THE SOVIET BLOC POSITION IN PYRITES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01093A000300070003-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 42
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 2, 1998
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: February 6, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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OVUXO IN]LLIC i mroitT
BOVB'l BL30 RMITIOU IN I'Y tn'2
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6 Febzwcxy 190
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 Approved For Release 19 01093A000300070003-6
S eery and Conclusions ? , .
I, Introduction
II. Definition ition and Usages m w ? 3 . ? ? o . m e ? , 3
o o ., o o o? n a o o e o 0 o n m
TTIO Intra-Soviet, Bloc Situation 3
A } Over-All Si' ietion . ?J 7 .~ :> J O ' . . . . . . O O O O ') 3
B a Production,,, Requirements, ,Ind Consumption by Soviet Bloc
~ ountLL ibis O 9 ~ ) 3 0 :) 0 0 o O u 0 . ? 0 ? O ? O 0 o O o O 4
1o East GernaV :) U U m a 0 O m 3 0 0 m O 0 O 0 m . O C o 4
20 Czechoslovakia 0 0 0 o a U.. V.. a? 0 0 a a a m 0 o 6
3p Poland .. a o? a v m m a a a 0 0 a a o 0?? e o. 0 0 6
4. Hungary a a....... o o.... a. a.. o a a o o 7
5. Soviet Zone of Austria a o.. o o m a o o?? o o 0
o .. a . o o.. o a ? o o . m e o ~y
6. R=UMU
. 7, k tar o o v o. i o a a m o 0 0 0. o 0 a c. a a o 9
8..; Mamie a ) . . . o a . . m ? o . . o o . . m 0 0 0 10
9o USSR oa a o?? m .a o o o.. o e o r o 0 0 0 10
C. Intra-Bloc Trade o 0 0 . c o . a o .... o m O a ? o e ? a 11
Do, Consumption by Individual CaLintries of the Soviet Bloc . . L. 11
So Requirements of Individual Bloc Countries,, 1949-?54 a o . a .. 12
IV, Soviet Bloc Trade with the West . . . . a . . o o . 13
A. Discrepancies in Trade Statistics
13
1a Exporting Countries . . . ... o o . . . . 14
2. Imparting Countries . . . . m . . . a . . o ? o . o a o o 15
B.} Trade Agreeuaents between Soviet Bloc Countries a . a . ? a 19
C:, Prinsipa.. Means and Rout -, by Which Pyrites Enter the Bloc fin
the West a d O 0 ? 0 0 0 ? . ? 0 0 0? ? ?? 0 0 Q 0
Appimi! c B. imports of Pyrites by Soviet Bloc Countries from Western
Leese-44, 19.;9-51 .. ., ._ o a :) o , a N a .3 J 3 a o a 25
ppeadix A. Saamraey of Soviet Bloc. PrOdAcetions Im orts9 Exports9
Apparent Consumption of Pyrites,, by Countries, 1949-51. 23
App radix C. Impor4 - of Pyrites iy Siaviet Bloc Ccsfimtries from Bloc
COMM tens, 1949-51 0 . .> a 0 .j q 30
Appendix D. Traftiw in Pyrites in Wee star t, Europa -- Reports of fx-
porttiag Countries C ?, d with Reports of Importing
Ca l.tris s, 1950-51 J G 0 a O , 3 a o 7 , O .31
1
A aemdix E Transship an of Fy~~i 4R fr4w Spain 'to East Ceriasany ? and
Czechoslovakia via l' ibairg, by Shipst, 1951 :, a 34
AppsAdix F., Caps in IIntelligenrZo J L 0 3 0 J 0 a D 3 0 3 y
Appe dd ix G. ./hp ^ dology J J i V V . O 0 . a U . 0 0 a
Appendix H-- Sources and Evaluat t?yrc of Sources
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36
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Pyrites is the most important rea : material for the manufacture of sulfuric
acid in both Western Europe and the soviet 'Dloc. Sulfuric acid, the most in.-
portent of all basic chc..rr:.cals, is Lurn is used principally for the manufacture
of fertilizers.. In addition, howevsr, it has innumerable strategic uses,, such
as metal working, refining of pet.;?cieu. y and manufacture of explosives and mart'
chemicals of military importance,. The second most important use of p, rites is
in the manufacture of sulfite pulps the highly purified grades of which are used
in the production of sz okeless -ayon, and cellulose plastics and l6 suers?
