JOINT ARMY NAVY INTELLIGENCE STUDY EUROPEAN U.S.S.R. CLIMATE AND WEATHER

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES, CHAPTER V
CHANGE IN
SUBJECT MATTER EFFECT PAGE NUMBERS
Cover page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original unnumbered
List of Effective Pages, Table of Contents, and List of Ta-
bles, Chapter V (inside front cover) . . . . . . . Original unnumbered
Text and Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original pp. V-1 to V-10
Figure (insert, reverse blank) . . . . . . . . . . Original Figure V-4
Figure (insert, reverse blank) . . . . . . . . . . . Original Figure V-5
Text and Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original pp. V-11 to V-44
Figures (insert, reverse blank) . . . . . . . . . . Original Figures V-18 to
V-30
Text and Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original pp. V-45 to V-56
Figure (insert, reverse blank) . . . . . . . . . . Original Figure V-31
List of Tables, continued, and Imprint (inside back cover,
reverse blank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original unnumbered
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Note: This chapter is based on material available in Washington, D. C., on 15 October, 1946.
Page
50. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . V- 1
51. GENERAL CLIMATIC-SYNOPTIC REGIME . V- 2
A. Major climatic controls . . . . . . . V- 2
B. Synoptic aspects of climate and weather . V- 2
(1) Polar continental air . . . . . . V- 3
(2) Maritime polar air . . . . . . . V- 5
(3) Maritime tropical air . . . . . . V- 5
(4) Continental tropical air . . . . t. V- 5
(5) Frontal weather . . . . . . . . V- 5
52. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF WEATHER AND
CLIMATE . . . . . . . . . . . V- 6
A. Weather and military operations . . . . V- 6
(1) Ground operations . . . . . . . V- 6
(2) Air operations . . . . . . . . . V- 7
(3) Naval operations . . . . . . . . V_ 9
(4) Amphibious operations . . . . . V-11
(5) Chemical warfare operations . . . V- 12
B. Weather and nonmilitary activities . . . V- 13
(1) Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . V- 13
(2) Industry . . . . . . . . . . . V- 13
(3) Transportation and supply . . . . V- 13
(4) Construction . . . . . . . . . V- 14
53. SYNOPTIC WEATHER TYPES AND FORE-
CASTING PROBLEMS . . . . . . . . V- 14
Page
A. Synoptic weather types . . . . . . . V - 14
(1) General features of synoptic analysis . V - 14
(2) Movement of cyclones . . . . . . V - 14
(3) Movement and characteristics of anti-
cyclones . . . . . . . . . . V- 16
(4) Weather associated with frontal sys-
tems . . . . . . . . . . . V -17
B. Forecasting problems . . . . . . . . V- 19
(1) Forecasting air-mass weather . . . V - 19
(2) Forecasting from local indications . . V-19
(3) Long-range forecasting problems . . V-19
54. CLIMATIC STATISTICS . . . . . . . . V- 19
A. Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . V-20
B. Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . V-25
C. Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . V- 29
D. Surface wind . . . . . . . . . . . V - 31
E. Upper-air wind . . . . . . . . . . V-44
F. Cloud and ceilings . . . . . . . . . V-45
G. Thunderstorms and turbulence . . . . V- 51
H. Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . V- 52
55. PRINCIPAL SOURCES . . . . . . . . V-56
A. Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . V-56
B. List of references . . . . . . . . . V-56
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
V- 1 Percentage frequency of winds favorable V_
for incendiary bombing (13 m.p.h. or
greater) V_ 9 V_
V- 2 Percentage frequency of winds favorable
for parachute operations (12 m.p.h. or V_
less . . . . . . . . . . . . . V- 9
V- 3 Percentage frequency of specified surface V_
wind speeds . . . . . . . . . . V-13
V- 4 List of stations . . . . . . . . . . V-19
Table Page
5 Mean monthly and annual precipitation
in inches . . . . . . . . . . . V- 20
6 Greatest monthly and annual total precip-
itation in inches . . . . . . . . . V-20
7 Least monthly and annual total precipita-
tion in inches . . . . . . . . . . V - 21
8 Mean number of days with precipitation
greater than a trace . . . . . . . V - 21
(Table of Contents continued, inside back cover)
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Chapter V
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Prepared under supervision of Joint Meteorological Committee, Joint Chiefs of Staff,
by Army Air Forces, Headquarters Air Weather Service; Aerology Section,
Deputy Chief of Naval Operatons (Air); and Weather Bureau,
Department of Commerce
50. INTRODUCTION
The climate of European U.S.S.R. is continental, charac-
terized by severe, long winters and moderate, short sum-
mers. It is transitional between the maritime climate of
western Europe and the arid climate of central Asia.
In latitude the zone occupied by European U.S.S.R. is ap-
proximately the same as the zone between the Great Lakes
and the Arctic coast of Canada. However, because the
warm waters of the North Atlantic maintain relatively
high temperatures in the air which moves eastward into
Europe and western Asia, the climate of European U.S.S.R.
is not so severe as that of an equivalent latitudinal zone
in central North America or Siberia.
Summaries of data and conclusions based thereon nave
been made for 52 stations (TABLE V-4 and FIGURE V-31) in
and near European U.S.S.R. Because the topography is
extremely uniform, only such climatic variations as can
be explained by minor terrain difference (low hills, river
basins, marshes) are orographic in origin. In general,
the data concerning temperature, precipitation, thunder-
storms, gales, and wind can be considered representative
of conditions in the vicinity. Ceiling and visibility data
however, show variations depending upon minor topo-
graphic features so that data from one station should not
be considered representative of conditions at any distance
from the station.
The temperature and precipitation in European U.S.S.R.
vary with latitude and with distance from the relatively
warm, moist, water areas of the North Atlantic. The
coldest regions a-? in the north and east, the warmest in
the south and west (FIGURES V-1 and V-2). Temperatures
are below freezing for practically all stations during the
winter months and range from the fifties to the low
eight'es in the summer. Precipitation shows a more
random variation, but is generally greatest in the west and
south and least in the east and north. Compared to the
eastern United States and western Europe. precipitation is
sparse over most of this area.
Cloudiness shows random variation because of the effect
of local topography on the formation of stratus clouds.
In general, the Arctic coast, Baltic coast, and coastal
areas of the Gulf of Finland are the cloudiest regions of
European U.S.S.R. The least cloudy areas are the Black
Sea coast and the Volga-Caspian basin. The Ukraine is
intermediate in cloudiness. Cloudiness is at a maximum
in winter, at most stations but stations along the Arctic
coast have a maximum in summer.
Page V-1
Low ceilings and low visibility are at a maximum in the
winter for most stations, but some of the stations along
the Arctic coast and Black Sea coast are exceptions, with
the maximum frequency in summer. The regional vari-
ation of low ceilings and visibility is random, because local
topographic influences exercise considerable control over
the formation of radiation fogs and stratus clouds. In
general, the expectancy is fewer than five days a month
with ceilings low enough to affect flight operations ad-
versely. Ten to twenty days a month can be expected
with dangerously low visibilities sometime during the day.
Winds are distributed fairly evenly around the compass.
The succession of low pressure centers through the region
brings winds from all quarters. Wind velocity varies
greatly, both gales and calms occurring frequently during
the winter months. Upper winds also show a fairly even
distribution around the compass, in the first 13,000 feet.
Above this altitude, the frequency of westerly winds in-
creases considerably (FIGURES V-16 to V-30).
Ground operations are greatly restricted by severe cold
and snow in the winter and by muddy soil conditions in
the spring and early summer. In the extreme northern
regions the subsoil remains frozen during the entire year.
Air operations are restricted mainly by the difficulty of
keeping airstrips operational. Naval operations and water
transportation are greatly restricted by ice conditions in
winter months. Ports in the Crimea and in the Murmansk
area remain open all year. All other ports are closed to
navigation during part of the winter.
Regions favorable for agriculture from a climatic stand-
point are the Ukraine and the Black Sea coast. In these
areas, precipitation is usually ample, although droughts
are not unusual. In the Caspian and Volga basins, ir-
rigation is necessary for successful large-scale farming.
Through the north-central region of European U.S.S.R.,
forests rather than open plains predominate and although
the precipitation is ample and winters not too severe, there
is no extensive cultivation. In the extreme north the
marshy condition of the soil and the short growing season
are unfavorable for agriculture.
Industrial development is not greatly restricted by cli-
matic conditions, but, in the north, it is probably ham-
pered by the increased need for protection against cold and
storm, and by restriction of transportation. Construction
during the winter and spring is difficult because of the
unusual precautions which must be taken to prevent
failure of structures as a result of freezing action and low
temperatures.
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JANIS 40
51. GENERAL CLIMATIC-SYNOPTIC
REGIME
A. Major climatic controls
The climate of European U.S.S.R. is controlled primarily
by the extent, configuration, and surface characteristics
of the land areas, the pressure distribution, the configura-
tion and temperature of adjacent bodies of water, and the
variations in incoming solar radiation and outgoing radia-
tion from the earth.
The vast land area of Eurasia, of which European
U.S.S.R. is a part, provides an excellent surface for large-
scale heat transfer through radiational processes with con-
sequent large fluctuations in surface temperature During
the summer, months, large amounts of incoming solar radi-
ation heat the ground and set up strong convection cur-
rents. Where sufficient moisture is available in the at-
mosphere, cumulus formations result and rain showers
occur. Over most of European U.S.S.R., a summer maxi-
mum of rainfall results (TABLES V-5 through V-7). Dur-
ing the winter, incoming solar radiation decreases to a
low value and large amounts of heat energy are radiated
to the atmosphere. The result is rapid cooling of the
land surface and consequent low temperatures and radia-
tion fogs. Along the coasts, the sea has a stabilizing
effect on the atmosphere and temperatures are less ex-
treme. Thus, the coastal areas of the Black and Caspian
Seas, as well as the shore areas of the large lakes, bays, and
gulfs, show higher winter temperatures and lower sum-
mer temperatures (TABLES V-15 through V-17). Even
when the water surfaces are frozen, there is a certain
amount of warming of the atmosphere, since the ice con-
ducts heat to the atmosphere from the water beneath.
In general, there are no marked climatic variations
caused by topographic features in European U.S.S.R. The
entire area consists of a vast plain extending north from
the mountain chain of southern Europe and Asia and is
remarkably uniform in topography.
One noteworthy exception, however, is the effect of the
mountain ranges of the Caucasus on the climate of the
Volga basin. Warm, moist air originating in the Mediter-
ranean moves northeastward and precipitates the greater
portion of its moisture on the western slopes of the Cau-
casus Mountains (Kavkazckiy Khrebet). The air descend-
ing the eastern slopes of these mountains is dry and
warmed adiabatically, causing arid conditions in the lower
Volga and Caspian basins. Mean rainfall is greater in the
central and northern Volga basin, away from the influence
of the mountains. In addition to the heating of the air
during descent from the mountains, air flowing from any
direction into the Caspian basin, which lies below sea
level, is warmed by downslope heating. Since little mois-
ture is normally available for convective cloud formations
in this area, the summer maximum of rainfall character-
istic of most stations in European U.S.S.R. is absent. In-
stead, the lower Volga and Caspian basins show approxi-
mately equal mean rainfall from month to month. Rain
over the lower Volga and Caspian areas is usually associ-
ated with cyclonic storms which move eastward from the
Black Sea.
Although features of the pressure patterns over Euro-
pean U.S.S.R. are by no means as persistent as those over
eastern Asia, and the variations in synoptic situations are
similar to those occurring in western Europe and the Unit-
ed States, certain large-scale pressure systems dominate
the summer and winter circulation. Over northern Asia,
an extensive high pressure cell develops during the winter
as a result of the cooling of the lower layers of the atmos-
phere by radiation. The western edge of this high pressure
cell lies in the vicinity of the Ural Mountains (Ural'skiye
Khrebet). Also during the winter, an extension of the
Icelandic low pressure area forms over the warm ocean
water to the north of Scandinavia. As a result of the con-
tinental high and the oceanic low, the prevailing winds
north of about 50? are southerlies. Over the southern
Volga and Caspian basins the prevailing winds are east-
erlies which are in the circulation on the southern edge
of the mean high pressure system located north of the
Caspian Sea.
During the summer the heating of the Asiatic land mass
results in the formation of a vast heat low, the western
side of which merges into the weakened summer Ice-
landic low pressure area. The result is a flat low pressure
system over northern European U.S.S.R. Over the north-
ern coastal areas northerly winds prevail. The North
Atlantic high pressure cell extends eastward over south-
western Europe during the summer months and results
in prevailing northwest and north winds over western and
southwestern European U.S.S.R.
European U.S.S.R. has a considerably less severe climate
than areas of Siberia and North America in a comparable
latitudinal zone. This results largely from the stabilizing
influence of the water areas. It can be seen that the
mean winter isotherms (FIGURE V-1) lie roughly parallel
to the Baltic Sea coast. The water of the North Atlantic
is considerably warmer than normal for its latitude be-
cause of the North Atlantic drift current. Since there are
no topographic barriers to block air flow from the west,
relatively warm polar maritime air can invade European
U.S.S.R. from the west and south. In addition, the waters
of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland maintain rela-
tively high temperatures along the coastal areas during
the winter months. On the north coast of European
U.S.S.R., the mean temperatures and the extent and dura-
tion of sea ice are largely dependent upon the location
in relation to the warm extension of the North Atlantic
drift current which passes to the north of North Cape and
into the Barents Sea. As a result of this warm current.
ports such as Murmansk are ice-free all year, while sea
areas not benefited by the warm currents freeze. In
southwestern U.S.S.R. the Black and the Caspian Seas
prevent extreme temperature variations.
The variation of incoming solar radiation with latitude
accounts for some of the peculiarities in climate in U.S.S.R.
During the winter the days are short, the nights long, and
as a result large amounts of heat energy are lost from the
ground during the night which are not replaced during the
day. Were it not for replacement of heat energy from
other sources, e.g., warm air from ocean areas, the tem-
perature drop would be considerably greater than it is.
In the winter the northern coast receives very little direct
radiation from the sun. In the summer, however, tie days
are extremely long, and the insolation exceeds even that
at the equator. Extremely rapid mean temperature rises
take place in May and June, and equally rapid falls in
September because of the quick reversal in heat transfer.
A short but warm summer, with extremely brief trans-
itional seasons, is the result of this radiational variation.
B. Synoptic aspects of climate and weather
European U.S.S.R. is the western extremity of a vast
source region of continental air masses. Thus, continen-
tal air-mass characteristics are intensified over the area,
and maritime air masses undergo extensive modification.
The sources, characteristics, modifications, and frequency
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER
30? 40? 50? 60?
EUROPEAN i6 '4 12 10 8 6 4 0
U.S.S.R. B o r e n s s e
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of four principal types of air masses as they appear over
European U.S.S.R. are discussed briefly below.
(1) Polar continental air
During the winter months, the Asiatic land mass north
of the mountain chain extending from the Caucasus to
Indochina is a source region for polar continental air (cP).
Page V-3
The snow cover, cold ground, and topography favor stagna-
tion of the air, permitting extensive radiation and loss of
water vapor from the low levels of the atmosphere. A
large, semipermanent anticyclone composed of cP air forms
over Asia during the winter. It extends to the Urals
and frequently into Europe, bringing cP air from the
southeast and east. The surface temperatures in cP air
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JANIS 40 19
GF7
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER
vary greatly depending upon the surface over which the
air moves and the magnitude of radiation. The lowest
temperatures recorded in European U.S.S.R. are in cP air.
Specific humidity is extremely low. Over European
U.S.S.R. the cP air originating in Asia is rather shallow,
being on the periphery of the cold dome centered in Siberia
and Mongolia. Frequently, maritime polar air moves from
the west in the upper-level winds over the cP air. This
air is characterized by higher specific humidity and tem-
perature. Maritime polar air from the North Atlantic
is modified by passage over northern Europe and, when
stagnated over eastern Europe, may be transformed to
cP air. This cP air is not so cold or so dry as that origi-
nating over Asia. Although there is much variation in
weather conditions in cP air, in general, low temperatures,
low humidities, stable cloud forms (stratus), radiation
fogs, and pronounced cold winter weather phenomena
occur most frequently in cP air.
During the summer, northeastern Europe north of 50?N
is a source region for cP air. Summer cP air masses
are stable when first formed, but movement over warm
land areas results in rapid heating at the surface and con-
sequent unstable cloud forms. Summer cP air is similar
to summer mP air.
(2) Maritime polar air
This type of air moves into European U.S.S.R. from the
west and is modified by the land trajectory before reach-
ing eastern Europe. Enough heat and moisture is re-
tained in this air to keep the surface temperatures in
European U.S.S.R. from dropping to the extremes reached
in Siberia. The mP air is modified by cooling through
radiation and contact cooling from below, and by drying
of the air by precipitation and sublimation of moisture
in the low layers on the snow. The high pressure cell
occupying Asia during the winter months tends to block
cyclonic systems moving in from the west. The moist
air accompanying the cyclonic systems is forced aloft
over the cold dome, and as a result mP air is frequently
fcund over surface cP air. When mP air is modified to
cP air over European U.S.S.R., the surface layers are modi-
fied first so that mP properties are evident only aloft.
(3) Maritime tropical air
This type of air reaches European U.S.S.R. only infre-
quently. The mountains of southern Europe and south-
western Asia block intrusions of mT air from the south
and east. The only air reaching U.S.S.R. which exhibits
mT characteristics originates in the Mediterranean and
Black Seas and is considerably modified before reaching
the Ukraine and Volga areas. This air shows mT proper-
ties only in the low layers because the water trajectory
over the seas is quite limited. The southwesterly flow into
cyclonic systems which move eastward across U.S.S.R. oc-
casionally brings mT air in the upper levels of the atmos-
phere.
(4) Continental tropical air
This air arrives in European U.S.S.R. during the summer
months from arid central and southwestern Asia. The
dryness of cT air at its source is extreme but, as it passes
into southeastern Europe, it absorbs moisture from the
Caspian and Black Seas and other surface waters. The
addition of moisture from the surface results in convective
instability, clouds, and showers in southern Europe dur-
ing the summer.
(5) Frontal weather
Although the sequence of frontal weather cannot be
described by mean data, there are two "mean" fronto-
genetical fields which deserve mention. During the winter
Page V-5
months, the combination of a warm-water area to the north
of Europe with the prevailing southwesterly flow to the
southeast of the Icelandic low results in a strong tempera-
ture gradient in the Barents and Kara Seas (Karskoye
More). This zone of strong temperature gradient lies in.
an area of predominantly low pressure and is a zone of
active frontogenesis. This frontogenetical area is called,
the Arctic Front. In the Mediterranean Sea another zone
favorable for the formation of fronts is caused by the con-
vergence of cold air from eastern Europe and warm air
from the southern Mediterranean. Cyclonic storms origi-
nating in this area are responsible for the winter maxi-
mum of rainfall in the Mediterranean and southeastern
Europe.
In the summer months, the frontogenetical zone in the
Mediterranean dissipates as a result of the replacement of
cP air in the north Mediterranean by warm continental.
air from Europe. In the Barents and Kara Seas, the
Arctic Front moves southward in the summer months to
cover northern U.S.S.R. The Arctic Front now is formed.
in a zone of convergence between cold maritime polar air
and warmer continental air. The effect on the climate
of north U.S.S.R. is to cause a rainy, foggy, and cloudy
summer.
Cyclonic storms crossing European U.S.S.R. generally
originate in the zones of strong temperature gradient in.
the eastern Atlantic. They weaken while moving across
the continent because of the decrease in temperature con-
trast and removal from surface moisture supply. The
winter cyclones are frequently blocked by the Asiatic high.
pressure cell when they reach eastern U.S.S.R., and the
associated frontal system moves aloft over the cold dome
or is forced northeastward into the southerly flow on the
west side of the high. The winter precipitation received.
in central and northern U.S.S.R. occurs in cyclonic storms.
Although the amount is relatively small, it falls as snow
which accumulates until spring. The winter rainfall.
which occurs in the southern and southwestern portion
of European U.S.S.R. occurs in the cyclonic storms which
cross Turkey and the Black Sea. These storms are rela-
tively infrequent, and the total rainfall received is con-
sequently small.
Summer cyclonic systems over Europe are much less
intense than those of winter, as is typical in temperate
regions. However, precipitation which occurs in summer
cyclonic storms exceeds that occurring in winter cyclones
because of the greater instability of the summer air masses.
During the winter, the majority of frontal systems mov-
ing over European U.S.S.R. are occluded fronts. The cir-
culation around the low pressure systems of the North
Atlantic prevents cold air from the Arctic from moving
southeastward over eastern Europe; consequently, out-
breaks of polar air and accompanying cold fronts are not
common. In addition, the air over the continent is con-
siderably colder than the maritime air over the North
Atlantic and there is no tendency for the Atlantic air to
force the continental air aloft. Warm fronts are fairly
common, particularly in the southern, part of the area
in connection with cyclonic storms. The warm fronts
are frequently indistinct and located in the broad conver-,
gence area on the eastern side of cyclones. Occluded fronts
are of the warm type with the air to the rear of the front
of maritime origin and that ahead of the front of con-
tinental origin
In summer the frontal systems are weak, and occluded.
fronts originating in cyclones of the North Atlantic are pre-,
dominant. Warm and cold fronts occur in connection
with small cyclones which form over the continent in
shallow low pressure areas.
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JANIS 40
52. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
A. Weather and military operations
(1) Ground operations
The major factors affecting ground operations in Euro-
pean U.S.S.R. are a) precipitation, b) temperature, c) gales
and blizzards, d) visibility, e) snow cover, and f) duration
of frozen ground conditions.
(a) Precipitation
1. TYPE.-With very few exceptions, precipitation
occurring during June, July, and August is in the form of
rain. Stations in the extreme north report only rare snow-
falls during the summer months. Stations in the south
along the Black Sea coast report no snow from April
or May until October or November (TABLE V-12). In the
central regions the last snowfalls of the year are in late
spring and the earliest in early fall. In intervening
months precipitation is in the form of rain.
2. AMOUNT.-Mean yearly precipitation seldom ex-
ceeds 25 inches anywhere in European U.S.S.R. (TABLE
V-5). Minimum annual precipitation occurs in the arid
southwest near the Caspian Sea and in the extreme north
on the islands in the Barents and Kara Seas. In these
regions, annual precipitation is approximately 6 inches.
Maximum annual precipitation occurs along the Baltic
coastal regions and in the Ukraine where mean yearly
amounts between 20 and 25 inches are recorded.
Mean monthly winter precipitation rarely exceeds 2
inches and only infrequently exceeds 1.50 inches. This
precipitation falls as snow. One inch of rain (as all
precipitation is recorded) is equivalent to approximately
11 inches of snow. Although annual precipitation is not
so great as that in western Europe and the eastern United
States, it should be remembered that winter precipitation
remains on the ground until the spring thaw.
Mean monthly summer precipitation varies greatly from
station to station because summer rainfall occurs pri-
marily in the form of convective showers and the distribu-
tion of rainfall is not so uniform as it is in winter precipita-
tion that occurs in cyclonic storms. In the Ukraine mean
monthly summer rainfalls of about 3 inches are typical.
In the and Volga and Caspian basins, the summer monthly
rainfall is approximately 0.5 inch.
Maximum winter monthly precipitation (TABLE V-6) on
record is approximately 5 inches and occurs at the stations
near the Baltic coast and the Black Sea coastal area.
Maximum monthly summer rainfalls (TABLE V-6) average
about 7 inches and occur in the Ukraine and near the
Baltic Sea. Minimum monthly winter precipitation
ranges from none to a few tenths of an inch at all stations.
Minimum monthly summer precipitation (TABLE V-7) is
reported as none at some stations in the southwest and at
stations in the Volga and Caspian basins. Most stations
report a few tenths of an inch as the lowest summer
monthly rainfall on record.
3. FREQUENCY.-Along the northern Black Sea coast
and in the Volga-Caspian basin the frequency of days with
a trace or more precipitation (TABLE V-8) is less than 100 a
year. This region shows a minimum in rainfall frequency
for European U.S.S.R. Maximum frequency of days with
precipitation occurs in the region along the Baltic coast.
At Leningrad, for example, an average of 203 days with
precipitation is reported.
The frequency of days with precipitation (TABLE V-8)
shows little variation from month to month. Some sta-
tions show a slight maximum in winter and others in sum-
mer. The frequency of days with small amounts of pre-
cipitation (TABLE V-11) is also approximately constant for
all stations, but the frequency of days with one inch or
more (TABLE V-9) is at a maximum during the summer
for most stations since the greatest amounts of precipita-
tion occur in summer showers.
The annual frequency of days with snow (TABLE V-12)
varies from about 10 along the Black Sea coast to about
160 on the islands in the Barents and Kara Seas.
4. INTENSITY.-Maximum 24-hour precipitation
(TABLE V-10) during the winter months is less than 2
inches in all cases and averages about 0.8 inch. During
the summer, the record 24-hour rainfall for the area
occurred at Taganrog in July and the amount was 5.5
inches. Few stations report summer 24-hour precipita-
tion records in excess of 3 inches.
(b) Temperature.-With few exceptions, mean daily
maximum temperatures (TABLE V-16) are below freezing
during the winter months. Mean daily maxima vary
from 43?F. in December at Sevastopol' on the Black Sea
coast to 5.5?F. in January at Ufa in the central west.
Mean daily minima (TABLE V-17) for the winter months
vary from 34.5?F. in December at Sevastopol' to -3.3?F.
in January at Ufa. Extreme temperatures recorded dur-
ing the winter months range from a high of 72?F. at
Sevastopol' in February to a low of -52?F. at Mezen in
December. These extremes are undoubtedly exceeded,
particularly the minima, in regions for which data are
not available.
