SOVIET BLOC TRADE IN PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, INTRA-BLOC AND EAST-WEST 1947-53

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• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: April 6, 1955
• Content Type: IR

FORETGfQ"NATIONALS
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~Pi
PROVISIONAL,, INTELLIGENCE :..REPORT,
SOVIET BLOC ,,TRADE
IN PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS:
INTRA-BLOC AND EAST-WEST
1947-53
`CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
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Supplementary Source References for
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FOREIGN NATIONALS
SOVIET BLOC TRADE
IN PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS: INTRA-BLOC AND EAST WEST
1947-53
CIA/RR PR-107
(ORR Project 25.187)
NOTICE
The data and conclusions contained in this report
do not necessarily represent the final position of
ORR and should be regarded as provisional only and
subject to revision. Comments and data which may
be available to the user are solicited.
Office of Research and Reports
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FOREWORD
The purpose of this report is to present as complete a picture
as possible of the trade in petroleum and petroleum products by the
countries of the Soviet Bloc. All available information on the
prewar years 1936 and 1937, on East-West trade for the postwar
period from 1947 through 1953, and on intra-Bloc trade for 1952 and
1953 has been included. Lack of detailed information precluded
exact estimates of trade in petroleum between the countries of the
Soviet Bloc for the period from 1947 through 1951.
Although some indications of the capabilities, vulnerabilities,
and intentions of the countries of the Soviet Bloc may be implicit
in the findings of this report, the limited scope of the study does
not warrant an explicit evaluation of those factors.
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CONTENTS
Page
A. Exports from the Soviet Bloc to the Free World . . . 6
B. Imports from the Free World to the Soviet Bloc . . . 13
C. Intra-Bloc Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Crude Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2. Petroleum Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
a. Rumania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
b. USSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
c . Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
d. Soviet Zone of Austria . . . . . . . . . . . 23
e. East Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
f. Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Appendixes
Appendix A. Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Appendix B. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Appendix C. Gaps in Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Appendix D. Source References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Tables
1. Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products from Countries
of the Soviet Bloc, 1936, 1937, 1952, and 1953 . . . . . 2
2. Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products from the
Soviet Bloc to the Free World, by Country of Origin,
1947-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
w v -
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3. Principal Petroleum Products Exported by the Soviet
Bloc to the Free World, 1947-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products by the Soviet
Bloc from the Free World,by Destination, 1947-53 . . . 13
5. Principal Petroleum Products Imported by the Soviet Bloc
from the Free World, 1947-53 . . 15
6. Movement of Crude Oil within the Soviet Bloc, 1953 . . . 16
7. Intra-Bloc Exports of Petroleum Products from Soviet Bloc
Countries., 1952-53 . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8. Movement of Petroleum Products within the Soviet Bloc,
1953 .........................
9.. Exports of Petroleum Products from Rumania to Other
Soviet Bloc Countries, 1952-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10. Exports of Petroleum Products from the USSR to Other
Soviet Bloc Countries, 1952-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
11. Exports of Petroleum Products from Hungary to Other
Soviet Bloc Countries, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12. Exports of Petroleum Products from the Soviet Zone
of Austria to Other Soviet Bloc Countries, 1953 . . . . 24
13. Exports of Petroleum Products from East Germany
to Other Soviet Bloc Countries, 1953 . . . . . ? . ? . 24
14. Exports of Petroleum Products from Czechoslovakia
to Bulgaria, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
15, Imports of Petroleum Products by Albania, 1936-37 . . . 27
16.' Imports of Crude Oil and-Petroleum Products by Austria,
193637 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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Page
17, Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Bulgaria, 1936-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
18. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Czechoslovakia, 1936-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
19. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Germany, 1936-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
20. Exports of Petroleum Products from Germany, 1936-37
21. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Hungary, 1936-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
22. Exports of Petroleum Products from Poland, 1936-37 ? ?
33
23. Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
from Rumania, 1936-37 . . ? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
24. Exports of Petroleum Products from the USSR,
1936-37 .......................
37
25. Imports of Petroleum Products by China, 1936-37 . .
38
26. Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Rumania, 1947-53 . . . . . . . . .
39
27. Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from the USSR, 1947-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
28. Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from the Soviet Zone of Austria, 1947-53 . . . . . . .
41
29. Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from East Germany, 1947-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
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Page
30. Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World 46
from Hungary, 1947-53 . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .
31. Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Czechoslovakia, 1947-53 . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? 49
32. Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Poland, 1947-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Follo Ing_Paje
Figure 1. Origin of Exports of Crude Oil and. Petroleum
Products from the Soviet Bloc to the Free 8
World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 2. Movement of Crude Oil within the Soviet Bloc, 16
1953 ........ .............
Figure 3. Movement of Petroleum Products within the Soviet
Bloc, 1953 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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SOVIET BLOC TRADE
IN PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS: INTRA-BLOC AND EAST-WEST
1947-53*
The countries of the Soviet Bloc** exported about 11.4 million
metric tonsxxx of crude oil and petroleum products- to the other
countries of the Bloc and the Free World in 1953, a 16-percent
increase over 1952 exports. The quantities of crude oil and petro-
leum products exported by the Soviet Bloc in 1952-53 were roughly
comparable with the quantities exported in the prewar period
(1936-37). The orientation of the export trade of these countries
in crude oil and petroleum products in 1952 and 1953, however, was
the reverse of that existing in 1936-37. In prewar years, 75 to
80 percent of the petroleum exports of the countries of the Soviet
Bloc were destined for what is now the Free World. In the current
period, only about 20 to 25 percent of Bloc petroleum exports have
gone to these countries. This change of orientation is most
pronounced in the exports of the two most important exporting
countries of the Bloc, Rumania and the USSR. It is interesting to
note, however, that petroleum exports to the non-Bloc areas were
more than 55 percent greater in 1953 than in 1952 and that there
was an increase of only 7 percent in shipments within the Bloc.
There is evidence that the Free World will become increasingly
important in petroleum trade with the countries of the Soviet Bloc.
The non-Bloc countries received about 25 percent of the total
exports of the Soviet Bloc in 1953 compared with 19 percent in 1952.
Exports of crude oil and petroleum products from countries of the
* The estimates and conclusions contained in this report repre-
sent the best judgment of ORR as of 15 February 1955.
** Albania, the Soviet Zone of Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, the USSR, Outer Mongolia,
China, and North Korea.
Throughout. this report, tonnages are given in metric tons.
* In this report, petroleum products include all nongaseous
petroleum derivatives except bitumen, paraffin, tar, and coke.
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Soviet Bloc in 1936, 1937, 1952, and 1953 are shown in Table 1.
: Table 1
Exports of Crude; Oil and Petroleum Products
from Countries of the Soviet Bloc
1936, 1937, 1952, and 1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Country
of
Origin a~*
Destination
19 1937
1952
1953
Bloc
1,933 1,153
4,325
4,798
Non-Bloc
4,845 4,394
614
1,229
6,778 5,547
4,939
6,027
Soviet Zone
Bloc
0 0
1,605
1,806
of Austria
Non-Bloc
0 0
927
1,032
0 0
2,532
2,838
USSR
Bloc
319 301
1,103
1,042
Non-Bloc ~
2,347 1,620
269
518
2,666 1,921
1,372
1,560
Hungary
Bloc
0 0
400
437
Non-Bloc
0 0
0
0
Total
0 0
4oo
437
East Germany
Bloc
8 9
396
333
Non Bloc
202 132
38
119
Total
210 141
434
452
* Footnote for Table 1 follows on p. 3.
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Table 1
Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
from Countries of the Soviet Bloc
1936, 1937, 1952, and 1953
(Continued)
Country
of
Origin a
Destination
1936
1937
1952
1953
Poland
Bloc
75
6o
0
0
Non-Bloc
64
34
0
0
Total
139
94
0
0
Czechoslovakia
Bloc
2
2
10
10
Non-Bloc
Negligible
Negligible
0
0
Total
2
2
10
10
Albania
Bloc
0
0
155
82
Non-Bloc
46
59
0
0
Total
46
59
155
82
Total Bloc
Exports
2,337
1,525
7,994
8,508
Total Non-
Bloc
Exports
7,504
6,239
1,848
2,898
Total
Exports
9,841
7,764
9,842
11,406
a. Prewar figures are based on prewar boundaries.
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In 1936 and 1937, Rumania and the USSR supplied 96 percent of the
petroleum and petroleum products exported by the Soviet Bloc. Since
World War II, the Soviet Zone of Austria has become a major exporter,
and in 1952 and 1953, these three countries together accounted for
approximately 90 percent of the total Bloc exports.
Rumania, the major exporter of petroleum in the Soviet Bloc,
exported 6 million tons of petroleum products in 1953. Of this amount,
'(1 percent went to the USSR and 20 percent to the Free World. Among
the non-Bloc countries, Finland and Italy were the major importers,
with 557,000 tons and 191,000 tons,respectively.
The second most important petroleum exporting country in the
Soviet Bloc in 1953 was the USSR. It is probable that in 1953 China
received 954,000 tons of petroleum products, about 60 percent of
Soviet exports. Nearly one third of Soviet petroleum exports were
dispatched to countries outside the Bloc. Sweden and Italy were the
principal non-Bloc importers of Soviet petroleum.
From the point of view of quantity, the Soviet Zone of Ausi;ria
was a significant exporter of petroleum, and 72 percent of the
3..4 million tons of petroleum products exported by the Soviet Zone
of Austria in 1953 was in the form of allocations to Free Austria
for domestic consumption. As a supplier of crude oil to the oi;her
countries of the Soviet Bloc, the Soviet Zone of Austria was also
of major importance. More than 1.2 million tons, 86 percent of total
crude oil exports by the Soviet Zone of Austria, went to the other
European Satellite areas and the remainder to the USSR.
All of the countries of the Soviet Bloc except Rumania, the
Soviet Zone of Austria, Hungary, and Albania were net importers of
petroleum in 1953. Although East Germany was a substantial exporter
of petroleum products, exports were more than offset by imports of
crude oil. Hungary was a net exporter of petroleum products, but
its net exports were almost negligible because of substantial
imports of crude oil. Albania, which exported crude oil and sub-
stantial amounts of bitumen during 1953, was entirely dependent, on
imports for supplies of petroleum products.
Although available evidence refers only to imports of petroleum
products by Communist China, indigenous production of crude oil in
Communist China is known to be insufficient to supply its refineries,
and it must be assumed that China imported crude oil during 1952 and
1953, probably from the USSR.
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It is estimated that imports of crude oil and petroleum products
by Poland during 1953 exceeded 700,000 tons. When production of
natural and synthetic petroleum products in Poland is taken into
account, these imports appear excessive. Although there is no con-
firming evidence of specific shipments, it is assumed that Poland
exported petroleum products during 1953, probably to China and the
USSR.