The sulfur content of pyrites is sappiemented in the Soviet Floc, particularly
the tt: SR and Poland, by waste gas.,; from nonferrous smelters, Several Satellites
are intensively developing processes for per sduction of sulfuric acid from other
sulfur-'bearin materials such as y'e and kleserite.
S* ' = uonc7.7 ions
25X1X4
Elemental sulfur is required vrz L.-t. manai octure of carbon bisulfide (for vis-
cose rayon), of black powder, and of rubber chemicals, and in vulcanization of
rubber. Equipment for burning sulfur cannot be used for roasting pyrites nor can
all ,rites roaster to tern e iifurs East {aermany is recovering sufficient
elemental sulfur as a by-product z;?or- =r::araf cture of synthetic liquid fuels to
export substantial quantities to : e ULvh and to other Satellites, which also ob-
tain supplies from Italy. The US aF- hw: extensive deposits of low-grade native
sulfur, most of wh: ch are located in regions remote from consuming centers, The
USSR also obtains some sulfur frcr t;-product sources.
The largest known deposits of I. x t va s are in Spain and extend into Portugal
Other major deposits in western E..zrcp?a occur in Italy, Yugoslavia, Cyprus, and
Norway
The Soviet Ll.oc as a whole and the European Satellites in particular are short.
of pyrites.. xtenzive deposits of p ya tez . xi.st in the USSR, but transportation
difficulties have li,a lterd their d ve.L. pzeat. Nevertheless, u .=e of by-product and.
other sources of sulfur-bearing m er i:.is rendered the TJS SR virtually self-
sufficient in pyrites W
Smaller deposits of pyrites occur in Yr.~ost of the European Satellites, but
these deposits are entirely inF..de irate to supply the demand, Nast Germany,, Csecho-
.slovakia, Poland, and i-Iun.ary, ho': Lae., obtained nearly two-thirds of their'ag--
aregate supplies in 1949 and 1950 and one-half in 1951. from the Vest, principally
from. Spain and 'X`ugcslavia.
These European Satellitet not only are expanding, production from their limited
reserves of pyrites but are iarpor..ir_g Increasing quantities from Albania, Bulgaria,
and Rumania., where extensive sulfur .rez., was are being developed under Seviet
direction: Thus, the Soviet Bloc .s 'b _,-coming progressively less dependent on the
west for its supplies of pyrites, :.1 ~ugli it is improbable that the t)loc will
achieve cor-,plete independence froc the W-ast in the foreseeable future,
The greater portion of kestora t,:ra :ie in .pyrites with the European Satellites,
particularly with Spain and Yugo.-! moves in transit through third countries u
The Spanish pyrites rove princip ...~ East 3ermany and Czechoslovakia through
west ` per ny and tc a lesser eatez.t t.:rtouih the Netherlands, Lela iuct;, and L'anumrk.
The Yu4os1 avi..n pyrites more prin .p 1.1.y t rough Austria and Switzerland to
Czechoal oyu:a.
A coirparis on of the of i cie l 4.c)x t s w pyrites from the principal producing
countries In touter. Europe in l and 1951 to the principal consuYri-ag, countries
in that are,,, with the official it t.o is of the recipient countries shows a large
excess of export: over ipports _.._. _.; :s confirms the existence of the transit
trade through third countries been reported
V.41, SOV11T Ji T:: PYRITE-
25X1X4
itaL s irfor; uti;;xa aailabl.e to CI, pte ie l952.
