PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN THE SOVIET BLOC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01093A000200020021-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 1, 2006
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: June 23, 1952
• Content Type: IR

Approved For Release 2006/05/24: CIA-RDP79-01093A000200020021-2
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CA/RR Pi-17 (ILA)
23 Juno 1952
AUTh a
U;47E VE;11E'Jt'cR:
CLASS. CHANGED TO: TS
NEXTf'4.V(EW DA, i E;
I DECLASFJFiED
NO CHANGE IN CLASS. F]
Me data and oono1uJ ono In thl a report
o not n as ariily ro osa 3t tho fJ r 1
,aitIIcsn of CJ'R ar d shoua1d. bps re:;a r4nd oa
yw ovi ir,wl o Iy and oubject Vx rev W*_on,,,
c , do -u dat . or oo;:rie s ca TA1ic?sh iiay bo
a i ,a 1o co do user aro sol i*ited,
bi teri . oontu .a info -tioii affoc ii o
do ,t do f into of the Tito 'tatc ut- hin :moo
n c n-in of the aspio>rsape i?zw~ Title 1 , WO,
&1 aoc
-r' 3 arid 794, tho tron i. lion or z ove acion of
uJhaich in. a3ny .nne to an Luis bhoelsod p r?:on ~.a.#
pro2Li ,7iccd b r iaau,
cEr :' xvi U o AG_',C3
office of s o rchh ad.Cd R rt
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E%WM
This import is ma of t. 8ari i of provicio reports 'til to
potol L . the -oviet B1 :, The nth a s s is intended to cower an
j: as of p toloa g to , aad. a Vhet.ic 31quld fuels in the Soviet
Mae. e repo rte are prasAt as an ti iate step In solidmti
hti n t irt_ ig ea oh tke subjoat a not as a. finabod atw , Th the
tic of tbs awailable - ff do tiro raports and dcemnmts
wA;OW tft-T C-Awt?h W of intanumm mias bra atilt a3zag
r t M i to of x ggv&? . and amali.a by mmb"a of the std of CIA c,
!t is is e MM that tai s ica of rn-yowU nd 1 she the t l1o ~
p~!s~s a
a. Au r at a bwm for contributions and as ition & by CIA a other.
tryia LctiV. tttcd in p4tol imtogaea"
b, aLlItate the a , tion of the specific and detnilod gaps in
i~* xz$ c==:' rude prc tuc ::ion
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a ?' cipated bef -3
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khi.eh did not reach the refi.nary is not indicated,, this mount of crude oil could
have bf on pro - ected aa whole crude bum-9d in the -11ely or elsewhere, as oil losses
of all types in productionr, trenspcrtetion, or storage, or as a not addition to cF? xdc
oil at, eks The 1941 Plan, therefore,, does not identify losses in ` e Soviet pet s 91e~xx
industry either quantitatively or qualitatively.
Rusr:. tec3ni.ca1 literature contains numerous references to crude oil losses
11 -,P, host of these references are not sufficiently clear to be able to separa 3
"normal" looses (in tam of US practrice) from t necessa'y losses, the ixapressior
hrhich onor ges from a study of this literature 3s that in the USSR crude losses
save h4s rival ly bey higher t aan in US pra .tire., The impression is also gaine. d
+h At these losses have been the object of a concentrated effort to cards their
a educe: can , It mw,,, be ss pposed, therefore, that the current levels of these l,osee -
approach US pr??acticefl .th some allc canoe for additional losses being m de for th.i
inferior facilities still being used for crude stor ~a in the USSR (opera pit stort, go)*
Looses have therefore boon estimated to be about 4;al of the clean crude produced
the well-head, There the corresponding loss is the US would approximate 1?5%a
In addition to these losses, it is knovn that in the USSR in t he pasty
substar:tial volu res of crude and topped crude (mazut) have boon. burned both in
the producing fields and a sm ul eq In 19364, for o emplea it is knot that whose
crude oil burned under boilers amoun.t3d to 1,0` n.tilliou metric tams r, or al-most 6%Q
%
of the 'crude produced in that Year, .I Zia wasteful practice has been object
of much self-criticism in the Soviet petroleum press, It. is assus ed. thereforey
? ab the bur?ninY of whole crude ui-de3A oilfield boiler;*s will ~--avo boon reduced to
15 by vol at of the clean crude oil produced at the well-head in the period under
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r.?e riew, 't should be noted that this crude oil is not "lost", since it must be
c asic rod to be available to meet the fuel needs of the petroleum irdustrys and
a;ey the-rafore be ctonsienoaed the equi.valcsct. of itae . oil. This crude oil ca a?,,.
