THE MUNITIONS INDUSTRY OF COMMUNIST CHINA

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01093A001000090001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
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• Document Page Count: 48
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 27, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 30, 1955
• Content Type: IR

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PROVISIONAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT
THE MUNITIONS INDUSTRY
OF COMMUNIST CHINA
CIA/RR PR-131
30 December 1955
151699
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
CVO
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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PROVISIONAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT
THE MUNITIONS INDUSTRY OF COMMUNIST CHINA
CIA/RR PR-131
(ORB Project 31 .484)
NOTICE
The data and conclusions contained in this report do not
necessarily represent the final position of ORR and should
be regarded as provisional only and subject to revision.
Comments and additional data which may be available to the
user are solicited.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
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FOREWORD
25X1X7
This report appraises the current status of the arsenals used for
the production of munitions in Communist China.* The report uses no
information dated before 1949 unless the data indicate that the
Chinese Communists either already controlled the arsenals before 1949
or captured the arsenals intact from the Chinese Nationalists and
are still using them.
The report divides currently producing arsenals into the cate-
gories of major arsenals and minor arsenals. Major arsenals or
complexes of arsenals are those in which the production of finished
end items constitutes a major contribution to the total munitions
requirements of Communist China. Minor arsenals are those units which
produce limited quantities of end items or component parts. Only
those arsenals which are believed to be in production at the present
time are discussed in this report.
The quantitative estimates of capacity (both total capacity and
that of individual arsenals) contain the inherent qualitative weak-
nesses of the many reports of varying reliability from which they have
been derived.
Data on the arsenals of Communist China have been compiled by the
Department of the Army, G-2; Armed Forces, Far East, G-2; 25X1X7
These listings for the most part are based on the same
information which was available to CIA and were not used as
confirmation.
* Only arsenals used for the production of land munitions have been
included in this report.
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CONTENTS
Summary
Page
1
I.
Development since 1949
2
II.
Administrative Control
3
III.
Production
4
A. Major Arsenals
4
B. Minor Arsenals
5
C. Unconfirmed Installations
5
D. Estimated Capacity for the Production of
Ammunition
6
E. Estimated Capacity for the Production of Weapons
?
?
7
F. Distribution of Installations
9
IV. Estimated Labor Force 11
V. Capabilities, Vulnerabilities, and Intentions 12
Appendixes
Appendix A. Types of Munitions Produced in Communist
China 15
Appendix B. Arsenals in Communist China 17
Appendix C. Methodology 55
Appendix D. Gaps in Intelligence 59
Appendix E. Source References 61
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Page
Tables
1. Estimated Monthly Capacity for the Production of
Ammunition in Communist China, 1952 6
2. Estimated Monthly Capacity for the Production of
Weapons in Communist China, 1952 8
3. Percentage Distribution of Installations for the
Production of Ammunition and Weapons in Communist China,
by Geographic Area 10
4. Distribution of the Estimated Labor Force of the
Munitions Industry of Communist China, by Geographic
Area Ii
5. Major Arsenals in Communist China 19
6. Minor Arsenals in Communist China 31
7. Estimated Monthly Capacity for the Production of
Ammunition in the Mukden Arsenal Complex in Communist
China, 1948 56
Map
Communist China: Armament Production Facilities
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Inside
Back Cover
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CIA/RR PR 131
(ORR Project 31.484)
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THE MUNITIONS INDUSTRY OF COMMUNIST CHINA*
Summary
The munitions industry** of Communist China is estimated to in-
clude 12 major arsenals and 58 minor arsenals. The 3 most important
centers for the production of munitions are Mukden (Shen-yang), with 2
major arsenals and 1 minor arsenal; Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing), with 3
major arsenals and 4 minor arsenals; and T'ai-yuan, with 1 major
arsenal and 1 minor arsenal.
Chinese Communist control of the munitions industry has been
characterized by a consolidation of arsenals and a possible shift of
production emphasis from Manchuria to other areas of China. Reports
of new construction and of the expansion of old arsenals during 1951-
54 indicate not only that the Chinese Communists are tending to
locate arsenals in new locations ,but also that the Chinese Communist
capacity to produce ammunition and light weapons has increased con-
siderably since 1949-50.
Despite the development of new arsenals, Communist China is not
self-sufficient in the production of munitions. Although the produc-
tion of certain types of ammunition is estimated to be more than
sufficient for training requirements, the arsenals of China, which
have a monthly capacity of about 5,400 short tons*** of ammunition
and an estimated annual capacity of between 60,000 and 80,000 tons of
ammunition, currently cannot supply all the wartime ammunition re-
quirements of China.
The production of small arms, machine guns, light mortars and
light artillery, and special weapons such as rocket launchers and
recoilless rifles in Communist China is considered adequate to main-
tain the necessary levels of equipment even during wartime. The
Chinese Communist arsenals, however, cannot provide the heavy weapons
* The estimates and conclusions contained in this report represent
the best judgment of ORR as of 1 September 1955.
** The term munitions industry, for the purposes of this report,
includes the production of both ammunition and weapons.
*** Tonnages throughout this reportare given in short tons.
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such as antiaircraft artillery, medium and heavy artillery, or armored
fighting vehicles needed to equip the Chinese Communist armies and
must import these weapons from other nations in the Sino-Soviet Bloc.
The estimated labor force used in the munitions industry of
Communist China ranges from 210,000 to 250,000. Over 1,000 Soviet
and other foreign engineers and technicians also aid in the production
of munitions in China. This technical aid has been instrumental in
building up the capacity of the industry. The other members of the
Sino-Soviet Bloc have also provided equipment and the raw materials
necessary for the expanded production of munitions.
I. Development since 1949.
From the end of World War II until the evacuation of the mainland
of Communist China by the Chinese Nationalists in 1949, 20 to 25
government arsenals produced almost all the Chinese Nationalist muni-
tions. Four of these arsenals were removed to Taiwan; the remainder
form the basis for the present munitions industry of Communist
China. 1/* The three major munitions-producing complexes at Mukden,
Chungking, and Ttai-yuan were captured by the Chinese Communists prac-
tically intact with only slight destruction by the retreating Chinese
Nationalists to several of the Chungking arsenals. 2/
Not only were machinery and arsenal facilities left relatively
intact but also about 95 percent of the skilled labor remained on
the mainland of Communist China. The skilled labor and technicians
have received further training from Soviet and German engineers sent
to China by the USSR. .3./
In addition to the arsenals captured from the Chinese Nationalists
,in 1949, Chinese Communists held 28 arsenals in Manchuria and 15
in northern China** before 1949. The total production of these arsen-
als was significant in meeting the Chinese Communist needs, but the
production of no one arsenal in itself was significant.)1,./
* For serially numbered source references, see Appendix E.
** For geographic areas of Communist China as referred to in, this
report, see the map, inside back cover.
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The production of the arsenals was limited by obsolescent machine
tools and by the lack of brass-rolling and extrusion equipment as
well as by shortages of explosives and copper. In addition, Chinese
Communist production was initially limited by transportation and labor
problems. 2/
In reorganizing the munitions industry, the Chinese Communists
were dependent upon the Soviet Bloc for imports of machine tools,
metalworking equipment, and raw materials as well as for technical
advice and assistance. Numerous plant reports indicate the introduc-
tion of Soviet equipment into various arsenals throughout Communist
China. Soviet and/or Satellite advisers and technicians were used in
the arsenals, and Soviet experts made an over-all inspection of arsenals
to discover and correct discrepancies. The inspection appears to be
a part of the Soviet program to aid in the reconstruction and rehabil-
itation of important arsenals.
Under Chinese Communist administration, the number of small
arsenals of workshop size decreased either through the consolidations
of small arsenals, the absorption of small arsenals by larger ones,
or the conversion of arsenals to nonmilitary production. Under the
Chinese Communist regime, the production of munitions has been
characterized by specialization in a limited number of weapons and
calibers of ammunition.*
II. Administrative Control.
During 1952 the munitions industry of Communist China was placed
under the control of the Second Ministry of Machine Industry, one
of the economic ministries established as part of the governmental re-
organization. 2/ Later reports indicated that in the government
reorganization of 21 September 1954 the Second Ministry of Machine
Industry was placed administratively in the State Council but under
the operational supervision of the National Planning Commission. In
this manner, arsenals were placed under the direct control of the
central government. Apparently concomitant with this. reorganization
was a redesignation of the arsenals according to a three-digit
system. ?J Three-digit designations, however, have been identified
with only a few specific arsenals.
* For a list of the types of munitions being currently produced, see
Appendix A.
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III. Production.*
A. Major Arsenals.**
Communist China has an estimated 12 major arsenals with the
largest concentrations of arsenals in the Mukden and Chungking areas.
The Mukden Arsenal complex in Manchuria, which includes the arsenals
in the Ta-tung district and in Wen-kuan-t'un, is still considered the
largest arsenal complex in China. It is capable of producing the en-
tire range of weapons and ammunition currently produced in China.***
The Mukden Arsenal complex contains about 50 percent of the artillery
and small-arms production capacity and about 15 percent of the total
estimated ammunition production capacity of China.
The arsenals in Chungking produce small arms (carbines or sub-
machine guns), recoilless rifles, machine guns, and mortars as well as
ammunition for these weapons and for artillery pieces.
Tai-yuan is the only major arsenal complex in northern China.
The production of the complex includes artillery ammunition, machine
guns, mortars and artillery, and possibly small arms ammunition.
Dairen (Ta-lien), in northeastern China, contains about 10
percent of the total ammunition production capacity of Communist China
and probably ranks second to Mukden.
The two major arsenals of eastern China are the Ch'in-ling
Arsenal in Nanking and the Tsinan-(Chi-nan) Arsenal complex. The
Chlin-ling Arsenal produces mortar and small arms ammunition, hand
grenades, machine guns, and mortars. The Tsinan Arsenal complex is re-
ported to produce mortar fuses, mines, grenades, small arms, and mor-
tars, although the rate of production of these items is not reported.
