp of
approval on the latter's conduct in the Kashmir case. Basically,
Pakistan is sensitive to the fact that India, because of its
greater size and population, is assuming a new importance in
world affairs. Karachi is fearful lest it receive less consid-
eration from the West than India and that this may affect the
ultimate disposition of the Kashmir case,
Proposal to replace UNSCOB. Preliminary reactions to the
US suggestion that the UN Sepcial Committee on the-Balkans be
replaced by three separate commissions indicate that this plan
would muster considerable GA support. Three features of the
proposal will recommend it to GA delegations: (1) revision of
the machinery dealing with the Greek guerrilla problem would
revitalize UN efforts for a settlement; (2) creation of smaller
bodies would permit a more practical and limited approach; and
(3) ability to deal with Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia inde-
pendently would permit tkkkd.ng advantage of their divergent positions
in relation to Greece.
Anti-Communist Dockers and Seafarers to resist WFTU. At
their recent conference in Rotterdam, the dockers and seafarers
of the powerful and long-established International Transport
Workers Federation (ITF) took action to block membership raids
by the new dockers' and seamen's department of the Communist-
aominated WFTU. The ITF dockers resolved that membership in the
WFTU affiliate was incompatible with ITF membership. They re-
quested the ITF executive to formulate amendments to their con-
stitution to facilitate suspension of any constituent unions
acting against the ITF. The persistent refual of the ITF, by
far the most powerful labor factor in the world's leading mer-
chant marines, to adhere to the WFTU was a major factor in the
split-up of the latter. The Rotterdam decision means that power-
ful oppositi 6n will be interposed to any attempted extension of
the WFTU's new dockers and seamen's international.
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