In summer the mean daily maximum temperature varies
between 85,5? F. at Astrakhan' in July and 49.3? F. at Hel-
sinki in June. Variation in the mean daily minimum tem-
perature is from 68.9?F. at Astrakhan' in July to 39.7?F.
at Kola and Mezen' in June. Extreme temperatures
(TABLES V-18 and V-19) recorded during the summer range
from 110?F. in July at Astrakhan' to 14?F. in June at
Ostrov Vaygach.
Lowest winter temperatures (TABLE V-19 and FIGURE
V-1) occur in the northwestern parts of European U.S.S.R.
in regions away from water areas. Highest winter tem-
peratures (TABLE V-18) are recorded in the southeast near
the Black Sea and near the waters of the Baltic. In
summer the hottest weather (TABLE V-18 and FIGURE V-2)
occurs in the southeast in the Caspian and Volga areas,
and the coolest along the Arctic coast (TABLE V-19) and
near the water areas of the Gulf of Finland.
(c) Gales and blizzards.-The cold, dry air which
blankets European U.S.S.R. during the winter months is
extremely uncomfortable when surface wind velocities are
high. In addition to the physical discomfort caused by
winds, visibility is reduced by blowing snow. The fre-
quency of gales increases from south to north during the
winter months, the number of days with gabs (surface
winds greater than 32 m.p.h.) varies from fewer khan one
per month in the south to 10 per month at Ostrov Vaygach
(TABLE V-27). The frequency of days with blizzards
(TABLE V-41) varies from zero per month in the south
to approximately 5 per month during the winter season
at some of the northern stations. Data concerning
blizzards do not give visibility criteria and are not com-
plete enough to describe any geographical pattern.
(d) Visibility.-Fogs, duststorms, blizzards, and heavy
precipitation reduce visibility and affect the movement of
motor convoys, the vulnerability of troops to low-level
aerial attack, accuracy of visual aiming of weapons, and
solution of tactical problems in the field. The visibility
data (TABLES V-38 and V-39) show no uniform regional
variation in days with low visibility. Small-scale topo-
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER
graphic characteristics such as river valleys, low hills, and
vegetation play an important part in controlling fog for-
mation and dissipation. Consequently marked local vari-
ation in frequency of low visibility is to be expected. In
general, the data show a maximum of low visibilities during
winter and a daily maximum in the early morning. These
maxima coincide with maxima of radiation fog. The
maximum number of days per month with visibility less
than 11/4 miles for all stations was recorded as 24.1 at
Odessa in December at 0700. Several stations report no
days with visibilities less than 11/4 miles at 1300.
(e) Snow cover.-The winter precipitation, although
rather small compared to western Europe and the eastern
United States, is almost entirely snow which stays on the
ground until spring. Data on snow cover (TABLES V-13
and V-14) show the beginning of snow cover during late
October or early November and the end of snow cover in
April or early May. Mean depths of the deepest snow
cover range from 26.8 inches at Arkhangel'sk to only a
few inches at the southern stations. Deepest snow cover
occurs in the latter part of the winter when snow has ac-
cumulated, but temperatures have not risen high enough
to permit appreciable thawing.
(f) Duration of frozen ground conditions.-Thawing
in spring and the run-off of meltwater causes extremely
muddy soil conditions and consequent restrictions in
ground operations. In the subpolar regions of the Arctic
Sea coast, the subsoil is permanently frozen and the spring
run-off is partially trapped in the surface layers of the soil.
The result is large areas of impassable marshy soil which
persist until freezing occurs again in the fall. In ad-
dition the rivers flowing into the Barents and Kara Seas
thaw in their headwaters (the southern end) before the
break-up of ice at the mouth, and floods affecting large
areas result. These floods occur every year, isolating some
of the northern cities and making surface transportation
over the river basins impossible.
Over most of European U.S.S.R., however, muddy con-
ditions last only until the snow has melted and run off. In
lieu of more specific data, it is assumed that the ground
will be continuously frozen during the months when the
mean maximum temperature is below freezing (TABLE
V-16). Using this criterion, the range in duration of
frozen ground is from November to April at the northern
stations and from November or December to February in
the central and Ukrainian stations. At Sevastopol' and
other locations in the Crimea, no permanently frozen
ground is to be expected.
(2) Air operations
(a) Low-level operations.-The meteorological factors
which affect low-level air operations are 1) ceiling, 2) visi-
bility, and 3) flight conditions at terminals.
1. CEILING.-Ceilings below 1,000 feet restrict low-
level fighter and bomber operations. The uniformly flat
topography permits safe low-level operations over most of
European U.S.S.R. with ceilings greater than 1,000 feet.
Data on ceilings (TABLE V-35) show that the number of
days with ceilings below 1,000 feet is at a maximum in
winter and a minimum in summer for most stations.
Afternoons are slightly more favorable than mornings
throughout the year.
Since low ceilings are most frequently caused by stratus
clouds whose formation is partially controlled by minor
local radiation and topographic conditions, the frequency
of days with low ceilings shows a random geographical
pattern. Generally fewer than 5 days a month with ceil-
ings less than 1,000 feet can be expected. The extreme
range for the reporting stations is from 21.5 days at
Page V-7
Smolensk in December to no days at several stations dur-
ing the summer months.
2. VISIBILITY.-Visibility should be at least 21/2 miles
for low-level operations. Reduced visibility is usually
caused by fog, dust, blizzards, or heavy precipitation. Fog
is the most common restriction, and it occurs frequently
in winter as a result of outgoing radiation so that low
visibility is most common during that season. Visibility
conditions in the afternoon are slightly better than those
in the morning. As with ceilings, the frequency of low
visibility shows random variation from station to station.
Visibility data (TABLE V-39) show between 10 and 20 days
a month during winter with visibility below 21/2 miles at
most stations. In summer the frequency drops to fewer
than 10 days a month at most stations. Extremes range
from 25.8 days at Odessa in July to no days at a few sta-
tions during summer. Most stations report fewer than 5
days a month during summer.
3. FLIGHT CONDITIONS AT TERMINALS.-Contact flight
conditions are required for efficient and safe operations at
air bases. The criteria for contact conditions are ceiling
above 299 meters and visibility greater than 3,999 meters
This corresponds as closely to the standard contact cri-
teria as the data will allow.
Considerable variation in the frequency of contact flight
conditions are evident (FIGURE V-3). During winter, most
stations show a maximum frequency of contact conditions
in the middle of the day. In summer there is less hourly
variation, because visibility is less affected by radiation
fogs during this season. Large variations in the frequency
of contact conditions between stations in the same geo-
graphical regions are caused by minor topographic differ-
ences.
Range in frequency of contact conditions during winter
is from 6.0%% at Mezen' in February to 87.7% at Ural'sk
in December and January. In summer the lowest fre-
quency reported is 37.7% at Odessa in July, and the high-
est frequency is 99.7% at Stalingrad in July.
(b) High-level operations.-Meteorological factors
affecting high-level visual bombing operations are 1) cloud
cover below the aircraft, and 2) flight conditions at ter-
minals.
1. CLOUD COVER BELOW THE AIRCRAFT.-For optimum
operating conditions, cloud cover below the aircraft should
not exceed 20%. As very few clouds exist at altitudes
above 30,000 feet at the latitudes of this area, this criterion
corresponds roughly to a total cloud cover of 20%. Data
on the number of clear days (TABLE V-31) show a range
from 1 to 6 days a month during winter. During sum-
mer, the number increases to 10 to 20 days a month for a
few stations in the south, but in general there is only a
small increase over winter.
High-level visual bombing is possible though difficult
with total cloud cover between 30% and 70%, and days
with such conditions are considered fair operational days.
Data on the number of partly cloudy days (TABLE V-32)
show from 7 to 14 fair operational days a month during
winter. In summer the range of fair operational days is
from 12 to 22 with only Ostrov Kolguyev, located in the
zone affected by the Arctic Front, showing lower values.
In general, stations in the south and east show the
highest frequency of optimum and fair operational days.
Those in the north and west show the lowest frequency.
2. FLIGHT CONDITIONS AT TERMINALS.-Contact flight
conditions have been discussed under low-level operations
(Topic 52, A, (2), (a), 3).
(c) Incendiary bombing.-Meteorological factors af-
fecting visual incendiary bombing are 1) surface wind
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 Page V-8
EUROPEAN
U. S. S. R.
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY
OF
CONTACT FLIGHT
CONDITIONS
MORNING (0700 OR 0800
LST OBSERVATION).
NOON (1300 OR 1400 LST
OBSERVATION).
EVENING (1900 LST
OBSERVATION).
0 50 100 200 300 KM
CONFIDENTIAL
100
80
60
40
20
100 VYSHNIY VOLOCH K
100
80
60
40
20
20
OJ F M A M d
A
20
OJFMAMJ
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER
speed, 2) humidity, 3) precipitation, 4) snow cover, 5)
cloud cover, and 6) flight conditions at terminals.
1. SURFACE WIND sPEED.-Surface wind speed af-
fects the rate at which fires spread. High winds are
most favorable for attack; winds of force 4 or more (13
m.p.h. or greater) are considered as optimum conditions.
Frequency of occurrence of optimum wind conditions for
typical stations (TABLE V-1) shows no regular diurnal or
seasonal variation. In general, a higher frequency of
optimum winds can be expected during the noon hours,
but this is not true of all stations. Lowest frequency of
optimum winds (4.4%) occurs at Velikiy Ustyug in July;
highest frequency (76.4 %o) , at Riga in January.
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF WINDS FAVORABLE FOR
INCENDIARY BOMBING (13 M.P.H. OR GREATER)
NORTHWESTERN COAST
Kola
0700
33.8
20.7
29.6
16.7
1300
24.2
27.0
41.6
24.0
2100
23.9
18.3
45.5
20.3
BALTIC COAST
Riga
0900
76.4
46.7
30.1
49.7
1500
55.0
63.5
46.7
59.8
2100
56.2
45.2
27.7
46.9
NORTHEAST INTERIOR
Velikiy
Ustyug
0700
20.5
11.6
6.4
13.7
1500
25.7
30.4
4.9
28.7
1900
18.6
10.1
4.4
14.3
UKRAINE
Kiyev
0700
22.3
22.4
8.5
10.6
1300
23.7
36.6
18.5
14.8
1900
22.9
14.6
6.8
10.4
VOLGA BASIN
Stalingrad
0700
40.8
34.6
17.8
20.5
1300
34.6
50.8
32.8
33.9
1900
28.4
28.4
18.4
20.2
BLACK SEA COAST
Sevastopol'
0700
36.4
25.1
7.8
21.8
1300
51.2
58.6
62.6
50.3
1900
30.1
27.2
23.3
24.3
2. HuMIDITY.-Humidity affects the degree of dry-
ness of combustible material exposed to the atmosphere.
Mean relative humidity values vary between the upper
fifties and nineties (TABLE V-23). However, the winter
temperatures are so low that even if the air were saturated,
it would contain relatively small amounts of water.
Qualitatively, it may be said that combustible materials
exposed to the atmosphere will be well dried during the
winter months. During the summer, central and south-
ern U.S.S.R. have dry weather interrupted by showers.
Drvness of vegetation will vary considerably depending
t.pon the distribution of showers. In northern U.S.S.R.
along the Arctic coast, the summers are rainy and foggy
and moisture is readily available to prevent drying of ex-
posed materials. In the far north, marshy soil also pre-
vents drying of combustibles near the soil.
3. PRECIPITATION.-Precipitation during the sum-
mer is effective in maintaining moisture content in com-
bustibles. Winter precipitation falls as dry snow over
most of U.S.S.R. and is not effective in maintaining mois-
ture content. Precipitation data (TABLES V-5 to V-11)
show the geographical and seasonal variations to be ex-
pected in moisture supply.
Page V-9
4. SNOW COVER.-Thick snow cover over most of
European U.S.S.R. during the winter is effective in re-
stricting successful incendiary attack. Vegetation and
roofing are snow-covered. Data on the duration and mean
depth of snow cover are given in TABLES V-13 and V-14.
5. CLOUD COVER.-Cloud cover limits are approxi-
mately the same as those shown under high-level bomb-
ing. Usually less accuracy is required in incendiary at-
tacks; consequently, the frequency of favorable conditions
will be somewhat greater than those shown in TABLES
V-31 and V-32.
6. FLIGHT CONDITIONS AT TERMINALS.-Contact flight
conditions are described under low-level operations (Topic
52, A, (2) (a) 3.).
(d) Parachute operations.-Meteorological factors
affecting parachute operations are the same as those
affecting low-level operations. In addition, surface wind
speed must be low. Data on frequency of low wind speeds
for 6 typical stations (TABLE V-2) show that mornings and
evenings are most favorable for parachute operations; also,
summer months are, in general, most favorable. How-
ever, there are exceptions to this rule. The frequency of
days favorable for parachute operations from the stand-
point of winds is greater than 50% in most cases.
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF WINDS FAVORABLE FOR
PARACHUTE OPERATIONS (12 M.P.H. OR LESS)
NORTHWESTERN COAST
Kola
0700
66.2
79.3
70,4
83,3
1300
75.8
73.0
58.4
76.0
2100
76.1
813
54,5
79.7
BALTIC COAST
Riga
0900
23.6
53.3
69.9
50.3
1500
45.0
36.5
53.3
40.2
2100
43.8
54.8
72.3
53.1
NORTHEAST INTERIOR
Velikiy
Ustyug
0700
79.5
88.4
93.6
86.3
1300
74.3
69.6
95.1
71.3
1900
81.4
89.9
95.6
85.7
UKRAINE
Kiyev
0700
77.7
77.6
91.5
89.4
1300
76.3
63.4
81.5
85.2
1900
77.1
85,4
93.2
89.6
VOLGA BASIN
Stalingrad
0700
59.2
65.4
82.2
79.5
1300
65.4
49.2
67.2
66.1
1900
71.6
71.6
81.6
79.8
BALTIC SEA COAST
Sevastopol'
0700
63.6
74.9
92.2
78.2
1300
48,8
41.4
37.4
49.7
1900
69.9
72.8
76,7
75.7
(3) Naval operations
Weather, good or bad, is an important element in plan-
ning combined naval operations. Normally, good weather
conditions are desired, but at times it may be more desir-
able to use bad weather as a cover to conceal fleet move-
ments. Before the probability of favorable weather can
be established, the type of weather desired for a specific
operation must be determined. This report will be con-
fined to a discussion of the weather factors which are most
important from a general operational standpoint: sur-
face winds, ice conditions, sea and swell, cloud cover, pre-
cipitation, and visibility.
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 Page V-10
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JANIS 40
Since the coast line of European U.S.S.R. is broken natu-
rally into three distinct sectors for which the characteristic
weather varies considerably; i.e., the north coastal sector,
including the Barents Sea, Kara Sea (Karskoye More) and
White Sea (Beloye More) ; the west coastal sector, includ-
ing the eastern Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland; and
the south coastal sector, comprising the Black and Caspian
Seas and the Sea of Azov (Azovskoye More), these areas
will be treated separately. In cases where detailed in-
formation was sparse for ocean regions, climatic conditions
have been inferred from the observational data for coastal
stations, the available ocean data and general information
regarding synoptic processes in the area.
(a) Winds
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-In autumn, winter, and
early spring, winds in the Barents and Kara Sea region
are generally south-southwesterly to southerly. Severe
gales accompany the passage of cyclonic storms and cause
the winds to reach or exceed force 7 (32 m.p.h.) along the
open coast on 7 or 8 days a month from November to Febru-
ary, inclusive, on 5 days a month in March, and 3 in April
and October. The direction changes to north and the
velocity decreases throughout the area in April with winds
of force 7 or stronger occurring fewer than 3 days a month
from May to September. In sheltered inlets and in the
estuaries of the White Sea strong winds and gales are rare,
the velocity averaging less than 10 knots all year round.
2 WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-In winter the winds over
the eastern Baltic and the Gulf of Finland prevail from
the southwest or south. The succession of deep lows which
pass over the area cause frequent winds of gale intensity
over the open sea areas but most coastal ports are sheltered
from the strong winds, experiencing gales on an average
of 3 or 4 days a month from November through January
and 1 day each month during the remainder of the year.
From May through September the prevailing winds are
from the west or southwest and remain comparatively
light (less than 10 knots).
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-Summer winds over the
area are light (averaging 8 to 10 knots) and mainly west-
erly. During the winter the winds prevail from the east
(12 to 15 knots) with Astrakhan' showing predominantly
east winds in every month except June. On the Kerch
Peninsula (Kerchenskiy Poluostrov) winds are variable
at all seasons and calms are frequent, occurring 20% to
25% of the time throughout the year.
Gales are more frequent in the winter and spring than
during the summer months. At Taganrog an average of
5 or 6 days a month with winds of force 7 or stronger is
recorded. At Kerch' winds of gale force are less common
but are noted on 1 or 2 days each month throughout the
year. When a depression lies over the Black Sea during
winter, very strong cold winds of the bora type occur at
Novorossiysk.
The winter winds over the open sea areas are predom-
inantly easterly, reaching gale force or higher on 7 or 8
days a month from January to April.
(b) Ice conditions.-The mean monthly limits of ad-
vancing ice, generally unnavigable even to heavy ships,
are indicated in FIGURE V-4 foi the north and west coastal
sectors from November to March. FIGURE V-5 shows the
limits of the retreating ice from February or March to
June for the same areas.
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-Navigation without the
aid of ice breakers is difficult even during the most favor-
able months of August and September in the Kara Sea.
Early in October ice begins to form in the small bays and
inlets of the Barents and White Sea coasts and both seas
are closed to navigation from November through May.
However, with the aid of ice breakers some shipping is
carried on until the end of December, beginning again in
April. Ice breakers can maintain free shipping lanes all
year round at Arkhangels'k, but the rest of the ports on
the White Sea are completely icebound for 150 to 180 days
each year and are closed again for several days each spring
when the break-up of ice fills the channels with floating
blocks of varied sizes, creating a definite hazard to ship-
ping. From mid-May to mid-October the Barents and
White Seas are ice-free.
2. WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-The shores of the Gulf
of Finland are blocked with ice 140 to 150 days yearly, from
early in November to the end of March. All the ports on
the Gulf and the eastern Baltic are closed more than 40
days each year with Vyborg (Viipuri) and Leningrad ice-
locked more than 100 days each. The open sea is ice-
bound 30 to 50 days during the period of most severe
icing from mid-January to mid-March. From mid-April
to December the Baltic area is ice-free; the Gulf of Fin-
land is free of ice from mid-May to October.
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-The ports on the Black
and Caspian Seas are kept open during the entire winter
with the aid of ice breakers, though ice forms throughout
January and February each year. The Sea of Azov is
frozen over for about 80 days from mid-December to mid-
March, but limited navigation is maintained with ice
breakers.
(c) State of sea and swell
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-From October to Janu-
ary the seas are persistently moderate to rough with very
rough to high seas on 6 to 8 days each month on the Mur-
man Coast (Murmanskiy Bereg). Also, there are 10- to
15-foot swells over the open sea from the south and south-
west. From January to May the Kara Sea, White Sea,
and eastern Barents Sea are frozen. The state of the
sea along the Murman Coast is quieter with swell ac-
companying only the rare northwesterly wind. The winds
are strong enough on fewer than 6 days each month to
produce a sea of more than 3 to 4 feet inshore or waves at
sea which would reach the shore as a swell of more than
5 feet.
2. WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-Over the eastern Baltic
and the Gulf of Finland, storms are most frequent in No-
vember and December with 8 gale days each month ac-
companied by moderate to rough seas (3 to 8 feet). From
January to April the area is ice-locked, and seas are
generally low. Winds reach gale intensity on only 1 or
2 days each month for the remainder of the year. The
prevailing winds for this period are light southwesterly,
and the seas remain 3 feet or less from the southwest.
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-During the autumn,
winter, and early spring the prevailing winds, are easterly,
varying from northeast to south-southeast for `more than
200 days each year. For Odessa and Yalta on the Black
Sea and Astrakhan' on the Caspian Sea, south and sc;uth-
east winds have the longest sweep and bring very rough
to heavy seas (8 to 15 feet) on 5 to 8 days each month.
during the winter. These ports and the neighboring
beaches are protected from the strong west to northwest
winds of the summer storms which bring 5- to 10-foot seas
to Sevastopol' and the other coasts exposed to the west.
(d) Clouds and precipitation
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-Average cloudiness ex-
ceeds 75 % coverage throughout the year over the Barents
and White Seas with fewer than 30 clear days and more
than 180 cloudy days yearly. Maximum cloudiness occurs
from June through October. Much of the cloud is low
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 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
MEAN MONTHLY LIMITS OF
ADVANCING UNNAVIGABLE SEA
AND LAND-FAST ICE
MONTHS OF ADVANCE SEA
NOVEMBER-MARCH BARENTS
DECEMBER-MARCH BALTIC
DECEMBER-MARCH WHITE
DECEMBER-FEBRUARY AZOV BCASPIAN
JANUARY - FEBRUARY BLACK
? Major City International Boundary 1937
? Secondary City U. S. S. R. Boundary
JANIS Boundary
ESTONIA
y~, FRISCHFS HAFF
ROMANIA
a ,Dan~b
N
BULGARIA
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32? 36?
32?
NIKOLA )
NIKOLAE V
SIMFEROPOL'
J ?
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MONTHLY LIMITS OF ADVANCING ICE
JANIS 40
A
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EUROPEAN
U. S. S. R.
MEAN MONTHLY LIMITS OF
RETREATING UNNAVIGABLE SEA
AND LAND-FAST ICE
MONTHS OF RETREAT SEA
MARCH-JUNE
MARCH-MAY
MARCH-APRIL
FEBRUARY-MARCH
FEBRUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
BARENTS
WHITE
BALTIC
AZOV 8 CASPIAN
BLACK
~LA
? Major City International Boundary 1937
? Secondary City U. S. S. R. Boundary
JAN15 Boundary
APPROXIMATE SCALE
0 50 100 200
FRISCHES HAlF
22?
MILES
0 50 100 200 300
KILOMETERS
B A R E D
Mys Svyotl
C K
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MONTHLY LIMITS OF RETREATING ICE
JANIS 40
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER Page V-11
morning stratus with bases at 500 to 800 feet. Minimum
cloudiness occurs in March and April.
Over the ice of the Barents and Kara Seas the usual
cloud form is a uniform stratus layer below 5,000 feet cover-
ing the whole sky throughout the year although it is
somewhat less frequent in summer than in winter and
spring.
The amount of precipitation is small, decreasing from
south to north and nowhere exceeding 20 inches per year.
The months from November to May are relatively dry
with a short season of moderate rain from June to October.
In the winter snow falls on 10 to 15 days each month,
accumulating until the spring thaw. On 170 to 190 days
each year some precipitation may be expected, the average
fall being 0.1 to 0.2 inches.
2. WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-During July and August
the eastern Baltic and the Gulf of Finland have less than
five-tenths of the sky covered by clouds. In October and
November more than 10 days each month have overcast
or almost overcast skies. Cloud types over the Baltic
change from a cumuliform type with maximum cloudi-
ness during the night in August, to sheets of stratocumulus
with a morning maximum in November and December.
Frequency of low clouds is greater in the autumn than
during the summer but the maximum of low cloud occurs
in the winter.
The rainfall averages between 20 and 30 inches a year
with a maximum in August and October of 3 to 4 inches
and an average of 2 inches per month throughout the rest
of the year.
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-In midwinter, cloudy
skies prevail on 2 days out of 3 with stratocumulus layers
at 2,000 feet or less occurring with the winter anticyclones.
Clear days are rare in winter, but clear mornings are
general in the summer when cumulus clouds form during
the afternoon. Cloud amounts over the area range from
3 to 4 tenths in August to 7 to 8 tenths in November and
December.
In the summer, precipitation is in the form of thunder-
showers during the afternoon and evening. In winter,
occasional depressions move eastward from the Mediter-
ranean and bring heavy clouds and snow over a wide area.
Precipitation amounts average 10 to 15 inches over the
Black Sea and 7 to 8 inches per year over the Caspian.
(e) Visibility
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-Poor visibility is fre-
quent at all seasons throughout the area, and is lowest in
winter when there is a maximum of fog over the estuaries
of the White Sea and along the Barents coast wherever
the prevailing southerlies are onshore winds. Fog and
dense fog are most common in January with a morning
maximum in the White Sea area. Over the Kara Sea,
fog appears for 10 to 15 days a month from June to August
and poor visibility prevails throughout the spring and
autumn, improving at sea with the approach of winter.
Over the Arctic Ocean and to a lesser extent along the
Murman Coast, poor visibility is most prevalent in sum-
mer and early autumn with a maximum of occurrence
in the morning. During the winter, visibility is also re-
duced by the blowing snow and blizzards that accompany
the passage of the storms which cause 8 to 10 days of gale
winds in the open sea areas each month.
2. WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-Sea fogs are most com-
mon over the southeastern Baltic in March and April and
are only slightly less common in May, June, and July.
The sea fogs are frequently carried inland for short dis-
tances by the onshore breezes. Ports on the Gulf of Fin-
land have fog 8 to 10 days a month in the autumn and
winter with only 0.5 to 1.5 days of fog during the summer
months.
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-Fog in the summer is
rare though not unknown over the Black Sea. In other
seasons the frequency of poor visibility in the mornings
is high. Fog is recorded 8 to 10 days per month from
December to March at Odessa and 5 to 6 days per month
during the same period at Kerch' on the Caspian.