The Shih-ching Arsenal in Canton and the Wu-han Arsenal com-
plex of arsenals in central and southern China produce small arms,
light machine guns, mortars, light artillery pieces, grenades, fuses,
and ammunition for mortars and small arms.
* See the map, inside back cover, and Table 5, p. 19, below.
** Major arsenals or complexes are those in which the production of
finished end items constitutes a major contribution to total national
munitions requirements.
*** For a list of weapons and ammunition, see Appendix A.
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The arsenal in Ktun-ming in southwestern China is considered
to be a major arsenal because it is the major producer of optical fire-
control equipment and also produces light machine guns.
B. Minor Arsenals.*
An estimated 58 minor arsenals currently are producing weapons
and ammunition in Communist China. The minor arsenals are of consider-
able significance in the production of ammunition. The minor arsenals
of northeastern China have the capacity to produce about 75 percent of
the mortar ammunition, about 80 percent of the small arms rounds, and
about 80 percent of the hand grenades produced in the area. The minor
arsenals of eastern China and central and southern China have the ca-
pacity to produce more artillery ammunition and hand grenades as well
as bombs, fuses, mines, torpedoes, and depth charges than do the major
arsenals in these areas. In the production of weapons, however, the
minor arsenals are of less over-all importance than the major arsenals.
C. Unconfirmed Installations.
The multitude of intelligence reports which suggest a great
number of small arsenals or plants which produce or at some time have
produced military end items tend to present a distorted picture of
the munitions industry of Communist China. Installations are often
erroneously reported. Some installations may have existed under the
Chinese Nationalists or may still be producing simple military end
items for the security forces. The installations which possibly exist
provide a potential source of additional supply in times of heavy need.
The following four criteria were used to determine which of
the many minor arsenals probably no longer contribute to the total
production of arms and ammunition.
1. The absence of sufficient information to present a case;
the presence of only one Teport of doubtful reliability not verified
by other sources. In this category fall the majority of arsenals which
have been dropped from the lists of accepted major and minor munitions-
producing arsenals.
* See the map, inside back cover, and Table 6, p. 31, below.
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2. The absence of recent information -- that is, information
after 1949 or the time that the Chinese Communists captured particular
arsenals.
3. The presence of some positive indication that the produc-
tion of weapons and/or ammunition has been discontinued in specific
arsenals.
4. The presence of definite information that certain instal-
lations, which are called arsenals, do not produce arms or ammunition
but only repair or store munitions. Also in this category are chem-
ical- and explosives-producing plants which are not definitely iden-
tified as ammunition-producing plants.
D. Estimated Capacity for the Production of Ammunition.*
The monthly capacity of the major and minor arsenals in
Communist China to produce ammunition is given in Table 1. The
estimate of capacity is based on the summary of available production
figures as given in Appendix B.
Table 1
Estimated Monthly Capacity for the Production of Ammunition
in Communist China
1952
Short Tons
Type of Ammunition Monthly Capacity
Artillery 1,100
Mortar 1,000
Small arms 1,700
Grenades 1,600
Total 5,400
* For methodology, see Appendix G.
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Estimates of production for individual arsenals on which this
estimated minimum capacity is based vary in date from 1948 to 1953.
Ah examination of prevailing conditions in the munitions industry of
Communist China during 1948-53 indicates that the estimate might best
be applied to production capacity during 1952. Because 1949 was a
year of war during which the Chinese Communists drove the Chinese
Nationalists from the mainland, conditions were unsettled, and pro-
duction was interrupted. Much of the construction activity in the
munitions industry, which was reported during 1950 and 1951, con-
sisted of rehabilitating installations, training personnel, central-
izing control under the Communist regime, and preparing for production
to meet military requirements in North Korea. With the many problems
encountered in rehabilitation, it is doubtful if the estimated pro-
duction capacity was attained by the Chinese Communists until 1952.
Estimates of the annual production capacity of the munitions
industry of Communist China,based on monthly capacity figures (see
Table 1*), range from a minimum of 60,000 tons to a maximum of about
80,000 tons. This upper limit would include the unreported capacity
of new arsenals and the capacity to produce mines and bombs for which
no estimates of production are made.
E. Estimated Capacity for the Production of Weapons.
The estimated monthly capacity of the major and minor arsenals
in Communist China to produce weapons is given in Table 2.** The esti-
mate of capacity is based on the summary of reported production rates
as given in Appendix B. The dates of information on which these re-
ports were based range from 1948 to 1952. The estimated monthly capac-
ity in Table 2 most closely represents the production capacity of the
Chinese Communists during 1952.
A number of major and minor arsenals are reported to be pro-
ducing one or more of the types of weapons for which quantitative
estimates of production rates are not available, thus making an esti-
mate of the capacity of these arsenals difficult. Certain tentative
conclusions can be drawn, however, concerning the magnitude of this
additional capacity on the basis of analogical comparisons of certain
of the important arsenals in the group. XXX The capacity to produce
* P. 6, above.
** Table 2 follows on p. 8.
*** For methodology, see Appendix C.
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Table 2
Estimated Monthly Capacity for the Production of Weapons
in Communist China
1952
Units
Type of Weapon
Monthly Capacity
Artillery
6o
Mortars
2,300
Machine guns
1,700
Small arms
24,000
Special weapons
Rocket launchers
1,800
Recoilless rifles
220
weapons, as given in Table 2, could possibly be increased by the
following amounts: artillery, 100 percent; mortars, about 30 percent;
machine guns, about 4o percent; and small arms, about 70 percent.
The Chinese Communist capacity to produce artillery and mor-
tars is centered in the major arsenals -- 10 of the 16 reported pro-
ducers are major arsenals. Facilities at one or another of the
major arsenals are adequate for the production of all calibers of
artillery pieces although no reliable reports have indicated that
artillery larger than 76.2 millimeters (mm) is being produced by the
Chinese Communists. Mortars ranging in size up to 120 mm are be-
lieved to be in production.
Machine guns are reported to be in production at 6 major and
8 minor arsenals.* No machine guns made in Communist China have yet
been recovered among the enemy weapons captured in Korea. Light and
heavy machine guns, however, were produced by the Chinese Nationalist
arsenals. The capacity to produce machine guns still exists, and it
is believed that the Chinese Communists now are producing machine
guns copied after Soviet models.
* See Appendix B.
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In the field of small arms production has been concentrated
on submachine guns, Type 50. which odeled after the Soviet PPSh
.25X1B4d 1941 submachine gun. has indicated a production
of approximately 150,000 of these weapons in 1952 at Arsenal 626
in Mukden alone. 9.11/ Since then, production has been reported at
the former 21st Arsenal in Chungking. 12/ Other small arms for which
25X1B4d Chinese Communist production in 1951 has been verified 25X1B4d
include the 7.62-mm pistol, Type 51, and the 2b.7-mm flare
pistol, Type 510 both copies of Soviet weapons. 11/
Five major and 18 minor arsenals in Communist China can pro-
duce small arms. The minor arsenals have about 50 percent of the
total Chinese Communist capacity to produce small arms. The reported
construction of 4 new arsenals and the expansion of 1 existing arsenal
for the production of small arms alone* indicate that the Chinese
Communists are increasing their capacity to produce small arms.
Capacity for the production of 57-mm recoilless rifles at a
rate of about 220 pieces** per month at Chungking and capacity for
the production of 90-mm rocket launchers at a rate of about 1,800
25X1B4d piecesxxx at 2 arsenals in eastern China have been estimated on
No expansion of production of these
weapons has been indicated. Requirements for the 57-mm recoilless
rifle and the 90-mm rocket launcher are so low as to lead to the con-
clusion that these items are now out of production, with the 75-mm
recoilless rifle and the 132-mm rocket launcher taking their place. 11/
F. Distribution of Installations.
The percentage distribution of installations for the production
of ammunition and weapons in Communist China by geographic areas is given
in Table 3.*xxx For the most part, this distribution of installations is
representative of the distribution of production. The capacity, however,
* A description of the new construction is given in Table 6, p. 31,
below. See the discussion of the former 25th Military Factory in
Harbin and of the facilities in Chiang-chih, Wu-chiang-hsien, Feng-
hsiang, and Fu-shih.
** The production for the month of January 1952. 1951 production
reached a high of 469 pieces in September and totaled about 2,000
pieces for the year.
xxx The highest rate of production for 1 out of 4 months in 1951.
*xxx Table 3 follows on p. 10.
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Table 3
Percentage Distribution of Installations
for the Production of Ammunition and Weapons in Communist China
by Geographic Area 2/
Percent
Installations
Geographic Area Ammunition Weapons New
Northeastern China
35
26
7
Inner Mongolia
Negligible
Negligible
0
Northern China
8
11
13
Eastern China
16
8
20
Central and southern China
22
26
30
Southwestern China
14
16
0
Northwestern China
5
13
30
a. The data in this table are a summary of the data in Appendix
B.
of the 5 arsenals in southwestern China, an area which includes Chung-
king and K'un-ming, is considerably more significant than that of
the 5 minor arsenals in northwestern China. In addition, the capacity
of the two major arsenals at Mukden makes northeastern China a more
significant area of production than central and southern China, with
its less important major arsenals at Wu-han and Canton (KUang-chou).
Reports of new construction and the expansion of existing
installations during 1951-54 indicate a possible change in their dis-
tribution (see Table 3). The location of new arsenals indicates a
de-emphasis of the major production areas of Manchuria and Chungking
and a possible attempt to provide all significant areas with a base
for the supply of munitions -- at least of small arms and ammunition.
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IV. Estimated Labor Force.