a x;ever~ be a ensidared as having reachecs the refs Tory,
tr.:_r.er ' runs: to stills have therefore boon. calculated as berg 95% by
weight of the clew:, crude oil produced at the arc=>ll=head
refining process,, certain nortr l ight losses may be anticipated in
the process of converting crude oil into peirola prodacts,> These losses tire
,he result of the formation of gasses during the refining operation, and of the
formation of carboi deposit and other waste. It is estimated in the detailed
alysis of the Soviet refining operation presented In I-D.9 Survey of Probabi7 i viea
SS , that the losses Which
PAY be a: t',cipated a_n this respect in the USS11 vaunt to 6' (to the r=E ar?e t, whole
v i. ht: perr"ex t) of efi .erg>y mans to stills, In., addition, there is sub `anti .
that %e"3 have boon txaraeoes ary losses Of crude and prodraota in he
Soviet . efin xs;3 a 9~x.~ c r s the xist0 .~! use losses hays also ba s: the objec-4;
of much r?Ttialw,s : the S,ovic-t teela .cai preasi, and it has therefore been
conservatively ostumated that extrasreou,s losses in the Scriet refinin process
nc remount: to only 1% by -igh.?t cf the crude r 1M to stillsa
.ef no vT orod?.zction o f r:;atur4a' 'o-'k?oleu, prodT;ctr> is therefore e ti.mated to
be EST % by weight of the crude run to stills for the period under reetr.1rror,, It
should be noted thfst this yield is a g'o&. y-ieldg that is to say that no deduction
has been made for the w trel oil cons1 nsd in, the $re sg as p*rt of t'rea
refinery Awl, It should also be re c d that this eest m ate;:'. yir)l i of firled
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wshe rt-n is depexsdent an ? he aosunptiona rade in i.D with regard to the nature of t
e sv: e t i ofry c-onntruotici ar 1 refl.-.ary production,, programs.,, While it is not
ated that
y r or? changes will be made in the data concerniw Sozriet pro: lama
'o ? t b-9 year a 1, +50 and 1951 v there is sear, Pr babili ty that wino ? oha es ~. r be
ado in. "Cehe eot m tad Vie1ds of prodtc is during fiscal 19533. as a result of
ese a M w ng cat-tied on at the !i aent,
More the -,3 v+roleum product yields so derived can reach the e r.`t.tm r? it is
necessary to storey, tran.iport and distribute these produots. Characteristically
t- xire are 1esse a :soc & ocs with these operations? In the United Statos c, the vol.i me
f t ,.e ~osse;3 is considered to be atx-at 2 o by vr, ght of re finer ~; yield of procht is
1-here is se e is e?ic.;ati on that these 1o3.en .Lli~;Ilt be ge ;evd_at X_ e~? in the
D'S.-SR'. it has been ccuserviti-s:e1v assumed for pe.poseu o? this caloulatlon that dit tri._,
=.rt on ctstses ;x t be USSP will not exceed Those in the United States.. A f urtter
y r. i.z;ht educti in the gr?ose at ailabil ty of pet ?olean produc p. from natr ! 1
petroleau has therefore t ,en t ?i en into ac(%,aur,
l step in arriving at s true ,roes s:Trai.Iabilit, of natural potrole u:,,
iuo? 1 in thi USS2,: the crude oil r i is bi -ned in, the field has been added is
_ F;ro is a aila
lity of retrol_::'ai:i products,, This takes into ace;0t1at the fact t`. at
crud oil :.s not a t?'ae Zoo R bu: rather at ce~~~sumption of 0r?uc e in fie of
fuel ai,`!, This crude must therefore be considered to be available for con,simotic,r ,
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b,~ :vailab.lity of Products fro.) Indigenous Synth .o ane Shale Oil Produc';ion
T e production of petroleum *.r?oducts from aynt eti;: * d sl ale o~.1 plants in. the