I. Prewar Trade.
Before World War II, only three countries among those which now
make up the Soviet Bloc were major exporters of crude oil and petro-
leum products -- the USSR, Rumania, and Poland. Prewar Germany
exported petroleum products which were produced from both indigenous
and imported crude oil, Albania exported some crude oil, and
Czechoslovakia exported small quantities of petroleum products.
These six countries exported a total of about 9.8 million tons of
petroleum in 1936 and about 7.8 million tons in 1937. In 1936,
about 2.3 million tons, 2L percent of the total exports of these
countries and)in 1937, about 1.5 million tons, 20 percent of the
total exports,went to countries which now make up the Soviet Bloc.
In the prewar period, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Germany, Hungary, China, North Korea, and Outer Mongolia were all
importers of petroleum. Together, these countries imported a total
of about 5.9 million tons of petroleum in 1936 and about 5.7 million
tons in 1937. In 1936, about 60 percent of these imports came from
countries now in the Free World. In 1937, about 72 percent came
from present Free World countries, and the balance, about 28 percent,
came from the countries making up the present Soviet Bloc.
Rumania was the most important exporter of both crude petroleum
and petroleum products in 1936 and 1937. It supplied over 75 percent
of the petroleum products imported by Albania, Austria, Bulgaria,
and Czechoslovakia in 1936, and 70 percent in 1937. Austria, Bulgaria,
and Hungary each received 100 percent of their total crude oil imports
from Rumania in 1936. Germany was not as dependent on Rumania. In
1936, only a little more than 25 percent of the imports of petroleum
products of Germany originated in Rumania, and less than 20 percent
in 1937. Only 5 percent of the crude oil imports of Germany came from
Rumania in 1936, and none in 1937.
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The orientation of the prewar trade of Rumania was, however,
toward the present Free World., Of the more than 6.1 million tons
of petroleum products reported by Rumania as exports in 1936, more
than 70 percent went to countries now in the Free World. In 1937,
78 percent of the nearly 5.1 million tons of exports was so directed.
The USSR was the second most important exporter of petroleum in
the Soviet Bloc in 1936-37. It exported 2.7 million tons in 1936
and 1.9 million tons in 1937- Between 85 and 90 percent of the
exports in these years were directed to countries of the present
Free World.
About half of the exports of Poland went to Czechoslovakia in
1936 and 1937, the remainder going principally to the countrLes of
the present Free World. In these years, only 5 to 10 percent of
the exports of Germany were destined for the present Soviet 3loc
countries. Because of lack of refining facilities, the crude oil
output of Albania in 1936 and 1937 -- 46,000 and 59,000 tons,
respectively -- was sent to Italy for processing. The exports of
Czechoslovakia during this period were limited to about 2,000 tons
of fuel oil and lubricants, 70 percent of which was destined for
Germany.
Tables 15 through 25 of Appendix A show in detail the data on
which these figures are based., This information is taken from
official publications and is believed to be accurate to within a
range of plus or minus 5 percent. In some cases the exports
reported by one country do not agree with the imports reported
by a second country. This can be explained by the time lag between
shipments and receipts, transit shipments, changes in destinations
of exports after shipment, and/or lack of uniformity in reporting.
II. Postwar Trade.
A. Exports from the Soviet Bloc to the Free World.
Exports of crude oil and petroleum products from the Soviet
Bloc to the Free World in 1947-53 are shown in Table 2.* The origin
of exports of crude oil and petroleum products from the Soviet Bloc
to the Free World is shown in Figure l.**
Table 2 follows on p. 7.
Following p. 8.
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Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
from the Soviet Bloc to the Free World
by Country of Origin at
1947-53
Country of Origin
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
Rumania
137
99
110
81
386
614
1,229
USSR
96
87
112
69
128
269
518
Soviet Zone
of Austria
350
331
331
509
823
927
1,032
East Germany
0
0
16
75
8
38
119
Hungary
38
11
20
11
Negligible
0
0
Czechoslovakia
0
1
3
1
Negligible
0
0
Poland
0
Negligible
14
Negligible
0
0
0
621 529 606 746 1,345
2,898
a. See Appendix A, Tables 26 through 32, Pp. 39-51, below.
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During the 1947-53 period, exports increased every year over
the previous year, with the exdeption of 1948, when a drop of 15 per-
cent was registered. During the first 4 years of the period, total
exports appeared to be comparatively steady. In 1951, the first
year in which the Soviet Bloc seemed to be anxious to sell petroleum
and petroleum products to the Free World, there was an 80-percent
increase over 1950. Since 1948 there had been an average annual
increase in exports of more than 40 percent, with the 1953 level
57 percent greater than 1952 exports and about 367 percent greater
than 1947 exports.
Rumania, the USSR, and the Soviet Zone of Austria have con-
sistently maintained their dominance as Soviet Bloc exporters of
petroleum and petroleum products. During the 1947-53 period the
petroleum shipments to the Free World by these 3 countries accounted
for at least 90 percent of their total exports. Only in 1950 did
East Germany become a substantial exporter to the West -- in that
year, East Germany and the USSR each accounted for 9 percent Df total
Soviet Bloc exports to the Free. World. Until 1953 the Soviet Zone
of Austria was the largest exporter of petroleum, furnishing between
50 and 70 percent of total Soviet Bloc exports to the Free World for
each of the 6 years from 1947 through 1952. In 1953, Rumania became
the most important exporting country in the Soviet Bloc and accounted
for 42 percent of the total. The USSR has remained the third largest
exporter, accounting for an average of about 15 percent of the total
exports to the Free World for most of the 7-year period. Information
available to date indicates that Soviet exports to the Free World in
1954 were more than 35 percent greater than those of Rumania.
There is little doubt that the Soviet Bloc will continue to
export increasing quantities of crude oil and petroleum products to
the Free World. In 1954, shipment out of the Bloc amounted to about
6 million tons. Petroleum is being exported to Argentina, to Belgium,'
to Iceland, to India, and to Israel, where the Bloc has not had any
previous appreciable trade in this commodity.
The motives behind the efforts of the Soviet Bloc to re-
establish trade in petroleum with the Free World are both economic
and political. The increase in exports shown in Table 2 is roughly
parallel to the increased availability of petroleum within they
Soviet Bloc. This increased availability, and the accompanying
apparent "surplus," has provided the Bloc countries with a means of
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SECRET
ORIGIN OF EXPORTS OF CRUDE OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
FROM THE SOVIET BLOC TO THE FREE WORLD
(Thousands of Metric Tons)
Figure 1
2898
USSR
518
1848
RUMANIA
1229
269
1345
RUMANIA
USSR 128
614
EAST
GERMANY
RUMANIA
119
386
EAST GERMANY
EAST GERMANY
38
746
621
606
RUMANIA 61
USSR 96
529
-HUNGARY 11
EAST
~i*R 112 '
75 EAST GERMANY
EAST
AUSTRIA
RUMANIA
UftR 97
EAST
AUSTRIA
1032
137
U NIA
CZECH
1
RUMANIA
110
POLAND 14
i
-
AUSTRIA
921
HUNGARY 38
HUNGARY 11
HUNGARY 20
ST
823
CZECH
1
EAST GER.16
EA
EAST
EAST
.
EAST
CZECH. 3
'AUSTRIA
AUSTRIA
AUSTRIA
AUSTRIA
509
350
331
331
1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953
13442 3.55 SECRET
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obtaining foreign exchange. It also furnishes a means of implementing
the "new course" by enabling the Soviet Bloc to secure from the Free
World strategic and consumer goods which are not available within the
Bloc. The possible breakdown in Free World economic controls could
be of great benefit to the Bloc in the emphasis on consumer goods.
There is much to be derived from offering petroleum and petroleum
products at prices apparently below the world market. This, together
with the superior quality of some petroleum products offered by the
USSR, makes trading with the Bloc more attractive. Whether or not
this high quality will be maintained is open to question. In addition,
the trade enables the Free World to dispose of goods which it cannot
sell elsewhere. Such action tends to develop trade dependence on
Bloc petroleum in certain Free World countries -- for example, Iceland,
Finland, and Egypt. The propaganda value of this dependence can be
very useful to the USSR.
The principal petroleum products exported by the Soviet Bloc
to the Free World in 1947-53 are shown in Table 3.*
From 1947 through 1950, more than 50 percent of the exports
from the Soviet Bloc was made up of distillates -- gasoline, gas and
diesel oil, and kerosine, in that order of importance. In the last
3 years, 1951 through 1953, there was a definite increase in the
exports of residuals, with fuel oil accounting for 50 to 55 percent
of the total exports. In addition, crude oil appeared as an export
in these years,. although it never was more than about 10 percent of
total exports.
The disproportionate increase in the exports of residuals
from the Soviet Bloc to the Free World in the 1951-53 period coin-
cided with the large increase in the total volume of exports to
the Free World. Because more than 80 percent of the exports to the
Free World originated in the European Satellites, it is believed
that the major reasons for the shift in the breakdown by products
of total exports can be traced to conditions prevailing in the
Satellite area.
There is a lack of specialized refining equipment for the
production of high-quality distillates in the European Satellites.
No catalytic cracking equipment and only a relatively small amount
of thermal cracking equipment is known to exist in the area. This
* Table 3 follows on p. 10.
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Table 3
Principal Petroleum Products Exported by the Soviet Bloc
to the Free World a/
1947-53
Year
Crude Oil
Gasoline
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel
Oil
Fuel Oil
Lubricants
Total
1947
0
229
70
116
185
21
621
1948
o
165
62
152
121
29
529
1949
0
254
64
145
101
42
606
1950
0
22.5
41
.217
206
.57
746
1951
29
279
54
195
738
50
1,345
1952
184
406
49
245
913
51
1,848
1953
152
449
100
639
1,501
57
2,898
a. See Appendix A, Tables 26 through 32, pp. 39-51, below.
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results in comparatively low yields of high-quality distillates and
correspondingly greater yields of residual products. As the pro-
duction of crude oil in the area increased substantially between
1951 and 1953, the total volume of residuals produced in the area
increased as well.
The pattern of allocations in the European Satellites is
such that only a limited amount of residuals can be consumed. The
major industrial fuel in the area is coal, and the principal space-
heating and domestic fuels are coal and firewood, respectively.
The increased production of residuals during 1951 and 1953, there-
fore, resulted in supplies of residuals which could not easily be
consumed in the European Satellites and which were, therefore,
available for export to the Free World.
Detailed information on the exports of Rumania to the
countries outside the Soviet Bloc for 1947 through 1953 is given
in Appendix A, Table 26. In the 4 years from 1947 through 1950, the
exports of Rumania to the Free World fluctuated between 137,000 tons
in 1947 and 80,000 in 1950, with the yearly average about 107,000
tons. In 1951 the shipments jumped to more than 385,000 tons, about
375 percent greater than in the preceding year and 180 percent greater
than in 1947. Exports in 1953 were 1.23 million tons, nearly 800
percent greater than in 1947.