Analysis of estimates of the labor force of all major arsenals and
of about 66 percent of the minor arsenals indicates that the minimum
labor force employed in the arsenals of Communist China totals about
212,000. This estimate is considered a minimum figure because no re-
ported labor figures are available for 21 minor arsenals. The total
labor force for these 21 minor arsenals is estimated at about 40,000
on the basis of a rough average derived from the reported figures for
37 of the minor arsenals.
A distribution of the estimated labor force of the munitions indus-
try of Communist China by geographic area is given in Table 4.
Table 4
Distribution of the Estimated Labor Force
of the Munitions Industry of Communist China
by Geographic Area a/
Distribution
Reported of Total
Geographic Area Labor Force (Percent)
Northeastern China 98,000 46
Inner Mongolia Negligible Negligible
Northern China 16,000 8
Eastern China 25,000 12
Central and southern China 29,000 13
Southwestern China 40,000 19
Northwestern China 3,500 2
Total
211,500
-----_
100
a. Based on reports given in Appendix B.
About 1,000 Soviet and European technicians are reported to be
working in the major and minor arsenals of Communist China.* The
* Reported information of foreign technicians working in Chinese
Communist arsenals is given in Appendix B.
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presence of Soviet and European technicians in the geographic areas
of China loosely parallels the pattern of arsenal construction and
expansion and might be related to this pattern.
During the Korean War) and to a lesser degree during the war
in Indochina, many arsenals were operating on a three-shift basis.
The existence of this practice at present is unknown. Correlations
between the estimated labor force or the number of shifts in opera-
tion and possible increases in capacity therefore have not been
drawn.
V. Capabilities Vulnerabilities, and Intentions.
The munitions industry of Communist China produces a supply of
munitions which is more than adequate for training purposes. The
Chinese Communists also are considered capable of maintaining war-
time levels of infantry-type weapons such as small arms, machine guns,
light mortars and light artillery, rocket launchers, and recoilless
rifles.
The Chinese Communists must import ammunition for the following
weapons:
152-mm howitzer and self-propelled gun
122-mm howitzer
85-mm antiaircraft and tank gun
76-mm self-propelled gun
12.7-mm antiaircraft machine gun
7.62-mm aircraft machine gun
23-mm aircraft cannon
These items of ammunition are needed for weapons which are now
included in the Chinese Communist tables of equipment. Peacetime as
well as wartime reqUirements must be imported from the USSR. 14/
The extent to which the munitions industry of Communist China is
unable to supply the wartime requirements of the Chinese Communist
military forces is indicated by a comparison of the estimated capacity
of the industry in 1952 with the wartime ammunition requirements of
that year. The Chinese Communist forces in China and North Korea not
only required the capacity production of 60,000 tons of ammunition in
1952 but also had to import 110)000 tons of ammunition from the USSR. 12/
The supply of ammunition from the badly damaged North Korean plants was
negligible. lg
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The ammunition industry of Communist China would have to increase
its 1952 production by about 110,000 tons to attain self-sufficiency,
or an increase over estimated 1952 capacity of about 180 percent. Such
increased production would have to include all imported items for
which the Chinese Communists were completely dependent upon the USSR.
During 1952-55, out of a total of 58 arsenals producing ammunition, 9
were new arsenals and an additional 6 arsenals reportedly were ex-
panded. Although specific quantity increases cannot be estimated, the
annual increase in the production capacity of military end items during
1952-55 has been estimated at 15 percent. 17/ At such a rate of in-
crease China will remain dependent upon Soviet imports for wartime re-
quirements of ammunition for some time to come.
Arsenals producing weapons in Communist China are capable of pro-
ducing any of the required types of small arms, light artillery,
mortars, and machine guns as well as such simple weapons as the re-
coilless rifle and the rocket launcher. The arsenals have the capacity,
at present, to provide both the peacetime and the wartime requirements
of light infantry weapons to the Chinese Communist military forces.
Large quantities of rifles, machine guns, mortars (except the 60-mm
mortars), antiaircraft artillery, artillery, and armored fighting ve-
hicles were imported from the Soviet Bloc during the Korean War by the
Chinese Communists. The construction of new arsenals and the expansion
of old arsenals since 1951 indicate that there has been a buildup of
facilities for the production of basic infantry weapons. There is no
reliable indication of the production of medium or heavy artillery or
antiaircraft guns. Chinese installations are not considered capable
of producing armored fighting vehicles. Armored cars and armored
trucks have been reported as produced in small numbers, but the level
of production is not considered an indication of a significant
capacity to produced armored fighting vehicles. For the present,
Communist China remains dependent upon the Soviet Bloc for all heavy
weapons.
The munitions industry of Communist China also depends upon the
Soviet Bloc for machine tools, technical assistance, and imports of
raw materials such as copper, alloy steels, and explosives. The hope
for a quick and easy industrialization has been shattered by the
realization that Soviet economic aid would be largely limited by the
extent to which Communist China could pay for such aid. 18/
It is anticipated that the munitions industry of Communist China
eventually will be self-sufficient in terms of military end items as
the installations necessary for the production of more complicated
armaments become available.
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APPENDIX A
TYPES OF MUNITIONS PRODUCED IN COMMUNIST CHINA
1. Ammunition.
Grenades (hand and rifle).
Antitank hand grenades.
Bombs.
Land mines.
7.62-mm submachine gun rounds.
7.62/79-mm rifle, light machine gun and heavy machine gun rounds.
57-mm recoilless rifle shells.
90-mm rockets.
60-Jmn mortar shells.
81- and 82-mm mortar shells.
120-mm mortar shells.
37-mm antitank gun shells.
57-mm antitank gun shells.
70-mm infantry howitzer shells.
75-mm gun shells.
76.2-mm howitzer shells.
105-mm howitzer shells.
2. Weapons.
7.62-mm pistol, Type 51.*
7.62-mm submachine gun, Type 50.*
26.7-mm flare pistol, Type 51.
60-mm mortar.*
82-mm mortar.
120-mm mortar.
Machine gun (light).
Machine gun (heavy).
57-mm recoilless rifle, Type 36.*
90-mm rocket launcher, Type 51.*
70-mm howitzer, Type 92.*
76.2-mi howitzer.
25X1 B4d
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APPENDIX B
ARSENALS IN COMMUNIST CHINA
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Table 5
Major Arsenals in Communist China
Location
Northeastern China
Mtkden (Shen-yang)
(41?48' N - 123027' E)
Ta-twig District of Mtkden
and Wen-kuan-t'un
Liaoning
Identification
MUkden Arsenal complex (see Ta-twig
and Wen-kuan-t'un branches, below,
for all entries except consolidated
production estimate).
Mtkden (Shen-yang) Ta-tung
(41?48' N - 123?27' E) 90th Arsenal (main)
Ta-tung District of Mtkden 51st and 54th Arsenals
626th Arsenal
* Footnotes for Table 5.follow on p. 29.
Estimated Labor Force
15,000 workers on three
8-hour shifts (1951) 2/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
All types
Weapons:
7.62-mm submachine gun,
Type 50
Ammunition:
qmpll arms rounds
Mortar shells
Artillery shells
Hand grenades
Land mines
Bombs
Weapons:
Small arms
Machine guns
Mortars
Light artillery
Miscellaneous:
Conversion of trucks to
armored vehicles
Repair of weapons .
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Quantity
700 short tons 2/*
15,000 pieces 11./
Remarks
The Mtkden Arsenal complex has reportedly produced
all of the weapons listed under production for
the Ta-tung and Wen-kuan-t'un arsenals. Reports
indicating the production of antiaircraft artil-
lery and artillery above 76 mm require verifica-
tion, and until such verification is obtained, it
is assumed that such reports have confused repair
work with actual production. Production figures
for weapons other than submachine guns cannot be
determined with any degree of accuracy. Follow-
ing March 1952 the production of submachine guns
averaged roughly 15,000 per month.
The main arsenal is located in the Ta-tung dis-
trict of Mtkden. It is not as large in area and
has fewer buildings than the Wen-kuan-t'un
branch. All explosive filling is done in a
branch to the east of the city in the Tung-ling
Bills. Piece work on small parts, such as those
used in hand grenades, is done in small workshops
in the vicinity of the main arsenal.
?
Date of Information
March 1948 to January 1954
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Table 5
Major Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Northeastern China
(Continued)
MUkden (Shen-mg)
(41?48' N - 123?27' E)
One kilometer east of the
railroad station in Wen-
kuan-t'un
Dairen (Ta-lien)
(38?55' N - 121?39 E)
Port Arthur Naval Base
area
Identification
Wen-kuan-t'un
90th Branch
52d Arsenal
Chien-hsin combine
Yu-hua Arsenal
Dairen Railroad Works
(82-mm mortar casings)
Dairen Calcium Carbonate
Manufacturing Company (75-mm
shell casings)
Dairen Chemical Arsenal
Kosho Arsenal (fuses)
Chien-hsin Steel Works (shell
heads and brass plate, steel
rods)
Dairen Machine Manufacturing Plant
(artillery and mortar shells)
Estimated Labor Force
30,000 to 40,000 workers
on three 8-hour shifts 7
days a week
Includes Soviet techni-
cians and 4o German and
Soviet drafting engi-
neers 1/
5,000 e/
500 e/
1,000 -J/
1,000 2/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
qmall arms rounds
Mortar shells
Artillery shells
Hand grenades
Weapons:
Small arms
Machine guns (heavy)
Mortars
Rocket launchers
Light artillery
Miscellaneous:
Repair of weapons
Ammunition:
75-mm artillery shells
88-mm artillery shells
Hand grenades
Rifle shells
Artillery fuses
Shell heads
Miscellaneous:
82-mm mortar casings
Gun cotton
TNT
Picric acid
Dynamite
Cordite
Mercury fulminate
Brass plates and disks for use
in shells
High-speed steel rods
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Quantity
100 tons 2/
20,000 units 3/
400 tons e
6,000 units 2/
105 tons e/
1.5 tons 2/
30 tons e/
3 tons 2/
Remarks
The area is about 8 square miles. Several hundred
workers' quarters, mostly one-story red brick
buildings are located in the western part of the
arsenal area. Plant No. 2 is located to the east
of the quarters area and produced howitzers and
field guns. Plant No., located to the east of
Plant No. 2, produced Soviet-type small arms,
machine guns, and mortars. Plant No. 3 and
Plant No. 1, located about 600 to 700 meters
east of Plant No. 4 in the eastern extremity of
the arsenal area, produced artillery pieces and
ammunition. During July 1951 there was addition-
al construction of buildings,and damage done by
the Chinese Nationalists was largely repaired.