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Pyrites contributes to the war *tential of the Soviet Bloc, since they are
used in the manufacture of marry strategic end products. Eecausa the Bloc depends
on the kest for a large proportion: of its requirement; of this mineral? Eloc ear
potential will be seriously irpa;red If It is den;:ed these imparts of pyr:tts
I. Introductt&ono
The world shortage of sulfur has already resulted in a searoity of pyrites
an extrerely important sulfur--bearing ores a hee shortage of pyrites is becoming
progressively larger as the deffan4 for sulfur and sulfur bearing materials in-
creases and as sulfuric acid producers, particularly in the UK, convert from sul-
fur to pyrites m Thus exports of pyrites from the hest to the Soviet Bloc serve
to deprive the West of scarce strategic materials. At the same tire they supply
the Soviet Bloc with those same materials of which the USSR is -n short supply,
thereby aiding the soviet reaaruament program
Communist China, .Manchuria, and rvorth Korea are not includes: in the scope of
this report, because the main industrial centers of the Bloc arc not dependent
on these areas for pyrites.,
II. Deftnj.j onaid Usa. .
Sulf ur& ono of the basic olormuts exiatiag in natures is oncr of the most imp
portant raw materials in tbo i ach:stric i eoonarj of the aorldp rrlioh annually conc.
estimated 10 to 12 million tons in once fora or another, It oaou rs bath
aoturally oa native sulfur, and in tho fora of matt compounds*
In Continental Europe the principal sulfur--beefing material need by industr3?
is pyrites, a natural sulfide of iron or of copper.
The largest known deposits of pyrites occur in Spain and ex!lertd into Fortugal.
Other major Western deposits occur in Norway, Italy, France, V.'e::tern Germany,
Greece, and Cyprus. In the Soviet Eloc the most important deepo-"its oc ? in the
Urals, the Caucasus, st ria, Fulgaria, and Albania
Other sources of sulfur-bearing materials used for their s-if.fur content in~-
clude (1) copper, lead, and z inn, ores, from the concentrates or blends of which
sulfur dioxide is recovered; (2) pyrite.--bearing coals, from wh-.ch pyrites is
separated, and in the coking of coal from the waste gases of wh-.ch hydrogen sul-
fide is recovered; (3) 'sour' petroleums, from the refining of t' -hick hydrogen
sulfide is recovered; (4) spent oxides of municipal gas-purific?.tion plants; and
(5) anhydrite (calcium ul. f to) or its hydrous form, gypsum, us?d in a few countries
only, for manufacture of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate,,
Either elem?utal sulfur or pyrites say be used for manufacti.re of most products
in which sulfur in one fore or another is required,. However, sulfur burners can-
not be used to roast pyrites, nor can all pyrites roasters be uaed to burn sulfur.
The principal products in the i cnufacture of which pyrites ? re required are
sulfuric acid and sulfite pulp. Sulfuric acid, the most importz.nt of all basic
chemiez-1s, is used principally for production of fertilizers (s\\:perphoaphates
and am':onium sulfate) and cf IL large number of chemicals, inclu..ing many essentials
for r-:anufacturo of military items s for petroleum refining, meta" :l t rgy, and metal-
working (including weapons, tanks, and ships); and in the r anrrlf?::,cture of rayon,
cellulose products (fill.,, plastic-.A lacquers), and explosives, Sulfite pulp, in-
cluding hiUhly purified chemical pulp or alpha cellulose, is uss d in the mane,
facture of ur.ckeless powder, rcyolap cellulose products (f iln.,, p .aetics, and
lacquers). Other. uses for the :sulfur content of pyrites includ-L~ that of self it
dioxide for refrigeration, sulfite salts, bleaching vegetable f-.bers, refining
sugar, and as a food preeZervative,
Products for which,pc2rf,~xt .l sulfur is required include canon hisulfide used
in ntifctt e of viscose rayon, r~nt hate-type mineral flotatic - agents, carbon
tetrachloride, vulcanization of :wu .,K er, black powder, rubber ch,.silcals, - sulfa, d.ruga,
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The uric: -, Bloc as a whole, and the European satejli Le,, . n r,ar et.ia arc
th f of oys.4tesv The U sR, however, import stall quant1t erg th :['r : t the Pest.