The breakdown by products of Rumanian exports changed in the
same way as did that for the Soviet Bloc as a whole. Before 1951,
more than 90 percent of the shipments to the Free World were in
the form of distillates. After 1951, fuel oil became the major
petroleum export, accounting for about 60 to 70 percent of the total.
Finland and Italy were the most consistent recipients of
Rumanian petroleum products. In 1952 and 1953, Belgium, Sweden,
the Netherlands, Norway, France, and Greece made their appearance
as significant importers. At various times during the 7-year
period, Turkey, Egypt, the UK, Austria, Syria, and Lebanon were
engaged in petroleum trade with Rumania -- but rarely in signifi-
cant quantities for more than a year.
Only in 1949 were the exports of the USSR larger than those
of Rumania. In the years from 1947 through 1950,* shipments to
the Free World from the USSR fluctuated between a high of about
* See Appendix A, Table 27, p. 40, below.
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112,000 tons in 1949 and a low of about 70,000 tons in 1950. Since
1950, considerable increases in exports have been registered,aELlthough
the percentage increases were not as great as in the case of liumani.a.
The year 1951 was 85 percent greater than 1950, and 1952 and 1953
were 110 percent and 93 percent, respectively, greater than tae
preceding years. In 1953, Soviet shipments to the Free World reached
almost 520,000 tons.
Through 1950, distillates made up at least 93 percent of
Soviet exports, with lubricants completing the balance. Since 1950,
both crude oil and fuel oil have been exported by the USSR, resulting
in a decline in the relative importance of the lighter products. In
1951. and 1952, exports of distillates dropped to below 20 percent of
the total Soviet exports. This trend was reversed in 1953, however,
when gas and diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosine made up slightly
more than 50 percent of the total Soviet shipments to the Free World.
The USSR customarily shipped to Finland, Italy, and
Afghanistan during the period under consideration. More recently,
Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, and West Germany
have become recipients of petroleum and petroleum products from the
USSR.
Exports to the Free World from the Soviet Zone of Austria
have about tripled since 1947.* In every year except 1953 all these
exports were in the form of allocations to the Free Austrian
authorities for use by the local economy of the whole of Austria.
In 1953, West Germany and Switzerland each received small amounts
of gas and diesel oil and fuel oil.
East Germany has always shipped gasoline and diesel oil to
West Germany, and small quantities of distillate fuel oil to Sweden.
It is believed that at least part of the shipments to Sweden was on
the Polish account under the Swedish-Polish Trade Agreement.**
Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland* have in the past shipped
limited amounts of petroleum products to Switzerland, Italy,
Yugoslavia, Austria, Sweden, and the Netherlands. As far as is
known, however, there has been no trade between these countries
since 1951, and only negligible quantities were exported in that
year.
* See Appendix A. Table 28, p. 41, below.
See Appendix A, Table 29,p. 44, below.
X** See Appendix A, Tables 30, 31, and 32, pp. 46, 49, and 50,
respectively, below.
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B. Imports from the Free World to the Soviet Bloc.
Imports from the Free World to the Soviet Bloc dropped
steadily from almost 2.3 million tons in 1947 to 15,000 tons in
1953, a reduction of about 99 percent. Imports of crude oil and
petroleum products by the Soviet Bloc from the Free World in
1947.53 are shown in Table 4.
Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by the Soviet Bloc from the Free World
by Destination a/
1947-53
Thousand Metric Tons
Year
C ommuni7t
China 1/*
Czecho-
slovakia ?/
Poland
USSR 4/
Others
Total
1947
2,000
106
43
131
5
2
285
1948
1,398
121
61
3
5
,
1
588
1949
700
72
4o
b/
5
,
817
1950
200
b/
J
5
205
1951
150
b/
155
1952
50
b
5
55
1953
10
5
15
a. See Appendix A, Tables 26 through 32, pp. 39-51, below.
b. Negligible. While Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the USSR are known
to have received small quantities of petroleum products by clandestine
means, the exact amounts are unknown.
Of the countries importing from the Free World, Communist
China was the most important, accounting for more than 85 percent of
the total each year. The USSR, Czechoslovakia, and Poland accounted
for 6 percent, 5 percent, and 2 percent of imports, respectively, in
1947. In 1948 and 1949, Czechoslovakia and Poland continued to
For serially numbered source references, s.ee Appendix D.
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import appreciable amounts of petroleum. After 1949, Communist China
became the only country of the Soviet Bloc receiving crude oil or
petroleum products from the Free World in significant, even though
small, quantities.
The principal petroleum products imported by the Soviet Bloc
from the Free World in 1947-53 are shown in Table 5.*
All crude oil imports came from Iran, Saudi Arabia, and
Venezuela, and were utilized by the refineries of Poland and
Czechoslovakia. Well over half; of the imported crude oil went, to
Czechoslovakia for processing. With the exception of small quantities
of lubricants imported from theNetherlands, virtually all of the
Soviet Bloc imports of petroleum products originated in the US and
the UK.
The Soviet Zone of Austria was the only area in the Soviet
Bloc that supplied important quantities of crude oil to the other Bloc
countries during 1953. The movement of crude oil within the Soviet
Bloc in 1953 is shown in Table 6** and in Figure 2.
Of the 1.55 million tons of antra-Bloc movements of crude
oil in 1953, about 1.4 million tons, more than 90 percent, originated
in the Soviet Zone of Austria. Compared to the 1952 Austrian ship-
ments of slightly more than l.lmillion tons, this represents an
increase of about 24 percent.
East Germany was the recipient of 31 percent of the 1953
exports from the Soviet Zone of Austria -- practically all of which
went by rail through the Czechoslovak-German border-crossing point
of Bad Schandau. 5/ In addition, 16 percent of the total crude oil
exports from the Soviet Zone of'Austria went to Poland by way of
Czechoslovakia through Marchegg in Austria and Devinska Nova Ves on
the Czechoslovak side of the border. J It is believed that most of
the crude oil consigned to Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR was
Table 5 follows on p. 15.
Table 6 follows on p. 16.
Following p. 16.
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Table 5
Principal Petroleum Products Imported by the Soviet Bloc
from the Free World a/
19+7-53
Year
Crude Oil
Gasoline
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel
Oil
Fuel Oil
Lubricants
Total
1947
97
466
297
1,170
166
89
2, 285
194+8 c/
159
256
107
896
100
70
1,588
194+9 j
112
126
56
4+4+7
50
26
817
1950
Negligible
60
60
72
8
5
205
1951
0
4+5
4+5
54+
6
5
155
1952
0
15
15
18
2
5
55
1953
0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
15 J
a. See Appendix A, Tables 26 through 32, PP. 39-51, below.
b. In 1950-53, additional small unknown quantities of lubricants were imported by Communist China.
c. No information is available on Polish imports of petroleum products after 194+7, but they are believed
to be negligible.
d. No information is available on Czechoslovak .imports of petroleum products after 194+8, but they are
believed to be negligible.
e. No breakdown by product is available.
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carried down the Danube on barges. The crude oil destined for
Czechoslovakia was unloaded at the port of Bratislava, and that
consigned to Hungary was discharged at Szony. The petroleum shipped
to the USSR probably went all the way to Reni. J
Table 6
Movement of Crude Oil within the Soviet Bloc
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Country of Origin
Destination
Albania
Soviet Zone
of Austria
Hungary
Rumania
Total
Czechoslovakia 8
J
0
230
0
0
230
East Germany 9/
0
440
13
21
474
Hungary 10/
0
20
0
0
320
Poland 117
82
33
15
0
330
USSR 1_2
0
200
0
0
200
82
1,423
28
21
1,554
Of the three remaining exporters of crude oil in the Soviet
Bloc, Albania was the largest. All of the crude oil exports of Albania
were sent by Free World tankers from Vlone to Poland. Hungary was first
reported to have shipped crude oil to East Germany in June 1953 These
shipments were dispatched by tank car from Bak, near the oil fields
in southwestern Hungary. 13 Hungarian shipments to Poland were made
under existing trade agreements, probably by rail. Rumania was first
reported to have shipped crude oil to East Germany on 11 August 1953.
The shipment was composed of 18 tank cars consigned to an East German
synthetic refinery. 14 Since that date, reports of such a movement
have been received regularly.
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SECRET
EAST
AUSTRIA
DESTINATION
EAST GERMANY
21
POLAND
CZECH ISLOIVAKIA
230
MOVEMENT OF CRUDE OIL WITHIN
THE SOVIET BLOC
1953
(Thousands of Metric Tons)
EAST GERMANY
440
SECRET
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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320
233 00
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2. Petroleum Products.
Intra-Bloc exports of petroleum products from Soviet Bloc
countries in 1952 and 1953 are shown in Table 7.
Table 7
Intra-Bloc Exports of Petroleum Products
from Soviet Bloc Countries
1952-53
Country of origin
1952 L/
1953 a/
Percent Change
Czechoslovakia
10
10
0
Hungary
400
409
f 2
Rumania
4,325
4,777
*10
Soviet Zone
of Austria
460
383
-17
East Germany
396
333
-16
USSR
1,103
1,042
- 5
Total
6,694
6,954
4 4
a. See Tables 9 through 11+, pp. 20-25, below.
Shipments of petroleum products within the Soviet Bloc
rose 4 percent in 1953 over 1952. The most significant increase
was registered in Rumania. The 16-percent drop in East German,
exports since 1952 can be explained by increased requirements at
home, revisions in production schedules resulting in failure to
meet export commitments, and cancellation of contracts by the
USSR. The 17-percent drop in exports of petroleum pr.oductS froth
the Soviet Zone of Austria was probably the result of the simul-
taneous increase in exports of crude oil. The drop in the case
of the USSR was due to a decrease in shipments to China.
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The movement of petroleum products within the Soviet
Bloc in 1953 is shown in Table 8* and in Figure 3.**
Rumania, with nearly 70 percent of the total exports,
is the most important supplier of petroleum products to the rest of
the Soviet Bloc. The USSR, source of about 15 percent of the
exports, is the second largest -- followed by Hungary, the Soviet
Zone. of Austria, and East Germany. The USSR and Communist China
are the recipients of most of the intra-Bloc shipments, with nearly
70 percent and 14 percent, respectively.
a. Rumania.
The Soviet Zone of Austria and East Germany are the
only important areas in the Soviet Bloc that do not import petro-
leum products from Rumania. Of the nearly 4.8 million tons of
Rumanian exports, it is estimated that Rumania shipped almost
4.3 million tons, about 90 percent, to the USSR in 1953? This was
an approximate increase of 15 percent over 1952. There is no
available information which would permit a complete breakdown by
products of the estimated exports to the USSR. No breakdown by
products is available for 3 million tons of petroleum products that
are estimated to have been sent to the USSR by tanker from Con-
stanta. 16 It is possible that a part of these Rumanian shipments
to the USSR may have continued on by rail to Communist China. 17/
It is probable that the bulk of the petroleum trade
of Rumania with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary was carried
on the Danube River, with considerably smaller amounts going by
rail. The shipments to Albania and Poland were carried in chartered
Free World tankers, and those to Communist China in Soviet Bloc
tankers, from Constanta. Exports of petroleum products from Rumania
to other Soviet Bloc countries in 1952-53 are shown in Table 9.***
Information on shipments from the USSR to the other
countries of the Soviet Bloc is very limited. It is believed that,
in addition to reported exports, there were small shipments of
aviation fuels and lubricants to East Germany and Albania. The
evidence, however, is too fragmentary to permit estimates. Exports
of petroleum products from the USSR to other Soviet Bloc countries
in 1952-53 are shown in Table 10.****
* Table 8 follows on p. 19.