:SR a s xhe subject of detailed discussion, in I-E;, a t' ^Tic 01 1. Industry in the
USSR,., The estizrates presented in Table 4a Apr ndiz s s- re take.- , - :..4 eotl y from t; ti s
>.ale
paps r.,, It will be noted that in calcula J,nG he av::-i c ity of w the o Awl
oil rrodtuota the 2 o distribution 1os' / au;;sed above :ci ; been trs?cerx into ac s tt
east that synthetic v---id shs >.i , : i pr?oduc''-4 ' ill b : subject to the aara
dais rihukion lass., for tht+ same reason. , nos v. c. Di Aural petz-ol?vm products,, Thi
s the only -lost ' h.V1: must be tar _nto 'tccct
preparing this estimate,: s'- =Me
the evtirnates of 7.)roduction of / ; nt;,etic and , tale oil prod-dots are ormsidored t
be :-..+''efin:!f.kTY (or ;roceW pl nt)n It not believed that any substax4t:iai
23''sTS0Lirrta Vii` !+ehe;aE Ta ro .' i pro.,n2ots f,i' e ue- ;51,`irind a f\ el in o prcoeae of manxe-
?`ac t ur nt} ` nth?.tic f' ahalo oil r~x r ac =-1 ,
Z' k? r"` s 1.? x .ability of Petrolov;' "roduats from All Soviet Sc=areoso
i'~sb: ~r~txadT.x nreaer w the dross availability o petrale odu"te vn
13 SS . It will be noted that, th-r, gross ..lability :refers only to petrole ui
ro , :t,ts r r,r,a ?a. ; s~-e{i in the ii31ri and -nee not take into . cos t the trade bale!. ire
s3.. YSSc?< in Vlore in .-itat- avail?i.bl at the amf3nt,
Goa-Dle'i ;ka r .xsa:fs of r>etro , eum p: md.ti to tai: be a ,?ale to :3.eter :;- le
11 e 3': ? : ?? d g b l m o. $ the oorr*~onents rA the Bllcac
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Satel ites,.
Europe ; Sat e lite .
fW .ability of? P+ troleum Product's from Indigenous Natural Crude 011,
'':n the cas) ol" the European SatelliteuF, the estixated availa +.lity of petr; lr,a' ,
prodact;s frf i wi'lurc~.. crude oils has been t kexx frc , IT-D, Refn.ery Prodwtien
Petrolol rt b t o. European Saatell .Us,, It should 'fie: noted that the e ,tima.ttas in
Table , Append-:%x ,, repro.ent ,..ate gross product potential from indi aoua cru
It?. ;ho Eurepe t Sat Mites,, a .ad not the actual refinery outputts of satellite
refineries?
he ; roes pr?o:'.nzctt potrantia: from indigenouz-, orude has been calculated as
as 87c" by w eight of tiae crude pr?oduc:ed,, IAL.''. caiczxl,atioz, tams into account
a 11;' Consumption. Of Crude oil i t the :Field nd a r %~ lose between the field and tie
both c m.l,4ri tecs the woo 'head production of crude oil m. t 1o proce,:r y
'_c%3 x?ef rztng, , and a. 1% extr xteou,? 3.oso in the refire ngg process, both oaalculrt `ed
, i.2ir,.?ry x ns, to stillo j an.!:: & 2 distribution 1.os St een the refinery and
the c r sumer s.lc+a rued on ref rose, yield of rrfinrsd prod.a-ts,, It mi. U be mo a
t tz the er?ado :_oss between the .r sd~:~:ixa. : ield and the refinery is so ^^Ahath 1e~ nx?
th. i -thE; lPCi1tA. .'ie :loom In tL USSR(, This is in accord voith the available
Tiz Sateiltesa 4.nd is probably due to
.jon on :as-a n the -ex
?t.-t ';sict ti. t most Satellite w..e f tW -aoc ar .?kc..zt.eied o: o e to the producing, fb i
r cuirin_g "lass ";rya; a, por?tatioa. ncl handling of the crude oilG,
(2) Ar, :.1 abi its} of Petrcalaw, Products from d ag enaou s yxa aLhetf.ca Pr% duo one
Table G, ATL.-,i,)i,
Presents the eatim :tnc prose. v a railaabilit"y of petr?ole
:r sa:ltac,..s 3;ca the t;u:' epean Satellite irr.,. deti .1 zx TI; Bq 'Prodtact'ion Of
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LIO . E u .s in h roman 5ate3.litee. As in the case of the esti. .;ed.
ea~ra,ilabr.lity ox' t.jnthekio ?ueLc in the USSR, these estimates take into &t o nxt a
Z%'B d!.utrjbut:jon.