(4) Amphibious operations
The weather factors which are significant in planning
amphibious operations include sea and swell, surface
winds, land and sea breezes, visibility, cloud cover, freez-
ing rain or spray, and snow. Sea and swell have been
covered in general in the preceding section on naval oper-
ations and in detail in Chapter III, Oceanography. Visi-
bility and cloud cover have also been treated under naval
operations (Topic 52, C), and this discussion will be con-
fined to a treatment of surface winds insofar as their
velocities affect landing operations, land and sea breezes,
freezing rain or spray, and snow. The north coastal
sector is ice-locked from November to May. From Janu-
ary to April the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland are ice-
bound. Along the coasts of the southern sector, ice would
prohibit amphibious operations as presently developed
throughout most of December, January, and February
each year.
(a) Surface winds and waves.-Surface wind speed
influences amphibious operations through its effect on
wave height. The relationship between the surface wind
speed and wave height depends upon the exposure of the
particular coastal area under consideration, the distance
over which the wave-producing winds blow, the duration
of the winds, and the topography of the bottom offshore.
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-Along the north coast
during the months from May to October, when the seas
are free enough of ice to permit amphibious operations,
the prevailing wind is an onshore wind from the north to
northwest or northeast. During this period winds
stronger than 12 knots (causing waves of more than 4
feet) occur 30% to 45% of the afternoons and 20% to 30%
of the early mornings and late evenings. Winds of gale
strength which would cause waves of more than 12 to 15
feet occur 3 to 4 days each month throughout the period
and 4 to 5 days in October. The swell averages 4 to 5 feet
from the north during the summer months and is slightly
higher in May and October.
2. WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-During the summer
months, from May to September, the prevailing winds
over the Baltic are west to southwesterly and compara-
tively light, producing waves of less than 3 feet more than
50% of the period. Winds seldom (less tha.i once a
month) reach gale force during this season. There are fre-
quent winds of gale intensity over the open sea during
the winter. Until the area becomes icebound in Decem-
ber, coasts not protected to the south and southwest ex-
perience comparatively heavy seas.
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-In December, January,
and February the northern coasts of the Azov and Caspian
Seas are ice-locked. During the period from April to No-
vember, inclusive, winds of less than 12 m.p.h. are common
more than 60 To of the time with the strongest winds of the
day occurring at noon and in the early afternoon. The
seas are usually light (less than 3 feet) ; stronger seas
(8 to 15 feet) run when the wind is blowing across a long
stretch of open water into the port. Coasts exposed to
the south and southeast (i.e., Odessa) experience these
seas in the winter, but other coasts (i.e., Sevastopol') are
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Page V-12 JANIS 40
subject to waves of 10 to 15 feet from the strong west
or northwest winds accompanying summer storms.
(b) Land and sea breezes
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-In winter there is little
diurnal variation of the winds on the north coast. On
and near the coast the prevailing summer winds are on-
shore from the north and show through diurnal variation
in velocity, a land-and-sea breeze effect. The onshore
winds in the afternoons from 1300 to 1700 are consistently
2 to 4 knots stronger than in the morning. The average
occurrence of winds stronger than 12 knots increases from
20% to 3017o of the morning and evening hours to 4517o to
50% of the time in the afternoon. This increase in velocity
is effective only 8 to 10 miles inland.
2. WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-Along the southeastern
Baltic coast, the sea breeze occurs on about 20% of the
days from June to August and is generally restricted to
the months from April to September. The times of onset
and duration of these winds are irregular and dependent
upon local conditions. The sea breeze has its origin about
5 miles offshore and extends 12 to 20 miles inland. The
maximum sea breeze effect is reached between 1400 and
1600 daily. The land breeze is much weaker and extends
as far as 6 miles out to sea only under the most favorable
circumstances.
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-On the shores of the
Caspian Sea, land and sea breezes are generally well-de-
veloped during the summer months. These onshore and
offshore winds cause considerable variation in the prevail-
ing light westerlies and are also partially responsible for
the frequent periods of calm or near calm in the early
mornings and midafternoons at shore stations in the
area.
(c) Snow and freezing rain and sea spray.-Frequent
or continued rain, ice and sleet storms, and freezing sea
spray from subzero temperatures accompanied by high
winds and seas cause considerable inconvenience and even
a definite hazard to amphibious operations. Under these
conditions the landing craft become coated with a heavy
load of ice which impedes progress and causes accidents.
Temperature data for ports on the three coastal sectors are
given in TABLES V-15 to V-22. TABLE V-20 indicates the
days with a maximum temperature below 32?F. The mean
numbers of days with blizzards and blowing snow are
listed in TABLE V-41 and the percentages of days with winds
stronger than 13 knots are given in TABLE V-1.
1. NORTH COASTAL SECTOR.-During late October and
November, and again in May, although the Barents, Kara,
and White Seas are open to navigation for small craft,
conditions are extremely difficult. During each of these
months 10 to 15 or more days have a maximum temper-
ature of less than 32?F., and temperatures below freezing
are reached almost daily. High winds and seas, and snow
or freezing rain occur 30% of the days. More than 4017o
of the time when the seas are free enough of shore ice to
permit landings, hazardous icing conditions exist for land-
ing craft. On the southern shores of the Barents Sea
the temperature remains above freezing only in July and
August; at the southern ports of the White Sea throughout
June, July, and August. From June through September
the total number of days when the temperature drops to
freezing for even a short period varies from 5 to 10 days,
and icing conditions would be no problem for amphibious
operations.
2. WEST COASTAL SECTOR.-During the months of
April to December, when the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Fin-
land can be expected to be clear of ice for amphibious
operations, the number of days in which snow, and freezing
rain and sea spray might be encountered is relatively few.
Snow may be expected 7 days in April, 2 days in May, 5
days in October, and 12 days in November. The occur-
rence of snow from June through September is negligible.
Freezing rain and spray which will produce hazardous
icing conditions on landing craft occur approximately 3
days in April, 2 in October, and 4 in November. From
May through September the temperature rarely drops
below freezing, and freezing rain and spray seldom occur
during this period.
3. SOUTH COASTAL SECTOR.-On the Caspian and
Black Sea coasts there are 15 to 20 days with temperatures
below freezing in November, December, and March when
the shores are not completely icebound. Snow or freezing
rain with winds stronger than 15 knots occur 10% to 15%
of the days during the period, and moderate to heavy icing
on landing craft can cause considerable inconvenience to
amphibious operations. From April to October no icing
hazard would exist as all temperatures remain above freez-
ing.
(5) Chemical warfare operations
Meteorological factors affecting chemical warfare oper-
ations are a) wind speed, b) turbulence, c) precipitation,
and d) temperature.
(a) Wind speed.-Low wind speeds are necessary to
prevent frictional turbulence in the low layers of the
atmosphere and consequent rapid dispersal of chemical
agents. To build up high concentrations of gas in the
atmosphere, wind speeds less than 5 m.p.h. are desirable.
To permit rapid horizontal dispersal of gases in the low
layers of the atmosphere but restrict vertical dispersal,
wind speeds between 5 and 12 m.p.h. are desirable. Fre-
quencies of such, wind conditions are summarized for 6
stations in TABLE V-3. Highest frequency of winds less
than 7 m.p.h. occurs in the morning and evening at most
stations. Summer shows a higher seasonal frequency
than the other seasons. However, there are many excep-
tions to the generalizations above. For more detailed con-
sideration, the summaries of surface winds are available
(TABLE V-28).
The frequency of winds from 8 to 12 m.p.h. shows even
more random variation than that of winds below 7 m.p.h.
Summer and fall are the most favorable seasons, although
the advantage in these seasons as compared to winter
and spring is not great. The diurnal variations are ran-
dom and no generalization regarding the favorability of
one time of the day over another can be made.
(b) Turbulence.-Turbulence in the lower layers of
the atmosphere permits vertical dispersal of gases and
prevents maintenance of proper gas concentration. Dur-
ing the winter months, the atmosphere is usually stable.
Turbulence occurs primarily in connection with high wind
velocities. The atmosphere is most stable at night and
least stable in the afternoon. During the summer, the
atmosphere is frequently quite unstable, and this insta-
bility is augmented by solar heating during the day. Such
unstable conditions are most frequent in the southern
part of U.S.S.R. and least frequent along the Arctic coast.
(c) Precipitation.-Precipitation in the form of rain
during a chemical attack removes some of the gas from
the atmosphere by the process of solution of the gas in the
water drops and, in some cases, chemical reaction between
the water and the gas. Precipitation data (TABLES V-5
through V-14) show the frequency of occurrence of rain
and snowfall. During the winter months, the precipita-
tion is almost entirely in the form of snow. Snow is less
effective than rain in removing gases from the atmosphere.
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER Page V-13
NORTHWESTERN COAST
Kola
0700
43.0
51,9
39.4
45.8
1300
46,5
41,0
33.2
38.9
2100
49.3
62.0
50.9
53,8
BALTIC COAST
Riga
0900
24 3
31..2
41.8
23.5
1500
20.5
15.6
24.2
20.1
2100
19.0
30,7
44.6
22.8
NORTHEAST INTERIOR
Velikiy
Ustyug
0700
56.8
62.0
76.3
52.9
1300
51 4
39.0
60.7
46..8
1900
52.2
60.2
79.5
60.5
UKRAINE
Kiyev
0700
45.8
46.0
72.2
65.7
1300
46.1
26.1
41.1
45.9
1900
40.9
50.6
68.0
62.2
VOLGA BASIN
Stalingrad
0700
27.9
36.4
48.4
53.3
1300
22.4
21.2
35 6
36.3
1900
31.2
43.3
52,3
60.4
BLACK SEA COAST
Sevastopol'
0700
48..4
57.9
71.6
59.1
1300
28.6
15.8
10,0
20,6
1900
43.9
50,3
48.2
56.0
NORTHWESTERN COAST
Kola
0700
23.2
27.4
31.0
37.5
1300
29.3
32.0
25.2
37.2
1900
26.8
19.7
21.9
25.9
BALTIC COAST
Riga
0900
23.2
22,1
28.1
26.8
1500
24.5
20.9
29.1
20.1
2100
24..8
24.1
27.7
30.3
NORTHEAST INTERIOR
Velikiy
Ustyug
0700
22.7
26.4
17.3
33.4
1300
22.9
30.6
34..4
24.5
1900
29.2
29.7
16.1
25,2
UKRAINE
Kiyev
0700
31.9
31,6
19.3
23.7
1300
30.3
37.3
40.4
39.3
1900
36.2
34.8
25.2
27.4
VOLGA BASIN
Stalingrad
0700
31.3
29.0
33,8
26.2
1300
32.4
28.0
31.6
29.8
1900
23.7
28.3
29.3
19.4
BLACK SEA COAST
Sevastopol'
0700
15.2
17.0
20.6
19.1
1300
20.2
25.5
27.4
29.1
1900
26.0
22.5
28.5
19.7
(d) Temperature.-Low temperatures may restrict
the use of gases which freeze at relatively high tempera-
tures. Temperature data (TABLES V-15 through V-22)
may be compared to the freezing point of any particular
gas to determine possible restrictions of its use.
B. Weather and nonmilitary activities
(1) Agriculture
European U.S.S.R. can be divided into 4 regions of
roughly uniform agricultural characteristics. The north-
ernmost region is the tundra of the Arctic coast where
agriculture is greatly restricted by a short and wet grow-
ing season, permanently frozen subsoil with marshy
characteristics in the surface layers during summer, flood-
ing of river basins by thaw in the headwaters before the
breakup of ice at the northern sea coast, and long, ex-
tremely severe winters. The result of these natural ob-
stacles is that agriculture is in either an experimental or
very primitive stage.
South of the Arctic tundra is the taiga which consists
of a belt of forest land. This region extends as far south
as the Gulf of Finland in the west and the 58? parallel
in the east. While the climate is not so unfavorable for
agricultural pursuits as it is in the tundra, there is no ex-
tensive cultivation. The subsoil is not permanently
frozen, flooding of river basins is not so common. Sum-
mers are less cloudy and foggy, but they are short.
Winters are almost as severe as those of the tundra.
Southwest of the taiga is the Ukraine which is one of
the great grain-producing regions of the world. The
Ukraine is similar in climate and topography to north-
western-central United States and south-central Canada.
The winters are long and cold, but the summers are warm,
sunny, and rainfall is usually ample.
In the southeast of European U.S.S.R. is a semiarid
region including the Volga and Caspian basins. Although
soil and temperatures are suitable for agriculture, rain-
fall is insufficient for extensive cultivation without irri-
gation.
Data on length of the growing season in terms of the
first and last frost are given in TABLE V-22. After the
spring thaw, there is usually no further danger of killing
frosts.
Data on the frequency of hail (TABLE V-43) show that
there is little danger of any considerable damage from
hail.
Precipitation over most of European U.S.S.R. (TABLES
V-5 through V-14) is light; however, there is little evapo-
ration to cause loss of moisture, and winter precipitation
remains on the ground until spring. One obstacle to suc-
cessful farming is the variability in rainfall from year to
year. The summer rains occur primarily in convective
showers, and their distribution and frequency are random;
in addition, they depend upon unstable conditions in the
atmosphere which may be greatly varied by small devia-
tions from normal of the predominant pressure patterns.
As a result, European U.S.S.R. suffers periodically from
droughts. This is particularly true of the zones where
rainfall is hardly sufficient to support crops in the good
years.
(2) Industry
The major climatic factor influencing industrial enter-
prise is the extreme cold of the winters. The efficiency
of labor is affected and precautions are necessary to protect
and operate equipment at low temperatures.
(3) Transportation and supply
During the winter, frozen ground conditions, as well as
frozen lake and river surfaces and sea areas, permit un-
restricted transportation and supply by vehicles designed
for operation over snow. Railways must be equipped with
snow plows to remove falling and drifting snow. Ship
transportation is greatly restricted during winter, be-
cause most ports are closed to navigation by ice.
In spring, flooding of river basins in the north and
lesser spring floods on all rivers as well as melting snow
on the land causes extremely poor conditions for land
transportation.
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Climatic conditions are usually favorable for transpor-
tation and supply operations during the summer and fall
months.
(4) Construction
The severe winter weather presents numerous obstacles
to construction. Considerable effort must be expended to
prevent failure of structures because of climatic effects.
Since most winter temperatures are below freezing,
freshly poured concrete must be artificially heated to keep
it above the freezing point. In addition, pipes bringing
in water for curing concrete must be protected. Special
precautions must be taken to permit expansion and con-
traction of structural members as the annual tempera-
ture range is extremely high in the U.S.S.R.
Steel construction is dangerous and difficult under con-
ditions of low temperatures and icy surfaces. As with
concrete construction, large expansion joints are necessary
to allow for the large annual temperature range. Earth-
work and grading are difficult in winter when exposed
earth surfaces freeze immediately and make frequent
blasting necessary.
In structural design, the normal provision for wind
loadings is necessary and allowance must also be made for
large snow loadings on roofing. Water supply lines must
be deeply buried to avoid freezing. In the zones where
frozen subsoil and marshy surface soils are prevalent in
summer, extra provision must be made for drainage.
In addition to the extra precautions which must be
taken to prevent climatically caused structural failure,
the decrease in labor efficiency in cold weather must be
considered in wintertime construction.
In general, winter with its cold weather and spring with
muddy soil conditions are unfavorable for construction,
but summer and fall with moderate temperatures and long
days are favorable.
53. SYNOPTIC WEATHER TYPES AND
FORECASTING PROBLEMS
A. Synoptic weather types
The variation in synoptic situations over eastern Europe
is great, and a complete study of weather types would be
as lengthy as similar studies for the United States or west-
ern Europe. In this section a few basic principles are
discussed briefly. This section is not intended to be a
guide for forecasters, but is presented as an orientation in
the analysis of the weather in this area from a synoptic
standpoint.
(1) General features of synoptic analysis
During the winter months, European U.S.S.R. is the
meeting place of the migratory cyclones of western Europe
and the semipermanent high pressure system centered in
Asia. The synoptic situations are a result of the inter-
action between these systems and range from breakdown
of the Asiatic high and eastward passage of cyclones into
Asia to the intensification and displacement of the Asiatic
high westward to cover all of Europe.
European U.S.S.R. is on the western extremity of the
high pressure area which covers northern Asia in winter.
To the west of European U.S.S.R., over the North Atlantic,
is a semipermanent low pressure center. Both the high
pressure system to the east and the low pressure system to
the west are extremely strong and persistent. Winter
synoptic situations show progressions of occluded fronts
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JANIS 40
around the southern side of the North Atlantic low. Such
occluded fronts normally dissipate after reaching the Asi-
atic high or are forced aloft over the cold dome of air which
forms the high cell.
During the summer months, European U.S.S.R. lies on
the northwestern side of an immense thermally produced
low which covers southern and eastern Asia, and on the
northeastern side of a high pressure cell which is centered
over the subtropical North Atlantic and extends over the
Mediterranean. Summer synoptic situations are prima-
rily a succession of weak highs and lows with indistinct
frontal systems.
Fall and spring transitional months show no marked
changes from one type of synoptic situation to another.
There is a gradual intensification of pressure centers in
the fall and a gradual weakening in the spring.
A short synoptic series for both summer and winter
conditions is shown in FIGURES V-6 and V-7. These maps
have been selected to show fairly pronounced examples
of the summer low system and the winter high system.
They do not represent mean or extreme conditions.
FIGURE V-8 shows opposite extremes in the synoptic
situations which can be expected during the summer. In
the upper chart a deep center of the Asiatic low pressure
system is located over northeastern European U.S.S.R.
This low combined with the low in the North Atlantic
causes a low pressure field in northern U.S.S.R. The high
cell of the North Atlantic is relatively weak and split by
an occluded front. In the lower chart, the circulation
over European U.S.S.R. is controlled by a strong ridge ex-
tending from the North Atlantic high pressure cell. The
low of the North Atlantic is displaced toward the pole and
the Asiatic low is off the map entirely.
FIGURE V-9 shows opposite extremes in winter situations.
The upper chart shows a strong cell of the Asiatic high
pressure system over western U.S.S.R. and the North At-
lantic. This cell blocks the intrusion of cyclonic systems
from the west. The lower chart shows the Asiatic high
system displaced to the east, permitting an intense cyclonic
system to penetrate eastward into Asiatic U.S.S.R.
(2) Movement of cyclones
Cyclones affecting eastern Europe originate in most
cases over the Atlantic or Mediterranean where there is
ample moisture supply and temperature contrast to per-
mit cyclogenesis. While moving eastward over Europe,
occlusion of the frontal system and filling of the cyclones
with consequent weakening of the storm intensity is the
common occurrence. Typical fall, winter, and spring
cyclone tracks and the mean 3-kilometer pressure pattern
with which they occur most frequently are shown in
FIGURES V-10 to V-14.
FIGURE V-10 shows the cyclone tracks which occur fre-
quently with strong, almost due westerly winds at 3 kilo-
meters. This is a high-index situation, i.e., a large de-
crease in mean pressure from the 35? parallel to the 55?
parallel. Rapid eastward. movement of cyclones results,
with accompanying rapid changes in weather conditions.
This type of situation is easiest to forecast since the move-
ment of the storms is uniform in speed and direction.
FIGURE V-11 is a low-index situation with a closed low
in the Mediterranean and a deep trough extending to it
from the Icelandic low. This system aloft results in
northeastward movement of depressions from the Mediter-
ranean to the Black Sea region and the movement of de-
pressions forming in the North Atlantic over the Arctic
Sea. Depressions of the former type bring little rainfall
to southern U.S.S.R. since they are usually greatly weak-
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COLD FRONT
WARM FRONT
u. . . OCCLUDED FRONT (SURFACE)
OCCLUDED FRONT (ALOFT)
? STATIONARY FRONT
iiAFii FRONTOLYSIS
INTERMITTENT PRECIPITATION
ened by their movement over the mountains of southern
Europe before they reach Russia.
FIGURE V-12 is another low-index situation with a deep
trough over eastern Europe and ridge over Scandinavia.
This circulation aloft causes cyclones forming in the North
Atlantic to move eastward or southeastward and occlude
in northern U.S.S.R. Cyclones forming in the eastern
Mediterranean may move northeastward into the Ukraine
and Volga basin.
FIGURE V-13 shows a ridge over European U.S.S.R. and a
trough over eastern Europe and ridge over Scandinavia.
cyclones move northeastward and are frequently blocked
from entering European U.S.S.R., except in the extreme
northwest.
FIGURE V-14 shows an unusual situation which deserves
mention because some of the severest winter weather of
eastern Europe is associated with it. The circulation
pattern here is a closed low pressure cell over the Mediter-
ranean and a closed high over Scandinavia. This causes
a negative index, i.e., an increase in mean pressure from
south to north, and consequent easterly winds aloft and
at the surface over southern Europe. The effect of such
a circulation aloft is to bring cold air from central Asia
over Europe and a resultant westward extension of the
Asiatic winter high cell. This situation gives eastern
Europe its worst cold winter weather, and frequently causes
easterly gales in the Volga basin and the Ukraine. All
Atlantic cyclones are displaced to the northwest and no
maritime air moves over eastern Europe to raise tempera-
tures until the circulation pattern is changed. This situa-
tion is rare.
The circulation patterns described above are typical of
the fall, winter, and spring seasons. FIGURE V-15 shows
typical cyclone tracks of the summer season. Summer
Original
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 Page V-16
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JANIS 40
~ j UpE
se i
H
70
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87
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980
85
.
10
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45
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20 30 40 50 60 70 60
0
8
s
ro 02
o ~ \
0 H
5 `
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8
104~~
?
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010 I
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1010
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-" F BR,I~RY 1931 13
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
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e
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1015 D5 j -
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98
_
1000
'995
O
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i 104
A
100*
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IS '~?
25
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TA IFFIRRIJARY 1931 1300 GNa
? -
20 30 40 50 60 70 60
.,. ~; 6
85
fig ' ? _
Ill \
? = 10 0 ~%
o
?
?? I
\
8
1010
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35
101 '
1040
1045
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o
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o0
? -
-14 F RUARY 1931 1300 G.M.T.
20 30 40 50 - 60 70 60
COLD FRONT
WARM FRONT
OCCLUDED FRONT
OCCLUDED FRONT (ALOFT)
STATIONARY FRONT
FRONTOLYSIS
INTERMITTENT PRECIPITATION
cyclones are weak, and their movement isslow and irregu-
lar. The associated frontal systems are indistinct. How-
ever, the summer air masses which converge in these weak
cyclones are quite unstable and when their instability is
released, extensive convective showers occur. The slug-
gish movement of these cyclones permits widespread con-
vective showers to persist over a particular area for long
periods.
The storm tracks shown in the figures indicate, in gen-
eral, the direction of entrance of the cyclones into Euro-
pean U.S.S.R. During the winter, the southerly flow on
the west side of the Asiatic heat low forces most cyclonic
systems to the northeast after they pass into U.S.S.R.
The associated fronts, usually occlusions, move either to
the northeast or aloft over the high cell and are very much
weakened by their long land trajectory.
(3) Movement and characteristics of anticyclones
During the winter, eastern Europe is not affected by
migratory high pressure areas to any appreciable extent.
The temperate North Atlantic is occupied by a stationary
low pressure area, and the subtropical North Atlantic is
occupied by a stationary high pressure area. Cyclones
which move into northern Europe are rarely followed by
a high pressure cell of any extent. As a rule, only a minor
high pressure ridge succeeds a cyclone, and separates it
from the next one to the west. What high pressure cells
do affect eastern Europe are usually westward extensions
of the Asiatic winter high cell, or eastward extensions of
the high cell centered in the subtropical North Atlantic.
During the summer season, anticyclones are frequent
on the synoptic charts of eastern Europe. Many of these
originate as extensions of the subtropical high cell which
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER
1000
005
COLD FRONT
WARM FRONT
^?~?~? OCCLUDED FRONT (SURFACE)
~~?~~ OCCLUDED FRONT (ALOFT)
STATIONARY FRONT
ANFAWAWi A FRONTOLYSIS
INTERMITTENT PRECIPITATION
intensifies considerably during the summer and extends
as a ridge over the Mediterranean or southern Europe.
When this eastward extension is at a maximum, it is com-
mon for the high to split, and the eastern cell to move east
or southeast. A few high pressure cells move into north-
western U.S.S.R. as a result of outbreaks of polar air from
the north. However, these are most frequent over Siberia
because the Icelandic low must be located well into the
Page V-17
western North Atlantic to permit a strong northwesterly
flow into eastern Europe. Many of the small high pres-
sure cells on the summer synoptic maps are insignificant
relative highs which exist temporarily in the flat pressure
gradients of summer.
(4) Weather associated with frontal systems
Frontal systems reaching eastern Europe during the
winter are predominantly warm occlusions. Many of them
COLD FRONT
WARM FRONT
OCCLUDED FRONT (SURFACE)
OCCLUDED FRONT (ALOFT)
STATIONARY FRONT
F RONTOLYSIS
INTERMITTENT PRECIPITATION
Original
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JANIS 40
FIGURE V-10. Characteristic mean isobars at three kilometers for FIGURE V-13. Characteristic mean isobars at three kilomteers for
a five-day period and typical storm tracks during high index a five-day period and typical storm tracks during low index
(westerly steering). (southwest steering).
FIGURE V-11. Characteristic mean isobars at three kilometers, for FIGURE V-14. Characteristic mean isobars at three kilometers for
a five-day period and typical storm tracks during low index a five-day period and typical storm tracks during very low (nega-
(trough steering). tive) index (easterly steering).