The Chien-hsin combine was formed to ailminister a
number of industrial enterprises turned over to
the Chinese Communists by the Russians in June
1947. A munitions trust holding company consists
of at least seven plants. The 75-mm shell cas-
ings are sent to Yu-hua Arsenal for filling from
the Dairen Calcium Carbonate Manufacturing Compa-
ny. The Dairen Chemical Arsenal was dismantled
by the Russians but by May 1949 was restored with
equipment from Limo-yang; it is the chief source
of supply of explosives for the Yu-hua Arsenal.
The Chien-hsin Steel Works supplied all steel
rods and brass plates to the Yu-hua Arsenal. The
Dairen Machine Manufacturing Plant was prepared
for the manufacture of munitions in June 1948.
The conversion project was scheduled for comple-
tion in December 1952.
Date of Information
November 1948 to March 1952
1948 to 1949
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Table 5
Major Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Northern China
T'ai-yuan
(37?52 N - 112?33' E)
Shansi
Eastern China
Nanking (Nan-ching)
(32?03' Dr- 118?47' E)
Kiangsu
Tsinan (Chi-naq
(36?40' N - 1170O E)
Shantung
Identification
T'ai-yuan Arsenal
40th Arsenal or Factory 404
T'ai-yuan Manufacturing Plant
Northwest Manufacturing Plant
Former 60th Arsenal
Chin-ling Arsenal
Tsinan Arsenal complex includes:
former KMT 44th Arsenal and 1st
Arsenal
Hsin-chuang Arsenal, southwest
section
Hsin-ch'eng Arsenal, northeast
of the ciVr
Estimated Labor Force
10,000 (1953) f/
2 shifts
2,00011/
2,800 g/ (This is be-
lieved to include at
least three plants)
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item-
Ammunition:
Artillery shells
Small arms rounds
Weapons:
Field guns
Machine guns (light and heavy)
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
qmall arms rounds
Mortar shells
Weapons:
Machine guns (heavy)
Rifles (probably repair and
rebuilding)
Mortars
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Land mines
Small arms rounds
Motor fuses
Weapons:
Small arms
60-mm mortars
Miscellaneous:
Repair of weapons
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Quantity
90,000 rounds E/
50 pieces g/
260 pieces i/
100,000 units i/
12,000,000 rounds-1/
100,000 rounds 1/
200 pieces 1/
1,000 pieces 1/
1,200 pieces 1/
1,000 pieces 1/
30,000 units 27
1,500 to 2,500 units 1/
Remarks
Date of Information
The T'ai-yuan Arsenal complex includes installa- April 1949 to August 1953
tions located within the city wall as well as
the main arsenal to the north of the city. The
Northwest Chemical Works, listed separately, is
probably connected in some way with the Tai-yuan
Arsenal. The arsenal reportedly located at
Hsi-ming-ts'un probably is the main arsenal north
of the city.
The arsenal area is about 1,950 x 1,350 feet. The 1949 to May 1952
Chinese Nationalists removed the 60th Arsenal to
Formosa, but information in May 1952 stated that
the arsenal had been completely retooled and
equipped and was in operation. The machine shop
section contains 7 shops and 6 storage buildings;
the 2 largest are 200 x 50 feet each. There are
4 large foundry and moulding buildings, each 175
x 50 feet. The largest building in the assembly
and machine shop area is 490 x 160 feet. In
addition, there are warehouses, administratill
buildings, and miscellaneous minor buildings.
There are at least three small arsenals in the
Tsinan Arsenal complex. A fourth arsenal, prob-
ably the Hua-feng Arsenal in the southeast sec-
tion of the city, has been reported as converted
to the production of lathes. The KMT 44th Arse-
nal was partly evacuated to Taiwan. Machinery
was moved into Tsinan by the Communists in
1949. The arsenal in Hain-ch'eng (36057' N -
117?55 E) is considered to be a part of this
complex. This arsenal was a major arsenal under
the Chinese Nationalists.
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Table 5
Major Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Central and Southern China
Canton (Kuang-chou)
(23?07 N - 113?51' E)
Shih-ching
(23?15' N - 113?22' E)
Kwangtung
Wu-han Arsenal complex
(30?34' N - 114?13' E)
including.
Hang-yang (Han-yang)
(30033! N - 114016' E)
Hankow (Han-100u)
(30035' N - 114?16' E)
Wu-ch'ang
(30032' N - 114918' E)
Hupeh
Identification
Shin-nan Arsenal or Hain-nan
Machinery Factory or 32d Ordnance
Factory and/or Shih-ching Arsenal
Hang-yang Arsenal (former 26th
Arsenal) Plant No. 43
Central and South China Military
District Ordnance Factory
31st Arsenal
33d Arsenal
30th Arsenal
Estimated Labor Force
1,200 (1952) at Rain-nan
Arsenal k/
Soviet and Czechoslovak
technical advisers to the
plant in 1954
15,000 (November 1952) 32/
Soviet and German ord-
nance experts
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Small arms rounds
Mortar shells
Hand grenades
Weapons (1951):
Mortars
Light artillery
Rifles
Machine guns
Ammunition:
Mortar shells
(June-August 1952)
Smn11 arms rounds
Hand grenades
Fuses
Weapons:
Rifles (automatic)
Machine guns (light)
81-mm mortars (planned)
Artillery (planned)
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Quantity
220 pieces 1/
15 pieces 1/
800 pieces 1/
400 pieces 1/
33,000 rounds n/
2,000 pieces 2/
Remarks
Soviet machinery was received in late 1951 and
possibly also in 1952. Further expansion was
reported by 1954 at Shih-ching. The two arse-
nals, the Rain-nan Arsenal and the Shih-ching
Arsenal, are referred to interchangeably and
possibly are separate plants of a single complex.
The Shih-ching Arsenal appears to specialize in
the production of ammunition and was reported to
produce Czechoslovak and Soviet-type ammunition
under the supervision of Czechoslovak and Soviet
technical advisers.
The Wu-ban Arsenal complex is the ordnance
center for the Central and South China Military
District.
The Hang-yang Arsenal was reported to have re-
ceived Soviet machines before November 1952 and
machinery from other arsenals in Communist China.
Wooden ammunition boxes were made at Plant No.
43 in Hang-yang.
Soviet and German ordnance experts worked in
Hankow in August 1951 on a new type of rapid-
firing rifle. Hankow Arsenal also is reported to
have done experimental work on fuses in 1951.
New arsenal workshops were reported in Wu-ch'ang
in 1952.
Date of Information
October 1950 to July 1954
February 1951 to April 1953
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Table 5
Major Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Southwestern China
Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing)
(29034' N - 106035 E)
located about 30 miles from
Ch'ung-ch'ing at
T'ang-chia-t'o
(29036' N - 106039' E)
Szechwan
Chungking (Chlung-ch'ing)
(29034' N - 106?35' E)
Szechwan
Identification
Former 50th Arsenal
497th Arsenal
Former 10th Arsenal
Possibly a branch of the former
50th Arsenal
Estimated Labor Force
10,000 p/
(1951-5-f)
2,000 (February 1951) s/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Aerial bombs
60-mm mortar shells
75-mm howitzer shells
57-mm recoilless rifle shells
Weapons:
60-mm mortars
82-mm mortars
57-mm recoilless rifles
(January 1952)
Ammunition:
60-mm flares
60-mm mortar shells
82-mm mortar shells
37-mm high-explosive (HE)
shells
Weapons:
Rifles
Machine guns (light)
Mortars
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Quantity
35,000 rounds q/
690 rounds 2/
350 pieces 2/
220 pieces r/
500 units q/
35,000 rounds q/
100 pieces q/
Remarks
The area is 1.5 x 1.5 kilometers. The testing area
is 1.5 kilometers north of the aresenal. Build-
ings are dispersed. Some shops are hidden in
caves. The machinery under the Chinese
Nationalists was primarily German and Austrian,
some US. The arsenal had its own power plant,
which was destroyed by the Chinese Nationalists.
The power station was reported as repaired by
November 1950.
The area is 2.5 x 2 kilometers. There are 120
buildings of various sizes, mostly 1-story grey
brick about 60 x 15 meters. Ten to 15 percent
of the arsenal was destroyed by the Chinese
Nationalists. During 1950 the arsenal was re-
paired and/or expanded. In May 1950 the arsenal
was reported to be in full operation.
Date of Information
March 1947 to January 1954
1949 to February 1951
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Table 5
Major Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing)
(29034 N - 106?35' E)
North bank of the Chia-ling
River at Chiang-pei across
from Chungking.
Szechwan
K'un-ming
(25?04 N - 102?41' E)
Yunnan
Identification
Former 21st Arsenal
Former 53d Arsenal
Liu-pa Arsenal
Estimated Labor Force
20,000 t/
Several Sovietexperts
2,000 plus (1950) 2/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition (1949):
82-mm mortar shells (HE)
82-mm mortar shells (smoke)
120-mm steel shells
27-mm rifle grenades
Hand grenades (HE)
(Rifle grenades and hand
grenades produced by the 31st
Branch Arsenal)
Weapons:
Rifles (1952)
Machine guns (light and heavy)
Submachine guns (1952 informa-
tion reports this as a new
item of production for the
21st Arsenal. v/ Possibly the
7.62-mm PPSh.)?