Following p. 18.
*** Table 9 follows on p. 20.
*xX* Table 10 follows on p. 21.
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SECRET
EAST AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
BULGARIA
110
BULGARIA 1
CZECHOSLOVAKIA 11
HUNGARY 7
fl P01Mb
G2
EAST
GERMANY 8 ,RUMANIA 5
POLAND
60
HUNGARY USSR
I POLAND 145 22 383
MOVEMENT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
WITHIN THE SOVIET BLOC
1953
(Thousands of Metric Tons)
I I I I I I I I
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Movement of Petroleum Products
within the Soviet Bloc a/
Country of Origin
Destination
Rumania
USSR
Soviet Zone
of Austria
Hungary
East Germany
Czechoslovakia
Total
Albania
28
0
0
0
0
0
28
Bulgaria
200
40
0
0
1
10
251
Czechoslovakia
130
0
190
0
11
0
331
East Germany
0
0
0
8
0
0
8
Hungary
10
1
26
0
7
0
44
Poland
106
25
145
60
62
0
398
Rumania
0
22
0
5
0
0
27
USSR
4,277
0
22
336
252
0
4,887
Communist China
26
954
0
0
0
0
980
Total
4,777
1,042
383
409
333
10
6,954
a. See Tables 9 through 14, pp. 20,25, below.
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Exports of Petroleum Products from Rumania
to Other Soviet Bloc Countries
1952-53
1953
1952
Destination Total
Gas and Diesel
Gasoline Kerosine Oil Fuel Oil Lubricants Total
Albania 18/
40,000
10,326
3,410
12,696
o
1,550
27,982
Bulgaria 19/
210,000
53,600
42,000
93,400
o
11,000
200,000
Czechoslovakia 20/
200,00-0
10,.0oo
30,000
6,000
84,000
0
130,000
Hungary 21/
15,000
0
4,000
1,000
1,000
4,ooo
10,000
Poland 22
120,000
28,500
21,325
47,537
8,150
0
105,512
USSR 23
720,000
3
943,000 a/
0
333,600
0
0
4,276,600
Communist China 24/
,
20,000
7,606
18,000
0
o
0
25,606
tal
T
000
4
325
032
1
053
118,735
494,233
93,150
16,550
4,775,700 b
o
,
,
,
,
a. Include 12,000 tons of gasoline and 9, 00 tons of diesel oil shipped to 7e ovTe ar ast y a ers rom
the Black Sea.
b. Includes an estimated 3 million tons shipped by tanker from Constanta to the USSR for which no breakdown by
products is available.
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Table 10
Exports of Petroleum Products from the USSR
to Other Soviet Bloc Countries
1952-53
Destination
1952 25
1953
Bulgaria 26
40
40
Hungary 27
1
1
Poland 2W
25
25
Rumania 29/
22
22
Communist China a/
1,015
954
1,103
1,042
a. Estimated from .10J.
Probably includes
unknown quantities of crude oil.
c. Hungary.
The third largest Soviet Bloc exporter of petroleum
products in 1953 was Hungary with nearly 410,000 tons. Exports of
petroleum products from Hungary to other Soviet Bloc countries in
1953 are shown in Table 11.*
About 82 percent of Hungarian shipments to other
Soviet Bloc countries were destined for the USSR. It is believed
that the majority of the exports to the USSR were shipped on barges
down the Danube River to Reni. All of the products were in the
distillate category, and nearly half are reported to be gas or
diesel oil. It is probable that some of the gasoline is straight-
run aviation-base stock. Of the remaining recipients of Hungarian
petroleum products, Poland, the only one of any consequence, accounts
for about 15 percent of the total exports. These products were
moved by rail. Of the almost negligible amounts estimated to have
been shipped to East Germany and Rumania, those to East Germany are
probably transported by rail and those to Rumania by barge on the
Danube.
* Table 11 follows on p. 22.
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Exports of Petroleum Products from Hungary
to Other Soviet Bloc Countries
1953
Destination
Gasoline
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel
Oil
Fuel Oil
Lubricants
Total
Poland 31/
37,000
13,200
9,800
0
0
6o,ooo
Rumania 32./
1,330
2,200
1,470
0
0
5,000
USSR
79,600
91,000
165,400
0
0
336,000
East Germany 34/
0
0
0
6,000
2,100
8,100
Total
117,930
106,400
176,670
6,000
2,100
409,100
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About 98 percent of the exports of Hungary fell within
the distillate range. The only residuals were shipped to East Germany.
It was reported that 6,000 tons of "heating oil" were to be sent to
Germany by rail during the last quarter of 1953, and that the first
trainload was dispatched in October. 35
In 1953 the Soviet Zone of Austria supplied --
principally by way of the Danube -- an estimated 383,000 tons of
petroleum products to the other countries of the Soviet Bloc. About
70 percent of this total was distillates and 30 percent residuals.
Exports of petroleum products from the Soviet Zone of Austria to
other Soviet Bloc countries in 1953 are shown in Table 12.*
Czechoslovakia and Poland were the major importers
of petroleum products from the Soviet Zone of Austria. Czechoslovakia
imported nearly one-half of the total exports and Poland, almost
40 percent. Poland was the principal importer of gasoline, kerosine,
and gas and diesel oil. Czechoslovakia was the recipient of more than
90 percent of the shipments of fuel oil -- possibly for further
processing in the Czechoslovak refineries.
e. East Germany.
Exports of petroleum products from East Germany to the
other Soviet Bloc countries in 1953 are shown in Table 13.*
The USSR received more than 75 percent of the 1953
exports of East Germany, and Poland, almost 19 percent. As far as is
known, the USSR was the only country to which aviation gasoline was
shipped in 1953. Aviation gasoline and jet fuel together made up
45 percent of the estimated Soviet imports from East Germany. Of the
total estimated exports to other Soviet Bloc countries, 99 percent
was in the distillate range. It is believed that the railroads
transported most of the shipments from the area.
* Tables 12 and 13 follow on p. 24.
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Exports of Petroleum Products from the Soviet Zone of Austria
to Other Soviet Bloc Countries
1953
Destination
Gasoline
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel
Oil
Fuel Oil
Lubricants
Total
Czechoslovakia 36
17,800
0
68,4oo
103,000
400
189,600
Hungary 37
1,000
0
14,800
10,400
0
26,200
Poland 37
23,000
27,000
95,000
0
0
145,000
USSR 39
1,700
20,300
0
0
0
22,000
Total
43,500
47,300
178,200
113,400
400
382,800
Table 13
Exports of Petroleum Products from East Germany
to Other Soviet Bloc Countries 40/
1953
Aviation
Motor
Destination
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
Gasoline
Diesel Fuel
Lubricants
Total
Bulgaria
0
0
0
0
620
620
Czechoslovakia
0
0
10,000
1,000
0
11
000
Hungary
0
0
0
6,9oo
100
,
7
000
Poland
o
I ,non
iv,vvv
10
,
UG,V1V
USSR
94,000
20,000
31,000
105,000
2,000
252,000
Total
94,000
21,000
92,000
122,900
2,730
332,630
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S-E-C-R-E.T
f. Czechoslovakia.
Czechoslovakia engaged in intra-Bloc exportation of
petroleum products in 1953 to some degree -- an estimated total of
10,000 tons was shipped to Bulgaria. Czechoslovak exports of
petroleum products to Bulgaria in 1953 are shown in Table 14.
Table 14
Exports of Petroleum Products
from Czechoslovakia to Bulgaria
1953
Product
Quantity
Gasoline
1,000
Lubricants
9,000
10,000
Czechoslovak shipments to Bulgaria were transported
on the Danube River in barges to Ruse in Bulgaria. Although there is
no evidence of any other exports, it is possible that some may have
been made to the USSR.
S-E-C.R-E-T
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX A
STATISTICAL TABLES
Imports and exports of petroleum products by the countries of the
Soviet Bloc are shown in Tables 15 through 32.
Table 15
Imports of Petroleum Products
by Albania a/ 41/
1936-37-
1936
Italy
Rumania
Belgium
US
Others
Total
Gasoline
5,873
2
5,875
Kerosine
2,264
2,264
Gas and
Diesel Oil
1,554
1,554
Lubricants
43
138
82
17
280
Total
9,734
140
82
17
9,973
Gasoline
530
3,043
3,573
Kerosine
2,243
2,243
Gas and
Diesel Oil
19
1,797
1,816
Lubricants
78
91
ill
28
308
Total
627
7,083
91
111
28
7,940
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
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 Approved For Release I 999/Qe Qj .RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
Table 16
Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Austria a/ 42/
1936?37
1936
US
Germany
Poland
East Indies
Mexico
Italy
Netherlands
West Indies
Other
Total
Crude Petroleum
171
594
171,594
Gasoline
,
57,763
54
169
155
71
490
46
14
58,762
Kerosine
17,118
2,075
1
1,521
11
20,726
Gas and Diesel
Oil
788
26
4,750
3,801
10
157
373
35,879
Fuel Oil
,
79,432
4,503
5
83,940
Lubricants
61
4,996
314
283
18
1
1,116
6,789
Total
352,756
11,382
5,166
469
5,676
49o
56
18
158
1,519
377,690
1937
Crude Petroleum
946
38
1,492
2,252
26,813
36,353
105,856
Gasoline
,
42,610
2,563
9,325
58
1,608
3,477
10,958
9,512
1,363
3
81,477
Kerosine
12,509
2,668
2,882
1,728
1,535
14,150
2,791
747
39,010
Gas and Diesel
Oil
Fuel Oil
40,794
11,080
X49
395
52,418
Lubricants
8
5,657
1,060
250
74
695
7,744
t
l
T
134
867
803
17
116
20
118
1
3 586
5,012
10,958
50,698
40,902
1,445
286,505
a
o
,
,
,
,
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
S E-C-RE-T
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 17
Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Bulgaria a/ L3/
1936-37
1936
Rumania
Germany
Turkey
US
Others
Total
Crude Oil
22,466
22,466
Gasoline
4,715
48
4,763
Kerosine
21,183
21,183
Gas and
Diesel Oil
21,278
21,278
Lubricants
3,580
874
1,125
147
110
5,836
Total
73,222
922
1,125
147
110
75,526
Crude Oil
19,451
19,451
Gasoline
10,442
14
15
10,471
Kerosine
29,454
258
29,712
Gas and
Diesel Oil
20,912
357
21,269
Lu
bricants
6,117
1,439
230
356
245
8,387
Total
86,376
12453
230
356
875
89,290
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
-29-
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 Approved For Release 1999/0c-C4ARDP79-01093A000900010005-4
Table 18
Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Czechoslovakia a/ Lj
1936-37 -
1936
Rumania
Poland
US
Germany
Others
Total
Crude Oil
104,053
35,965
24,835 b/
164,853
Gasoline
135,689
44,250
673
78
198
180,888
Kerosine
1,316
1
1,317
Gas and
Diesel Oil
18,906
18,139
37,045
Fuel Oil
65
1,154
1,137
80
2,436
Lubricants
16
2,026
10,925
3,115
761
16,843
Total
260,045
64,415
48,718
4,330
25,874
403,382
1937
Crude Oil
170,408
24,604
29,095
224,107
Gasoline
129,591
37,311
3
199
63
167,167
Kerosine
1,214
2
1,216
Gas and
Diesel Oil
37,157
6,714
43,871.