Grt .-. = Availability of Pe ;roleurii Products from All Sources,,
tx, eatimates of the groca availability of petroleum products of all tyke
P. e3pnt.ed Ire T ble Sry Anpo W1 .z A are derived by adding the estimates discussed
above3U It hculd be noted that this Gross availability does not take into aocol,, it
the -,,;jade b lana-:e of the European iaat:ellitos in crude or products[,
I.., Pear Fa..teru S&tellitean
e f Appendix D also presents estixr_ati a of the availability of petrol t., nA
>s oduc:t,3 from zi t arai crude oily, and from caynthetic and shale oil produc ti o, t
-ttie ek iati-I Satorl:Litea0 These estimates are taken from 111-A, Petroleum In the
Asiatic Sra elA:V;oa,. Ava .labili,tiera ,af petrolew products from natural crude oi;! x
have IK-3. calcu:~ated on the basis of the losses between the well-head and the c .isumc )r
Mai..-ii were e}sti:!ated for the U3SR,& s ce there is not available at this moment ti . ?ect
lute v3 era :es on current losses in the Far Eastern Satellites., Losses in the
di..st ?ibatiom of shale and aynt'aotic petreloun products have been considered to 3
to tci a;E l s, c uan tative1yD to be taken into consideration,, It should Mae again
be noted that the gross availability of petroleum products astimatod for th?-e Fa,:
7,'ast(prn Sstolli"':es does not take into aocaunt the trade bale me of this area in
petrolevr produots*
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S .R (,-R T
. PD1X
Table 2
Et s d. Gro sq Avax1. iiit r of Dirtjila' a and
" ea idua6is in the Soviet Bloc
1 $ 19b1e, Fiscal 1953
P duct.: iron Indigenous
USSR European
For Eaat + L-n SQY!. )t
Satellites b( Satel.`!i :es c/ :s3Ic
TTk tural Cm de Oil
? isin3l.G.at s
18O R
3, 8
Residuals & Lub ioants el
I3,5
215
Thta.t
31212
61 3
?o duc t from. ln(igonoui:
5~ t:i g9 ~n
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'Wt3 p 3
Gro Availability of' Potroldzm Products from Incligenc
:,l tix a,]. Crude 011 ix3 the USSR
.1950-1953
L.1]1. 41etri.c Tf,a :a
t, cs , -ur1 produ tI.on at the
l;faj lam- mdl a/
19 :1.95:1 1952 Flsc l .4;:y, ;
1b 53
37,5 4I. 0
44aO .45,4
1?,u CrU le 3mm-iiAmed -.n -the
'Ift old 04 ,4
,;;a cruee .:abb. L.oas
1.,,5 116
Rot"i v rugs to ',tills .' 5u0 a9r,0
.`, oral rv p'ro*emm leis hf a c, 31i
6Xtra-niomis or "s IWIS
=f' nary p. m uat on
Lew j% 2% D tr.tobutitn . 1033
./? rai)abiliby ow` xm?eural petro1rui
04 Is
118 11 8
4]L8 41.1" (1 1
.4
32141 35r,5 38110 3l0, . 2 40( 4
A ,7
pr odl-4ta 31-6 34,8 37.2 5" B , 4 391 S
'13 1% c:Aude c'xins n d in ? .e
oflfietd
t'f3k'. 3 ~k`7t1i 1. kb~ 1ity
3212 35,12 37.6 38 ,9
Ctd t fA,, ~x? i ! t.bili r of Crude Petroleum it the USSR,
Cf.,
? are bi~P u'r "31 `xf s wo
yyss the ~ .._,.._ _..,,1 -0'f s . 'utTIr e? c-l_auaA Ref 3xri ag
.l. i the Jr..! ? 4 V A ... r ......aw