Miscellaneous:
Leather rifle slings 10,000 units 12/
Bayonets 5,000 units E/
Carrying straps for machine
guns (light) 1,000 units LI/
Quantity
60,000 rounds u/
5,000 rounds E/
2,000 rounds u/
20,000 units u7
100,000 units 71717
Weapons:
7.92-mm Machine guns (light)
Miscellaneous:
Binoculsrs
Mortar sights
Compasses
Range finders
Sights for recoilless rifles
Repair of small.arms and opti-
cal instruments
500 pieces
300 units 25/
600 units 21/
2,000 units x/
10 units
70 units
Remarks
The area is about 3 kilometers east and west by
1.5 kilometers north and south. There are
about 200 buildings. Some damage was done by
the Chinese Nationalists and was partly re-
paired by 1950. By October 1950 the arsenal
was operating at 50-percent capacity. In
early December 1950, Soviet elitipment for the
manufacture of weapons was received. The
arsenal has its own power plant. Production
figures are Chinese Nationalist.
The arsenal was enlarged before and during
World War II. After V-J Day, machines from
the following arsenals were sent to the 53d
Arsenal: the 21st Branch Arsenal at Antning,
the 52d 1-hang Arsenal, the 53a Branch
Arsenal at KUei-yang, and the 44th Arsenal at
Kuei-yang. The arsenal escaped destruction by
the Chinese Nationalists. It has a dual
mission -- the manufacture of Czechoslovak-
type light machine guns and of optical
instruments.
Date of Information
1944 to June 1952
1948 to 1951
b.
C.
d.
e.
f.
See Appendix C, Table 7,
19/
El/
E2/
El/
P. 5, below.
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
Location
Northeastern China
An-tung
(4o0o8' N - 124?24' E)
Liaoning
Chia-mu-ssu
(46?50 N - 130?21' E)
Heilungkiang
Chi-an (Chi-an hsien)
(41?06' N - 126?10' E)
Kirin
Ch'i-chli-ha-erh
(41006' N - 123?57' E)
Heilungkiang
Identification
Chien-tung combine (6 arsenals)
Estimated Labor Force
1,100 (1949) 2./*
2,700 b/
No. 1 and No. 2 Arsenals. Probably 2,000 (before November
local designations of two plants 1948) c/
within the same arsenal
Ch'i-chli-ha-erh Arsenal complex
31st, 32d, and 33d Arsenals
(North Manchurian Arsenal)
(Heilungkiang Arsenal)
* Footnotes for Table 6 follow on p. 53.
3,000 (Fall of 1952) 1/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Mortar shells
Miscellaneous:
Explosives for grenade and
mortar shells
Repair of small arms and
mortars
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Small arms rounds
Other types
Weapons:
Rifles
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Small arms rounds
Land mines
Artillery shells
Miscellaneous-:
Repair of rifles
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
75-mm howitzer fuses
Mortar shells
Artillery shells
Bombs
Weapons:
Knee mortars
Miscellaneous:
Repair of tanks
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Quantity
18,000 units 2/
9,000 rounds a/
4,500 units c/
60,000 rounds?y
1,500 units c
96,000 units e/
3 per month L/
Remarks
The Chien-tung combine consists of 15 large brick
buildings. The original arsenal was dismantled
by the Russians, and the productive capacity was
destroyed by the Chinese Nationalists. The
Chinese Communists refurnished the arsenal with
equipment confiscated from privately owned
factories. The production figures given are for
1948.
The arsenal has been operating since mid-1946.
As of Mid-1951 the arsenal was producing a large
variety of ammunition and hand grenades for
shipment to Chinese Communist forces in North
Korea.
The arsenal consisted of two 1-story buildings
330 x 90 feet. Part of the machinery was re-
ported as being installed underground.
There is a large installation occupying several
square kilometers. The area was formerly the site
of Japanese workshops. In 1951, machinery and
personnel were reportedly brought here from the
Mtkden Arsenal complex in order to escape possible
UN air raids. In 1953, information indicated a
planned expansion of building floorspace by
100,000 square feet. A timber-drying plant with
a capacity of 1,000 cubic feet per day was in-
stalled. Machinery was being supplied by the
USSR. Before 1949, grenade parts and explosives
were imported from the USSR. The arsenal complex
is capable of manufacturing rifles and machine
guns, but actnal production has not been verified.
Date of Information
1947 to 1949
1946 to 1951
1946 to 1948
1948 to 1953
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SECRET
Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
, (Continued)
Location
Northeastern China (Continued)
Fou-hs in
(42?06' N - 121?42' E)
Jehol
Fu-hsien
(Wa-fang-tien)
(39038' N - 122000' E)
Liaoning
Fu-shun
(41?52 N - 123?53' E)
Liaoning
Harbin (Ha-erh-pin)
(45?45' N - 126?39' E)
Heilungkiang
Identification
Ryonan Arsenal
Former Nichiman Arsenal
Technological Institute and
Wegdeca Works
Estimated Labor Force
600 (1945) f/
5,000 (1948) c/
2,000 (1947) 21
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Hand-grenade shells
6o- and 80-mm mortar shells
50-mm mortar shells
Miscellaneous:
Repair of weapons
Parts for weapons
Ammunition:
82-mm mortar shells
Hand grenades
Miscellaneous:
Repair of rifles and machine
guns
Assembly of tanks g/
Ball bearings
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Explosives for the Mtkden
Arsenal complex
Possible shell filling
Miscellaneous:
Primer cord
Incendiary pencils
Ammunition:
Small arms rounds
Weapons:
Machine guns
Flame throwers
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Quantity
60,000
4,500
2,100
to 90,000 units f/
to 4,800 rounds f/
to 2,400 rounds Ty
Remarks
This is a former machine tool plant. It was con-
verted to the production of ammunition by the
Chinese Communists in November 1945. There are
6 brick buildings 100 x 50 feet. Shells pro-
duced in 1948 were shipped to an unknown in-
stallation, probably a branch of this arsenal,
for finishing.
In 1948 this arsenal was under the control of the
30,000 rounds a/ Chinese Communists. It is reported to have been
30,000 units a7 converted into a tank-assembly plant in August
1950. Tanks were assembled from parts received
from the USSR.
15,000 units a/
750,000 rounds h/
Under the Chinese Nationalists, this arsenal was
a branch of the MUkden Arsenal complex.
In November 1950, part of the Mtkden Arsenal
complex was reported to have moved to Farbin.
Machinery was housed in school buildings.
Workers from Mukden were used. Production was
the same as before evacuation. It is probably a
temporary installation.
Date of Information
1945 to 1948
1948 to April 1951
1947 to 1952
1950
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Northeastern China (Continued)
Harbin (Ha-erh-pin)
(45?45' N - 126?39' E)
Heilungkiang
Harbin (Ha-erh-pin)
(45?45' N - 126?39' E)
Heilungkiang
?
Hun-ch'un
(42?52' N - 130?21 E)
Kirin
Identification
Tung-kee Workshop
Former 25th Military Factory
Hun-ch'un Arsenal (There are about
eight arsenals dispersed through-
out the Hun-ch'un area. They
appear to be components of a complex.)
Kirin (Chi-lin) Former 41st Arsenal
(43?51' N - 126?33 E)
Estimated Labor Force
3,100 Chinese j/
950 Russians -d/ e/ j/
3,000 (1947-)8) k/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item Quantity
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Small-arms rounds
Mortar shells
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
Shell cases
Weapons:
Small arms
Miscellaneous:
Repair of damaged weapons and
tanks.
Assembly of new weapons and
tanks received from the USSR. j/
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Grenade handles
Mortar fuses
Mortar shells
Artillery shells
Small-arms rounds
Weapons:
Mortars
Miscellaneous:
Parts for rifles
Repair of weapons
Ammunition:
qmalI-arms rounds after 1950
? 35 ?
S -E-C -R-E-T
60,000 units 1/
300,000 units m/
36,000 units Er/
9,000 rounds-k/
700 rounds TV
77,000 rounds ,727
170 pieces 2/
Remarks
The Tung-kee Workshop is located in an area about
200 k 100 meters. It contains 3 main buildings
of brick construction, each 50 x 10 meters.
The USSR supplies the plant and equipment for
this new arsenal. Expansion of the arsenal
and labor force is expected. Possibly there are
2 installations of about equal size, 1 special-
izing in repair and assembly and the other in
the production of small arms and ammunition.
(Potentially, this is a major arsenal for
production.)
There are eight scattered arsenals. Some equip-
ment for the production of mortar shells
reportedly was moved here from Dairen in 1947.
Date of Information
1948 to 1949
1951 to 1953
1946 to 1951
December 1950
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(-continued)
Location
Northeastern China (Continued)
Lin-chiang
(41?44' N - 126?55'E)
Kirin
Mu-tan-chiang
(44?35' N - 129036' E)
Heilungkiang
Pei-an
(48?16' N - 126?36' E)
Heilungkiang
Mukden (Shen-yang)
(41048 N - 123?27' E)
Liaoning
Identification
Plant No. 22
Former 62d Arsenal
Former 53d Arsenal (formerly the
Manchurian Automobile Manufacturing
Company)
Estimated Labor Force
200 Japanese (repair)
(1948) m/
500 Chinese la/
3,000 (1953) p/
7,000 (1953) E./
1,500 to 2,000
(December 1950) s/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
60-mm mortar shells
82-mm mortar shells
Miscellaneous:
Repair of small -arms
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
(September 1952) 2/
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
81-mm mortar shells
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
Weapons:
Small arms
Mortars
Miscellaneous:
Quantity
45,000 units m/
1,200 rounds m/
Remarks
The arsenal consists of machine shops, a trench
mortar-shell assembly shop, a foundry, and three
grenade plants. The arsenal reportedly moved
here from T'un-hua (41?41' N - 125?55' E) in
early 1947. It received equipment from the
USSR and from An-shan. Small shops throughout
the city produced ammunition and grenades.