Fuel Oil
1
1,890
1,411
213
3,515
Lubricants
76
1,598
13,837
4,222
354
20,087
Total
3.38,446
45,624
40,336
5,832
29,725
459,963
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
b. Crude oil imported from Colombia in South America.
- 30 -
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S E=C R-E-T
Table 19
Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products by German, a,. 45
1936-37
Netherlands Netherlands British
119936 Numanie West I.die. US East Indies USSR Iran Peru UK Mexico Netherlands Belgium Poland Malaya Czechoslovakia Venezuela Estonia Others Total
Crude Oil 28,042 122,000 345,560 60,730 7,513 563845
Gasoline 567,294 278,588 161,176 90,706 72,941 54,471 29,882 26,471 20,235 14,353 4,235 3,059 1,176 118 1,324,705
Kerosine 33,636 8,182 1,169 17,792 1,299 1,948 64,026
Gas and Diesel 011 222,400 256,400 334,800 441,733 23,867 48,933 4,000 5,867 6,267 267 400 400 1,045,334
Fuel 011 9,692 361,231 17,846 388,769
I,br1cants 11,286 142,857 146,857 81,857 1,143 143 571 857 715 386,286
Total 872.350 1,047,258 8~3 848 90z706 13 4.323 79,637 78,815 331562 365,795 10,645 3,897 1,176 61,130 8,746 3,772,965
1937
C_ja Geso1 011 247,776 18,000 43,765 106,941 9,059 324 1,k]2 352 1,765 1,529 1~i8,905 1,058,2834
Gasoline 347,882 233,765 152,353 129,529
Gasoaiae 3,208 92,636 2,987 400 48,571
41,600 5,600 5,600 9,067 400 533 1,152,400
Gee end Diesel 011 103,200 292,000 395,E 203,333 95,467
Fuel O11 53,538 17,231 294,462 5,846 2,154 32,000 154 405,385
Inbrice to 11,857 155,E 173,571 70,143 1,571 286 714 1,286 1,001 415,429
Total 518,425 724,401 986,131 423,991 294,463 145,078 148,541 i 336,199 7,012 9,705 2,879 11,529 1,686 148,905 312 000 1,688 803? 1.017
Table 20
Exports of Petroleum Products from Germng9 s/ =J
1936-37
Italian
1136 Africa Sweden UK Denmark Switzerland No Finland Netherlands Czechoslovakia India US Australia Austria Sam Ee1g1~mm Italy Others Total
Gasoline 12,588 11,529 6,706 4,235 1,765 1,765 1,765 1,176 235 235 1,413 43,412
Kerosine 1,169 1,169
Gas and Diesel Oil 1,600 10,933 12,533
Fuel oil 923 4,154 23,385 21,538 50,000
Ixbrioants 9,143 22,857 4,571 2,571 2,571 5,857 8,143 5,571 4,430 4,286 3,571 2,430 2,000 1,143 571 23,285 103,000
Total 12,588 2 1 33,717 8,806 4,336 4,336 7,622 32,704 5,806 4.430 4 286 3.571 2,665 2,000 1,143 5M1 58338 210,114
1937
Gasoline 2,235 2,823 2,588 1,059 706 235 118 1,294 1,295 12,353
130 130
Kerosine
Ces and Diesel 011 4,000 16,533 20,533
Fuel Oil 1,077 462 1,539
Inbriomte 12,429 18,429 3,429 3,143 2,857 4,571 7,857 7,143 8,143 2,286 4,000 1,714 2,000 2,000 714 25,571 106,286
Total 2,235 19.252 19,506 6.017 41202 3,563 4,571 7,857 IX-8 8143 2286 4- 1,832 2,000 2 000 2 008 43991 140,841
S-E-C-R-E-T
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 Approved For Release I 999/(9 JR _,Py -RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
by Hungary 47/
1936-37
1936 Rumania
US
Germany
Austria
Italy
UK
Poland
Others
Total
Crude Oil 238,277
238,277
Gasoline 2,000
1
200
73
2,274
Gas and
Diesel Oil 104
118
98
14
334
Fuel Oil 12,868
12,868
Lubricants 295
1,986
798
126
103
202
199
3
3,712
Total 253,544
2,105
896
326
117
202
199
76
257,465
1937
Crude Oil 237,630
237,630
Gasoline 2,108
1
168
10
2,287
Gas and
Diesel Oil 132
158
321
15
15
641
Fuel Oil 34,733
34,733
Lubricants 584
2,705
723
58
164
192
166
9
,
Total 275,187
2,863
1,045
226
179
192
181
19
279,892
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
- 32 -
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S-E-C -R-E -T
Exports of Petroleum Products from Poland J L8/
1936-37
Danzig
1
36
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Yugoslavia
German
Switzerland
Sweden
and ,/
Gdynia J
UK
Others
Total
2
Gasoline
71
44,287
473
10
3,091
88
92
7,806
55,918
Kerosine
1,201
17,973
3
743
1,024
15
6,909
31+9
28,217
Gas and Diesel Oil
4,083
10
30
8,087
8,219
20,429
Fuel Oil
121
1
5
70
55
252
Lubricants
252
1,983
377
972
600
91
250
28,796
348
33,669
Total
5,728
64,254
850
1,020
4,434
9,360
357
51,785
697
138,485
1937
Gasoline
1,488
37,104
332
20
1,622
80
50
6,624
136
47,456
Kerosine
1,865
6,536
24
195
6o
1,767
42
10,489
Gas and Diesel Oil
7,390
15
1,224
1,181
7,498
17,308
Fuel oil
98
10
44
250
402
Lubricants
423
1,628
13
652
586
36
389
12,956
1,983
193
18,859
Total
264
11
45
268
345
21
3,627
1,401
439
29,095
2,161
193
94,514
,
,
,
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
b. Probably shipped to these ports for forwarding to unknown destination and/or use by Polish and foreign ships.
S-E-C-R-E-T
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S-E-C -R-E-T
Table 23
Exports of Crude Oil and. Petroleum Products from Rumania J y
1936-37
Austria
Belg ,mm
DIlgaria
Czechoslovakia
Crude Oil
ammany
Gasoline
104
010
Kerosine
48,342
14,915
294,771
224,685
,
66,968
19,309
78,622
349,875
410
538
078
6,446
30,322
73,758
5,646
628,585
Gas and Diesel Oil
Fuel Oil
21,201
30,922
224,458
99
683
31,288
543
97
22,778
14
21,691
39 124
4,
112,599
46,857
13,133
29,626
346,235
818
34
,
152,583
242
2
2
21,564
18,794
23,010
65,086
30,713
32,230
25,681
12,470
11,373
20,427
17,442
499
20,486
24
441
38,620
73,441
290,243
223
519
2,020,307
1
146
827
Lubricants
`
,
2,673
,
1
919
,971
180
4,037
2,188
114 784
,
60,100
74,698
,
9
120,159
9,761
41,390
29,165
289
126,632
432,105
1
828
14,444
19,747
922
450
10,930
4
7,521
2,577
3
44,844
,
22,263
38,387
5,346
48,931
,
255,006
582,752
,
,
1,181,746
1,764,566
11
80
846,270
338,781
75,160
71,497
1
,
103
837
476
7,262
37,206
121,381
866,1
22
1.06 3,283
66,279
1_06414
240,572
1,364,428
6.779.237
Crude Oil
Gasoli
9,571
988
22
142
774
ne
24,576
231,450
562
35
28
843
,
11
0
8
,
156,501
Kerosine
985
6
149
452
,
1
,
,
3
58,128
12
29
314
314
2
77
8
4
4
4
Gas and Diesel 011
Fuel oil
,
25,020
,
173,608
5,011
3,384
2,843
15,121
33,953
20,503
57,703
980
3
149,078
8
12,2
91
,
4
E
888,292948
52,894
30
626
42,752
41
366
42,172
40
64
1,029
6
6,640
44,737
121,.1$1
19,216
,
57
47,562
5
267,519
72,
03
1,737,138
Lubricants
104,312
25,501
27,592
101
5,185
278
469
3,816
,
2,712
165
668
,
2,591
21,405
4
6,
48,457
42,996
9,480
12
021
,
101,123
63,566
,
93,553
370,764
,
5
20,613
23,968
2,7
5
5,412
2,211
15,003
5,661
1,920
17,260
8,218
14,632
86,174
10,457
10,866
8,643
80,997
9,518
58,861
169,133
230,057
546
307
952,321
897,340
1
188
454
Total
J-60,893
580,012
91`
52.270
92,747
265,462
,
539
3,784
1,435
123
198
483
714
,
8,591
,
,
34,839
The absence of Figures - any column in this table indicstes er..
62,195
230.205
9.665
275,509
1,240,661
5,548,030
-35-
S-E..C-R-E=T
Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
 Approved For Release `1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S-E-C-R E-T
Exports of Petroleum Products from the USSR a
50
1936-37
1936
UK
Germany
Italy
Spain
France
k
T
ur
ey
Egypt
Japan
Others
Total
Gasoline
K
148,570
72,900
16,4oo
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N
A
erosine
18,430
17,700
24,700
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.
.
N
A
Gas and Diesel Oil
F
l
146,600
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.
.
N
A
ue
oil
L
b
i
20,600
90,900
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.
.
N
A
u
r
cants
95,510
81,900
15,700
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.
.
N.A.
Total
283,110
319,100
147,700
112,800
367
200
22
800
300
53
219
00
1
4
,
,
,
,9
,1
0,030
2,666
ooo
,
Gasoline
K
i
173,110
18,000
6,200
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N
A
eros
ne
G
29,860
2,900
9,300
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.
.
N
A
as and Diesel oil
210,400
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N
A
.
.
N
A
Fuel Oil
b
L
i
24,615
40,800
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.
.
N.A.
.
.
N
A
u
r
cants
61,630
70,100
14,8oo
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.
.
N
A
.
.