FIGURE V-12. Characteristic mean isobars at three kilometers for
a five-day period and typical storm tracks during low index
(ridge steering).
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CLIMATE AND WEATHER
are completely occluded and weakening by the time they
reach U.S.S.R. As a result, the associated cloud system
is confined to a narrow zone near the front, and middle
and high clouds predominate. The precipitation shield
accompanying the front is likewise not extensive and the
amount of rain or snowfall is usually light.
In summer the fronts are indistinct. Precipitation and
cloud cover occur over a larger area and the fronts are
merely zones of convergence.
B. Forecasting Problems
(1) Forecasting of air-mass weather
During the winter, forecasting radiation fogs and stratus
is a problem of prime importance. To interpret the effects
of temperature, stability, and dew point as related to fog
formation, a knowledge of local topography is essential.
Small variations in terrain such as river bottoms, hills, and
swamps cause large variations in the distribution and dura-
tion of radiation fogs. When temperatures are very low,
ice-crystal fogs may occur, but these fogs are generally
light because there is little moisture in the air when it
reaches such low temperatures. During the winter
months when the ground is snow-covered and tempera-
tures are low, there is a strong tendency for water-droplet
fogs to dissipate since the equilibrium vapor pressure over
the snow is less than that over the water droplets. As a
result, there is a net transport of water from the droplets
to the snow. Persistent water-droplet fogs occur when
the air has sufficient moisture content to compensate for
this loss. Ice-crystal fogs do not dissipate in this way
since the vapor pressure over the crystals equals that over
the snow.
In summer advection fogs are frequent near cold bodies
of water. Along the Barents Sea coast, air warmed by
continental heating is cooled from below by the cold sea
water. The resulting fogs are typical along the north
coast. The same process causes fogs in the Gulf of Fin-
land, but here the fogs are most frequent in the spring
before the water is warmed.
As most of the summer rainfall occurs in convective
showers, forecasting cumulus development and showers
is quite important. Because moisture available for rain-
fall in the summer atmosphere is limited, the forecasting
problem is not only a question of instability. In addition
the forecaster must estimate the amount of moisture
available for rainfall.
Forecasting blowing snow includes forecasting high
winds and conditions on the snow surface, because blow-
ing snow results from high winds over dry, powdery snow.
The meteorological elements which produce most favor-
able snow surfaces for blowing snow are not well known.
Theoretically, the lower the temperature, the drier the
snow. However, the worst cases of blowing snow are not
always associated with the lowest temperatures.
(2) Forecasting from local indications
Since there is an extensive network of stations in west-
ern Europe, it is not necessary to place much emphasis
on local indications in forecasting the movement of sys-
tems into U.S.S.R. However, the terrain is such that
middle and high cloud structure is usually connected with
large-scale phenomena, and local observations of clouds
may be used successfully to deduce conditions at a dis-
tance from the observer. During the winter, the variable
which is hard to evaluate from local indications is the
movement and extent of the Asiatic high. The intensity,
position, and movement of this high plays an important
part in directing the movement of storm centers through
U.S.S.R.
Page V-19
STATION
LAT. N
LONG. E
ELEV
o
,
o
,
(feet)
Arkhangel'sk
64
28
40
31
20
Astrakhan'
46
21
48
02
- 82
Chernovtsy (aernauti)
48
17
25
57
804
Helsinki (Helsingfors)
60
10
24
57
39
Kamenets-Podol'skiy
48
40
26
35
228
Kazan'
55
47
49
11
394
Kem'
64
57
34
39
30
Kerch'
45
21
36
29
12
Khar'kov
49
55
36
16
459
Kishinev (Chisinau)
47
02
28
48
318
Kiyev
50
27
30
30
600
Kola
68
53
33
01
23
Kursk
51
45
36
11
777
Kuybyshev
53
11
50
06
190
Leningrad
59
56
30
16
19
Lubny
50
01
33
02
512
Mezen'
65
50
44
16
66
Minsk
53
54
27
33
692
Moskva
55
47
37
38
528
Mys Svyatoy Nos
68
10
39
45
Nikolayev
46
58
31
58
64
Odessa
46
26
30
46
20
Onega
63
54
38
07
26
Ostrov Kolguyev
68
46
48
18
22
Ostrov Vaygach
70
24
58
48
36
Penza
53
11
45
01
438
Petrozavodsk
61
47
34
23
134
Pinsk (Poland)
52
05
26
06
466
Riga (Latvia)
56
57
24
06
41
Rostov-na-Donu
47
13
39
43
157
Saratov
51
34
46
02
217
Sevastopol'
44
37
33
32
76
Smolensk
54
47
32
04
791
Solovetskiye Ostrova
65
01
35
45
56
Sortavala (Serdobol')
61
42
30
41
62
Stalingrad
48
42
44
31
138
Taganrog
47
12
38
57
115
Tallinn
59
26
24
48
146
Tambov
52
44
41
28
433
Teriberka
69
08
35
28
138
Ufa
54
43
55
56
630
Uman'
48
44
30
12
709
Ural'sk
51
12
51
22
108
Uryupinsk
50
48
42
00
288
Velikiy Ustyug
60
47
46
22
200
Velikiye Luki
56
21
30
31
371
Vil'nyus (Wilno)
54
41
25
15
486
Vyshniy Volochek
57
35
34
34
525
Vologda
59
14
39
53
400
Voronezh
51
40
39
13
400
Vyborg
60
43
28
44
27
Warszawa (Warsaw)
52
12
21
00
361
(3) Long-range forecasting problems
As is the case with other great agricultural nations,
considerable effort has been expended by Russian meteor-
ologists to develop accurate long-range crop forecasting
methods. Also, flood forecasting and the synoptic situa-
tions causing floods have been investigated. Available
literature indicates that no methods thus far developed
have proven highly successful.
54. CLIMATIC STATISTICS
Topic 54 consists of tables which present climatic in-
formation not included in previous topics. Some data
were recorded as early as the latter part of the nineteenth
century and some as late as the middle 1930's. The rec-
ords for the stations are not concurrent. The times used
are Local Standard Time as far as is known. In the case
of some of the data, sources are vague as to what time
system had been used. The 0700 observations can be con-
sidered morning conditions, but further assumptions as to
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JANIS 40
the exact time are not warranted. In the same way the petted. Where available, extreme conditions are also in-
1300 or 1400 and 1900 or 2100 observations are intended to cluded.
represent noon and evening conditions, respectively. Mean
conditions have been included where available. Tables A. Precipitation
of such data indicate general trends of conditions, and Data on precipitation are given in TABLES V-5 through
large deviations from the mean conditions must be ex- V-14,
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
A rkhangel'sk
0.89
0,78
0.90
0.78
1.43
2.01
2.37
2.53
2.24
1.78
1.27
1.05
18.03
45
Astrakhan'
0,50
0,31
0.37
0.54
0.63
0.87
0.51
0,51
0.61
0.45
0.61
0.60
6.51
16
Helsinki
1.77
1.46
1.38
1.42
1.77
1.81
2.24
2.91
2.52
2.60
2.48
2.01
24.37
71
Kazan'
0.97
0.87
0.75
0.98
1.22
2.52
2.32
1.85
1.65
1.61
1.30
1.02
17.00
24
Kem'
0.79
0.63
0.67
0.87
1.18
2.01
2.64
2.87
2.68
1.93
1,18
0.91
18.36
25
Kerch'
0.87
0.91
1.06
1.06
2.05
1.61
1.61
1.61
1.30
0.98
1.30
0.91
14.80
45
Khar'kov
1.28
1.20
1.17
1.58
1.80
2.69
2.22
1.91
1.24
1.94
1.37
1.35
19.75
18
Kiyev
1.46
1.32
1.76
1.77
2.04
3.14
3.04
1.90
1.99
2.19
1.41
1,39
23.41
18
Kola
0.50
0.84
0.49
0.62
1.25
1.24
2.27
1.94
1.73
1.26
1.31
0.90
14.35
18
Kuybyshev
0.52
0,56
0.43
0.93
1.05
1.07
1.37
0.63
1.22
1.05
0.89
0.85
10.57
12
Leningrad
1.09
1.00
0.99
1.28
1.83
2.28
2,34
3.32
2.42
1.88
1.56
1.25
21,24
50
Mezen'
0.51
0.35
0.35
0.55
0.98
1,65
1.85
2.01
1.93
1.34
0.79
0.55
15.41
20
Minsk
1.49
1.56
1.34
1,68
2.05
3.25
3.4B
3.12
1.62
1.58
1.46
1.69
24.32
18
Moskva
1.57
1.44
1.43
1.44
1.91
2.48
3.12
2.76
2.36
2.52
1.78
1.65
24.46
18
Nikolayev
0.83
0.75
0,98
0.98
1.50
2.28
1.81
1,22
1.06
1.26
1.06
1.06
14.80
62
Odessa
1.00
1.00
0.95
0.94
1.05
1.98
1.59
0.96
0.82
1.12
0.85
1.11
13.37
18
Onega
1.06
0.94
0.79
0.87
1.42
2.13
2.40
2.76
2.40
1.97
1.61
1.18
19.53
25
Ostrov Kolguyev
0.31
0.25
0.30
0.34
0.50
0.72
0,98
1.77
2.01
1.46
0,94
0.44
10.02
Ostrov Vaygach
0.32
0.22
0.18
0.22
0.33
0.90
1.13
1.32
1.26
0.84
0.47
0.36
7.55
Pinsk
1.01
1,03
1,17
1.76
2.33
3.20
3,74
2.56
1.83
2.02
1.41
1.48
23.54
23
Riga
1.38
1.34
1.22
1.46
1.54
2.48
3.58
3.42
2.05
2.05
1.97
1.69
24.18
25
Rostov-na-Donu
1.38
1,42
1,30
1.34
1.69
2.44
2.20
1.22
1.22
1.30
1.50
1.54
18.55
26
Saratov
0.98
0,92
0.75
1.06
1.19
1.56
1.52
1.35
1.17
1.53
1.41
1.48
14.92
33
Sevastopol'
1.01
1.13
1.12
0.97
0.60
0.89
0.77
0.62
1.13
1.31
1.14
1.23
11.92
18
Smolensk
1.56
0.94
1.66
1.60
1,53
3.03
2.55
2.72
2,33
2.54
1.89
1.65
24.00
6
Solovetskiye Ostrova
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.5
1,7
2.3
2.3
1.8
1.1
0.8
0.7
15.4
25
Sortavala
1.79
1.54
1.38
1.30
1.68
2,07
2.40
2.72
2.80
2.63
2.37
2,06
24.74
44
Stalingrad
0.73
0.98
0.56
0.58
1.09
2.00
0.79
0.84
0.60
0.96
1.21
1.43
11.77
12
Taganrog
1.14
1.06
1,06
1.22
1.41
2.44
2.20
1.06
1.22
1.14
1.22
1.38
16.58
35
Tallinn
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.4
2.2
1.9
2.3
3.6
2.4
2.7
2.3
1,5
23.8
15
Tambov
1.24
1.46
1.06
1.24
1.76
2,05
2.03
1.60
1.82
1.76
1.56
1.48
19.06
17
Ufa
1.61
1.34
1.14
0.98
1.73
2.36
2,60
2.13
1.65
2.28
2.36
2.36
22.54
25
U man'
1.02
1.10
1.23
1.25
2.14
3.04
2.58
1.50
1.35
1.63
0,96
1.05
18.85
18
Velikiye Luki
1.08
1.09
0.95
1.12
2.02
2.99
3.57
3.61
1.76
1,72
1.27
1.29
22.47
18
Vil'nyus
1,25
1.04
1.02
1.44
2.11
2.90
3.14
3.78
1.99
1.79
1.47
1.38
23.31
23
Vologda
1.26
1.06
1.18
1.34
2.20
2.68
2.91
3.03
2.56
1.85
1.42
1.30
22.79
26
Voronezh
1.34
1.06
1.22
1.42
1.81
2.32
2.24
1.97
1.14
1.46
1.50
1.34
18.82
34
Vyborg
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.3
2.8
3.7
3.1
2.8
2.3
1.9
26.2
50
GREATEST MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION IN INCHES
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.9
3.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
4.2
4.0
3.0
2.1
29.8
45
Helsinki
4.6
3.6
4.5
3.9
4.2
4.6
7.6
6.5
5.9
5.8
5.9
4.8
33.9
87
Kazan'
1.4
1.7
2.1
3.1
3.5
4.7
5.7
3.6
3.2
4.1
2.5
3.2
24.7
18
Kem'
1.8
1.1
2.7
1.9
3.0
3.5
4.7
5.1
5.2
3.0
2.5
3.6
24.1
18
Kiyev
3.5
3.3
3.5
4.3
4.2
5.2
7.7
2.9
4.1
5.5
4.6
2.7
33.5
18
Kola
1.3
2.4
1.1
2.1
2.4
3.1
4.5
4.4
3.5
1.9
2.4
2.5
20.3
18
Kuybyshev
1.3
1.8
0.9
2.3
2.6
2.1
2.6
1.4
2.6
2.7
2.5
1.6
15.4
12
Leningrad
2.6
2.3
2.4
3.3
4.5
5.8
5.4
7.3
7.0
3.2
4.0
2.6
27.2
50
Mezen'
1.0
0.5
0.6
1.3
1.9
4.4
3.8
4.7
2.8
2.4
1.2
0.8
15.4
20
Minsk
2.5
2.8
2.6
2.9
4.0
7.4
7.2
6.2
4.0
3.3
2.9
2.7
29.9
18
Moskva
3.4
2.6
3.4
4.2
4.0
7.5
6.5
5.4
8.0
5.7
4.1
3.4
29.6
46
Odessa
4.0
3.7
2.5
4,0
4.8
6.6
4.7
6.0
5.7
4.2
3.6
3.7
24.9
35
Pinsk
2.1
2.0
2.8
3.3
4.7
5.3
5.4
6,0
4.8
6.2
3.3
3.1
28.7
23
.Rostov-na-Donu
3.0
3.6
3.2
3.4
3.5
6.2
4.7
3.9
3.7
3.3
3,4
4.9
26.3
26
Saratov
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.8
3.0
3.4
2.6
2,7
2.7
3.3
3.9
3,4
20.9
18
Sevastopol'
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
3.9
2.7
2.0
3.4
4.3
3.6
3.6
2.3
18.3
24
Sortavala
2.8
3.6
3.6
3.1
3.3
4.3
5,4
5.1
6.6
5.3
6.1
4.3
33.8
36
Stalingrad
1.8
2.5
1.0
1.5
2.1
5.4
1.9
2.5
1.6
2.5
3.0
3.6
13.3
12
Tambov
4.2
2.8
3.2
2,9
4.4
4.3
4.6
6.2
4.0
3.6'
3.6
3.2
25.6
26
Uman'
2.6
2.9
3.1
2.3
7.3
6.2
6.5
2.9
5.0
3.8
3.0
1.8
24.9
18
Vil'nyus
2.9
2.2
2.2
2.7
6.4
5.6
5.6
8.1
4.0
3.4
3.2
3.6
28.6
23
Vologda
2.5
1.8
2.4
3.0
5.7
5.5
6.1
5.9
5.6
4.7
2.8
2.6
30.8
26
Warszawa
3.0
2.1
3.2
3,9
4.6
5.3
6.8
6.1
3.5
5.4
3.4
3.2
30.8
46
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-21
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.2
9.5
45
Helsinki
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0,1
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
14.3
87
Kazan'
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.6
0.7
0,6
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.3
11.9
18
K em'
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
1.2
1.4
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.4
12.9
18
Kiyev
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.8
1.2
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
16.7
18
Kola
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0,1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
4.7
18
Kuybyshev
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.1
0,1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
6.7
12
Leningrad
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
1.2
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.3
15.6
50
Mezen'
0.1
0,1
0.0
0.1
0,1
0,2
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.1
9.3
20
Minsk
0.3
0,5
0.6
0.4
0.8
1.5
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
19.1
18
Moskva
0.2
0,1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.8
0,7
0.6
0.2
0,4
0.6
0.2
14.2
46
Odessa
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
9.0
35
Pinsk
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.3
1.1
0,6
1.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
17.6
23
Rostov-na-Donu
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
11.0
26
Saratov
0.1
0,2
0,1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
9.9
18
Sevastopol'
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
4.2
24
Sortavala
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.1
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.3
16.8
36
Stalingrad
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
7.7
12
Tambov
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.5
12.3
26
U man'
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.2
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
13.4
18
Vil'nyus
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.5
1.0
0.6
0.9
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.3
17.1
23
Vologda
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.9
1.3
0,9
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.6
17.7
26
Warszawa
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
15.8
46
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
16
15
13
11
12
12
12
14
15
17
17
17
171
,
25
Astrakhan'
4.9
3.6
3.6
3.3
4.5
3.8
4.0
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.2
5,1
45.1
36
Helsinki
19
16
14
13
12
13
12
16
15
17
18
19
184
36
Kazan'
17
15
12
8
11
12
12
12
15
15
18
18
165
18
K em'
14.3
13.1
11.1
11,7
12.6
11.6
15.7
15.9
15.9
15.6
16.1
16.8
170.4
18
Kerch'
9
7
8
8
6
7
6
5
5
6
8
9
84
45
Khar'kov
16
14
13
11
11
12
11
9
9
10
14
17
147
18
Kishinev
7.8
7.8
7.3
8.8
10.0
11.2
8.3
6.5
5.6
6.6
8.2
8.9
97.0
37
Kiyev
17
14
15
12
13
14
14
10
11
13
15
18
166
18
Kola
10.8
12,0
10.3
10.9
14.2
13.0
15.4
15.6
17.4
15.2
16.1
13.3
164,2
18
Kuybyshev
10.6
8.8
8.3
7.3
7.5
8.5
8.5
5.1
10.4
9.1
12.6
13.7
110.4
12
Leningrad
21.7
19.0
13.5
12.3
14.5
13.2
16,2
18.8
16.3
16.4
19.0
22.2
203.1
18
Mezen'
8.1
6.7
5.4
7,2
10.2
9.4
11.4
12.5
13.6
11.0
10.0
6.6
112.1
17
Minsk
17
16
15
14
13
15
16
15
12
12
16
17
178
18
Moskva
19
16
14
12
12
14
14
15
16
15
17
20
184
18
Nikolayev
8
7
8
7
8
9
8
5
5
6
7
8
86
62
Odessa
10
10
10
8
8
9
7
4
4
6
8
10
94
18
Onega
18.9
18.9
16.3
13.5
11.8
12.4
11,8
14.8
16.6
17.8
17.8
20.2
190.8
21
Ostrov Kolguyev
23
25
21
19
18
18
14
11
16
22
22
22
231
Ostrov Vaygach
14
11
11
11
10
10
11
13
15
18
15
15
154
Pinsk
12.4
11.4
13.4
9.1
12.6
12.3
14.1
13.6
12.2
14.9
14.5
16.6
157.1
8
Rostov-na-Donu
12.5
11.1
10.7
9.2
8.3
9.7
8.2
4.8
5.4
6.6
10.4
11.1
108,0
25
Saratov
11.0
8.9
8,1
7.1
7.9
8.6
8.7
7.8
7.2
8.4
10.2
12.4
106.3
33
Sevastopol'
8.0
9.5
7.0
6.4
4.2
4.2
3.6
2.7
4.3
5,4
5.7
7.6
68.6
17
Smolensk
18
14
16
12
13
15
15
14
14
17
18
19
184
7
Solovetskiye Ostrova
13
13
11
11
11
10
11
13
16
16
15
15
155
25
Sortavala
17
16
14
12
13
14
14
16
15
17
18
19
185
36
Stalingrad
8.1
8.7
6.6
4.8
5.5
6.9
4,4
3.7
4,3
5.5
8.6
8.4
75.5
12
Taganrog
10
9
10
8
7
9
7
5
5
7
8
11
96
30
Tallinn
15
14
12
13
13
12
13
16
15
19
17
17
176
15
Tambov
15
14
11
10
10
13
11
10
13
11
16
17
151
17
Ufa
10
8
10
7
10
12
11
12
11
13
11
12
127
14
Uman'
13
12
12
11
12
13
11
9
8
10
10
13
134
18
Velikiye Luki
14
14
12
11
12
14
14
16
13
13
15
16
164
18
Vil'nyus
14
14
13
12
12
13
13
15
11
10
14
14
155
Vologda
17.7
16.4
14.5
11.4
13.8
14.4
14,6
16.1
16.6
15.8
18.0
17.9
187.2
25
Voronezh
12.5
9.7
10.1
9.6
11.0
11.2
10.2
8.8
7.5
6.8
10.8
11.4
119.6
21
Vyborg
18
16
14
12
13
13
14
17
18
19
18
18
190
50
Warszawa
15
15
14
14
13
13
15
13
11
12
14
15
164
..