The arsenal moved here from Hsing-shan in June
15 million to 18 million 1950. November to December 1951 and April to
rounds May 1952, Soviet machinery was imported. During
1952, plans were completed for an increase in
production to 30 million rounds per month. 2/
The arsenal was expanded following the outbreak
of the Korean War. The reported manufacture of
tanks and small cannons is doubtful. It is
probably repair and/or assembly.
The USSR removed the total capacity of the
arsenal to produce vehicles. From 1946 to 1948
the Chinese Nationalists developed the arsenal
to produce submachine guns and mortars with US
machinery and equipment. The Chinese Communists
reportedly continued production. Local news-
Date of Information
1945 to 1948
1946 to March 1953
1949 to 1953
1946 to 1953
Repair of trucks and
vehicles
Pistons for locomotives
Pots and pans
papers have called this a model plant with the
highest efficiency record of any army installa-
tion in the northeastern military command.
T'ieh-ling
3d Arsenal
20 Chinese Communist
Ammunition:
The arsenal contains eight 1-story buildings 1949 to August 1950
(42?18' N - 123?49' E)
officers
Hand grenades
380,000 units u/
40 x 30 meters used in the production of arms
Liaoning
1,275 Chinese laborers t/
Small-arms rounds
and ammunition, a 1-story building 200 x 25
2 Soviet officers t/
Weapons:
meters, a 1-story bulding
130 x 30 meters used
20 Soviet lathe
Machine guns
in the manufacture o
weapons, a foundry, ware-
operators t/
Mortars
houses, and a power station.
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Northeastern China (Continued)
Tun-hua
(43021' N - 128013' E)
Kirin
Yen-chi
(42?53' N - 129?31' E)
Kirin
Northern China
Ch'ang-chih
(36011' N - 113006' E)
Shansi
Peking (Pei-ching)
(39?56' N - 116?24' E)
Hopeh
Tlai-yuan
(37?52' N - 112033' E)
Shansi
Tientsin
(T'ien-ching)
(39008' N - 117?12' E)
Hopeh
Identification
Former 42d Plant (formerly the
Manchurian Pulp Plant)
Arsenal
70th Arsenal
Northwest Chemical Works
60th Plant
Estimated Labor Force
2,000 (1950) v/
2,000 (1948) w/
3,000 (1951) y/
Also Soviet technicians
3,000 aa/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Weapons:
Rifles
Machine guns (light)
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Mortar shells
Howitzer shells
Weapons:
Rifles
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Rifle grenades
Weapons:
Machine guns (light)
Miscellaneous:
Repair of small arms
Ammunition:
Gun powder
Artillery shells
Bombs and mines
Miscellaneous:
Explosives
Weapons:
Small arms
Miscellaneous:
Repair of armored vehicles
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S ?E?C?R?E?T
Quantity
130,000 units
30,000 units 1952)
Remarks
The Chinese Communists converted a former wood-
pulp plant to the production of munitions
during 1947-48.
In 1948 this arsenal was reported as one of the
two largest arsenals in eastern Manchuria. It
appears to produce primarily ammunition.
The First Engineering Bureau of the Second
Ministry of Machine Industry was to establish a
medium-size arsenal. Construction was to begin
shortly after May 1953. 391
Eighteen Czechoslovak-made lathes were received
in 1952. Several small installations within
Peking probably come under this arsenal.
Expansion was reported in 1949. This installa-
tion probably operates in connection with the
T'ai-yuan Arsenal in the production of shells and
may be a branch of the T'ai-yuan, or Northwest,
Manufacturing Plant.
A possible ammunition factory was reported to be
constructed near the former International Race
Course (1953).bb/ Arsenal facilities here may
be used for the repair of small arms and air-
craft cannon.
Date of Information
1947 to 1950
1947 to 1948
July 1952 to May 1953
June 1949 to April 1952
January 1949 to October 1949
1949 to 1953
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Eastern China
Chang-tien
(36048 N - 118?03' E)
Shantung
Tsingtao (Ch'ing-tao)
(36?04' N - 120 19' E)
Shantung
Hangehow (Hang-chou)
(30?15' N - 120?10' E)
Chekiang
Ho-fel
(31051' N - 117?17' E)
Anhwei
Suchow (Hsu-chou)
(T'ung-shan)
(34216' N - 117?11' E)
Kiangsu
Identification
Former Nippon Light Metal
Manufacturing Plant
Branch of former 44th Arsenal
Estimated Labor Force
3,200 cc/
1,500 ff/
150 Russians ff/
30 Japanese
(1950)
4,000 to 7,000 gg/
3 shifts
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item Quantity
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds 300,000 rounds cc/
Mortar shells 25,000 rounds cc
Gun powder 2 to 5 tons cc
(Capacity listed is that of equipment received from the
Ko-kim-bu arsenals in 1949)
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Weapons:
Small arms
Miscellaneous:
Repair of weapons
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
Water mines
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Bursting charges
Miscellaneous:
Parts for machine guns (light)
Repair of small arms and
automatic weapons
Ammunition:
Artillery shells
S-E-C-R-E-T
60,000 units dd/
Remarks
The plant was converted to the production of
munitions. It received equipment for the pro-
duction of munitions from the seven small
Ko-kim-bu arsenals in P'o-hai-so (40?24' N -
116029' E) in 1949. Employees from these
arsenals were to transfer to Chang-tien in June
1949. Some equipment was received from the
Tsinan Arsenal complex.
This arsenal is chiefly a repair plant. It also
produced all parts for hand grenades except the
explosive filler up to 1948. In 1951, infor-
mation indicated continued production of hand
grenades and production of small arms. The
latter production is not verified and may be
repair rather than manufacture.
In 1950, information indicated that this was a
small arsenal. In June 1953, information
indicated that a water-mine plant was estab-
lished with Soviet aid. ee/
There are possibly 2 arsenals with a total area
of about 75,000 square meters.
In 1951 a large arsenal reportedly was being
built here. hh/ Part of the large labor force
may have been employed in construction.
Date of Information
1949
May 1948 to 1951
January 1950 to March 1954
1950
1951
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Eastern China (Continued)
Po-shan
(36?29' N - 117050' E)
2 arsenals located about 12
kilometers southeast of
Po-shan.
Shantung
Shanghai (Shang-hai)
(31014 N - 121028' E)
Kiangsu
Shanghai (Shang-tai)
(31?14' N - 121028' E)
Kiangsu
Central and Southern China
Ch'ang-sha
(28c12' N - 112058' E)
Hunan
Ch'en-ch'i
(28000' N - 110?11' E)
Hunan
Identification
Estimated Labor Force
1st and 2d Arsenals of the Eastern 7,000 ii/
China Military Zone
Naval Arsenal (formerly the East
China 26th Arsenal)
Shanghai Arsenal (former 61st
Arsenal)
2d Ammunition Factory of the South
China Military District
Arsenal
Former 11th Arsenal under the
Chinese Nationalists
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Small- armsrounds
Hand grenades
Ammunition:
Mines
Torpedoes
Deep-water bombs
2,200 (1950) ff/ Ammunition:
200 Soviet technicians Hand grenades
If/ (1950) Small-arms rounds
Artillery shells
Miscellaneous:
Repair of small arms and
infantry heavy weapons
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
Mortar shells
1,300 in artillery-shell Ammunition:
manufacturing section kk/ Small-arms rounds
(1950) Artillery shells
Bombs
Miscellaneous:
Repair of rifles and machine
guns
Probably parts for rifles
S -E-C -R-E-T
Quantity
2.5 to 4.5 million
rounds jj/
600,000 to 700,000 units
Remarks
Date of Information
Construction was reported in this area in 1951.122/ November 1950 to November 1952
In 1954, information indicated that there were
branch workshops in Wu-sung, Pu-tang, and
Ching-su.
Possibly there are several snbarsenals in addi-
tion to the Naval Arsenal with which these
plants may be associated. giants were reported
at Lung-hua (31010' N - 121 27' E), Wu-sung
(31023' N - 121029' E), and in the area 700
meters northwest of the Chou-P'u railroad
station. Possibly it includes parts of the
old 61st Arsenal which was evacuated to
Taiwan by the Chinese Nationalists.
The arsenal moved here from Canton.
The Chinese Nationalists made rifles and ammu-
nition here. The area is reported as 220 x
200 meters with 2 sections in the plant --
artillery-shell manufacturing and bomb
manufacturing.
September 1954
May 1949 to January 1951
October to November 1952
May 1950 to May 1953
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Central and Southern China
(Continued)
Chen-nan-kuan
(21?59' N - 106?43' E)
KWangsi
Ch'in hsien
(21058' N - 108?37' E)
KWangsi
Ch'in hsien
(21057' N - 108?37' E)
Kwangsi
Wu-chlang hsien
(Chin-k'ou)
(30020' N - 114007' E)
Hupeh
Ch'u-chiang
(24?)48' N - 113?35' E)
Kwangtung
Identification
8th Branch Factory
Yamchow Ammunition and Repair Plant
Arno Repair Shop
7th Arno Manufactory of the
Central Military Council
Estimated Labor Force
700 11/
600Lii_n/n
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Weapons:
Machine guns (light and heavy)
Ammunition:
Small- armsrounds
Artillery shells
Miscellaneous:
Repair of weapons
Ammunition:
60-mm mortar shells
Small-arms rounds
Ammunition:
Machine-gun rounds
Small hand grenades
Weapons:
Rifles
Miscellaneous:
Spare parts for weapons
Weapons:
Rifles
Machine guns (light)
Miscellaneous:
Repair of all types of
small arms
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S?E?C?R?E?T
Quantity
150,000 rounds mm/
3,000 rounds mm/
20,000 rounds mm/
150,000 rounds 1122./
600 units pp/
60 pieces pp/
Remarks
The factory moved from Kweilin in July 1951.