an from Sate :1-1116-W s,
Table 1, lerived for 1-)42r_-51 ` rr Appiend1x L and for 15~: ,..54 f om ,nc i-Id ='?'
eeti . tes coax .,i'y iado in subsea Lent sec ions, sL2rlmurizes "t*;J'.: ;pr i.t a suppl r
of the n y;;e2litas as a j4ioie. The data for apparel: f :.;elaript ,on pra-
duetion pit: " :'i
4A vu .trrzs exp zorts) do not- include .c'1fSa-S ve ! e t,t'_' YEA .'J
tnalt.de tf, 1 Lt'' t i . the t S R. Data on the supply po aI ion o.' tI..:L J Sc;R ; e cixt tt
~t ..d~ryry qg ? ~ ,.y~ ry~~ yry.~~ y ~} ~l~..~ .{
a,,z ., L7 Jer". ~.%L K? ,...Si Nr.'.fl3.Z .13 unknown. .C ..i t hc7~ sct e, Ii. Vs d1 ect rv..:..... Ls 1r,:ia the ns dl
are s -ail
o~ ?nCe xzowe raw r:atersals 3s not known.
1Il. Tztira. oy~e w -2Qe ri tuation?
A. V 1 or~ .'i i t Le ?
_
w ~. 7 411 G, 41. 0
the tT .F. most ? f the acid is ace frr-m pyrite:, ax>plerae ite.. >r a fps 3 c ? ? ,
fr= uonf a? ,ous lters, ok: overt g iscc, and other Minot, L-,' . : o. lfi:,e ?-;a1.Yp
}ism de bo _ wit we of pyrites and of suulfuz in Cout ental a, ope, :gat the re; .-
,,~ ~~ 1 s~
an u1f Afl! V tl x`13 :'a lua t l tjos of s ~.a tY$ are als
o usr fo Lt;ui y1
pii-ificula1e2;r In. :. _.' of .ntries ord ' ' , C1 y r r ..:3. 0 dust. ?iN$'t0?S ie itl.~e .iY2~:_,ra .::Lam -
In both ? "pst.w?a ate. titer; Eu rope mo.~ ; of the ua'.i 1o ac .c._ r .eV fxorn
,
p Go. 0 t a in ?sv T mo t?, o Ghe a? c^u ~ c ci t r, ri~
Table
end E urrc: ents of Pyr `,-es b the i,uu: ope-=j j~54 .
25X1X4
191 28 4.16 r}~}
~:GiC7
Offio v::, tia 231 21) 11.9 N.A. 1~. 14 NA
mCovortAI ,.ate. 99 284 293 >3?.~. T. N.A.
IGrts `r _,m t"hc t-.ost
Produatior'.
Tot4; I +a.lis
por Vs
To the 0 o
To the tE'''`I 0 0
Q
0
a
Apparent C .: 3u 1;. on P/ 521 777 824
Rc qulremc;n ;s.
t end,{ x A o; ; '!}ham q it;?: il.` "?': r~; ortf tea':. . Append = s lcx lu nxA f?r -x: ~h a ~
elilteanc ha M 77'b the .impor6.0 of pyitc& f;'Om the lirosl. 2-, cc _ a: a3 l~b G.?.` '.,ya
thn -70,# ?T-n 1.0._ A
am
C)
N.A
847
Dat for s.ix years 194.51 f`o:.* each Ln v, E i?'
r+ ?