Original
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 Page V-22
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
Astrakhan'
5.8
6.7
5.1
3.7
2.9
4.6
4.2
2.6
3.7
4.2
7.9
8.5
3,628
Kazan'
16.1
12.5
12.6
7.8
9.0
11.3
7.9
11.4
11.1
13.9
14.4
17.4
2,922
Kem'
16.5
15.4
12.0
13.0
13.0
9.0
11.9
13.5
12.4
13.9
18.3
18.0
3,652
Khar'kov
13.8
13.7
12.1
9.6
9.6
7.4
8.0
6.2
7.5
7.8
9.3
14.3
3,651
Kola
13.0
12.6
14.1
14.3
16.9
15,9
15.4
16.6
17.6
14.9
17.5
15.6
3,651
Kursk
17.4
13.7
11.8
10.8
10.5
9.1
10.0
8.8
10.3
12.4
15.2
17.9
3,651
Lubny
17.4
14.3
14.0
9.8
10.4
10.6
9.5
6.7
7.9
11.0
12.9
17.6
3,650
Mezen'
7.4
5.8
5.7
6.1
9.4
7.0
8.1
9.6
12.9
11.9
10.0
6.0
3,647
Moskva
14.3
11.1
13.5
9.5
9.5
10.6
9.2
11.7
11.6
12,2
15.1
17.1
3,287
Odessa
7.6
6.4
7.0
7.0
5.2
6.4
4.0
2.8
3.6
4.4
10.0
10.6
1,826
Penza
14.5
12.5
13.0
8.1
10.3
10.7
8.9
7.5
13.5
10.9
16.7
16.7
3,648
Petrozavodsk
17.3
15.3
14.7
11.7
14.7
9.6
11.9
15.1
14.9
16.8
17.0
17.3
3,650
Rostov-na-Donu
11.5
11.0
12.1
7.6
6.1
7.3
5.1
3.7
3.9
4.5
8.5
10.9
3,649
Saratov
11.3
8.0
7.7
6.7
6.9
5.4
6.5
5.4
6.0
7.3
9.5
9.8
3,649
Smolensk
17.8
15.4
16.2
12.1
11.9
10.7
9.5
10,9
13.6
13,1
17.3
17.9
3,651
T eriberka
15.0
16.6
13.0
14,7
15.2
13.3
15.8
16.0
18.7
20.7
17.5
15.8
2,188
Ufa
19.6
16.0
12.7
10.2
10.1
10.4
10.6
11.0
13.5
12.7
19.1
19.4
3,652
Uman'
11.4
12.5
11.3
8.9
10.1
9.1
7.9
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.4
12.4
3,650
Ural'sk
17.3
11.9
8.6
6.4
5.7
7,5
6.4
6.4
7.9
8.2
13.3
16.3
3,648
Vyshniy Volochek
19.7
17.9
13.8
12.2
10.7
11,6
12.3
12.2
14.0
14.6
17.7
15.7
3,650
Astrakhan'
0.2
0.4
0.4
0,6
0.9
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.3
3,628
Kazan'
0.1
0.3
0.1
0,6
1.4
2.3
2.1
2.1
0,8
1.8
0:5
0.3
2,922
Kem'
0,3
0.2
0.3
0.9
1.1
1.7
3.6
2.9
1.5
1.1
0.4
0.3
3,652
Khar'kov
1.1
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.8
2.6
2.1
1.8
0.8
1.9
0.6
1.1
3,651
Kola
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.7
1.5
3.3
1.4
2.0
1.1
1.0
0.9
3,651
Kursk
1.1
1.2
1,2
1.2
1.3
1,8
2.5
1.3
1.2
2.0
1.0
0.9
3,651
Lubny
1.1
1.3
2.1
0.8
1.7
2.4
1.5
1.1
1.0
2.8
0.5
1.3
3,650
Mezen'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
3,647
Moskva
0.7
0.3
1.1
1,8
0.9
1,9
1,6
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.0
0.7
3,287
Odessa
1,2
0.6
1.4
0.6
0.4
2.6
1.8
1.2
1,4
1.0
1.4
1.0
1,826
Penza
0.4
0.6
0.6
1.1
1.1
2,1
2,4
1.3
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.7
3,648
Petrozavodsk
0.5
0.4
1.0
0.5
1.5
2.3
1.6
1.9
2.6
1.2
1.1
0.4
3,650
Rostov-na-Donu
1.1
1.7
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.1
0.6
0.8
1.3
1.1
1.7
3,649
Saratov
0.7
0.9
0.5
1.2
1.3
1.5
0.9
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.6
3,649
Smolensk
1.3
1.1
1.2
0.9
1.2
2.2
2.8
2.0
1.5
2.6
1.0
1.6
3,651
Teriberka
0,5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.7
0.5
2.3
2.3
1,8
0.2
0.2
2,188
Ufa
1.3
1.6
1.1
1.1
1.0
2.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.2
3,652
Uman'
0.9
1.3
1.6
1,0
2.5
2.4
2.2
1.4
0.7
1,5
0.1
0.8
3,650
Ural'sk
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.4
0,6
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.6
1,5
1.4
1.0
3,648
Vologda
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.8
1,8
1.8
2.4
1.7
2.8
1,7
1.4
0.7
3,650
Vyshniy Volochek
0.8
0.9
0.5
0.9
2.7
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.3
1.8
0.8
0.9
3,652
Astrakhan'
0.9
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
3,628
Kazan'
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
1,1
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
2,922
Kem'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.9
1.4
0.9
0.9
0.3
0.2
0.0
3,652
Khar'kov
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
1.2
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.1
3,651
Kola
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.2
0.1
3,651
Kursk
0.1
0.3
0.2
0,4
0.9
1,4
1.0
0.8
1.1
1,2
0.2
0.0
3,651
Lubny
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.4
1.1
0.6
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.2
0.3
3,650
Mezen'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
3,647
Moskva
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.8
1,2
1.6
1,1
0.4
0.5
0.4
3,287
Odessa
0.6
0.2
0,8
0.4
0.8
1.2
0.2
0.8
0.2
1,0
0,6
0.6
1,826
Penza
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
3,648
Petrozavodsk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.9
1,2
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
3,650
Rostov-na-Donu
0.1
0.6
0.2
0,5
0.9
1.8
1,2
0,4
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.3
3,649
Saratov
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
3,649
Smolensk
0.3
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
1,6
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.1
3,651
T erib erka
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.0
0,0
2,188
Ufa
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.6
3,652
Uman'
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.0
1.3
1.2
1.3
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.1
0,1
3,650
Ural'sk
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
3,648
Vologda
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.9
1.3
0.7
1.1
1.0
0.4
0.1
0,1
3,650
Vyshniy Volochek
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.4
1.0
0.5
0.0
010
3,652
Astrakhan'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0,0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,628
Kazan
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,922
Kem'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,652
Khar'kov
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
3,651
Kola
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,651
Kursk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
3,651
Lubny
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.2
0,1
0.0
0.0
3,650
Mezen'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,647
Moskva
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,1
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
3,287
Odessa
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,826
Penza
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
3,648
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER Page V-23
NO OF
OBS
Petrozavodsk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
650
Rostov-na-Donu
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0,2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
,
3
649
Saratov
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
,
3
649
Smolensk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
,
3
651
Teriberka
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
,
188
2
Ufa
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
,
3
652
Uman'
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
,
3,650
Ural'sk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
648
Vologda
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
,
3
650
Vyshniy Volochek
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
,
3,652
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
'
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.4
1.7
1,1
1.4
2.5
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.4
25
Astrakhan
0.7
0.4
0.7
1.7
0.6
1.8
1.0
0.9
1.2
0.9
0.5
0,5
15
Helsinki
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.9
1.8
1.6
2.1
2.1
1.1
1.6
36
Kazan'
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.8
1.3
1.7
4.8
1.3
1,0
1.1
0.5
1.3
18
Kem'
'
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.8
1.7
1.3
1.7
2.4
1.0
0.6
0.4
18
Kerch
1.0
0,6
1,5
2.0
3.1
2.4
3.2
3.4
2.7
1.5
1.3
1.5
44
Khar'kov
1,7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.6
2.1
2.9
2.6
1.6
1.9
1.4
1.0
18
Kishinev
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.6
2.7
3.7
3.6
2.0
2.3
1.6
3.0
1.1
37
Kiyev
0.8
0.9
1,3
0.9
1.2
2.5
4.1
1.3
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.7
18
Kola
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
18
Kuybyshev
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
12
Leningrad
'
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.8
1.6
2.2
1.9
1.3
1.1
0.8
0.5
18
Mezen
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7
1.5
1.4
1.6
0.8
0.9
0.4
0.2
20
Minsk
0.7
0.8
0.5
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.9
1.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1,0
18
Moskva
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.4
2.6
1.7
1,4
1.7
0.9
0.7
18
Nikolayev
1.0
0.9
1.6
1.3
2.8
2.5
2.6
2.7
1.7
2.0
1.5
1.3
62
Odessa
1.2
1.0
1.4
0.9
0.9
1.6
3.0
1.3
1.9
2.2
0.8
0.6
18
Onega
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.4
1.1
1.2
0.9
2.8
0.8
1.3
0.5
0,5
21
Riga
0.5
0.4
0.5
1.2
1,0
1.5
1.9
1.8
0.9
1.0
0.7
0.4
10
Rostov-na-Donu
1,0
1.0
1,0
1.2
1.9
2.5
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.1
18
Saratov
0.4
0.7
1.0
0.6
1.7
1.3
1.4
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.0
0.7
18
Sevastopol'
0.6
1.0
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.8
0.9
17
Smolensk
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.6
1.1
1.3
2.6
1.8
1.4
1.5
1.2
0.8
10
Solovetskiye Ostrova
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.7
1.3
1.4
1.0
0.5
24
Sortavala
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.6
1.7
2.3
1.4
1.5
1,2
1.4
0,8
36
Stalingrad
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.7
1.3
3.2
0.9
2.0
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.8
12
Taganrog
1.1
1.1
0.8
1.0
1.7
2.1
5.5
1.5
1,5
1,2
1.5
1.1
35
Tallinn
1.1
1.0
0.7
0.6
1.3
1.1
1.2
2.2
1.3
0.9
1.0
0.6
15
Tambov
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.6
1,1
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
17
Ufa
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.1
1,5
1.3
1.7
0.7
1.4
1.1
1.4
18
Uman'
0.6
1.0
1.0
0.7
1.5
2.3
1,6
1.5
2.3
1.6
0.7
0.7
18
Velikiye Luki
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.4
0.8
0,8
18
Vologda
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.9
1,7
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.5
0.9
0.5
0.7
18
Vyborg
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.2
2.7
3.3
1.5
1.9
1.1
0.9
50
Astrakhan'
'
1,4
0.9
1,4
1.0
1.9
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.5
2.3
3
628
Kazan
'
1.2
1.8
0.4
1.0
1.9
0.6
1.1
0,8
1.7
1.5
2.5
2.0
,
2
922
Kem
1.9
2.0
1.9
1,2
1.1
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.6
1,5
1.1
1.5
,
3
652
Khar'kov
2.5
2.1
3.2
2.0
2.1
2.4
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.1
4.0
3.3
,
3
651
Kola
1.1
0.8
0.8
1.2
1.2
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
1,2
1.1
0.8
,
3
651
Kursk
4.4
4.5
6.3
3.3
4.0
4.2
3.9
3.5
3.3
3.9
6.0
4.8
,
3
651
Lubny
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.8
4.8
4.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
2.8
3.6
3.4
,
3
650
Mezen'
9.5
9.3
9.4
10.0
7.2
6.1
5.9
5.2
4.9
8.3
10.0
9,7
,
3
647
Moskva
2.3
4.0
2.0
3.9
2.5
2.1
3.1
1,9
2.1
3.8
5.0
3.1
,
3
287
Odessa
2.6
1.4
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.4
0.6
1.2
0.6
0.2
,
1
826
Penza
2.2
1.5
1.7
1.1
0.4
0.4
0.6
1.5
0.6
1.1
1.6
1.7
,
3
648
Petrozavodsk
3.1
3.4
2.6
3.9
2.6
3.8
2.8
3.9
3.3
2.5
3.4
4.5
,
3
650
Rostov-na-Donu
3.6
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.0
2.8
1.9
2.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.9
,
3
649
Saratov
2.4
1.1
2.5
1.6
1.6
3.4
3,3
2.6
1,9
1.4
2.2
2.8
,
3
649
Smolensk
1.4
1.0
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.6
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.8
1,3
,
3
651
T er iberka
1,8
1.8
2.5
1.7
2.3
1.2
1.2
0,7
1.2
0.7
1.3
0.8
,
188
2
Ufa
1.4
2.1
1,9.
1.7
3.2
3.6
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.1
1.9
,
3
652
Uman'
3.0
2.0
2.6
3,5
2.8
2.1
1.7
1,9
1.5
1.9
3.6
2.8
,
3
650
Ural'sk
1,1
0.2
0,8
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.3
0.8
1,5
1,8
0.5
,
3
648
Vologda
2.1
1,7
3.0
2.2
2.1
1.3
2.1
1.4
1.2
2.7
3.8
2.6
,
3
650
Vyshniy Volochek
0.9
1.1
1.4
1,4
1.3
1.1
0.7
1.3
1.1
1.8
1.1
0.9
,
3,652
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-24
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
8.5
9.0
7.7
4.5
2.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
1.3
6.5
9.8
9.7
60.2
25
Astrakhan'
5.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
4.0
16.0
46
Helsinki
17,0
16.0
13.0
7.0
2.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
4.0
10.0
15.0
84.0
36
Kazan'
14.5
11.7
9.6
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,4
1.6
12.2
14.6
72.5
47
Kern'
14.2
12.8
10.8
8.4
4.3
1.1
0.0
0.0
1.4
7.0
14.7
16.0
90.7
18
Khar'kov
14.0
11.0
9.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
7.0
13.0
58.0
18
Kishinev
5.3
5.1
3.5
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.3
4.6
21.6
37
Kiyev
14.0
12.0
10.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.7
14.0
62.0
18
Kola
10.5
11.8
9.8
8.9
9.0
3.7
0.1
0.1
3.1
9.4
14.8
12.4
93.6
18
Kuybyshev
10.2
8.3
7.5
3.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.1
2.2
9.8
13.0
55.2
12
Leningrad
19.9
18.2
12.0
6.6
2.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
5.1
13.4
19.0
96.8
18
Mezen'
8.0
6.7
5.2
5.0
5.5
2.4
0.8
0.7
2.8
6.8
9.8
6.5
60.2
17
Minsk
15.0
13.0
12.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.9
12.0
68.0
17
Moskva
18.0
15.0
13.0
16.0
1.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
1.0
5.0
14.0
18.0
91.0
18
Odessa
6.0
6.0
4.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
5.0
24.0
18
Ostrov Kolguyev
24.0
20.0
19.0
17.0
16.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
12.0
17.0
22.0
154.0
Ostrov Vaygach
12.0
10.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
4.0
1.0
0.0
4.0
13.0
14.0
12.0
97.0
Pinsk
14.2
11.8
7.1
3.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.2
8.3
11.6
57.7
Rostov-na-Donu
8.2
9.9
8.7
6.7
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
3.8
38.8
18
Saratov
10.9
10.4
8.0
6.8
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.9
6.7
47.2
33
Sevastopol'
2.2
3.4
1.8
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
9.5
17
Smolensk
17.0
13.0
13.0
6.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
11.0
17.0
83.2
7
Sortavala
17.0
16.0
13.0
7.0
2.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.0
11.0
16.0
88.0
36
Stalingrad
6.6.
6.5
4,5
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
4.0
5.3
28.2
12
Tambov
14.0
13.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
12.0
16.0
73.0
18
Ufa
10.0
8.0
9.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
6.0
10.0
17.0
59.0
14
Uman'
11.0
10.0
8.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
4.0
10.0
46.0
18
Velikiye Luki
13.0
14.0
10.0
4.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
11.0,
14.0
69.0
18
Vil'nyus
11.7
9.8
7.3
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
9.2
8.2
51.4
Vologda
16.4
16.6
13.1
6.4
2.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
1.2
7.1
15.9
16.8
96.5
18
Voronezh
10.3
8.1
7.7
2.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
5.1
8.9
44.8
32
Warszawa
12.9
11.6
10.3
3.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.7
6.2
11.2
57.8
Minsk
Moskva
Odessa
Onega*
Rostov-na-Donu Stalingrad
Tambov
Uman'
(3 yr.)
(4 yr.)
(3 yr.)
(25 yr.)
(19 yr.)
(22 yr.)
(22 yr.)
(24 yr.)
October:
1-10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11-20
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21-31
0.2
0.3
0.0
1.?
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
November:
1-10
0.1
0.4
0.0
2.0
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.0
11-20
0.4
1.6
0.1
3.1
0.2
0.8
1.6
0,3
21-30
1.6
2.4
0.1
5.1
0.4
0.8
2.8
0.8
December:
1-10
2.0
2.8
0.0
7.1
0.8
1.2
4.3
1.2
11-20
3.1
4.3'
0.4
8.7
0.8
2.4
6.3
1.2
21-31
3.9
5.9
2.0
11.4
2.4
_ 4.7
8.3
2.0
January:
1-10
5.9
7.9
0.8
14.2
2.8
5.9
10.6
3.1
11-20
7.1
9.4
1.6
16.1
3.1
7.9
13.8
3.5
21-31
8.3
11.4
1.6
17.7
3.9
8.7
15.0
3.9
February:
1-10
9.4
14.3
0.4
18.9
3,1
8.7
15.7
3.1
11-20
10,2
16.5
0.4
20.9
3.1
8.3
17.3
3.5
21-28
10.2
17.3
1.6
22.0
3.1
8.7
18.1
4.3
March:
1-10
9.1
18.1
0.8
22.0
2.8
7.9
18.1
3.5
11-20
7.9
18.9
0.4
23.2
2.0
5.5
16.9
2.8
21-31
5.9
16.9
0.4
22.8
0.4
2.8
13.0
1.2
April:
1-10
2.4
13.4
0.0
17.7
0.0
0.3
5.1
0.2
11-20
0.1
7:5
0.0
10.6
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
21-30
0.1
1.2
0.0
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4 Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
NIMM CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-25
Station
Beginning of snow cover (month and day)
End of snow cover (month and day)
Deepest snow
_ _
Mean
Earliest
Latest
Mean
Earliest
Latest
Mean
Month
Inches
Arkhangel'sk
10-21
9-30
11-18
4-27
4-11
5-25
26.8
Mar.
Helsinki
10-18
9-26
5-4
6-5
15.8
Feb
Kazan'
10-27
9-29
11-17
4-14
4-5
4-24
23
6
.
Mar
Kem'
10-19
10-1
..
5-4
..
5-26
.
.
Kishinev
11-1
9-27
4-2
4-30
Kursk
11-9
10-14
12-25
4-4
3-15
4-22
Leningrad
10-29
10-2
11-27
4-14
3-27
5-7
11,0
Feb.
Moskva
11-4
10-10
11-24
4-12
3-25
4-25
18.9
Mar.
Odessa
12-8
11-4
.,
3-5
3-30
Onega
10-15
9-22
4-28
5-23
22.7
Mar.
Penza
10-30
10-1
12-4
4-15
4-2
4-28
18.9
Mar.
Pinsk
10-8
9-11
..
4-23
?
5-23
Rostov-na-Donu
11-2
11-2
3-23
4-27
3.1
Feb.
Smolensk
11-7
10-9
11-27
4-10
3-19
4-28
Sortavala
10-13
9-11
5-8
?
6-19
19.8
Feb.
Stalingrad
11-19
10-24
12-14
3-22
3-6
4-12
8.7
Jan.-Feb.
Tambov
11-8
10-15
. ,
4-10
4-29
17.0
Feb.
Uman'
11-20
10-19
3-21
..
4-26
3.6
Feb.
Vologda
10-23
9-24
9-12
4-20
4-6
5-13
Voronezh
11-12
10-18
12-4
3-29
3-2
4-18
Warszawa
10-18
9-20
?
4-20
?
5-15
B. Temperature
Data on temperature are given in TABLES V-15 through
V-22.
MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE (?F.)
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
8.1
9.7
17.4
30.0
41.4
52.7
59.5
55.2
45.7
33.8
21.4
12.2
32.3
35
Astrakhan'
19.2
22.8
32.7
47.8
63.7
72.7
77.4
73.8
62.6
49.5
36.0
26.6
48.7
35
Helsinki
20.7
20.1
24.8
34.0
46.0
56.8
61.9
59.5
51.4
41.7
32.2
39.5
25.0
92
Kazan'
7.5
11.3
20.8
38.3
55.4
63.3
67.8
63.3
51.8
38.1
23.9
13.5
37.9
35
Kem'
12.0
12.0
18.3
30.4
40.5
50.7
57.6
54.0
45.1
34.2
23.7
15.8
32.9
35
Khar'kov
18.1
21.2
29.8
44.6
57.9
64.9
69.1
65.8
55.8
44.4
32.4
23.4
43.9
35
Kishinev
25.6
25.8
39.0
49.8
62.4
67.4
71.3
70.4
61.6
51.9
41.7
29.4
49.7
13
Kiyev
21.2
23.5
31.1
44.2
58.3
63.3
66.7
64.8
56.1
45.1
33.3
25,7
44.4
35
Kola
11.3
11.1
17.4
29.1
38.1
47.7
54.5
51,3
42.6
31.5
20,5
13.3
30.7
35
Kuybyshev
6.6
12.4
21.7
39.2
59.5
67.6
71.8
69.3
54.9
41.2
25.7
12.9
40.2
13
Leningrad
18.3
18.1
24.6
37.0
49.1
58.3
63.5
59.9
51.1
40.5
30,4
22.1
39.4
35
Mezen'
5.5
7.2
14.9
27.9
37.9
49.6
56.5
52.2
43.2
30.6
18.7
9.5
29.5
40
Minsk
19.8
21.6
28.2
40.8
54.1
60.6
63.5
60.6
52.3
41.7
31.1
23,9
41.4
29
Moskva
12.6
15.6
23.4
38.1
53.2
60.1
64.4
60.4
50.2
38.9
27.0
17.6
38.4
35
Odessa
26.4
29.1
36.5
47.1
60.3
67.8
72.7
71.2
62.2
52.3
40.3
32.2
49.8
35
Onega
9.8
11.8
19.2
33.9
44.8
55.0
61.2
56.8
47.0
35.0
23.6
13.0
34.3
22
Ostrov Kolguyev
13.1
9,1
6.3
16.0
27.5
35.8
45.3
47.8
41.4
31.5
25.2
18.0
26.4
Ostrov Vaygach
-1.4
0.9
0.1
10.0
21.9
34.7
41.5
42.3
38.3
20.1
18,0
6.4
19.6
Pinsk
22.6
25.3
32.2
44.4
57.2
62.6
65.5
63.0
55.0
44.2
33.6
26.8
44.4
35
Riga
24.3
25.2
30.4
41.2
54.0
61.2
64.8
61.3
53.1
44.6
34.7
26.2
43.4
20
Rostov-na-Donu
21.0
24.8
33.8
48.2
62.2
69.3
74.7
73.0
61,7
49.6
36.1
27.5
48.5
30
Saratov
12.6
10.2
22.6
42,6
57.9
65.7
70.0
67.1
56.3
42.1
28.6
14.9
40.9
35
Sevastopol'
35.6
36.9
42.3
49.8
59.9
68.2
73.9
73.0
64.9
56.8
46.2
40.8
54.0
34
Smolensk
16.9
19.2
26.1
39.6
54.0
60.4
63.7
60.4
51.1
40.1
29.3
21.0
40.1
28
Sortavala
14.2
13.6
22.6
34.5
46.2
45.8
62.7
58.8
49.6
37.3
29.2
20.8
37.1
20
Stalingrad
14.2
18.0
27.7
46.0
62.6
71.1
76.5
73.2
60.8
46.4
32.0
21.6
45.8
21
Tambov
12.0
14.9
23.7
40.8
57.2
64.0
68.4
64.4
53.1
41.0
27.9
18.1
40.5
35
Ufa
3.6
10.0
20.3
38,5
56.3
64.6
68.2
63.7
52.0
37.8
20.1
9.3
37.0
21
Uman'
19.8
24.6
31.6
44.2
57.9
67.8
67.1
65.3
56.7
45.7
33.6
26.1
44.6
35
Velikiye Luki
18.1
19.8
26.8
40.1
53.6
60.4
63.9
60.3
51.3
40.8
30.2
22.3
40.6
35
Vil'nyus
22.9
23.6
32.0
44.4
54.3
58.2
63.8
60.3
54.9
44.0
32.2
23.2
42.8
10
Vologda
10.4
13.5
21.4
35.8
50.5
58,6
63.7
58.5
48.4
36.5
24.4
14.9
36.5
32
Warszawa
25.7
27.6
34.7
45.7
57.2
62.8
65.4
63.8
56.6
57.2
36.0
28.7
46.0
25
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-26
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (?F.)
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk*
9,3
10.8
22.1
36.3
46.6
57,0
63.5
59.2
48,7
36.0
22.6
11.5
35.3
18
Astrakhan'
21.9
28,6
38,5
55.2
71.8
80.1
85.5
82.8
70.3
57,6
39.0
28.9
55.0
18
Helsinki
26.2
25.7
32.4
42.6
54.7
63.0
70.9
66.0
56,8
45.0
36.7
30.6
45,9
20
Kazan'
8.4
14.5
25.3
43.,0
62.8
70,3
74.8
71.1
57.0
42.8
42.6
12.9
42.3
18
K em'*
12.6
13.3
23,9
37,0
46.6
54.9
61.7
58.5
49,5
37.9
24.8
16.2
36,4
18
Khar'kov
20.7
26.1
33.6
50.4
67.6
73.9
77.7
76.5
65.1
52.5
34,3
24.8
50.3
18
Kishinev
31.1
32.5
47.7
58.9
74.1
78,6
83,1
82.4
73.2
61.9
48,2
34.5
58.9
13
Kiyev
23.5
28.0
35.2
49.3
65.5
70.9
73.9
73.2
63.3
51.6
35.4
27.1
37.7
18
Kola*
11.5
11.3
22.6
35.2
42.6
52.0
57.2
55.2
46.6
34.0
21.6
13.6
33.6
18
Kuybyshev*
9.0
15,8
25.9
44.4
65.7
73.2
77.4
75,7
60.8
45,9
27.7
14.7
44.7
13
Leningrad*
19.0
19.8
28,0
41.5
54.5
62.8
67.5
63.5
54.1
43.7
30,9
21.7
42.3
18
Mezen'*
7.2
7.9
19.9
33.4
43,9
53.2
61.2
57.4
47.1
33.4
18.9
7.9
32.6
18
Minsk*
21.9
25,5
33.3
46,2
61.9
68.0
70.3
68.2
59.2
47.8
33.1
24.4
46.6
18
Moskva
14,4
19.2
29.1
43.5
60.4
67,3
71.1
67.8
55,8
44.1
28.2
17.4
43.2
18
Odessa
28.6
32.9
39,2
51.8
66,7
74.5
79.3
78.6
68.4
57.6
41,9
33.1
54.,4
18
Onega*
10.6
14,5
24,4
38.3
48.0
57.7
64.2
60.3
50.4
37.4
24.4
13.3
37.0
22
Pinsk
25,3
30.0
36.9
49,3
65.5
70.7
73.8
72.1
62.8
51.4
36.7
27.5
50.2
20
Riga
26.4
27,9
34.3
45.7
59,2
65.7
69.4
66.4
58.1
48.7
26.5
27,3
47.1
20
Rostov-na-Donu*
23.2
29.7
37,9
53.6
69.4
77.2
82.6
82.4
70.5
57,7
37.9
28.8
54.2
18
Sevastopol'
38,7
41,0
45,9
54.1
65.5
73.8
78,8
79.3
70.7
62.2
49,3
43.0
58.5
18
Sortavala
21.2
20.8
31.1
42.8
55.6
64.9
72.5
67.3
56.8
42.6
34.0
26.4
44.7
20
Stalingrad*
13.6
23.5
31.6
51.6
69.8
78.4
84.4
82,8
68.7
53.8
33,6
23.4
51.3
13
Tallinn
27.0
25,0
32.0
42.0
56.0
62.0
70.0
66.0
58.0
47.0
38.0
31,0
46.0
15
Ufa
5.5
13,6
25.2
42.8
62.2
70.5
73.8
70.0
57,0
41.4
22.6
11.1
41.3
18
Velikiye Luki*
19.9
22.5
32.2
45.4
61.0
67.6
70.5
66.9
57.2
46.8
32.0
22.1
45,4
18
Vil'nyus
27.3
28,6
37.8
52.2
64.0
66.9
72.7
68.4
63.0
50.0
36.3
27.5
49.6
10
Vologda*
12.4
15.6
26.1
42.4
57.1
65,8
70.3
65.1
53,4
41.0
25.9
14.2
40.8
14
Vyborg
23,0
23.0
32.0
44,0
56.0
65.0
73.0
58.0
57.0
44.0
35.0
27.0
46.0
20
Warszawa
30.2
32.4
41.0
53.6
66,6
72.3
74,8
73.0
64,9
53.8
40.3
32.4
52.9
25
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (?F.)
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
1.2
0.3
7.9
22.8
35.4
44.4
51.3
48.4
40.5
30.2
16.3
4.3
25.2
18
Astrakhan'
11.1
17,8
25,0
38.8
54.5
64.9
68.9
64.8
53.2
41,5
28.6
21.0
40.8
18
Helsinki
16.7
15,4
21.6
31.1
40,8
49,3
56.8
54,1
46.6
36.3
30.0
22.3
35.1
20
Kazan'
-0.2
4.5
13.1
30.4
46.0
53.2
57.6
54.3
44.2
33.4
17.6
5.2
29.9
18
K em'
5.4
2.5
8,8
22.3
32.7
41.4
47.8
45.5
38.1
28.9
18.3
9.7
25.1
35
Kerch'
26.0
29.0
33.0
42.0
54.0
62.0
66.0
65.0
56.0
48.0
37.0
33.0
46.0
7
Khar'kov
10.9
15.6
23.5
35.4
46,8
54.0
56.7
53,4
44,4
35.8
25.7
16.3
34.9
18
Kishinev
19.8
22,6
30.6
39.2
50.9
57.0
60.1
58.3
50.4
41.9
32.4
24.8
40.7.