Total
289,215
301,400
71,100
200
500
23
100
25
100
00
5
6
8
,
,
,
3,3
9
5,2
5
1,929,000
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S-E-C R-E-T
Imports of Petroleum Products by China 51/
1936-37
1936
1937
Gasoline
146,568
173,943
Fuel and Diesel Oil
344,379
531,278
Kerosine
340,313
191,780
Lubricants
35,573
33,426
Total
866,833
930,427
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000900010005-4
S=E=C R-E-T
Year Product FSnlmd 52 -It. ;y `L 33e1g.+m 54 Sweden
1947 Gasoline `x?7;866'
Kerosine 16,900
G. and Diesel Oil 9,600
Fuel oil 143
Inbricarha 571
Tota3. 3
1948 Gasoline 5,647 2,101
Kerosine 3,627
Gas and Diesel Oil 99
Fuel 0ll
Iubricante
Total 5.647 5.827
1949 Gasoline 70,044
Kerosine 11,478 754
Gas sod Diesel Oil 7,972
Fuel oil
lubricant.
Total 89,494 5544
1950 Gasoline 41,761
Kerosine 4,844 1,861
Gas and Diesel oil 32,185
Fuel oil 44
Lubricants
Total 78.834 1,861
1951 Gasoline 95,371
Kerosine 7,857
Gas end Diesel Oil 6,315
Fuel Oil 62,286
Inbricauts
Total 171,829 7,971
1952 Gasoline 207,390
Kerosine 3,552
Gas and Diesel Oil 23,019
Fuel 0dl 106,038 206,020 47,432 20,137
lubricants
1953 crude oil
Gasoline 149,158
Kerosine 50,706
Gas aM Diesel Oil 142,393
Foal oil 214,919 390,975 87,516 146,787 47.925 126,929 19,654
Lubricaats
1,000
16,000
Syria
UK J AustrFree , ad
ia Leb ron J Denmark others J Total
94,118 775 104,047
16,900
1 9,601
143
571
112914 94,11s 3Z6 136,669
J
2,353 24,577 471 35,149
3,627
471 9,720 1,076 11,267
222 222
2,924 9,720 25,875 99,264
18,799 88,843
12,232
69 7, 69
1,218 1,218
-,086 130,334
565 42,326
6,705
32,185
44
71 71
3 81,33
8. The b.eace of figures in s w columt in this table indicates zero.
b. Includes 5 407 tons of petroleum products to Yugoslav,..
C. In Judea 4,900 tons of petroleim products to Yugcelsvia.
=39?
S-E-C-R-E-T
Experts of Petroleum Products to the Free world frc~ FLmenia aJ
1947-53
leods J Xbr-W 55V France Greece Turkey
1,294
155,673 23,870
2,100
95,371
7,857
6,315
24,244 274,044
2,100
385,687
207,390
3,552
23,019
379,627
9,900 9,900
2,000 151,158
2,712 73,416
143,393
850,705
91900 4,712 1,222 ,572
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Table 27
Exports of Petrolemu Products to the Free florid from the USSR W
10!17-.~
Year P oauct Finland ?YJ Italy Be1gi,mx Nethe~ e i Z?1 Svedsn U/ Iceland Norm
1947 Gaeol3.ne 12,111
Kerns 2,4711 847 2,840
Gas an esel Oi1 ,.,12;610
Fuel Oil
Lubrlc-t. 2,500 221
Total 29,091 1,068 2,840
1948 Gasoline 32,282
Kerosine 5,331 903
Gas and Diesel Oil 8,303
Fuel Oil
Iubricauts 2,288 258
Total 481204 1,161
1949 Gasoline 70,653
Kerosine 4,918
Gas and Diesel Oil 16,382
Fuel 011
Lubricants 5,207
Syria
West
Germany Afghanistan II UK J Iba'a II Denmark Others Tel Total
4,000 43,000 700 59,811
1,000 260 7,417
13,600 25,610
2,721
5100 43490 260 13,600 951559
5,300 31,000 120 68,702
1,300 260 7,794
8,303
2,546
Total 97.160
1950 Gasoline 46,399
Kerosine 5,897
Gas and Diesel 011 3,995
Fuel Oil
lubricants 4,818
Total 61,109
1951 Crude Oil 28,798
Gasoline 6,120
Kerosine 5,160
Cas end Diesel Oil
Fuel Oil 73,809
lubricants 5,000
Total 16,280 102,607
1952 Crude Oil 184,223
Gasoline
Kerosine 6,945
Gas and Diesel Oil 23,620 11,300
Fuel Oil 31,353
Lubricants 2,360
Total 9,305 215,576 23,620 11.300
1953 Crude Oil 121,025 21,241
Gasoline 35,729 2,020 500
Kerosine 1,061
Cas and Diesel 011 42,681 34,800 63,871- 34,226 12,008 24,750
Fuel oil 501 673 71,254 10,000
Lubricants 3,240
Total 89,212 123,045 35,973 135,125 65,467
-40-
5,800 3,650
1,500
4,300
7,300 7.950
61400
1,6oo
7,000
1,700
7,500
1,900
8,990
2,000
S E-C-R-E-T
80,103
6,418
20,682
52,799
7,497
3,995
4,818
691-
28,798
13,120
6,860
73,809
5,000
127,587
184,223
7,500
8,845
34,920
2,3600
2691201
142,266
18,843 65,092
3,061
212,336
000
9,572 92'000
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Table 28
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from the Soviet Zone of Austria a/*
1947-53
Year
Product
Free West
Austrt . =! German
81 S
82
i
y
w
tzerland
Total
1947
Gasoline
42,200
42,200
Kerosine
38
600
,
38,E
Gas and Diesel Oil
68,100
68
100
Fuel oil
183,400
,
183
400
Lubricants
17
700
,
,
17,700
Total
350
000
,
350,000
1948
Gasoline
300
35
,
35,300
Kerosine
41,700
41
7.00
Gas and Diesel Oil
127,700
,
127,700
Fuel Oil
100,000
100
000
Lubricants
26,400
,
26,400
Total
331
100
,
331,100
1949
Gasoline
67,223
67,223
Kerosine
1+5
100
,
45,100
Gas and Diesel Oil
96
326
,
96,326
Fuel Oil
87
104
,
87,104
Lubricants
34
850
,
34,850
Total
330
603
,
330
603
,
Footnotes for Table 28 follow on p. 1+3. - 41
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Table 28
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from the Soviet Zone of Austria J
1947-53
(Continued)
t
Free West
81 Switzerland 82
German
i
t
A
Total
Year
Produc
y
r
us
a
1950
Gasoline
91,155
91,155
Kerosine
27,165
27,165
Gas and Diesel Oil
146,790
146,790
Fuel Oil
199,870
199,870
Lubricants
44,435
44,435
509,4i5
509,4i5
1951
Gasoline
164,500
164,500
Kerosine
39,500
39,500
Gas and Diesel Oil
186,700
186,700
Fuel Oil
389,700
38%700
Lubricants
42,800
42,800
823,200
823,200
1952
Gasoline
168,000
168,000
Kerosine
36,600
36,600
Gas and Diesel Oil
172,000
172,000
Fuel Oil
502,000
502,000
1.Q
)J_ nnn
926,600
926,600
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Table 28
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from the Soviet Zone of Austria
1947-53
(Continued)
Year
Product
Free
Austria
West 81
Germany
82
Switzerland
1953
Gasoline
187,500
187,500
Kerosine
24,000
24,000
Gas and Diesel Oil
200,000
3,332
5,500
208,832
Fuel Oil
550,000
6,031
2,000
558,031
Lubricants
54,000
54,E
1,015,500
9,363
7,500 b/
1,032,363
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
b. First shipments were received the end of November 1953. 83 Because of cutting of prices by
PetragTs competitors and a general drop in world market prices, Petrag reportedly broke its con-
tract with SMV.
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Table 29
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from East Germany
1947-53
Year
Product
West Germany 84/
Sweden $5/
Total
1947
Gasoline
Gas and Diesel Oil
Lubricants
Total
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
191+8
Gasoline
Gas and Diesel Oil
Lubricants
Total
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1949
Gasoline
N.A.
0
N.A.
Gas and Diesel Oil
N.A.
16,122
N.A.
Lubricants
N.A.
0
N.A.
Total
N.A.
16,122
N.A.
1950
Gasoline
33,633
0
33,633
Gas and Diesel Oil
29,965
4,000
33,965
Lubricants
7,611
0
7,611
7-,0n?.
7c 000
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Table 29
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from East Germany
1947-53
(Continued)
Year
Product
West Germany "/
Sweden 85/
Total
1951
Gasoline
5,699
0
5,699
Gas and Diesel Oil
2,315
155
2,470
Lubricants
0
0
0
Total
8,014
155
8,169
1952
Gasoline
22,919
9
22,919
Gas and Diesel Oil
3,240
12,000 J
15,240
Lubricants
0
0
0
Total
26,159
12,000
38,159
1953
Gasoline
45,190
0
45,190
Gas and Diesel Oil
41,057
33,000
74,057
Lubricants
0
0
0
86,247
33,000
119,247
a. These shipments are made under the Swedish-Polish Trade Agreements, involving
50,000 tons to be shipped over a period of about 18 months to end 28 February 1954?
However, it is believed the shipments actually originate in the Soviet Zone of
Germany.
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Table 30
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Hungary a
1947-53
Year
Product
Switzerland 86/
Italy
y -
88/
Yugoslavia -
Fri'
Austria a 2 -
Total
1947
Gasoline
575
19,140
4
19,719
Kerosine
5,775
5,775
Gas and Diesel Oil
11,810
2
11,812
Fuel Oil
1190
910
1,060
Total
150
1,485
36,725
6
38,366
1948
Gasoline
N.A.
N.A.
Kerosine
N.A.
N.A.
Gas and Diesel Oil
500
N.A.
N.A.
Fuel Oil
9,700
N.A.
N.A.
Lubricants
126
N.A.
145
N.A.
Total
10,200
126
N.A.
145
N.A.
1949
Gasoline
Kerosine
2,000
2,947
4,947
Gas and Diesel Oil
1,000
1,000
Fuel Oil
14,000
14,000
Lubricants
14
125
139
Total
17,000
14
3,072
20,086
* Footnote for Table 30 follows on p. 48.
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Table 30
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Hungary J
19+7-53
(Continued)
Year
Product
Switzerland L6/ Italy 87 Yugoslavia $~
Free
Austria 89~
Total
1950
Gasoline
3,100
968
4,068
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel Oil
x+60
1+60
Fuel Oil
6,370
65370
Lubricants
232
232
Total
930
9
1,200
11,130
,
1951
Gasoline
37
37
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel Oil
Fuel Oil
Lubricants
60
60
97
97
1952 Gasoline
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel Oil
Fuel Oil
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Table 30
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Hungary a/
19+7-53
(Continued)
Metric Tons
Q~ / Free
Year Product Switzerland Italy 87/ Yugoslavia 88/ Austria 89 Total
1953 Gasoline
Kerosine
Gas and Diesel Oil
Fuel Oil
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
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Table 31
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Czechoslovakia
1947-53
Year
Product
Free Austria.)