r, i' f Off . ?r , 3E c:';3 on,
671 649- 921-951 928
P 'oc to t..-on -).: -*?s :Wpo .its mr.?'us a .pox'L
lactic .. data for . '. `i +51 31,01}: i in these e poen xes ? f ,..
tenor is ax.3 x~fax Yi: oe wa tf s,, .lt'mo 't eources za.,.d s ort --t-1s '! ?a?I? , -I
.x X1 X4
from tie fiat- offs. a1 sport's consist i%4 zither of tiao trade r -It' tai We';, ter:
GI''u n~ ntl' ! or Ct.'.' d" '
~ frs:m `iueu d er, one-quarter to one-third of its apparent consurcption9 principally from
the West.; as shown in Appendix B. In 191,9 and 1950 Norway and Sweden supplied
practically all of Poland's Western itrports of pyrites, In 1951 these countries
supplied only 37,5 percents Yugoslavia supplied an equal percentage; and Italy and
West Germany furnished the rema.inde
40 }hm ar o
gary produced only 1.0,;000 metric tons of pyrites per year before
World War III In the absence o:r more recent production reports,, current at.-
put is estimated to be approximatell 12,000 metric tons annually, as deposits are
known to be of lit- iced extent. It seems Improbable t1 tat annual production will
exceed 18?000 metric tons by 1954,. unless new and thus far unreported deposit.-s
are discovered. The country likewise is deficient in reso ices of elemental sul-Nurv
A deposit of anhydrite has been dis, overed; and plans call for utilization of this
material for production of one-thirl of the country's sulfuric acid output U
Table 6' gives the production, requirements, and apparent ccnsturpt: oil
of pyrites in t-Hungary for 1949-54;, as derived frcn- Appendix l and from estimates...
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Table 6
Productions Requirements, and Apparent Consumption of lyrites
by Hungary? 1-949-54 2
e
Production
Total
Requirements
Apparent.
i
C
on?gun p
nn
1949
10
35
20
1950
12
40
23
1951
14
47
60
1952
16
c
6/
N.A
1953
17
72
.
N
A
1954
18
75
.
N.A.
According to Appendix H., Yugoslavia was the only reported source of
Hungarian imports of pyrites from the rest in 1949 and 195Co In 1951 Spain was
the only reported source of supply,, It is probable that imports from other,
Satellites? particularly Albania, have not been completely reported
Czechoslovakia may have re-exported to Hungary some of its imports from t no, t;;_:
5. S2yiet Zone gf Austria..
No production of pyrites in the Soviet Zone of Austria has; ter{ re-
ported. That production reported for all Austria is in the tiesterrn Z0110, :"here
is only one sulfuric acid plant in the Soviet Zone, d it is based on pyrites
Moses if not all of the pulp xPil Is are located in the 'Vestern Zone. The recuir?e-
merits and apparent consumption of pyrites in the Soviet Zone are, therefore, be-
lieved to be not much larger than those for the one sulfuric acid plants which
amount to about 4,,700 metric tons per year. The capacity of this plant apparently
is not being llncrez.sed, Thus 6,003rretric tons per year is believed to be a
reasonable estimate for the soviet Zone's requirements and apparent consumption Of
pyrites for the years 1949-51? and 6,500 to 7,,000 metric tons for the year 195-4.
1' o Imports of pyrites by the Soviet Zone from the best have been 4 -e-
ported for 1949 and 1950, The 17,000 tons reported in 1951 came fro,; Spain, Yugo-
slavia, Greece, and Italyr and no doubt a large portion was reshipped to Czecho-s
Slovakia or other 'atellites. The reported i ports from he other --atellitesx Imports of pyrites from the West have decreased from 63 to 51 percent
of their estimated apparent consumption. In the seine period these imports have
decreased from 95 to 7E percent of its aggregate imports from the West and from
within the Bloc.