The factory is equipped 11/ with 4 machines
for manufacturing machine guns and 1 iron-
refining furnace. The director of the factory
is Lo Ch'i-ching.
The plant was under construction in .1952. 212/
In February 1954,50 experienced workers were
recruited to work in Pling-hsiang, and Ch'inhsien.
Soviet equipment arrived on 15 July 1951.
In 1951 the shop was reported as recently en-
larged. LIE/ It was also reported to be an
underground arsenal being constructed in the
mountains to the south of Wu-ch'ang-hsien to be
completed by the end of 1950. oo/
Construction started in early 1952. 22/
Machinery came partly from the USSR and partly
from the Bain-nan Arsenal. The head of the
factory is Yeh Ming, and the Soviet adviser is
Mach'ifu. Arno repair shop is located 3 miles
from the city and has 200 workers and machinery
from Shin-ching.
Date of Information
January 1950 to November 1951
October to November 1952
December 1950 to June 1951
October 1952 to February 1954
May 1952 to September 1952
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Central and Southern China
(Continued)
Chu-cbou
(27?50' N - 113009' E)
Hunan
Fang-oh'eng
(21?46' N - 108?21' E)
Kwangsi
Liu-chou
(24?190 N - 109?24' E)
KWangsi
Lung-ching (Lung-chou)
(22?20' N - 107?01' E)
Kwangsi
Nan-fling
(22?49'. N - 108019' E)
KWangsi
Identification
Arsenal of the Central and South
China Ordnance Administration
5th Arsenal of the South China
Military District
Liu-chou Machine Plant operated
by the KWangsi government
(former 884th Arsenal at Chi-la,
former 30th Arsenal under the
Chinese Nationalists, Liu-chou
Arno Repair Shop)
Nan-fling Machine Factory
Estimated Labor Force
4,600 rr/
3 shifts (1951)
800 (includes Viet Minh
workers) it!
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Small-arms rounds
Weapons:
Mortars (December 1952)
Machine guns (heavy and light)
Rifles
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
Hand grenades
Weapons:
Small arms (possibly)
Machine guns
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
Hand grenades
Miscellaneous:
Repair of small, arms
Machine tools and industrial
machinery ww/
Ammunition:
Shells and bombs
Weapons:
Smell arms and automatic
weapons
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
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S-E-C-R-E-T
Quantity
20,000 units ss/
90 pieces ss/
5,000 pieces ss/
1 million rounds 1/2/
(June 1951)
Remarks
ifilderground storage for mortar shells was being
prepared near the arsenal. There wasa sig-
nificant increase in production in March 1951
over January 1951.
The arsenal was established in late 1950 or
early 1951. uu/ It received new Soviet ma-
chinery in May 1952, Lul/ reportedly to produce
machine guns, rifles, pistols, and ammunition.
There is production for the Viet Minh. The
arsenal also repairs rifles. The director is
Chang Ting.
Armament repair operations were reported as re-
stored to normal in 1951. The arsenal repaired
5,000 rifles. 21/ Soviet experts were to be
assigned during 1952. In May 1951, 20 lathes,
10 cases of electric drills, and other small
machines arrived from Canton. The hand
grenade branch planned to move into the arsenal
in March 1951.
This is also a supply center for the distribution
of ammunition, Soviet arms, and materials from
Bloc countries to the Viet Minh.
The Nan-ning Weapons Repair Shop was reported as
moved to Heng-t'ang (22?23' N - 108?53' E).
This shop may have been expanded to assemble
weapons from Soviet-supplied parts (1953). At
the end of 1951, 90 Soviet technicians and 10
pieces of Soviet-made machinery arrived. 2E/
From 15 July to September 1953, daily deliveries
of copper ingots were reported at 60,000 to
70,000 pounds. yyl
Date of Information
May 1951 to December 1952
October 1950 to January 1954
February 1951 to March 1953
October 1950 to March 1952
October 1952 to November 1953
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Central and Southern China
(Continued)
P'ing-hsiang
(22?06' N - 106?44' E)
KWangsi
Swatow (Shan-tIou)
(23?22' N - 116040' E)
KWangtnng
Yen-ch'i
(28010' N - 110?57' E)
Milian
(East of ferry landing)
Southwestern China
Ch'eng-tu
(30040' N - 104?04'E)
(5 kilometers southeast of
the city)
Szechwan
Chungking (Chung-ch'ing)
(29?34' N - 106?35' E)
About 20 kilometers west
of Chungking
Szechwan
Identification
(Plao-t'ai)
Arsenal
31st Arsenal
Former 25th Arsenal
Estimated Labor Force
600 (1951) zz/
79 Soviet and Czechoslovak
mechanics and tech-
nicians who arrived in
September 1951. zz/
3,500 to 4,000 and
Soviet advisers ddd/
2,000 eee/
2,000 FgF/
(Chinese Nationalist
figure)
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Light and heavy infantry wea-
pons and ammunition for the
Viet Minh. (Possibly includes
light mortars, grenade
launchers, rifles, and auto-
matic weapons.)
Ammunition:
Bombs
Antitank shells
Sea mines
Weapons:
Machine guns (light and heavy)
82-mm mortars
Ammunition;
gmall-arms rounds
82-mm mortar shells
Band grenades
Miscellaneous:
Repair of small arms
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
- 4-9 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Quantity
15,000 rounds fff/
9 million ronnds.bhb/
(1944-49)
Remarks
Expansion was reported in 1953. aaa/ Soviet
machines and construction work were reported in
1951. bbb/ The Soviet adviser was Barkov (1951-
53; the superintendents are Tseng Sieng (1951)
and Chien Chang-hsin (1953); and the assistant
is Cheng Wei-nan (1951).
This arsenal was under construction in August
1951. ccc/
Labor reported at the arsenal includes 1,000 from
Indochina. The director is Wang Lei and the
Army representative is T'an Feng. The arsenal
was reported to be producing artillery shells
and rocket shells of a new type, but this is
doubtful.
In 1952, recent expansion was reported. eee/
The arsenal has 2 workshops -- 1-story brick
buildings with galvanized iron roofs. Rifle
production was reported as well as eight machine
guns in 1951.
The arsenal area is circular in shape and about
4 kilometers in diameter. There are about sixty
1-story-buildings of various shapes and sizes.
The arsenal was reported to be in full operation
in May 1950.
Date of Information
October 1950 to July 1953
August 1951
October 1952 to September 1953
1950 to 1952
19101 to 1950
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Southwestern China (Continued)
Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing)
(29034' N - 106?35' E)
About 5 kilometers west of
the Shan-hu-pa Airfield
Szechwan
Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing)
(29?34 N - 106?35' E)
Szechwan
Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing)
(29?34' N - 106?35' E)
(Tan-tzu-shih) (Across the
Yangtze /alang Chian
River from Chiang-pei
Szechwan
Lu-lieien
(28?53' N - 105023' E)
Szechwan
Northwestern China
Feng-hsiang
(34026' N - 107018' E)
Shensi
Identification
Former 1st Arsenal
Former 20th Arsenal
Former 30th Arsenal
Former 23d Chemical Arsenal
Arsenal
Estimated Labor Force
1,200 (1947) iii/
1,000 kkk/
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Ammunition:
Artillery shells
Weapons:
7.9-mm rifles
Machine guns (light)
Ammunition:
Small- armsrounds
Flare shells
Mortar shells
Ammunition:
Hand grenades
Ammunition:
Chemical grenades with
grenade launchers
Weapons:
Copy of Soviet rifle
- 51 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Quantity
10,000 rounds
600 pieces
200 pieces
10 million to 18 million
rounds jjj/
15,000 units 111/
(1954)
Remarks
The arsenal was reported to be in partial produc-
tion in May 1950. It is reported to be an
underground arsenal with machine shops in numer-
ous caves. Machinery was moved here from
Hang-yang during the Sino-Japanese War.
The arsenal area is about 4.5 x 2.5 kilometers,
and there are about 200 1-story buildings of
various sizes. Under the Chinese Nationalists,
powder was imported from the US. It was
slightly damaged by the Chinese Nationalists.
Only a portion was in operation in May 1950.
Many steps in manufacturing were done by hand
labor.
This is a small arsenal. Possibly it produces
rifle grenades and rifle-grenade launchers.
Machines were moved here from Hang-yang during
the Sino-Japanese War.
The arsenal was reported as partially removed by
the Chinese Nationalists. Under the Chinese
Nationalists (1948) it was reported to consist
of a gas-mask plant, a nitrocellulose plant, and
a sulfuric acid plant. The arsenal was not in
production in 1950.