33
Kiyev
16,0
19.0
25.7
36.9
50.0
55.4
58.1
56.3
47.8
39,2
28.0
20.3
37.7
18
Kola
4.1
1.4
8.1
20.5
30.9
39.7
46.0
43.9
36.7
26.6
14.4
5.5
23.2
18
Kuybyshev
0.3
5.0
15.1
31.5
48.6
57.0
60.3
57.0
45.9
33.8
19.9
7.3
31,8
11
Leningrad
12,4
11,5
17.6
30.4
41.9
50.9
56.1
53.4
44.6
36.9
26.1
16.5
33.2
18
Mezen'
-0.9
-1.3
6.4
19.6
31.3
39,7
46.9
44.6
37.4
25.5
12.6
1.9
22.0
25
Minsk
13.6
15.8
22.5
33.1
45.1
51.6
54.3
51.8
44.2
36.1
26.4
17.6
34.3
17
Moskva
5.4
7.5
15.4
29.3
42.4
49.2
53.8
50.9
41.7
32.9
21,4
10.0
30.0
18
Nikolayev
19.0
24.0
31.0
40.0
52.0
60.0
63,0
61.0
52.0
43.0
32.0
25.0
43.0
18
Odessa
21.7
26.2
27,0
32.0
41,2
54,5
61.7
65,5
64,8
56.1
47.7
34,3
44.4
18
O nega*
9.0
9.1
14.0
29.5
41,7
52.2
58.3
53.2
43.7
32.7
22.8
12.6
31.6
22
Pinsk
16.5
19.8
26.4
37,4
48.7
53.6
56.5
54.3
46.6
38.1
28;8
21.2
37.3
18
Riga
20.5
20.7
25.1
34.2
44.4
52.0
56.3
53.6
46.6
39.2
30.6
21.9
37.1
17
Rostov-na-Donu
14.9
19,4
28.0
39.9
52.5
59.9
63.7
61.2
51.6
41.4
30.6
22.8
40.5
32
Saratov
6.4
8.8
16.0
35.4
50.2
59.9
63.5
59,7
47.7
37.4
23.0
10.9
34.9
10
Sevastopol'
30.0
32.2
35.6
42.3
51.8
60.4
64.9
64.2
56.5
50.2
39.0
34.5
46.8
18
Smolensk
12,6
14.7
19.4
32,2
44.2
52.2
54.1
51.8
43.3
35.6
25.5
13.5
33.3
10
Solovetskiye Ostrova
9.0
6.0
12.0
24.0
33.0
41.0
49.0
48.0
42.0
33.0
24.0
15.0
28.0
24
Sortavala
7.2
6,3
14,0
26.2
36.9
46,6
52.9
50.2
42,4
32.0
24.4
15.1
29.5
20
Stalingrad
8.2
12.0
20.8
37.8
51.8
61,2
65.5
62.2
50.9
37.6
27.3
16.2
37.6
14
Taganrog
14.0
21.0
27.0
40.0
54.0
62.0
66.0
64.0
53.0
43.0
30.0
22.0
41.0
18
Tallinn
18.0
15.0
22.0
31.0
41.0
47.0
55.0
63.0
46.0
38.0
30.0
23.0
35.0
115
Tambov
4.5
7.7
16.7
33.1
45.9
54,0
57.2
53.8
44.2
33.6
23.0
12.7
32.2
21
Ufa
-3.3
2.8
12.6
28.8
45.9
53.8
57.7
54,3
44.1
31.6
15.1
3.4
28.9
18
Uman'
19.8
24.6
31,6
44.2
57.9
62.8
67.1
65.3
56.7
45.7
33.6
26.1
44.6
35
Velikiye Luki
11.7
12.7
19.0
31.8
43.9
50.9
54.5
51.8
43.2
35.8
25.7
15.1
33.0
18
Vil'nyus
18,5
18.7
26,2
36.5
44.6
49.6
55.0
52.2
46.8
38.1
28.0
19.0
36.1
10
Vologda
3.4
6.1
14.0
28.4
41.0
48.9
54.0
50,4
41.7
31.6
20.1
9.0
29.1
25
Vyborg
10.0
9.0
16.0
28,0
38.0
48.0
54.0
51.0
43.0
33.0
27.0
17.0
31.0
20
Warszawa
21.2
22.8
28.4
37.8
47.7
53.2
56.1
54,7
48.4
40.6
31,8
25.0
39.0
25
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (?F.)
Page V-27
YR
REC
A rkhangel'sk*
41
39
54
67
83
90
94
89
77
65
60
39
95
A strakhan'*
49
54
72
87
98
107
110
104
96
85
67
53
71
Helsinki
47
43
53
67
66
84
88
84
74
59
49
46
44
Kazan'
39
38
52
78
92
100
103
96
94
73
69
42
47
Kem'
41
42
50
64
81
88
90
94
73
63
51
44
44
Kerch'
59
58
68
75
82
89
93
92
88
80
70
62
43
Khar'kov
47
53
66
79
87
94
99
98
95
77
68
50
99
Kishinev
57
61
77
87
93
95
102
103
93
85
81
63
37
Kiyev
47
50
70
80
93
92
94
95
92
81
61
53
54
Kola
45
41
46
58
83
86
90
85
67
56
44
42
38
Kuybyshev
36
38
51
79
89
98
104
97
90
74
53
39
12
Leningrad
42
43
55
72
86
94
97
93
85
69
56
46
157
Mezen'
37
36
44
69
80
88
87
86
74
59
45
38
33
Minsk
40
43
63
75
84
89
89
91
82
74
53
46
18
Moskva
43
43
64
78
95
93
97
100
89
72
57
46
105
Nikolayev
54
61
72
83
100
91
102
103
99
83
70
59
88
Odessa
54
59
70
75
91
92
95
94
90
86
70
58
38
Onega
38
40
50
67
81
83
87
85
75
63
49
41
20
Ostrov Kolguyev
35
34
34
36
54
61
67
68
54
46
38
36
6
Ostrov Vaygach
33
33
33
37
43
71
73
70
62
48
43
33
12
Pinsk
48
48
68
75
90
92
95
95
87
77
62
49
25
Riga
44
44
62
75
86
89
92
90
81
68
52
50
25
Rostov-na-Donu
55
54
55
80
82
89
99
102
100
95
89
69
30
Saratov*
20
39
60
80
90
102
100
97
92
81
54
43
10
Sevastopol'
66
72
80
84
90
93
100
98
97
89
77
67
37
Smolensk
40
40
59
70
81
87
87
88
77
73
50
48
10
Sortavala
45
42
54
77
85
89
95
92
76
62
48
46
28
Stalingrad
48
46
70
83
92
101
106
102
95
82
61
50
21
Taganrog
45
51
74
80
89
96
100
98
92
86
63
51
30
Tallinn
43
44
54
73
82
79
89
88
77
64
53
47
15
Tambov
38
39
59
78
91
96
103
96
96
78
56
47
30
Ufa
36
45
50
77
94
03
98
91
85
72
51
38
21
Uman'
49
49
68
80
90
89
96
94
90
85
61
54
30
Velikiye Luki
45
40
64
78
87
87
91
92
81
74
53
48
29
Vil'nyus
46
49
61
77
83
91
88
38
81
73
55
45
12
Vologda
40
39
50
74
84
88
93
90
78
72
50
40
37
Vyborg
45
48
56
75
85
91
92
92
79
74
55
44
50
Warszawa
51
54
69
78
93
96
96
98
88
77
60
57
44
ABSOLUTE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (?F,)
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
-49
-41
-35
-18
8
26
34
33
20
-5
-22
-45
37
Astrakhan'
-22
-20
-10
16
34
43
52
45
33
16
0
-22
33
Helsinki
-23
-21
-16
12
25
34
42
32
28
14
-5
-18
44
Kazan'
-44
-35
-27
-2
20
29
40
35
22
-8
-34
-36
52
Kem'
-41
-41
-32
-16
10
26
30
24
16
-5
-24
-34
44
Kerch'
-2
-13
2
23
28
44
50
52
30
28
9
3
34
Khar'kov
-26
-34
-17
9
21
30
40
32
21
1
-11
-26
37
Kishinev
-22
-25
-9
19
31
41
42
39
31
18
-7
-10
37
Kiyev
-19
-20
-8
17
28
36
42
41
28
0
-4
-22
37
Kola
-45
-36
-38
-18
3
27
30
29
17
-10
-23
-39
27
Kuybyshev
-35.
-37
-18
-7
28
40
46
42
26
8
-15
-23
11
Leningrad
-28
-38
-19
1
22
33
43
37
28
9
1
-39
37
Mezen'
-47
-43
-47
-25
4
23
28
25
13
-14
-45
-52
38
Minsk
-27
-18
-18
11
25
34
40
36
27
13
-4
-22
22
Moskva
-43
-40
-26
1
19
28
38
33
23
-1
-9
-40
37
N ikolayev
-22
-21
-6
21
28
41
49
47
27
9
-6
-16
89
Odessa
-11
-14
5
21
34
42
50
47
32
8
6
-5
37
Onega
-45
-45
-32
-8
13
27
35
30
24
-6
-28
-43
20
Ostrov Kolguyev
-23
-29
-33
-21
-4
15
30
25
17
3
-5
-23
Ostrov Vaygach
-45
-40
-42
-30
-11
14
16
23
18
4
-22
-37
Pinsk
-21
-24
-16
5
27
34
43
38
28
17
-4
-16
Riga
-20
-12
-5
19
30
35
45
42
29
20
6
-11
Rostov-na-Donu
-19
-15
-6
18
30
36
47
40
25
14
1
-11
Saratov
-25
-17
-9
3
29
38
49
42
30
17
-6
-20
Sevastopol'
-4
0
4
26
30
41
54
52
36
31
10
3
Smolensk
-25
-16
-12
3
24
32
44
40
27
20
1
-25
Sortavala
-34
-39
-25
-13
18
27
36
33
19
6
-11
-37
Stalingrad
-30
-23
-14
13
23
39
49
37
32
7
-6
-26
Taganrog
-16
-22
-5
13
37
42
45
44
27
23
4
-10
Tallinn
-17
-19
-10
11
22
32
43
39
28
11
0
-8
Tambov
-38
-31
-17
0
17
33
39
33
24
5
-13
-35
Ufa
-42
-39
-23
-2
21
30
40
38
22
2
-26
-37
U man'
-26
-27
-13
19
25
34
38
36
25
-1
-9
-19
Velikiye Luki
-30
-35
-22
6
24
27
40
37
22
15
-6
-26
V il'nyus
-25
-31
-23
10
26
32
41
39
29
20
-9
-14
Vologda
-42
-39
-29
-5
14
25
37
30
23
-3
-19
-39
Vyborg
-36
-39
-33
-3
20
30
38
33
21
7
-14
-28
Warszawa
-22
-28
-14
22
30
35
43
41
29
15
0
-5
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-28
TABLE V - 20
MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS WITH DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE ` 32?F,
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
30
27
27
9
3
0
0
0
0
8
22
29
155
10
Astrakhan'
25
18
8
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
18
77
10
Kazan'
30
26
22
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
22
29
137
13
Kem'
29,3
26,5
25.6
8,0
1.9
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
6,7
19.5
28.6
146.1
10
Khar'kov
24
21
13
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
12
21
93
10
Kishinev
16.4
12.3
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0..0
0,0
0.2
4.0
12.9
49,9
37
Kiyev
22
18
10
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
10
20
82
10
Kola
29,9
26.7
27.0
10,7
3.2
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
11.5
20.2
28.4
157.6
10
Kuybyshev
29,5
26.1
21.1
2.2
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
2.5
18.2
27.1
126.7
8
Leningrad
26.3
23.9
21,2
3,0
0.0
0.0
0,.0
0.0
0.0
2,0
12.5
22.8
111.7
10
Mezen'
30,2
27,5
25.2
11.5
4.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
13.2
25.9
30.6
169,6
13
Minsk
23
19
12
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
11
20
87
9
Moskva
27
24
18
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
16
25
114
10
Odessa
17
13
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
12
50
10
Rostov-na-Donu
22.1
16.8
8.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,2
7.3
16,8
72.5
10
Saratov
28,2
22.3
17.9
2,5
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,0
15,2
25.2
112,3
13
Sevastopol'
6.4
4.7
1.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.6
16.7
10
Stalingrad
28,0
22.7
15.6
1,1
0.0
0,0
0.0
0..0
0,0
0.7
13.8
22.1
104.0
10
Tambov
28
24
17
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
16
25
114
10
Ufa
30
27
22
4
0
0
0
0
0
5
22
29
139
10
Uman'
21
18
10
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
20
79
10
Velikiye Luki
24
22
13
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
12
22
95
10
Vologda
29.1
26.1
21.4
4.3
0,4
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5,2
18.1
27.2
131.8
10
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
30.9
28.2
30.6
23.5
11.2
1,8
0.0
0.0
2.1
15,9
28.3
30.8
203.3
18
Astrakhan'
30.3
27.2
24.3
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4,3
19,1
27,3
138,0
17
Kazan'
31
28
29
17
2
0
0
0
2
15
28
31
183
13
Kem'
31.0
28.1
30.7
24,8
13.2
2,2
0.1
0.6
5.3
18.4
27.4
30.4
212,1
18
Khar'kov
29
26
27
11
1
0
0
0
1
8
21
28
152
10
Kishinev
26.5
22.6
16.7
4.2
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
3.1
13,5
23.4
110.2
37
Kiyev
29
26
26
9
0
0
0
0
0
4
20
28
142
10
Kola
30.8
28,1
30.4
25.2
17.7
3,5
0.0
0,1
5.2
20.8
27.3
30.8
219.9
13
Kuybyshev
30.8
28,0
29,6
15.2
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
12.7
26.0
30.4
174.4
12
Leningrad
30.3
27.7
29.4
17.6
3,9
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.8
8.4
22.2
28.4
168
7
18
Mezen'
30?8
28.2
30.7
23,5
17,5
4,8
0.3
1.0
6.6
21,2
29.7
31,0
.
225.3
13
Minsk
30
27
29
12
1
0
0
0
1
8
23
29
160
7
Moskva
30
28
29
18
2
0
0
0
1
10
23
29
170
10
Odessa
24,2
20.3
14.7
1,7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.1
0.6
12.1
21.4
95,1
18
Onega
30.9
28.2
30.4
22.4
10,2
1.5
0.0
0.1
2,9
18,2
27,7
30.4
202.9
20
Rostov-na-Donu
28,9
24.6
22..1
4.7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
3.7
18,2
24.8
127.1
10
Saratov
30.5
27,6
27,8
11.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
8,1
24.9
30.4
161
4
14
Sevastopol'
15.8
13.1
8.,6
1,1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
5.8
10.7
.
55,2
18
Stalingrad
30.6
27.8
25.9
10.6
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.2
6.9
22.9
28.8
153.7
8
Tambov
30
28
29
17
2
0
0
0
1
10
24
29
170
10
Ufa
31
28
30
21
2
0
0
0
1
14
28
31
186
10
Uman'
28
25
24
9
0
0
0
0
1
6
21
27
141
10
Velikiye Luki
30
27
29
14
3
0
0
0
1
8
22
29
163
10
Vologda
30.8
28,2
29,7
19.3
4,7
0.5
0,0
0.0
2.4
15.1
26.1
30.4
187,2
18
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
First frost (month and day)
Last frost (month and day)
Mean
Extreme
Mean
Extreme
Kishinev
10-11
9-20
4-12
4-29
Kiyev
10-14
9-23
4-22
5-13
Kola
9-7
8-15
6-6
6-26
Leningrad
10-8
9-22
5-6
5-21
Mezen'
9-2
8-10
6-15
7-10
Minsk
10-4
9-17
5-3
6-12
Moskva
9-25
9-7
5-17
6-12
Onega
9-14
8-17
5-31
6-20
Rostov-na-Donu
10-16
9-19
4-10
5-10
Saratov
10-7
9-16
4-28
6-2
Sevastopol'
11-16
10-16
3-30
4-25
Stalingrad
10-12
9-27
4-19
5-7
Tambov
9-28
9-5
5-6
5-27
U man'
10-6
9-9
4-29
5-25
Vologda
9-23
9-5
5-18
6-18
C. Humidity
TABLES V-23 and V-24 give data on relative humidity.
Page V-29
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
'
88
87
83
76
73
68
74
80
85
87
90
89
82
25
Astrakhan
86
84
78
67
59
57
58
60
66
75
83
87
72
19
Helsinki
'
87
87
82
78
71
72
73
80
83
86
88
89
81
26
Kazan
87
85
81
72
64
66
65
72
76
80
86
87
77
20
Kem'
88
87
83
81
75
73
80
86
88
88
90
90
84
21
Kerch'
88
85
84
78
76
73
67
88
73
79
85
88
79
20
Kishinev
83
82
79
68
67
68
65
64
70
79
83
83
74
20
Kiyev
86
84
82
70
62
68
69
68
72
78
85
89
76
25
Kola
86
85
80
75
71
70
75
80
83
86
88
88
81
24
Leningrad
86
85
79
71
63
63
67
74
79
82
86
87
77
25
Mezen'
87
85
81
75
72
69
73
80
85
87
89
88
81
25
Nikolayev
87
86
83
72
69
68
64
62
70
79
86
88
76
33
Odessa
88
87
80
72
67
63
59
59
67
78
84
87
74
19
Onega
87
86
78
74
69
66
73
80
83
87
90
88
80
17
Pinsk
88
86
82
73
70
71
74
78
80
86
90
90
80
15
Riga
88
84
81
73
70
67
71
76
79
85
89
88
79
16
Rostov-na-Donu
86
87
84
68
62
65
59
55
63
73
84
88
73
25
Saratov
87
86
87
75
59
56
61
61
65
78
87
89
74
11
Sevastopol'
80
80
75
70
70
69
66
66
68
76
78
79
73
17
Smolensk
85
85
80
77
67
73
76
77
83
87
89
86
80
3
Solovetskiye Ostrova
88
87
83
80
75
73
79
83
84
84
87
88
83
25
Sortavala
87
86
80
75
69
71
72
79
84
85
89
89
83
27
Taganrog
91
92
87
75
71
69
65
70
70
82
88
92
79
8
Tallinn
88
87
84
82
79
76
78
84
85
86
89
89
84
15
Tambov
'
86
84
83
73
64
67
67
69
76
80
87
87
77
17
U man
'
89
87
85
72
64
71
69
64
70
79
86
90
77
22
Vil
nyus
88
86
81
73
66
68
71
75
81
85
89
90
79
Vologda
84
82
77
73
67
67
72
78
82
83
85
85
78
20
Voronezh
83
81
83
74
64
75
68
71
74
80
87
84
77
7
Vyborg
88
87
80
76
79
69
70
78
83
85
89
89
81
30
Warszawa
87
85
81
75
70
71
73
75
79
85
88
89
80
,
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-30
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
REC
0700
Arkhangel'sk
89
89
88
85
79
75
79
87
91
92
91
88
86
20
Astrakhan'
90
90
89
79
67
64
65
70
78
86
89
90
80
19
Helsinki
88
89
88
84
76
76
77
86
90
90
90
90
85
26
Kazan'
88
88
88
80
72
74
71
82
86
87
88
88
83
20
Kem'
88
88
86
83
74
72
79
87
91
90
91
90
85
21
Kishinev
88
87
88
81
78
78
76
77
84
91
91
89
84
20
Kiyev
89
89
90
81
72
76
78
80
85
88
90
91
84
25
Kola
86
86
86
81
75
74
80
86
90
89
88
88
84
24
Leningrad
87
87
86
80
70
70
75
82
87
88
88
88
82
25
Mezen'
87
86
86
81
76
73
78
86
92
91
90
88
84
25
Minsk
88
88
91
83
77
78
89
87
90
91
92
91
87
9
Moskva
86
86
86
79
69
72
77
83
89
88
87
86
82
25
Odessa
91
91
87
82
75
70
68
71
78
86
89
90
82
19
Onega
87
88
84
81
74
70
78
86
90
91
91
88
84
17
Riga
89
88
87
81
75
71
76
83
88
91
91
89
84
16
Rostov-na-Donu
89
90
90
79
70
72
68
66
76
84
89
91
80
25
Sevastopol'
82
84
79
75
72
71
68
70
73
80
81
80
76
7
Sortavala
87
88,
86
82
73
75
77
85
91
90
90
89
84
27
Tambov
88
88
90
82
73
75
76
80
87
90
90
89
84
17
Uman'
91
91
91
82
73
78
78
73
84
90
92
92
85
22
Vologda
85
84
83
81
74
74
80
87
91
90
86
85
83
20
1300
Arkhangel'sk
88
87
79
71
66
61
64
70
77
86
90
89
77
20
Astrakhan'
80
73
62
48
42
42
41
41
45
56
73
82
57
19
Helsinki*
88
89
88
84
76
76
77
86
90
90
90
90
85
26
Kazan'
86
81
73
61
52
53
53
57
62
70
82
86
68
20
Kem'
87
84
73
65
60
61
66
70
73
81
88
89
75
21
Kishinev
77
74
67
52
51
53
49
48
53
64
72
79
62
20
Kiyev
83
78
72
57
48
54
55
52
56
66
78
85
65
25
Kola
86
83
73
66
63
63
68
70
74
82
88
88
75
24
Kuybyshev
85
82
82
65
47
46
50
49
53
67
83
87
66
9
Leningrad
85
82
71
60
53
54
57
63
68
75
83
86
70
25
Mezen'
86
83
74
66
63
61
64
69
75
82
88
87
75
25
Minsk
86
81
71
65
56
59
63
63
69
73
86
89
72
9
Moskva
82
77
68
56
47
51
54
56
62
69
80
83
65
25
Odessa
84
81
71
60
54
51
47
46
55
68
78
83
65
19
Onega
86
82
70
65
60
60
65
70
74
82
88
88
74
17
Riga
86
80
72
63
59
57
60
64
65
77
85
87
71
16
Rostov-na-Donu
82
82
75
55
48
51
45
40
47
60
79
85
62
25
Sevastopol'
70
70
64
57
56
55
52
51
52
62
67
71
61
7
Sortavala*
86
83
72
66
59
61
61
68
73
79
88
88
74
27
Tambov
81
77
72
59
48
50
50
51
58
66
82
84
65
17
Uman'
85
82
76
58
49
56
52
48
52
65
78
87
66
22
Vologda
83
79
71
62
54
54
58
63
69
74
82
84
69
20
2100
Arkhangel'sk
88
89
85
81
76
71
76
83
86
89
91
89
84
20
Astrakhan'
87
88
83
74
68
66
68
70
74
82
86
88
78
19
Helsinki
88
87
83
80
74
75
76
83
86
87
89
89
83
26
Kazan'
87
86
83
76
68
70
72
76
79
82
87
88
80
20
Kem'
88
87
83
81
75
73
80
86
88
88
90
90
84
21
Kishinev
85
84
81
70
71
72
69
67
74
82
85
87
77
20
ICiyev
87
86
84
72
65
73
73
72
75
80
86
90
65
25
Kola
86
86
82
78
75
73
78
75
86
-87
88
88
83
24
Leningrad
87
86
79
72
66
66
70
77
82
83
86
88
79
25
Mezen'
87
86
82
78
76
73
78
85
88
89
90
88
83
25
Minsk
90
89
84
77
77
80
83
87
88
89
91
90
85
9
Moskva
85
84
80
72
65
80
74
79
82
82
84
86
78
25
Odessa
88
87
80
72
67
63
59
59
67
78
84
87
74
19
Onega
87
87
80
76
72
68 -
76
84
86
89
90
89
82
17
Riga
88
85
84
74
75
74
77
82
83
87
90
89
82
16
Rostov-na-Donu
87
88
86
71
67
72
65
59
66
74
85
89
76
25
Sevastopol'
81
81
75
75
76
76
75
73
72
77
81
80
77
7
Sortavala
87
87
81
78
74
76
78
85
88
87
89
89
83
27
Tambov
88
88
88
79
72
76
73
76
83
84
89
89
82
17
Uman'
90
89
87
75
69
79
76
71
74
81
87
91
81
22
Vologda
85
83
78
75
72
74
77
84
87
85
86
85
81
20
r.__ I.? _ Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
D. Surface wind
TABLES V-25 through V-28 give data on surface wind.
Page V-31
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangelsk
11.9
9.5
10.6
9.0
10.2
10.4
8.7
9.5
10.7
11.3
12.4
7
9
10
3
10
Astrakhan'
9.5
10.0
10.4
10.8
8.7
8.6
6.7
7.1
8.0
8.4
9.8
.
9.4
.
9.0
10
Helsinki
10.2
9.1
9.4
8.1
8.4
8.3
7.6
7.9
9.1
9,9
9.9
10
1
9
0
16
Kazan'
8.3
9.9
8.2
7.9
7.8
6,5
6.9
6.3
7.1
7.6
8.6
.
8
0
.
7
7
13
K em'
11.0
8.8
10.1
8.8
10.5
10.1
9.2
9.9
10.9
9.8
11.6
.
10
2
.
10
1
10
Kerch'
'
10
10
10
10
9
8
8
9
9
9
10
.
10
.