According to Appendix B, which shows the Blocs imports of pyrites from the
West by countries of origin, Norway was the principal source of the European Sat-
ellite imports in 1949 with 109,000 metric tons, or 33 percent of the total. Other
important sources in that year were Cyprus (23 percent), Yugoslavia (15 percent),
Sweden (7 percent), and Finland (7 percent).
In 1950 Yugoslavia furnished 180;,000 metric tons (36 percent), Norway 114,000
metric tons (23 percent), and Spain 90;,000 metec tons (1F percent) of the pyrites
imports from the West to the European Satellateso In descending order of impor-
tance, Cyprus, Italy, and Sweden furnished most of the remainder.
In 1951 Spain exported 135,000 metric tons (33 percent) 'to the Satellites,,
Yugoslavia 130,000 metric tons (32 percent), and Norway 82,,000 metric tons (20
percent). West `Gerrany, Italy, and Cyprus furnished most of the rea*ainder. In
the period 1949-51 the West exported very little pyrites directly to the USSR --
33,000 metric tons in 1949, 3,000 metric tons in 1950, and none in 1951. The
extent to which the West exports to the Satellites have been reshipped to the
USSR is not known. It is quite possible, however, that some of this pyrites, par-
ticularly from Yugoslavia, ultimately reached the USSRO
A large part of Western exports of pyrites to the European Satellites moved in
transit through Western European countries. Official statistics of the exporting
countries do not show the ultimate destinations of this trade which is discussed
in the following section.
A. Discrepancies in Trade Statistics:. 25X1X4
In order to obtain a check on the validity of Wester:
exports of pyrites. to the Soviet Eloc, particularly the transit trade, a tabulation
was compiled of, exports of pyrites by the principal producing countries to in.di-
vidun3 Western European countries and of the irrports of the recipient nations by
countries of origin. These statistics will be found In Appendix D. The only ex-
porting countries which have been included, however, are -whose in which sign-l"
cant differences occur with respect to ir-ports of the recipient countries,
In the preparation of Appendix- P only official statistics were used These
statistics consist of the published official trade returns of the respective gov.-
ernments except where noted, In which cases they were obtained from the International
Materials Conference (1 C) . For comparison, exports to Bl.or~
countries are shown for each exporting country, 25X1 X4
A major difficulty with statistics of Spain, Portugal, and. Cyprus is the
lack of breakdown of their exports to Germany as between East and West "canary,
13 -
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In comparing the two sets of trade fiures it should be borne in mind thst
certain lags exist between them, such as the differences in time both nettieen de-
parture and arrival dates of cargoes and in the statistical recordings of the
shipments a These lags, however, would tend to compensate each other at the begin-
ning and end of each year.
The principal discrepancies between the two sets of statistics seem to
stem from transit shipments through Western European countries. None of these
countries officially report this trade,
25X1X40007
Table 12 summarizes the detailed statistics of Appendix D by presenting
the excesses or deficits of the exporting countries over or under the ircports of
the recipient countries, and shows for comparison, shipments
froir: the exporting countries to the Soviet Bloc. 25X1X4
25X1X4
of F)eficit of Pyrites Exports of Certain Produc" Coup ries
over Imports of ;,stern European Countries and Exports
of these Countries to the Soviet Bloc, 1950.1
Tho av
n et-ric Tone
1
025X1 X4
,
195125X1 X4
Exporting
Ex-
Lz-
Ct ntrgr
c yes
i'e
fcit
ports to Blo^
E
xc
firit
o
t
B
?
.
p
r
s to ;
,
Cyprus
73
0
0
22
0
Italy
7
0
10
17
12
Portugal
61
0
4
62
1
Spain
104
0
90
151
135
Yugoslavia
175
0
i$0
12.
2430
Total
Net Excess or
Deficit of Ex-
porting over Im-
porting Country
Statistics 420 Excess
An examination of the individual country statistics presented in Appendix
D will serve to explain some of the apparent discrepancies and to confirm certain
covert reports of transit shipments of pyrites to SaterUiwts.