Switzerland 91
Total
1947
1948
Gasoline
Kerosine
1,009
1,009
Total
1,009
1,009
1949
Gasoline
Kerosine
2,601
2,601
Total
2,601
2,601
1950
Gasoline
1,095
1,095
Kerosine
10
10
Lubricants
48
48
Total
1,143
10
1,153
1951
Gasoline
70
70
Total
70
70
1952
1953
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
49
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M-1-1 - on
1aV1G jc
Exports of Petroleu,, Products to the Free World
from Poland a/*
1947-53
Year
Products
Netherlands J
Italy./
Switzerland 94
Sweden 95/
Total
1947
Gasoline
Gas and Diesel Oil
1948
Gasoline
Gas and Diesel Oil
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Total
30
N.A.
14
N.A.
N.A.
1949
Gasoline
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
10,200
N.A.
Gas and Diesel Oil
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3,010
N.A.
Total
1,002
25
13,210
14,282
1950
Gasoline
N.A.
N.A.
184
N.A.
N.A.
Gas and Diesel Oil
N.A.
N.A.
8
N.A.
N.A.
Total
N.A.
N.A.
192
N.A.
N.A.
* Footnote for Table 32 follows on P- 51-
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Table 32
Exports of Petroleum Products to the Free World
from Poland
19+7-53
(Continued)
Year Products Netherlands 92/ Italy 93/ Switzerland 9 Sweden ~J Total
1951 Gasoline
Gas and Diesel Oil
1952 Gasoline
Gas and Diesel Oil
1953 Gasoline
Gas and Diesel Oil
a. The absence of figures in any column in this table indicates zero.
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APPENDIX B
METHODOLOGY
1. Prewar Data.
Prewar statistics were taken directly from official publications
of the various countries involved. It was considered impossible to
adjust these figures to account for postwar boundary changes; the
possible error introduced thereby would have impaired the validity
of the statistics. These data are believed to have a margin of
error of plus or minus 5 percent.
2. East-West Trade Data.
East-West trade statistics for the period from 1947 through
1950 were based largely on official statistics published in the
Free World countries. The estimates for the period from 1951
through 1953 were derived by means of a simple compilation of
reports of tanker movements out of the Black Sea. In addition,
the official statistical publications of the countries of
destination provided information on receipts by rail and other
means of transport. The estimates in this section are believed
accurate to within plus or minus 5 percent.
3. Intra-Bloc Trade Data (1953).
The estimates of crude oil exports (shown in Table 6*) from the
Soviet Zone of Austria and Hungary are all based directly on
regular monthly shipment reports. The exports by Albania to Poland
are a compilation of reported tanker movements out of Vlone. Crude
oil shipments from Rumania to East Germany were first reported on
11 August 1953. Reports have been received covering the remainder
of the year except a 32-day period from 19 September through 20
October. On the 110 days for which information is available, a
total of 1,252 tank cars of crude oil crossed into East Germany,
a daily average of 11.4 tank cars. It has been assumed that ship-
ments were made during the unreported 32-day period at the same rate.
Therefore, from 11 August to the end of the year, an estimated
1,620 tank cars carried crude oil into East Germany from Rumania.
l1 above.
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At the rate of 13 tons per tank car, about 21,000 tons of crude oil
were exported by Rumania to East Germany in 1953. The margin of error
of crude oil exports is probably plus or minus 10 percent.
Of the Rumanian exports shown in Table 9,* those to Albania, Poland,
and Communist China are direct tabulations of tanker shipments out of
Constanta through the Bosporus and are believed to have a margin of
error of plus 10 percent. Shipments to Czechoslovakia and Hungary
may have a margin of error as large as plus or minus 25 percent?
These estimates are based on reports on total petroleum shipments on
the Danube in 1951 and 1952. Since there is no information on such
shipments in 1953, it has been assumed that exports from Rumania to
these countries by this means were the same as in 1952. There are
indications of additional shipments by rail, but because the infor-
mation is not adequate no estimates of these have been made. The
figures listed for exports to Bulgaria are based on scattered
information on tanker shipments from Constanta to Burgas and
historical information on quantities sent to Ruse across the Danube
from Giurgiu. The actual shipments may be as much as 50 percent.
higher.
The figures in Table 9 on Soviet imports from Rumania are com-
posites of three separate and distinct estimates -- each representing
a medium of transportation. The first of these is the pipeline from
the Ploesti area to Reni in the USSR. A survey made soon after the
end of World War II indicated that the capacity of this line was
2,000 to 2,100 tons of gasoline per day. Assuming a utilization
factor of 98 percent and the lower figure of 2,000 tons,an estimated
71.5,000 tons of gasoline were shipped by this means to the USSR,,
The second route is by way of the Danube from Giurgiu to Reni.
Giurgiu is connected with the oil producing and refining region
around. Ploesti by both a rail line and a pipeline. A usually
reliable source stated that about 45,000 tons of Rumanian petroleum
products were moved by barge from Giurgiu to Reni each month, and
that about 40 percent was gasoline and 60 percent diesel fuel. This
indicates that approximately 216,000 tons of gasoline and 324,000
tons of diesel fuel were exported to the USSR by this route.
The third and most important means of export for petroleum
products was tanker shipments from Constanta to the Soviet Black Sea
ports. Information on this subject is very sketchy and conflicting.
Estimates of daily shipments range from about 10,000 tons to 38,000
tons a day. The most conservative was selected as the basis of an
? P. 20, above.
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estimate, since the larger would result in a export by this means
larger than Rumanian output and in excess of the capacity of the
port of Constanta. Information indicates that Soviet tankers with
a total capacity of 30,000 tons were in Constanta every 3 days to
take on oil destined for Odessa. It was estimated that these
tankers were laid up for 2 months during the year for maintenance,
repair, and other reasons. Based on these assumptions, an estimated
3 million tons were carried from Rumania to the USSR in 1953? It
is believed that the accuracy of total Rumanian exports to the USSR
ranges between minus 5 and plus 10 percent. The over-all margin of
error in total Rumanian exports to other countries of the Soviet
Bloc is plus 15 percent.
The estimates of Soviet shipments to the other countries of the
Soviet Bloc are taken directly from the sources cited. The margin
of error may range from zero to as much as plus 50 percent. It is
known, however, that the European Satellites received the major part
of their aviation fuels, aviation lubricants, and other specialty
products from the USSR.
In the tabulation of Hungarian exports (Table 11*) to the other
countries of the Soviet Bloc, the estimates of shipments to Poland
were based on trade agreements, actual shipments, and planned
increases. Petroleum products dispatched to Rumania were estimated
on the basis of known shipments on the Danube River as reported by
a usually reliable source. Exports to East Germany were the planned
shipments for 1953. A number of reliable reports indicate extensive
shipments of petroleum products from the petroleum basin at Csepel
to Reni. A usually reliable source states that in 1952 shipments
from the Vienna area averaged 55,000 tons a month. There is
evidence to support the assumption that a great deal of this actually
originated in Hungary and that shipments dropped off in 1953, prob-
ably because of the severe winter. In the light of what is known
of shipments from the Soviet Zone of Austria in 1953 and Hungarian
exports to the USSR on the Danube in 1951 and 1952, it has been
estimated that the latter averaged about 28,000 tons of petroleum
products a month. The margin of error of total Hungarian exports
is probably minus 25 percent.
The exports from the Soviet Zone of Austria shown in Table 12**
are a direct tabulation of reported monthly shipments by river and
rail to the countries of the Soviet Bloc. For shipments to Hungary,
Poland, and the USSR, figures for the whole year were available.
* P. 22, above.
** P. 24+, above.
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For shipments to Czechoslovakia, figures for only the last 6 months
of 1953 were available, and these were prorated on a 12-month basis.
The over-all figures for exports from the Soviet Zone of Austria are
believed to be correct to within plus or minus 5 percent.
East German exports in Table 13* are estimated on the basis of
figures for 7 months' accomplishment of the Plan expanded to an
annual basis. Czechoslovak shipments in Table 14** were estimated
to be approximately the same as those reported to have been .made on
the Danube River in 1952. The margin of error of both East German
and Czechoslovak exports is probably plus or minus 10 percent.
* above.
** P. 25, above.
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APPENDIX C
GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
The widest gaps in intelligence exist in the most critical area
in the problem of trade in crude oil and petroleum products
intra-Bloc trade. Specifically, there is little information on
exports from Rumania, the USSR,, Poland, and Hungary.
Although considerable information is available on both Rumanian
and Soviet shipments out of the Black Sea area through the Bosporus,
reliable reports of shipments to other Soviet Bloc countries by other
means of transportation are very scarce. A large apparent surplus
is created in Poland by its imports of crude oil and products, but
no information exists on the disposition of these imports after
reaching Poland. At least a portion must be re-exported, but it is
not known to what countries or in what quantities.
Intelligence on shipments from Rumania to the USSR is poor and
does not lend itself readily to the making of firm estimates.
Coverage of shipments to the European Satellites may be approached
from the importers' point of view, and -- although the situation is
better -- it still leaves much to be desired. Information on
Rumanian shipments to Bulgaria permits only very tenuous estimates.
The critical gap in intelligence on Soviet exports is believed
to be the shipments made by way of the Trans-Siberian Railroad to
Communist China. The quantity must be sizable, because coverage of
tanker movement from the Black Sea is good and the quantity exported.
by this means is nowhere near large enough to supply Communist China.
Exports from the USSR to the European Satellites are not adequately
covered, but these exports are not critical; the quantities involved
are believed to be relatively small.
Information on shipments on the Danube River from Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, and Rumania to the USSR is less than adequate. It is known
that by this means large quantities are received in Reni for trans-
shipment to the interior of the USSR, but intelligence on origin,
quantity, and type of product is scarce.
Coverage )r the exports from the Soviet Zone of Austria and
East Germany is considered to be good.
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APPENDIX D
SOURCE REFERENCES
The principal sources of information for the prewar trade were
official prewar publications of the countries of the present Soviet
Bloc. Information on Germany and the USSR came from US government
publications which, in turn, were based on official foreign language
publications. An over-all evaluation of RR B-2 is assigned to the
sources of the prewar figures.
The information on East-West postwar trade was compiled mainly
from Department of State and Department of the Interior documents.
These were based largely on official statistics, of foreign govern-
ments. These, and the three Department of the Navy documents used,
may be evaluated RR B-2, with the CIA sources receiving RR B-3.
The CIA sources used in estimating the intra-Bloc trade in
petroleum products are primaril plus a few 25X1A
previously published intelligence stu ies. ? is e ieved that an
over-all evaluation of B-3 may be assigned to these reports. In
the case of the State and Navy documents, the evaluation should. be
RR B-2,as reliable information is more readily available on the
geographic areas covered by these reports.
Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
"Eval.," have the following significance:
Doc. - Documentary
A - Completely reliable
B - Usually reliable
C - Fairly reliable
D - Not usually reliable
E - Not reliable
F - Cannot be judged
1
- Confirmed by other
sources
2
- Probably true
3
- Possibly true
4
- Doubtful
5
- Probably false
6
- Cannot be judged
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"Documentary" refers to original documents of foreign goveriunents
and organizations; copies or translations of such documents by a
staff officer; or information extracted from such documents by a
staff officer, all of which will carry the field evaluation "Docu-
mentary."
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on the
cited document; those designated "RR" are by the author of this
report. No "RR" evaluation is given when the author agrees with the
evaluation on the cited document.
1. CIA RR PR-17 (III B), The Importation, Distribution,
and Consumption of Petroleum Products in China and Man4churi&,
2 6Feb 1953. S.
2. State, Prague Report No. 34, 12 Apr 1949. C. Eval. RR 2.
State, Frankfurt Despatch No. 2628, 1 Apr 1952. C. Eviil. RR 2.
3. Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Poland,
1948, Warsaw, 1949. Eval. Doc.
CIA ORR, Project 18-51-I (WP), Soviet Bloc Total Trade with
Non-Bloc Countries, 1948-51, 21 Dec 1953. S.
4. NIS No. 2 , Supplement V, Section 6, Oct 1952, p. 6-6. S.
25X1A
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40.
25X1A
25X1A
du Royaume d'Albanie Annee 1936, Tirana, 1937,
pp. , 377-3 U. Eval. Doe.
Ibid., Annee 1937, PP- 7, 38, 91, 96. U. Eval. Doc.
42. Bundesministerium fuer Handel and Verkehr, Monatshefte der
Statistik des Aussenhandels4Oesterreichs, December 1937?
Vienna, 1938. U. Eval. Doc.
43. Direction Generale de la Statistique, Statistique du
Commerce Exterieure, Sofia, 1937, P? 37. U. Eval. Doc.
Direction Generale de la Statistique, Annuaire Statistique
du Royaume de Bulgarie, Sofia, 1942, PP- 526-527- U.
Eval. Doc.
44. Office de Statistique de la Republique Tchecoslovaque,
Commerce Exterieure de la Republique Tchecoslovaque en 1936,
Vol. II, Prague, 1937, -p-.72-. U. Eval. Doc.
Ibid., pp. 44-45.
45. Interior, US Bureau of Mines, International Petroleum Trade,
25 Feb 1935, pp. 37-40? U. Eval. RR 2.
46. Ibid.
4'7. Office Central Royal Hongrois de Statistique, Commerce
Exterieure de la Hongrie en 1936, Budapest, 1937, pp. 89,
92, 93- U. Eval. Doc.
Ibid., 1937, Pp- 74-76. U. Eval. Doc.
48. Kopalnictwo Naftowe w Polsce, Sprawozdanie Roczne, 123,
Warszawa-Boryslaw, Lwow, 1937, p. 317. U. Eval. Doc.
Ibid., 1937, Warszawa-Boryslaw, Lwow, 1938, P. 324. U.
Eval. Doe.
49. Ministerul Economiei Nationale, Institutul Central de
Statistica, Statistica Industrie Extractive, 1938, Bucharest
1940, p. 40. U. Eval. Doc.
50. State, OIR Report No. 2971, 1 Apr 1947, Russian Oil Ex3)ort
Marketing Policies in the Prewar Period. C. Eval. RR 2.
51? CIA RR PR-17 III-B , op. cit.
52 .
State, Helsinki Despatch No. 27, 10 Mar 19 9. C. Eval., RR 2.
Interior, op. cit., Vol. 19, No. 11, 30 Nov 1950, p. 183. U.
Eval. RR 2.
State, Helsinki Despatch No. 100, 10 Feb 1950. C. Ev?L1. RR 2.
State, Helsinki Despatch No. 140, 7 Mar 1950. U. Eval. RR 2.
State, Helsinki Despatch No. 75, 1 Aug 1950. C. Eval., RR 2.
25X1A
State, Helsinki Despatch No. 507, 31 Jan 1951. C. Eval. RR 2.
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25X1A
NATO, IWG, ID-25,Soviet Bloc Exports of Petroleum Products
to the Free World, 1 Mar 1954. S, US OFFICIALS ONLY.
530 interior, 22. 2-1t-) o , No. 7, 31 Jul 1949, pp. 150-151-
U. Eval. RR 2.
CIA ORR, Project 18-51-I (WP), op. cit.
NATO, IWG, ID-25, op. Cit.
54? NATO, IWG, ID-25, op. Cit.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid.
6o. Interior, op. cit., Vol. 17, No. 5, 31 Mar 1948, p. 93.
U. Eval. RR 2.
Ibid., Vol. 18, No. 4, 30 Apr 1949) p?93? U. Eval. RR 2.
State, Ankara Despatch No. 262, 18 Nov 1953? C. Eval. RR 2.
61. State, Cairo Despatch No. 1890, 12 Mar 1952. C. Eval. RR 2.
NATO, IWG, ID-25, op. cit.
62. Interior, off. cit., Vol. 18, No. 3, 31 Mar 1949, PP. 70-71-
U. Eval. RR 2.
25X1A
63. State, Vienna Despatch No. 125, 24 Feb 1954. C.
Eval. RR 2.
64. Interior, op. cit., Vol. 19, No. 7, 31 Jul 1950, p. 111.
U. Eval.RR 2.
25X1A
State, Helsinki Despatch No. 27, 10 Mar 1949. C.
Eval. RR 2.
Interior, op. cit., Vol. 19, No. 11, 30 Nov 1950, p. 183-
U. Eval. RR 2.
State, Helsinki Despatch No. 100, 10 Feb 1950. C.
Eval. RR 2.
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66
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State, Helsinki Despatch No.
140,
7 Mar 1950. U.
Eval. RR 2.
State, Helsinki Despatch No.
75,
1 Aug 1950. C.
Eval. RR 2.
State, Helsinki Despatch No.
507,
31 Jan 1951. C.
Eval. RR 2.
25X1A
25X1A
68.
tl VCS 1 1 W1'
V~l ? li 1 V., Y V l . i
U. Eval. RR 2.
NATO, IWG, ID-25, op. cit.
69. NATO, IWG, ID-25, op. cit.
70.
25X1A
25X1A
25X1A
72.
73?
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
25X1A
1949. 0. RR 2.
ate, Helsinki Despatch No. 27, 10 Mar T
U. Eval. RR 2.
State, Helsinki Despatch No.
State, Helsinki Despatch No.
State, Helsinki Despatch No.
State, Helsinki Despatch No.
Interior, 22. cit., Vol. 19, No. 11, 30 Nov 1950, p. 1B3.
NATO, IWG, ID-25, op. cit.
Interior, op. cit., Vol.
U. Eval. RR 2.
100,
10 Feb 1950.
C.
Eval. RR 2.
140,
7 Mar 1950.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
75,
1 Aug 1950.
C.
Eval. RR 2.
507,
31 Jan 1951.
C.
Eval. RR 2.
18, No. 10, 31 Oct 1949, p. 204.
NATO, IWG, ID-25, op. cit.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Interior, op. git.,
U. Eval. RR 2.
Ibid., Vol.
Ibid., Vol.
Ibid., Vol.
Ibid., Vol.
Ibid., Vol.
State
Vol. 20, No. 2, 28 Feb 1951, p. 27.
18,
No.
3,
31 Mar
1949, pp. 70-71.
U. Eval. RR 2.
19,
No.
3,
31 Mar
1950, p. 49.
U.
Eval. BR 2.
20,
No.
3,
31 Mar
1951, p. 44.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
19,
No.
7,
31 Jul
1950, p. 111.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
18,
No.
10,
31 Oct 1949, p. 204.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
Ankara Report No. 262, 18 Nov 1953.. Q. Eval. RR 2.
80. State, Vienna Despatch No. 1, 1 Jul 1952. S. Eval. RE 2.
FOA, TOMUS A-59, 14 Mar 1952, Vienna. U. Eval. RR 2.
FOA, TOMUS A-96, 11 Apr 1952, Vienna. U. Eval. RR 2.
FQA, TOMUS A-125, 28 Apr 1952, Vienna. U. Eval. RR 2.
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TOWS D-30,
lb Jun 1952, Vienna.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
,
FOA
TOMS D-35,
26 Jun. 1952, Vienna.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
,
FOA
TOMUS D-28,
20 Aug 1952, Vienna.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
,
FOA,
TOMUS D-42,
10 Sep 1952, Vienna.
U.
Eval. RR 2.
TOMUS D-45, 17 Sep 1952, Vienna.
FGA
U.
Eval. RR 2.
,
TOWS D-68, 31 Oct 1952, Vienna.
FOA
U.
Eval. RR 2.
L
IIICOA, Weekly Summar5No._48, 3-Jul 1953.
S. Eval. RR 2.
81.
82.
25XAA
3
Tbid.. No. 64o. 17 Jun 1952. U. Eval. RR 2.
84. State, Hamburg espa c o. jjo;
25X1A
Brennstoff-Chemle, Vol. j7,
p. 23. U. Eval. RR 2.
85. State, Stockholm Despatch No. 722, 13 Mar 1952. U.
Eval.RR 2.
State, Stockholm Despatch No. 392, 28 Oct 1952. S.
Eval. RR 2.
State, Stockholm Despatch No. 1080, 11 May 1953. S.
Eval. RR 2.
86. Interior, op. cit., Vol. 18, No. 11, 30 Nov 1949, pp. 217-218.
U. Eval. RR 2.
State, Bern Despatch No. 472, 21 Nov 1950. U. Eval. RR 2.
Ibid., No. 668, 23 Jan 1951. U. Eval. RR 2.
State, Zurich Despatch No. 247, 4 Mar 1952. U. Eval. RR 2.
87. CIA ORR Project 18-51-I NO., op. cit.
State, Budapest Report No. 155, 12 Nov 1947. C. Eval. RR 2.
88. State, Budapest Report No. 155, 12 Nov 1947.. C. Eval. RR 2.
89. State, Vienna Despatch No. 1, 1 Jul 1952. S. Eval. RR 2.
90. Ibid.
91. State, Bern Despatch.No. 472, 21 Nov 1950. U. Eval. RR 2.
Ibid., No. 668, 23 Jan 1951- U. Eval. RR 2.
Ibid., No. 247, 31 Mar 1950. C. Eval. RR 2.
92. CIA ORR, Project 18-51-I (WP), op. cit.
93? Ibid.
94. Ibid.
State, Bern Despatch No. 472, 21 Nov 1950. U. Eval. RR 2.
Ibid., No. 668, 23 Jan 1951. U. Eval. RR 2.
95. State, Stockholm Despatch No. 1065, 13 Apr 1951. U. Eval. RR 2.
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