9
23
Khar
kov
7.9
8.0
7.4
8.3
6.6
5.3
4,8
5.1
5.5
6.3
7.2
6.8
6.6
9
Kishinev
8.3
9.0
8.8
9.2
7.8
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.9
6.6
8.0
7.9
7.7
20
Kiyev
9.1
10.4
9.6
9.8
8.8
8.1
8.1
7.8
8.7
9.2
9.2
9.5
9.0
10
Kola
9.8
9.1
8.7
7.6
9.2
10.1
9.0
7.4
8.1
8.5
9.8
9.4
8.9
10
Kuybyshev
6.9
8.1
8.3
8.1
7.7
7.6
6.7
7.1
7.0
8.4
8.5
7.7
7.7
9
Leningrad
'
10.4
10.1
10.4
8.8
8.5
8.8
8.7
8.7
10.0
9.7
10.3
10.6
9.6
10
Mezen
7.8
8.6
8.6
8.7
10.3
9.4
8.7
7.8
8.2
8.1
7.9
7.5
8
5
13
Minsk
8.4
8.6
8.9
8.5
7.9
6.9
7.1
6.4
7.8
7.5
8.0
8.2
.
7
8
10
Moskva
8.4
8.1
8.3
7.5
7.5
7.0
6.9
7.2
8.0
7,8
9.0
8.4
.
7
8
10
Nikolayev
10
11
11
11
9
8
7
8
8
9
9
10
.
9
32
Odessa
11.5
11.9
11.1
11.2
9.7
9.9
9.4
9.2
9.5
9.7
10.6
10.9
10.4
10
Ostrov Kolguyev
18
17
15
15
16
16
14
14
15
15
16
17
16
Ostrov Vaygach
18
17
17
17
16
15
15
13
15
19
20
19
17
Rostov-na-Donu
13.9
12.3
11.3
11.8
10.2
9.4
9.3
9.1
9.0
10.2
10.7
10.9
10
7
10
Saratov
'
8.2
8.3
7.2
8.4
8.1
8.3
8.4
8.3
8.7
8.0
7.9
7
2
.
8
1
13
Sevastopol
6.4
6.7
6.0
5.3
4.5
5.0
4.2
5.4
5.0
4.6
5.8
.
6.0
.
5.4
10
Smolensk
10.0
9.2
9.6
7.8
6.8
6.6
5.9
6.0
6.4
8.0
9.0
8.3
7.8
3
Sortavala
6.9
6.2
5.8
5.3
6.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
6.7
6.9
6.6
5.9
6.2
31
Stalingrad
5.7
5.3
5.4
6.0
4.3
4,4
3.8
3.9
4.5
4.2
4.7
4.5
4.7
8
Taganrog
14
14
14
14
13
11
9
9
11
13
13
13
12
21
Ufa
'
6.8
8.3
7.5
7.6
6.9
6.2
5.9
5.8
6.4
7.2
7.6
7
2
7
0
10
U man
7,7
9.4
7.6
8.7
6.9
5.8
4.9
4.7
6.0
5.9
6.9
.
7.4
.
6
8
10
Velikiye Luki
7.6
7.4
8.2
6.4
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.2
7.1
7.8
7.5
8.9
.
6
9
10
Vologda
6.7
7.4
7.4
6.1
6.6
6.0
4.9
5.5
6.5
6.8
7.0
6.8
.
6.5
10
Voronezh
11.4
11.0
12.0
10.6
9.7
9.1
9.4
9.8
9,7
10.2
11.2
11.1
10.4
11
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
SE
SE
SE
SE
NW
NW
NW
NW
SW
SW
SW
SE
SE
25
Astrakhan'
E
E
E
E
E
W
SE
E
E
E
SE
E
E
11
Helsinki
'
sw
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
NW
SW
SW
SW
26
Kazan
S
S
SE
SE
SW
W
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
S
S
35
Kem'
W
W
W
SW
NE
NE
NE
NE
SW
W
W
W
W
12
Kishinev
NW
NW
SE
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
37
Kiyev
NW
SE
NW
SE
NW
N
NW
NW
NW
SE
SE
W
NW
13
Kola
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
N
N
N
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
25
Kuybyshev
SW
SW
S
S
S
W
W
W
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
9
Leningrad
S
SE
SE
SE
W
W
W
W
W
S
S
SE
W
28
Mezen'
S
S
S
S
N
N
N
NE
S
S
S
S
S
6
Moskva
S
S
S
S
S
W
W
W
W
S
SW
S
S
25
Odessa
N
N
NE
S
S
N
N
N
N
NE
N
N
N
47
Ostrov Kolguyev
SW
SW
SW
NE
E
NE
NE
N
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
Ostrov Vaygach
SE
S
S
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
SW
SE
SE
S
NE
Pinsk
W
W
SE
SE
NE
NW
NW
W
W
SE
W
W
W
3
Rostov-na-Donu
E
E
E
E
E
W
W
NW
E
E
E
E
E
23
Saratov
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
NW
W
S
NW
NW
7
Sevastopol'
NE
NE
NE
S
W
NW
NW
NW
NE
E
NE
NE
NE
43
Sortavala
NW
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
S
S
NW
S
SE
S
S
36
Tambov
S
S
SE
SE
E
W
W
W
W
S
SW
S
S
18
Vil'nyus
S
S
S
S
S
W
W
SW
SW
S
SW
S
S
24
Vologda
SW
S
SE
SW
SW
NW
NW
W
NW
SW
SW
SW
SW
25
Warszawa
W
W
S
S
N
NW
W
W
W
S
S
S
W
24
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Page V-32 JANIS 40
TABLE V - 27
MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS WITH GALES (VELOCITY = 32 M.P.H.)
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
2.4
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.6
0.7
1.1
1.9
1.8
2.4
1.5
19.7
18
Astrakhan'
1.0
1.0
2,2
2.3
1.6
1.4
0.9
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.3
1.1
15.8
18
Kazan'
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
15
Kem'
2.0
1.1
1.7
1.1
1.9
1.8
1.3
1.4
2.4
1.6
1.4
1.3
19.0
18
Kerch'
1
1
2
1
1
0.5
0,5
1.5
2
2
1
2
15
32
Khar'kov
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
8
8
Kishinev
1,6
1.3
1.7
2.0
1.3
0.9
1.0
1.1
0.8
0.7
1.6
1.4
15.4
37
Kiyev
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
18
Kola
4.3
4.3
3.5
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.2
1.4
2,4
2.7
4.6
3.7
36.4
18
Kuybyshev
0.7
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.7
1.1
1,2
0,3
0,3
0.7
0.7
9.8
12
Leningrad
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.7
17
Mezen'
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.9
0.5
0,3
0,5
0.6
0.9
0.6
8.2
18
Minsk
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
12
Moskva .
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
18
18
Nikolayev
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
21
39
Odessa
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
18
Onega
0,3
1.1
0.4
0.2
0.8
0,8
0.7
0,5
1.1
0,9
0.3
0.4
7.5
19
Ostrov Kolguyev
6
3
3
6
2
2
0
1
3
4
3
4
37
Ostrov Vaygach
9
8
8
8
7
5
5
4
4
9
10
8
85
Riga
4
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
3
3
26
10
Rostov-na-Donu
7.2
6.3
4.9
5.1
3.5
2.6
2.0
2.3
2.9
4.2
4.6
5,1
50.7
18
Saratov
2.8
2.5
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.6
2.7
2.6
1.6
1.9
2,2
1.9
26.2
18
Sevastopol'
3.5
2.5
2.2
2.4
0.9
0.5
1.7
2.3
2.8
2.3
2.1
3.5
26.7
10
Smolensk
3.0
3.2
2.4
1.5
1.3
0.8
0.5
1.5
1.3
0.8
3.4
2.3
22.0
10
Stalingrad
1.2
1.3
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.6
0,5
0.5
0.2
0.5
1.0
0.3
8.2
12
Taganrog
4
5
5
5
4
3
2
2
3
4
4
4
45
28
Tambov
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
18
Ufa
2.1
2.4
0.6
0.7
1.4
1.4
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
1.5
17.3
10
Uman'
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
15
18
Velikiye Luki
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
14
15
Vologda
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
2.2
18
Voronezh
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.6
0.4
2.9
8
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-33
January:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
2.9
0.7
1.3
1 9
6.8
1 3
0,9
0..0
1.9
0 0
0.3
1.0
1.3
0.3
1.0
0.3
3-4
2.6
0,6
2,3
6.2
16,1
2.3
2.3
0.0
4,6
0.9
4,2
2 2
4.2
1.6
0.6
1.1
5-6
0 0
0.0
0.6
1.9
1.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.3
1.0
0 0
0,0
0.0
'7
0,0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.7
0 3
0,3
0,0
0.3
0.6
0,0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0,0
1300 (309 obs):
1-2
2.3
0.3
1.6
2.6
2.9
1.0
0.0
0,0
0,6
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.,0
00
0.0
3-4
3.2
1.0
2.7
5.8
14.5
2.9
3.9
1,3
5.2
2.3
3.3
3.2
4.6
1.0
1.0
0.0
5-6
0.0
0.3
0 0
1.6
2 6
0 3
0.7
0.0
1..3
0.0
0.0
0,7
0,6
0,0
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0,0
0.6
0.3
0 0
0,3
03
0.0
1.0
0.6
0,0
0.6
2.5
0,0
0.0
0,0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
3.9
0.3
0.7
2.9
5.5
2.2
0.3
0,0
1.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
2,3
0.3
0.3
0.3
3-4
2.9
0.6
0.9
6.1
14.9
2.0
1.6
1.0
3,.9
2,3
2.6
1.5
4.5
1,3
1.0
0,3
5-6
0.0
0,7
0.7
1,0
1,9
07
0.7
0.3
0.9
0,6
0,0
0.3
0,0
0,3
0.0
0.0
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,6
0 3
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.3
0,0
0.6
0.7
0 0
0.7
0.0
0.0
April:
0700 (299 obs):
1-2
2 0
0.3
1,0
0 3
4.8
0.7
0,3
0.3
2,4
0,0
2.3
0.3
1?0
0.0
0,3
0.3
3-4
5,7
0.7
4,0
0 3
9,0
4.0
3,.3
1.0
5,3
1,0
1,7
2.4
4.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
5-6
0 3
0.3
1 0
1 4
2,7
0 3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.0
> 7
0 7
0.0
0,7
0 7
1,3
0.4
0.7
0.0
0.0
0 0
0.0
0.0
0,7
0.3
0.0
0,3
1300 (299 obs):
1-2
1.0
0 0
0,0
0.7
0,3
0,4
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0,7
0 3
0..3
0.3
0?4
0.0
3-4
4.1
2.0
2.7
3 3
9,0
2.7
3,3
0,7
8.0
1.0
2,3
1,0
5.3
0.7
1.0
0.4
5-6
0,3
1.0
0.7
1 3
5,7
2,0
1 7
0.7
1.7
0.3
0.3
0,3
3.1
0.0
0,3
1.0
7
0.6
0.7
0,6
1.4
4,8
0.6
1.7
0.6
0.7
0 0
0.0
1.6
1.7
0.7
0.0
0..3
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
1.4
0,3
0 7
0.0
1 6
0.3
0.7
0,7
2.7
0.3
0.7
0.,3
1.7
0,0
0,3
0.7
3-4
2.6
1,4
2.0
2.7
8.4
4.7
6.3
0,6
5.7
1.0
1.7
0,6
4.4
0.6
0.6
1.3
5-6
0.7
0.3
0.0
1,0
2.4
0.7
0.0
0.0
0 3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.7
0,0
7
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0 0
0.0
0 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,3
0.0
0,0
July:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
1,3
0 3
1.6
0.0
5.2
0.7
0,.7
0.0
1.9
0..0
1.0
0.6
1.6
0..0
0.,3
1.3
3-4
3,3
1 6
2.6
4 2
7.4
0.9
0,9
1.0
4.6
1.6
3.9
2.3
5.2
0 6
1..3
0:6
5-6
0.,6
0.0
0.3
0.3
0,3
0,6
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.3
0.0
0.3
1.0
0,0
0,0
0.3
> 7
0 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0..0
0,0
0.0
0,.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
1.3
0.0
1,3
1.0
2.9
0.3
1,6
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.3
0,3
0.6
0,0
0.0
0.0
3-4
6.5
1,6
2.9
2,6
10.5
5.5
3.6
4.5
10,0
1,0
29
0,7
2.6
1,3
1,0
0,6
5-6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
1,3
0,0
1,0
0,3
2,9
0.3
0.7
0,0
2.0
0.3
0.0
0.7
7
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0,0
0..3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0,3
0.0
0,6
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
1.3
0 0
0.3
0.3
2.6
0.3
1,0
1.0
3.9
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
3-4
2.0
0,0
1,3
1.6
0.9
0..7
0.3
0,6
7.4
1 3
1,0
1.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
5-6
0,3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.7
0,0
0,0
0.0
1,0
0.0
0.0
0..0
0,3
0.0
0.3
043
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
October:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
0.3
0.6
1 3
1,0
6.8
1.0
1,6
0,3
1.6
0,0
0.7
0,7
0.6
0,0
0.3
0.0
3-4
2.0
1.3
2 2
4,2
12 6
3.2
3.6
0.7
3.6
1.6
2.9
1,6
7.2
0,6
1.0
0,3
5-6
0.3
0.0
0,0
0,3
0,3
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0 6
0.0
0.3
0,0
03
0.0
> 7
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0,3
0.6
0.0
0,3
0.3
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
1.6
0,0
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.3
0.6
0 0
2.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0,6
0 3
0.0
0,0
3-4
3.2
1.3
2.3
2.9
10.6
7,1
5.2
2.3
7.1
1.9
2,6
2.2
5,2
1.6
1.6
0.6
5-6
0,7
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.9
2 6
4.2
0.3
1,0
0.0
0.3
0.7
1.3
1 0
0.3
0,7
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.6
1.0
0.0
0,3
0,0
0.7
0.0
1,3
0.0
0.3
0.3
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
1.0
0,3
0.6
0.6
4.9
1.0
1.9
0,0
1.6
0.7
0 3
0.,3
1.9
0.0
0.0
0,0
3-4
3.6
0.7
1.3
2,6
9,4
3,5
2.9
0.3
3.9
0.3
1.6
0.0
4.2
0,7
0.6
1.6
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,3
1,3
0..3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,3
1.0
0.6
0.0
0,3
>- 7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
January:
0700 (248 obs):
1-2
5.7
3.6
1,6
1,6
0.8
0.4
2.8
9.8
1.6
3.7
4.0
2.8
4 8
2,8
CO
2.4
3-4
0.0
0.4
1.2
0.0
0,4
1.2
2.0
6.6
1.6
2.8
0,8
1,2
0.8
0,4
1,6
0,0
5-6
0
0
0
0
0.0
0
4
0.4
0.0
0.4
3.2
1,2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
>> 7
.
0.0
.
0,0
0.0
.
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (248 obs):
1-2
3.6
2.0
2.4
2.4
0.4
2.4
0.4
9.7
8,1
3.3
4.5
6.1
4.,9
2.4
4.4
2,8
3-4
0,4
1.6
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
2.8
8.5
3.6
1,6
0.8
2.0
1,2
0.8
0,0
0.8
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,4
0.0
0.0
0,8
1.6
0.8
2.4
1.2
0.4
0,4
0.0
0.0
0.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (248 obs):
1-2
3.6
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.4
0.8
2.4
8.2
4,9
3.2
2.0
4,8
2.4
1.6
3.2
2.8
3-4
0.8
0.8
1.6
0,0
0.0
0,8
1.6
7,8
1.2
3,3
1.2
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.0
0.8
5-6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0.4
4
2
0.0
1.2
2.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
>> 7
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0,0
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-34
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
TABLE V - 28 (Continued)
April:
0700 (239 obs):
1-2
2.5
5.5
1.3
3.8
1.3
4.2
5.8
8.4
3.0
6.7
3.3
6,6
1.3
4,4
2.1
2.9
3-4
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.0
1.3
5.9
0.4
2,1
0.4
2.1
0.4
0.4
0.8
0,4
5-6
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.4
0.8
0.9
1.3
0,0
0.4
0.0
0.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (240 obs):
1-2
1.7
3.3
2,5
2.1
2.9
2.1
1.7
5.4
2.9
5.8
3.8
7,9
2.6
1.6
1.3
2.9
3-4
0?4
3.3
2.1
0.8
0.0
2.1
1.2
6.7
2,1
2.9
3,3
8.3
1.2
2,6
0.0
0.9
5-6
0.0
0.9
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.2
2.1
1.7
1.2
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.0
7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (240 obs):
1-2
2.9
5,9
1,2
2,5
0.8
2,9
2.1
7.0
3.0
4,2
2.1
3.0
2.1
2,9
2.1
2.5
3-4
0.0
0,8
2.1
0.0
0.4
2.1
0.0
4.6
0,8
2.9
3.8
0.4
0.0
0,4
0,0
0.4
5-6
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,.0
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.4
0,4
0,0
0.0
0.0
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
July:
0700 (248 obs):
1-2
6,1
6.9
1.2
1.6
0.0
4,7
4.4
5.6
2.8
2.8
3.2
5,7
4,0
9.7
6.5
6.1
3-4
0.4
0,8
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.8
0.4
0,4
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0,.0
0.4
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1300 (246 obs):
1-2
2.9
2.4
3,3
2.4
2.8
1.6
0.4
1.7
2.9
2.0
7.8
9,4
4,1
5.7
3,7
6,5
3-4
0.4
1.2
1.6
1,7
2.1
0.8
0,4
1.2
0,8
3.3
2.0
8.5
2.4
1.2
3.2
2.4
5-6
0.0
0.4
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,4
0.4
0,4
0.8
0,0
0.8
0.0
0,4
0,0
0.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (248 obs):
1-2
4.5
6.1
2.8
2,0
3.2
2.9
1.4
3.2
1.2
3.6
3.2
7,7
6.1
4.9
3.6
4.0
3-4
0.0
0.8
0.4
2.0
1.2
1.6
0.0
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.4
1,6
1.6
0.4
0.0
5-6
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,4
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
.0,0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
October:
0700 (248 obs):
1-2
2,8
4.1
1,2
2.0
0.4
2.0
5,7
6.5
3,2
3.6
2.5
3,5
3.6
10.1
4,4
0,4
3-4
0.4
0.8
0,0
0.0
0.8
0.4
0.8
3.2
0.8
4.1
4.4
2.0
0.0
2.8
1,2
1.2
5-6
0,0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.4
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
1300 (248 obs):
1-2
2.4
2.0
2.0
0.8
0.4
1.2
2,0
2.8
2,4
4,4
7.7
11,7
3.3
4.9
4.4
2.8
3-4
0.4
1,2
0.8
0.8
0.0
2.0
0.4
4,5
1.6
5.7
2.4
5.7
1.8
2.4
3.7
2.0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0?0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.6
2.4
0.0
0.8
0,0
0.4
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
2100 (248 obs):
1-2
2.8
2.4
1.2
0.4
0.8
1,2
0,8
8.5
2.8
4.1
2,4
4.5
4.1
6,9
2.8
1.6
3-4
1.2
0.8
1.2
2.4
0.4
1.2
0.3
2.0
2.0
2,8
3.7
1.6
1.6
0.4
0,4
2.0
5-6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
1.2
> 7
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
January:
0700
(310 obs):
1-
2
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.3
8.7
2.9
12.7
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.3
3-
4
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
7.4
3.9
18.8
3.9
0.9
0.6
1.6
0.0
5-
6
0.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.6
4.2
1,6
4,1
1,3
0.0
0.7
1.0
0,3
7
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0,3
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
1300
(310 obs):
1-
2
0,3
0.3
1,0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0,0
1.0
8.1
4.5
15,5
1.3
1.0
0.0
0,3
0.3
3-
4
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0,0
2,5
6.8
5,5
13.2
6.8
2.3
0,6
1.0
0.7
5-
6
0.3
0,3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.6
1.9
4.3
0.6
0.3
1.3
0.6
0.0
7
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,6
0.0
0,0
0,7
0.0
0.0
210
0 (310 obs):
1-
2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0,3
5.5
4,5
15.2
2.2
1,7
0,0
0.7
0.3
3-
4
1.3
0.3
0,7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.7
8,4
4.2
15.5
2.6
1.9
1,3
1.3
0.3
5
?6
0.6
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
2.3
2.0
3.2
1,0
0.3
0.3
0,3
0.0
>
7
0.4
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,3
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
April:
0700 (300 obs):
1-2
0,7
1.3
0.3
0.7
1.4
0.3
0.0
2,0
3.7
4.0
15.6
1.6
0.7
0.3
1.0
1.0
3-4
2.9
1.4
1,7
1,3
1.6
1.4
0.0
1.7
4.6
2.3
11.4
4.1
2,0
1.3
1.0
0.7
5-6
0.7
1,3
0,3
0,0
1,0
0,0
0.3 '
0.0
0.4
0.0
1,0
1.0
1,0
0.4
0.3
0,3
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0,4
0.0
1300 (300 obs):
1-2
3.3
0,7
0.6
1.3
0.3
0.7
0.3
1,0
3.4
3,4
10.0
0,4
13
0.7
0.3
0.6
3-4
2.7
1.6
2,4
0.3
2.7
1.7
2.0
1,0
3,.6
5.0
9.6
3,3
4.0
2.0
2.4
1.7
5-6
1.4
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.3
0,3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0,7
3.0
0.6
2.0
0.7
0.3
0.0
7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.3
0,3
0.0
0,0
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
1,4
1.1
1.7
0.7
1.3
0.7
1,0
1.6
4.0
2.6
9,3
2.4
1.6
1.3
0.0
1.0
3-4
2,9
1.0
1.0
1,3
1.7
1,0
0,7
1.7
2.9
2.7
5.0
2.0
2,0
1.4
1.0
1,4
5-6
0,7
0.6
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.4
1,0
1,0
0.3
1.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
7
0,3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.4
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-35
July:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
2.9
1.9
1.3
0,0
1.9
1.0
1.0
0.7
3.9
0.9
10.6
1.0
1.9
0.6
1.7
1.9
3-4
8.4
3.8
6.2
2.3
0.7
0.6
0.3
1.6
1.9
2,6
7.5
1.2
2.9
1.3
3,5
1.3
5-6
2.6
4.9
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
7
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
4.2
2.2
1.6
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.3
1.0
1.7
1.9
5.3
0.7
3.2
0.6
1.9
1.9
3-4
9.3
5.5
3.6
0.6
3.9
1.0
0.7
1.3
1.6
2.0
5.4
2.9
2.6
1.6
2.0
3.9
5-6
3.9
4.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.6
2.9
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
> 7
0.7
1.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
6.1
2.2
3.3
3.8
1,9
0.7
1,0
1.9
4.5
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.9
0.3
1.9
1.9
3-4
6.4
3.5
4.2
1.9
1,0
0,3
0.3
1.3
2.2
1.3
1.6
2.9
2.6
0.0
3.3
2.0
5-6
3.2
2,7
1.9
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
1.3
7
0.7
1.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
October:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
1.0
0.0
1.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
2.5
7.4
4.8
16.5
2,3
1.3
0.0
0.7
0.3
3-4
0.6
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0,6
1.7
9.7
6,5
13,5
7.1
2.9
1.0
1.6
1.0
5-6
0.7
0.6
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.3
1.0
1.6
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
-> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0,3
1.3
5.5
5.5
10.4
3.5
1.0
0.3
1.6
1,0
3-4
1.0
1.0
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.0
0..3
1,3
5.8
5.2
20.3
6.8
3.8
1.0
2.0
0.9
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
2.6
0.6
2.9
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0,0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
1.6
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,4
1.3
3.9
2.9
17.7
1.6
0.9
0.0
0.6
0.7
3-4
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
5.2
2,3
14.9
2.9
3.0
1.3
2.3
0.3
5-6
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
4.2
0.3
2.9
1.3
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.0
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
January:
0700 (307 obs):
1-2
1.0
1.0
2.3
0.6
1.6
0.7
4.5
0,3
2.3
1.0
3.6
1.6
4.9
1.6
3.9
1,4
3-4
2.6
1.6
3.6
1.0
2.6
1.0
3.9
2.6
2.9
3.6
2.3
4.9
4.5
3.6
4.6
1.4
5-6
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.6
4.6
1.9
2:6
0.0
0.2
7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (308 obs):
1-2
1.0
0.7
1.9
1.9
1.3
1.0
2.0
1.9
2.3
0.0
1.3
1,9
1.6
1.0
1.9
1.0
3-4
2.3
2.3
3.3
1.4
2.9
2.6
4.5
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.6
7,2
7.8
3.9
3.3
1,:9
5-6
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.6
1.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
1.3
1.3
0.9
4.2
1.3
3.9
0.0
1.3
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
1.9
0.6
3.2
1,9
1.3
1.0
3.9
1.9
1.3
1.0
2.0
0.6
3.9
1,6
3.2
0.6
3-4
1.0
2.6
2.2
1.0
2.9
1.9
4.5
3.9
3.2
1.6
4.1
3.9
5.5
4,9
2.3
2.0
5-6
0.0
0.7
1.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.3
2.3
3.9
3.2
1.9
2.2
0.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
April:
0700 (300 obs):
1-2
0.7
2.0
5.0
1.4
3.0
2.0
5,3
1.3
3,3
1.0
2.0
1.7
3,4
1.0
3.0
0.7
3-4
3.0
2.3
2.7
2.3
5.6
4.6
8.0
2.4
4.0
1.3
3.0
2.3
2.7
3.3
4.3
1.0
5-6
0.6
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,6
0.7
0,4
0.3
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (300 obs):
1-2
1.0
0.3
1.7
0.6
1.7
0.3
2.7
1.3
1.0
1.3
0.7
0.0
2.1
1.0
2,0
0.0
3-4
3.4
2.0
2.3
1,7
5.0
3.7
7.0
1.7
5.0
3,0
1.6
4.0
4,3
3.6
2.3
3.0
5-6
1.3
0.7
0.3
2.0
3.3
3.0
3.0
2.7
0.7
2.4
1.7
2.0
1.6
0.7
0.0
1.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
3,3
1.3
3.0
1.7
4.0
1.0
3.3
1.3
3,0
1.0
4.0
2.1
3.3
1.3
2.0
1.0
3-4
4.0
2.4
2.3
2.6
8.7
4.0
4,0
4.0
3.3
2.7
1.0
2.6
2.3
4.0
2.0
3.0
5-6
0.4
0.0
1,0
1.0
3.0
1.0
0.7
0,0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.4
0.7
0.7
> 7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
July :
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
3.2
1,6
7.1
4.2
5.2
4.2
5.8
1,6
3.5
2.2
2.9
2.9
3.5
3.5
2.3
1.6
3-4
1.6
5.2
4.9
3.9
2.6
0.3
1.6
1,0
1.0
1.0
2.9
1,9
3.6
4.2
4.8
2.6
5-6
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
z 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
0,3
1.6
2.9
1.6
3.5
3.2
3.2
1.3
0.3
1.6
1,9
2.3
1,0
1.6
2.2
0.3
3-4
2,9
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.6
4.2
2.6
1.6
1,9
3.2
2.6
3.9
8.4
7.1
5.2
2.6
5 -6
0.7
0.3
0.3
0,7
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.3
1.0
1.0
1,0
1,9
1,9
1.3
0.7
0.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
2.9
3.9
4.8
1.9
2.9
2.6
3.9
1.9
1.0
1.9
2.6
1,3
6.5
4.5
3.9
1.6
3-4
4.9
6.8
7.8
1.3
1.9
0.6
Ot3
1.3
0.3
0.7
2,2
2.3
5.1
5.2
6.1
3.2
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-36
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
October:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
1.6
2,3
2.9
1.3
2,9
2.3
4.2
1.6
3.8
1.9
4.5
3,5
5.1
2.9
1.6
0,3
3-4
1.0
2.2
2.9
0.6
4.2
2.5
4.2
2.3
3,6
0.7
4.8
1.9
4,2
5.8
4.8
2,6
5-6
0,3
0,0
0.3
0,7
1,0
0.7
0,3
0,3
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.4
1.0
1.0
0.4
0,3
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
0.6
0,7
2.3
1,3
0.6
0,3
2.6
1.0
1.3
0.3
2.0
1.3
3.2
0,7
1.6
0,9
3-4
3.3
0,6
1.9
0,7
5,8
2.9
4.2
2.3
5.5
3,6
6.8
5,1
5.5
4.5
5.2
1.4
5-6
0.6
0,3
0.6
1,6
1,0
2,3
1.6
0.9
0.3
1,6
1.6
1,3
2,9
1.9
0.9
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
03
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
1,6
1.3
1.9
1,7
3.2
1.6
2.3
1.3
4.2
0,6
4,1
0.7
9,1
1.3
1.6
1,3
3-4
2.6
0.9
1.6
0,9
4.9
2.9
5.5
1,0
3.6
2.9
4.9
4,8
5.5
2.6
4.5
2.6
5-6
0,3
0.0
0.7
0.9
2.2
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.3
0,0
1.0
1.6
0.6
0.3
0.7
0
0
-> 7
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0,0
January:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
2.7
0.3
0.6
1.3
0.6
1.0
4,5
7.8
5.8
1.3
3.5
0,6
1.3
0.0
0.3
1.0
3-4
0,9
0.0
2.6
1,3
2,6
2.2
3.9
5,1
12,0
5.2
3.9
3.3
1.9
1,0
0.7
0.6
5-6
0.3
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.3
0,0
0,6
1,7
0.3
0.0
0,0
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,3
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
2.2
0.7
0.3
0.9
2.6
2.2
3,9
5.5
4.5
1,2
1.0
1.9
1.6
0.6
1.0
1.0
3-4
1,3
0,0
0,6
1.7
1?9
3.3
4.2
10.1
10,1
5.9
1,9
2.3
4,2
1,1
0.0
0,6
5-6
0,0
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.6
0,6
0.3
1.6
1,0
0.6
0.6
2.3
0,9
0,9
0.0
7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
2100 (309 obs):
1-2
0.6
0,3
1.0
1,4
1.6
1.3
2..6
6.5
8,1
1.6
2.,3
1,3
0,9
0.6
0.7
0.3
3-4
1.3
0,3
0.6
0.9
1.3
1.9
3,3
5.5
9.4
5.6
2.9
2.0
3.0
0.3
0.3
1,0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
1.0
0,0
0.3
0.9
1,9
0,7
0.6
0,0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
April:
0700 (300 obs):
1-2
1,0
0,3
1.3
1.6
0,7
2,0
4,7
6,0
2,3
1,0
2.7
1.0
2,0
1,0
1.0
0,3
3-4
3,0
4.7
2.7
5,4
1.3
4.0
5.3
5.0
2.7
1.7
2.3
1.3
4.0
2,7
2.0
2.1
5-6
2.3
1.0
1,3
0.3
0,3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,7
0,0
0.0
0.3
0,3
0.3
0,0
1,3
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
OPO
1300 (300 obs):
1-2
2.4
1.0
0.6
1,7
0.7
2.3
2.3
4.0
1.6
1.0
2.0
0.7
1.0
0,0
2.3
2,3
3-4
3,0
1.3
4.7
2.3
1,3
4.1
3.1
5.0
6.4
2,7
4.7
1.0
3,0
2.6
4.3
4.0
5-6
1,6
1.7
1.7
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
1.3
0.3
1,0
0.3
0.0
1,0
0.7
1,7
1.7
7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.7
0.0
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
2,4
1.0
2.7
2.4
0,7
1.7
4.6
4,3
4.6
0.3
1,0
0.7
2.0
1.0
2.7
3.1
3-4
3.9
3.0
7.3
3.3
1.3
2.3
2.7
4.7
3.4
1.4
2.0
1.6
2,0
2.4
3.0
1.6
5-6
0.7 ?