The principal discrepancies occur in the export trade between Spain and
Yugoslavia and the import trade of Austria, Switzerland, and West Germany,, 'r'ises s
are discussed under the respective importing country sections.
L kit o - t. DE Countries w
a.
Appendix D shows that Cyprus,exported 73,000 metric tons more py-
rites to Western Europe in 1950 than the countries in that area reported as in-
ported from Cyprus and In 1951,, 2,2,,000 metric toms less, with a net excess of
51,000 metric tons for the 2 years The principal discrepancies in the two sets of
figures are those involving France and the 'Netherlands and are discussed in the
sections on those countries.
by Razz.
Italy is both an Importer and exporter of pyrites and in recent
years has changed from a net exporter to a net importer,. In 1950 its officiai. ex-
ports of pyrites exceeded the imports of recipient couutr:es by 7,000 metric tons
_14-
S-E-C--R-E.T
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25X1X4
25X1X4
25X1X4
'T`able 13 foi 1 ores on p-, 16,
S-E-C-R-L-r.
and in 1951 by 17000 metric tons These excesses tend to confirm the 10,000 and
12,000 metric tons exported to Satellites by Italy In the ress-
p ctive years. The nrincipa screwncies involve Austria in 1950 and t :?e ?Nether-
lands in 1951 and are discussed under those recipient countries:,
C. Por_l
The excess of Portuguese export.; 'in 1950 and the deficit in 1950
compared with the trade data of the importing countries are due 'to the totals of
several discrepancies In the respective years,. The principal differences in ' 9X1 X4ed
are largely compensated for by discrepancies in the opposite direction in 1951,
It is quite possible, therefore, thst the tire lags (physical and statistical) are
mainly responsible for the differences in the respective years,
rortuguose exports to the Soviet Bloc have reirealed only insignificant shipments
in 1949-51. In February, 1952, however, a barter offer was reported to ha_ve been
made by a Swiss intermediary for -1,000 retr.ic tons of pyrites from Portugal, but
of Spanish origin,, 38/
The excess of Spanish exports over the imports of the recipient
countries is far greater than similar excesses of any other country? The exces-
ses amounted to 10i 000 metric tons In 1950 and 151.s000 metric tons in 1951, These
excesses confirm shipments from. Spain to the Satellites of 90,000
and 135,000 metric tons respectively in those years., lost of these shipments went
in transit through West Caerma.r{y, in the section on which they are discussed,,
e )LU oslavia..
The trade figures for Yugoslavia shown in AppenAx B are difficult
to interpret because of the large excess of exports (175,000 metric tons)
4
by that country over imports reported by recipient countries' in 1950, and a m -
erate deficit (57,000 metric t-,-)-ins) in 1951, Tn both years the
shipments of pyrites by Yugoslavia to the Plo ; isere large and went pr ne pa._... y to
Czechoslovakia:, In 1950 to'; ,'. shipments from Yugoslavia to the
Bloc were 180y3000 metric tors:: and in 1951..,. 130,000 metre,,-. tons or 310,,000 metric
tons for the 2 years, car. pared with 336,000 :cetr?i.c tons total Yugoslavian py:2dX4
2A IM to all countries in the same years, Tt is further reported
that f'wiss and Austrian intermediaries arranged In behalf of Czechoslovakia
for the purchase of large quantities of Yugoslavian pyrites in exo.han; a for ;2Pck,
oslovak coke, 39/
2, Importing Countries:,
ia:.,
aC Austria.
There are several. indications which give strong evidence. of Aus-
trian transit trade in pyrites frorr the West to the Soviet Bloc in 1.950 In 1951 there was a difference of 29,000 metric tons in the other di-
rection. These differences might be accounted for by tire lags: stockpUl..c ehar.nges
or traneshipmeft to Satellites, ntwerp is knowrn to be an it portant port of trans-
shipment for many cor"r:o