Date of Information
1944 to 1952
1944 to February 1951
1944 to 1951
October 1948 to June 1954
This is a new arsenal mmm/ August 1952 to November 1952
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Table 6
Minor Arsenals in Communist China
(Continued)
Location
Northwestern China (Continued)
Sian (Hsi-an)
(34?16' N - 108?54' E)
Shensi
Tso-shui
(33?40' N - 109009' E)
Shensi
T'ung-wei
(35?18' N - 105?10 E)
(Northwest of Tien-shui)
Kansu
Yen-an (Fu-shih)
(36?34 N - 109?27 E)
Shensi
Yung-teng
(36?44' N - 103024' E)
Kansu
Identification
Arsenal
Arsenal
Arsenal
1st Northwest China Arsenal
Estimated Labor Force
Estimated Monthly Capacity
Item
Weapons:
Mortars (unknown size)
Miscellaneous:
Accessories for rifles and
machine guns
Weapons:
Copy of Soviet machine gun
Ammunition:
Rifle shells
2,500 mmm/ Ammunition:
Unknown number of Soviet Mortar shells
technicians Hand grenades
Weapons:
Rifles
Grenade launchers
1,000 laborers. p
300 Soviet Japanese and
European technicians PPP/
Ammunition:
Small-arms rounds
Weapons:
Small arms
Quantity
Rem,r)rks
This is an old arsenal. Chinese Communist plans
call for expansion and the introduction of
Soviet equipment and methods. EREV
This is a new arsenal. mmm/
This is a new arsenal. mmm/
Date of Information
August 1952 to November 1952
August 1952 to November 1952
August 1952
It is reported by some to be Communist built. 000/ January 1950 to November 1952
This arsenal received Soviet-made machinery. ppp/
The superintendent is Wang 10o.
k. 52
1. Ii(
n. 55/
o. T6/
P' 24/q- 5 /
r. 3/
s. To(
t. 7/
y.
r6/
z.'7(
bb/.aa.
bt
cc. 70/
dd. 11/
ee'
ff. le
gg'
hh. 156(
ii'
jj- 77/
Irk. 78/
11. 79/
mm. 0
10.11
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oo. 52/
PP- T3
qq.
rr. 5
ss.
tt.
uu. 86/
vv. a3/
ww.
xx. 91/
YY' .2V
zz. 243(
aaa.
bbb. 95/
ccc.
ddd. TA/
eee.
fff. 22/
ggg. 100/
hhh. 101/
November 1951
iii.
102/
jjj.
103/
kkk.
TIT/
105/
106/
rain.
107/
000.
To7/
ppp.
109/
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APPENDIX C
METHODOLOGY
1. Ammunition Capacity Estimates.
The estimated monthly capacity for the production of ammunition in
Communist China was based on the reported production figures summarized
in Appendix B. Many reports mention only the number of rounds per
category of ammunition and do not list exact calibers. Adequate infor-
mation needed to arrive at a weighted average weight for a represent-
ative round for each category was lacking. To Obtain the minimum
capacity, in tons/ for artillery and mortar shells and grenades, the
lowest weight within the category was used. The 7.62-mm rifle and
machine gun round was used to Obtain the minimum capacity, in tons, of
small arms ammunition.
The following items and weights were used: artillery shells,
70-mm -- 9.9 pounds; mortar shells, 60-mm -- 3.25 pounds; small arms,
rounds, 7.62-mm -- 0.055 pounds; and hand grenades -- 1.54 pounds.
The minimum capacity for the production of ammunition in Communist
China was determined by totaling the reported production from Appendix
B, in tons, and in rounds converted to tons. The monthly estimates
shown in Table 1* were derived from this total.
Table 7** gives the estimated monthly capacity for the production
of ammunition in the Mukden Arsenal complex in 1948. The complex
was given more detailed treatment than any of the other arsenals be-
cause it is the major munitions-producing complex in Communist China
and because more detailed information on production according to
calibers was available for this arsenal than was available for the
others.
2. Production Capacity for Weapons.
To arrive at the general magnitude of additional capacity of the
arsenals for which no monthly rates of production are available,
analogous comparisons of the more important arsenals, as listed below,
* P. 6, above.
** Table 7 follows on p. 56.
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Table 7
> >
73
73 Estimated Monthly Capacity for the Production of Ammunition -13
-13
3 3
in the Mukden Arsenal Complex of Communist China
< 1948
CD
<
a m
a
m
O -n
Weight of -1
0
-1
73 Weight of Weight of
(D Reported Production 2/ Individual Round Reported Production Reported Production e,
73
gf Type of Ammunition (Units) (Pounds) (Pounds) (Tons) ET
CI) m
Small arms rounds 220,000 0
m 4,000,000 o.o55 110 (D
-.%
CD Mortar shells
CD
CD
a
60-mm
to
.25 81- and 82-mm
IV 120-mm
20,000
3.25
65,000
32
30,000
8.52
256
128
10,000
35.2
352,000
176
%
-.
CD
CD
CD
a
CD
a
IV
2J ..
..
C) Artillery shells 0
>
33
0
T
-.4
CD
6
-.%
0
CD
75-mm
Hand grenades
Total
lol000
200,000
19.1
1.54
191,000
308,000
100 12/
150
700 12/
?.
33
0
....4
CD
4)
?%
0
GI a. 110/ CD
04
> '
b Rounded. >
0
0 0
?% 0
0 ?%
0 0
0 0
0 0
CD -56- 0
0 CD
0 0
0 S -E-C -R-E-T 0
?% 0
Co ?
%
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were made where applicable. Analogous arsenals were selected on the
basis of old Chinese Nationalist production estimates, 211/ the types
of end items reported to be produced, and the similarity of geographic
areas of production. The arsenals selected were the following:
Mukden Arsenal complex; T'ai-yuan Arsenal complex; Tsinan Arsenal com-
plex; Hsin-nan Arsenal, Canton; Wu-han Arsenal complex; former 10th
Arsenal, Chungking; and former 21st Arsenal, Chungking.
a. Artillery.
The capacity of the Mukden Arsenal complex was compared with
that reported for the T'ai-yuan Arsenal complex, and the capacity of
the Wu-han Arsenal complex was compared with that reported for the
Hsin-nan Arsenal in Canton. An estimated additional capacity of 100
percent over the reported production capacity is suggested.
b. Mortars.
Similar comparisons were made to obtain the estimated capacity
of the Mukden and Wu-han arsenals to produce mortars. In addition,
the capacity of the Chungking former 21st Arsenal was compared with the
reported capacity of the Chungking former 10th Arsenal. An estimated
additional capacity of 30 percent over the total reported production
capacity is suggested.
c. Machine Guns.
Similar comparisons were made to obtain the estimated capacity
of the Mukden and Wu-han arsenals to produce machine guns. An esti-
mated additional capacity of 40 percent over the reported production
capacity is suggested.
d. Small Arms.
The submachine gun production of the Chungking former 21st
Arsenal was compared with that of the Mukden Arsenal complex and the
capacity at the Tsinan Arsenal complex with that of the Canton arsenals.
An estimated additional capacity of about 70 percent over the reported
production capacity is suggested.
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APPENDIX D
GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
A.most serious gap in intelligence exists in the area of produc-
tion information after 1949. Information on raw materials going into
arsenals, on the capital equipment presently used in the arsenals,
and on the specific end products of the arsenals is almost nonexistent.
The reports of production which do exist ,consist largely of simple
references to types of armaments such as 'small arms, artillery, guns,
grenades, shells or small arms ammunition, or artillery ammunition.
Descriptions of buildings are out of date in most cases, and
photointelligence is lacking on even the major production installa-
tions such as the arsenals around Chungking and T'ai-yuan. Little
information to confirm developments in the munitions industry of
Communist China since 1949 is available.
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25X1X4
25X1X4
25X1X4
25X1X7
25X1X4
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APPENDIX E
SOURCE REFERENCES
25X1X4
The large majority-of sources used in this report were
The
reports were based on interrogations of Japanese prisoners of war
and other repatriates who were in Communist China, on articles appear-
ing ll.=
in the Chinese Communist press, and on information from 25X1X4
The quality of the information available from the interrogation
of persons returning from Communist China ranges from reliable to
completely false. It is believed that the poorest of the interroga-
tion reports have been recognized and eliminated. The reports which
were used were generally confirmed by two or more sources. A large
part or the detailed information available on Chinese Communist arse-
nals comes from these interrogation reports which, unfortunately, are
based on observations during 1949, 1950, and possibly 1951, and do
not give the current picture.
Articles from the Chinese Communist press were used cautiously.
Generally the Communist-controlled press within Communist China gives
very little information on the arsenals or on the Second Ministry of
the Machine Industry. The information that does reach the Chinese
Communist newspapers is, however, more reliable than that received
in the more numerous newspaper reports from Hong Kong, T'ai-pei? and
Tokyo. The most unreliable were those from the pro-Chinese Nationalist
Hong Kong newspapers, although they also are the most prolific in
information on Chinese arsenals.
is very valuable and
considered reliable depending upon the c anne s hrough which the in-
formation was obtained. Information from
is used very cautiously. As with the pro-Chinese
Nationalist press, the information often happens to strengthen the
Chinese Nationalist cause. The estimate of the reliability of
is based on the evaluation of
the reporting agency when this information does not conflict with
reliable information already on hand.
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25X1X7
25X1X4
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Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
have the following significance:
Source of Information
Doc. - Documentary
A - Completely reliable
B - Usually reliable
C - Fairly reliable
D - Not usually reliable
E - Not reliable
F - Cannot be judged
Information
1 - Confirmed by other
2 - Probably true
3 - Possibly true
4 - Doubtful
5 - Probably false
6 - Cannot be judged
sources
"Documentary" refers to original documents of foreign governments
and organizations; copies or translations of such documents by a staff
officer; or information extracted from such documents by a staff
officer, all of which may carry the field evaluation "Documentary."
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on the
cited document; those designated "RR" are by the avtbor of this report.
No "RR" evaluation is given when the author agrees with the evaluation
on the cited document.
25X1 A2
?
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5X1 A2g
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M1M MUM MI Uhl= M.
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ALIST
rung-wei?
78
96
COMMUNIST CHINA
Armament Production Facilities
? Major arsenal 0 Minor arsenal
100
0 Minor arsenal, new (1951-53)
International boundary
International boundary, indefinite
Communist-province boundary, December 1954
Administrative-area boundary, 1 January 1954
(Abolished by December 1954)
National capital
200
Scale 1:10,000,000
600
Statute Miles
100 Ito eoo
SOO
Kilometers
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