0.7
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
7
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.0
0
0
July:
0700 (310 obs):
.
1-2
2.9
2.9
1.9
1.3
1.9
2.0
8.4
5.2
2.9
0.3
1.3
1.0
0,9
2.2
2,6
1.6
3-4
7,3
3.5
3,2
0.6
2.3
2.5
3.2
3.2
3.9
0.3
2.9
1.6
2.0
3.3
5.2
1,3
5-6
2?2
1.0
2,3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
1.6
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.3
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
1.6
0,6
2.0
1.3
0,6
1.3
3,6
1.9
0.9
1,0
1,6
1,6
2.3
0.9
3.5
1.6
3-4
4.3
4.2
1.9
1.6
3.6
1.0
3.5
3.9
5.9
1.3
3.9
1.3
1.,6
1,9
9.1
5
5
5-6
1,9
1,0
0,3
0.6
'0.6
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.9
2,4
2
3
.
1
3
>= 7
0.3
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0,9
,
0,3
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
6.2
5.8
5.4
1.3
4,2
4.9
2.3
1,0
2.0
2.3
0,6
0.6
0,3
1.6
3.2
6.4
3-4
5,5
4.2
3.9
1.3
2.9
1.9
.0.9
0.6
0,9
0.6
1.7
1.0
1,0
2.3
3.9
3.9
5-6
0.6
0.3
1.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.3
1,3
2.3
1,3
7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0
0
October:
0700 (310 obs):
.
1-2
4.6
1.9
1.0
1,2
0.3
2,3
2.9
4.5
3.2
0.9
1.6
1.,6
2.6
0.9
1,3
2.0
3-4
1,3
2,3
2,9
1.3
2.3
0,3
4.8
8,8
9.7
4.9
4.2
1.9
2,6
2,0
0.6
1
3
5-6
0,3
0,6
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
0,6
0,3
1.0
0.0
1,6
0.0
1,0
.
0.3
7
0,3
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
3.2
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.7
1.3
1.6
2,3
1,9
2.9
1.0
0,3
1.7
1.6
0,7
1.3
3-4
4.6
1.0
2.3
1.0
0.3
1,6
4.9
7.1
11,6
6.,5
4,5
3,5
3.5
1.3
2,2
1.9
5-6
0,6
1,3
0,3
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0,6
1,0
0,9
0.6
0.7
2.2
0,3
0.3
1
0
7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
,
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
2.9
1.0
1,9
1.0
0.7
1.3
2.3
5.8
6,5
0.6
3,9
0.3
0.7
0.0
2.6
1
0
3-4
2.2
1,0
2.0
1.3
0,6
0.7
1.9
3.9
11.6
3.6
5.8
0.3
1.9
0.3
1.6
.
1
3
5-6
0,7
0.6
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0,3
1.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0,0
0
3
.
0
0
'= 7
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0,3
.
0,0
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER Page V-37
January;
0700 (278 obs):
1-2
5.4
1,1
1.8
1.8
4.3
2.8
9.0
2.5
8.6
3,3
4.7
3,6
3.1
1 5
6.5
1.4
3-4
1.1
0.3
1.4
0.7
0.7
1.8
2.2
0.7
4.0
2,5
2.9
2.1
0.7
0.3
2.9
1.1
5-6
0,.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (279 obs):
1-2
6.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.8
5.8
5.4
4.3
12.5
6.5
3.2
1 4
3.6
2.5
4.3
5,0
3-4
2.1
1,1
0.7
0.0
0.7
1,0
3.3
0.7
3.3
1.0
2.2
1.5
3.6
1.4
1.4
1.1
5-6
0..0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0:.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (279 obs):
1-2
4.7
1,4
2,2
0.7
2.5
3.2
7.2
3.2
10,4
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.1
1.4
3.6
4.3
3-4
1.8
1,1
0.7
0.0
1.8
1.0
2.9
0.7
3.6
4.7
1.8
2.9
2.5
1,5
2.9
2.2
5-6
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.0
0 4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 0
0.0
April:
0700 (270 obs):
1-2
6,3
1.5
3.7
3.0
4.1
63
2.9
1.5
12.2
3.7
4.4
2.2
4..5
3.5
3.7
4.8
3-4
1.,5
0.0
1.1
0 3
2,2
0.7
0.4
1.1
0,8
0.7
1,5
0.4
2.9
1.5
2.6
1.9
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0..0
0.4
0.3
47
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (270 obs):
1-2
4 5
1.1
3.0
2.6
7.7
2.6
2.9
3.3
8.9
2.6
4.1
1.1
1.9
2.6
4.4
3.7
3 -4
1,1
1.1
1.1
1.5
3 0
1.5
2.3
1.5
1,9
4..8
4.0
0,.8
4.1
0.3
1,9
3.3
5-6
1,1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.7
1,1
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.0
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0..0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.4
0.0
2100 (270 obs):
1-2
3.7
1 1
4,5
1.1
5.2
3.4
1.8
5 5
8,9
3.0
4.8
3.7
1,8
3.0
3,3
2.9
3-4
1.5
1.1
0 0
1.1
1.8
1.1
1.5
0.8
1.5
2.2
0,4
1.1
1,5
0.7
1.5
1.5
5-6
0.0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,7
0.4
0,0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
> 7
0.0
,
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,4
0.0
0.0
0.0
July:
0700 (279 obs):
1-2
7.3
3.2
4.6
2.9
5.0
2.2
3.9
L1
6.8
5.0
1.8
2.1
6.8
3..6
5.7
-7.5
3-4
1.4
0.4
1 8
0.3
0.7
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.4
1.1
1,1
1.1
2.5
1.1
1.1
1..8
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (279 obs):
1-2
2.9
2,9
2.5
1.8
3.2
2.2
1.8
1.4
3.6
4.3
2.5
2.2
3 2
0.7
5.0
4.6
3-4
2,8
2.5
2 5
0.,0
1.8
1.4
2.8
1.8
3.3
8.2
3.2
3..6
5,8
3.9
3:6
2.6
5-6
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.4
0 0
0.7
0 0
0,0
0.4
0.0
> 7
,
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (279 obs):
1-2
1.4
0.7
0,3
0.7
2,1
1.1
0.3
0.0
2,9
0,7
2.5
1.4
1.5
1.1
2,5
4,6
3-4
4.7
1.5
2,2
2.8
1.8
1.8
1,,5
1.1
4.3
5.0
3.5
1.5
3,2
2,2
5.7
4.0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.7
0 4
0.7
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,3
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.,7
0 7
0,0
0 0
' 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0:0
0.0
0.0
0 0
October:
0700 (279 obs):
1-2
2,.8
2.8
1.8
1.5
4..6
3,6
2,5
2.2
10.8
6,0
5.4
3.6
8.6
1.4
5..4
3.6
3-4
0.7
1.1
0.0
0.7
0,0
1.4
1.1
03
2.8
2..6
2.9
2..2
1,4
0.4
0.7
2.2
5-6
0.0
0,0
0.4
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.3
> 7
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0..0
0.0
0.0
1300 (278 obs):
1-2
2.5
2.9
1.4
1.1
2.9
2.2
3,2
2.5
7.2
4.3
4.6
4.0
6.5
1.5
2.1
3.2
3-4
2.5
0.7
0.4
0.3
1.1
1.4
1.8
0.7
3.9
7.3
2.9
3.6
4.3
2.9
3,3
1,8
5-6
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
47
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (279 obs):
1-2
3.6
1,8
0.7
0.0
2.5
0.7
3.6
2.9
5.0
7,5
5.7
2.5
5.4
1.1
3.2
1.4
3-4
2.5
0.0
0.4
0.3
1.1
1.5
2.1
2.2
2.5
3.9
4.3
3,2
2.5
3.6
2.5
2.5
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
1.1
0.7
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.4
>- 7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
January:
0700 (296 obs):
1-2
2.4
2.7
3.8
1.7
2.0
0,7
0.6
1,0
0,6
0,6
1,0
1.4
1.0
2,7
1,0
1,3
3-4
4..1
4.1
2.7
2.8
2,1
1.7
1.0
1.0
0.3
1,7
0,6
3.1
3,4
2.7
4.0
2.1
5-6
0.3
4.7
2.7
2.4
2.4
1.0
0,3
1.4
0,3
0.6
1.4
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.6
2.3
_> 7
0,3
0,3
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,6
0.3
0.3
1300 (281 obs):
1-2
2.8
4.6
3.9
0.8
1.1
0,8
1.1
0.8
0.0
1.5
1.5
1,4
2.8
1.8
2.9
1.8
3-4
3.9
3.6
2.1
2.1
4.3
4.3
0.8
2.5
0.8
2.1
1.4
1.4
3.6
2.2
2.9
2.5
5-6
2,2
2.5
1.8
1.4
1,1
0,0
1.1
0.0
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.0
1,4
0.7
3.9
4 7
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.4
1.1
0.0
0.7
0.0
0,4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.4
2100 (287 obs):
1-2
2.7
3.1
4.1
0.6
1.3
1.4
1.7
0.7
0,6
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.7
1.3
2.0
1.3
3-4
3.8
4,5
2.7
0.7
2.4
3,5
1.0
0.7
1.7
0,7
2.7
1.3
2.4
3.8
2.0
3.1
5-6
1.0
3.4
2.1
1,7
2.0
1.4
1.0
0.7
0,7
0.3
0.7
1.0
0.3
1.3
0,6
1,3
7
0.3
0,0
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Page V-38 JANIS 40 Li
April:
0700 (297 obs):
1-2
2,0
1.7
1.0
0.6
1.0
1.3
3.3
3.0
0.4
1.0
1.7
0,6
1,0
2,0
3.4
1.6
3-4
CO
2.7
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
3.4
1.3
0.3
0.3
3.7
2,7
4.4
5-6
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.3
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.0
2.0
0,7
0.0
0.7
1.0
1,0
1.0
> 7
0.0
0.3
0.3
0,0
1.0
0,3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.6
0.6
1300 (282 obs):
1-2
1.1
0,8
0.8
0.7
2.1
3,9
2.1
4.2
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0,0
0,0
1.4
3-4
2.8
2.5
1.5
1.1
2.5
3.2
5.3
14,2
5.3
2,8
1.4
0.0
1,4
1,8
1.0
2.8
5-6
0.3
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.7
0.0
0.6
8.9
1.8
0.3
0.3
0,3
1,0
1.3
1,3
2.5
7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.0
0.3
2100 (289 obs):
1-2
2.4
2.4
1.0
0.7
0.6
2.0
1.7
2,4
3.8
1.0
0.7
1.7
0,7
1.0
2.1
0,3
3-4
2,0
4.2
2.0
2.1
2.1
0.3
3,1
6,6
5.2
5,6
6.6
1.4
1.0
0.6
1.7
2.4
5-6
1.0
1,4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
2.0
3.1
2.1
0.0
0,6
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.0
_' 7
0,3
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
July:
0700 (306 obs):
1-2
3.6
4.2
2.0
1.4
1,7
1,3
1.0
1.7
1.4
0.7
2.0
0.7
2.3
3.6
5.5
4.2
3-4
5.2
3.6
5.2
1,0
0,3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0,0.
2.0
0.7
1.3
2.0
3,9
6.8
5,3
5-6
006
0,3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.9
2.0
>= 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,3
0,0
0.3
0.3
1300 (286 obs):
1-2
1.4
1.4
1.3
1,0
2.8
2.8
s.8
4.5
2.8
1.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.3
1.4
3-4
3.1
2.4
1.7
0,3
0.6
1,7
5.2
11.5
3.1
1,7
0.3
0,7
1.0
1.7
2,4
3.8
5-6
2.7
1.7
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.7
5.2
1.3
2,1
0.7
0.0
0.3
2.0
0.7
2.4
>- 7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.6
2100 (289 obs):
1-2
2.4
1.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
1,7
3.1
2.8
2,4
2.7
3.5
1,7
2.1
3.5
1.7
3-4
2.4
3.1
5,8
0.3
0,6
0.3
1.7
4.5
4.2
4.5
6,3
1,7
3,1
4,1
2,4
3.1
5-6
1,0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,3
0,0
0,0
0.3
0.7
1.4
0.3
0.7
1.7
2.1
1.4
7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,3
0.0
0,0
October:
0700 (305 obs):
1-2
2.6
0.7
0.7
0,6
1.3
1,7
1.6
1.4
1.9
1.6
3.0
1.6
0,3
1,9
1.6
1,7
3-4
2.6
3.6
4.2
2.0
2.3
2.6
0.3
3,9
1.3
3.9
4.3
1.3
1.6
2,9
4.0
2.3
5-6
1.3
2.0
2.3
1.7
0.7
0.6
0.3
1,7
0,9
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.3
1.3
1,3
1,0
> 7
1,0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.6
1300 (303 obs):
1-2
1,6
1,0
2.3
1,0
1.6
3,3
2,0
2,3
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.6
2.0
3-4
2,0
2.3
1.4
2.3
5.6
3.3
3,3
4.9
3,0
2.7
2.3
2.4
1.0
1.7
2.7
2.0
5-6
1.0
1.6
1.0
1.3
2.0
0.3
1,3
6,0
1.7
1.7
2.0
0.7
1.0
0.6
1,0
2.3
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.7
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,3
1.0
2100 (301 obs):
1-2
0.6
0,7
1,7
0,7
1.3
1.3
4.0
1.3
4.0
3,3
2.3
0.6
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
3-4
2,4
2,3
3,0
2,4
1.3
2,4
2.0
4.6
4,4
4,3
3.4
2.0
1,3
3,0
1.0
3.0
5-6
1.0
2,7
1.4
0.7
1,0
0.7
0.7
0.7
2.3
1.3
1.3
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
> 7
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.,3
0,.3
January:
0900 (266 obs):
1-2
4,6
0.0
2,7
1.5
6.7
2.3
4.9
1.9
6.4
0.4
3.7
3,8
3.4
1.2
3.0
1.5
3-4
1,2
1.1
0.8
1.5
7.2
4.1
4.9
1.1
1.1
0.8
2,7
3.4
4.9
0.4
1,5
0.8
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.4
1.5
0.4
0.8
0.4
0,8
1,2
1.2
0.8
1.2
0.8
0,0
0,0
' 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
1500 (253 obs):
1-2
2,0
1.6
1.2
2,0-
1.6
3.6
4,4
4.8
4.0
1.6
2,4
2.0
5.9
0.8
1.6
4.7
3-4
1.6
0.8
1,2
0.4
6.0
4.8
5.2
2.8
1.2
1.6
2.4
1,6
5,5
0,8
2,0
0.8
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.4
1,2
3.2
1.6
0,8
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.4
2.4
2.0
1.2
0.8
0.0
7
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.4
0,0
0,4
0.0
0.4
0,0
0.0
0.0
2100 (286 obs):
1-2
4.2
1.0
4.1
2.0
6.3
2.4
7.0
4.2
5.6
1.7
1,4
1.4
6..9
1.3
2,1
3.8
3-4
0.7
0,7
0,3
0.3
5,9
5.2
3.1
0.6
1.0
1.4
1,3
1.3
4,5
0,6
1,7
1,0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,0
2.0
0.7
1.4
0.7
0,0
0.3
1.0
0.6
1.3
1,0
0.3
0.0
>- 7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0,3
0,0
0.0
0.0
April:
0900 (256 obs):
1-2
4.7
2.8
7.0
4,3
4.7
2.3
0,8
1.2
3.1
0.8
1,2
0.8
4.3
2.0
3,5
2.0
3-4
0.8
0.0
1,2
0.4
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.7
4.7
2,0
2.7
1.2
4.0
4.3
3.9
0.8
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
2.8
2.7
0.4
0,8
0.8
0.0
1.2
2.0
0.0
0.8
0.4
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0,4
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1500 (245 obs):
1-2
3.7
2.0
2.4
3.7
5,3
3.3
0,4
1.6
2.8
0,8
1.6
0,8
3.6
0.8
5,7
2.0
3-4
0.8
1,2
0.0
0.8
4.1
1.6
4:5
2.8
1.6
3,2
2.8
3.2
3.6
4,1
3.7
1.2
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
1,6
1.6
1.2
1.2
0.4
0.4
2.0
2.8
1.6
0,8
0,4
7
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0,0
0.0
0.0
2100 (257 obs):
1-2
6.1
3.5
1.6
2.7
6,2
2.4
3,5
1.6
3.2
1.2
1.2
2,4
5,8
2.4
7.0
2.7
3-4
1.6
0.0
0.8
0.4
3.2
2.4
4.3
0,8
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.6
4.7
0,4
3,1
0.4
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
2.0
2.4
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
> 7
0,0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
I -_:-I Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-39
July:
0900 (258 obs):
1-2
5.8
5.5
3.9
0.4
5.1
2.3
1.6
2.0
1.2
0.8
2.3
3.1
8.1
2.3
7.0
3.1
3 -4
2.0
0.4
0.8
1.6
0.0
0.8
2.4
2.0
2.7
0.8
1.2
5.1
5.4
2.0
3.5
2.0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.2
1.2
0.4
0.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1500 (235 obs):
1-2
6.9
3.8
3.9
1.8
4.3
1.3
2.6
0.4
3.0
0.9
1.7
1.3
5.6
1.7
8.1
1.3
3-4
1.7
0.9
1.3
0.0
0.9
0.0
2.5
0.8
3.0
1.7
2.6
4.3
7.6
2.1
6,4
3.8
5-6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.3
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.3
1.3
0.4
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0,0
0.0
2100 (210 obs):
1-2
10.0
4.8
3.9
2.0
3.8
2.4
2.4
1.0
1.9
1.5
4.8
3.4
16.2
5.3
10.4
4,3
3-4
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.4
7.2
1.9
2.9
1.4
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
1
0
0.0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
> 7
.
.
.
.
.
.
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
October:
0900 (246 obs):
1-2
2.4
0.8
2.4
2.4
1.6
2.4
6.5
2.4
5.3
1.6
5.3
2.4
4.0
2.4
0.8
2.4
3-4
0.8
0.4
1.6
0.4
3.6
2.4
3.2
0.8
3.3
2.0
6.1
5.7
5.7
2,0
1.6
0.4
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
2
1
2
1
6
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.4
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
,
0.0
1500 (230 obs):
1-2
1.3
1.3
1.7
2.6
2.6
1.7
4.3
1.7
3.5
1.7
3.0
2.1
5.2
0.8
2.2
1.8
3-4
0.4
0,4
1.8
1.7
1.7
0.9
3.4
3.0
3.9
4.4
1.7
2.6
10.0
1.8
2.6
0.8
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.9
2.2
0.0
1.7
0.0
3.5
3.9
1.7
0.4
0.4
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (225 obs):
1-2
3.1
0.9
4.9
1.3
5,8
3.6
7.1
2.7
5.3
4.5
5.8
2.7
7.1
3.5
5.8
1.7
3-4
0.9
0.0
0.9
0.4
2.2
1.8
3.6
1.3
2.2
1.3
3.1
3.1
4,9
0.0
0.8
0.0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
0,4
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.3
0.4
0.4
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
January:
0900 (263 obs):
1-2
0.4
0.8
1,2
3,.4
2.3
2.3
0.8
3.0
1.6
1.9
2.7
2.3
1.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
3-4
0.0
0.4
1.9
1.5
3.0
4.2
6.0
8.7
6.4
6.4
4.6
3.8
2.7
0.8
0.4
0.0
5-6
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.9
1.5
6.0
2.7
3.1
0
4
0
4
0
8
1
9
0
4
1
2
> 7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.1
0.0
.
0.4
.
0.0
.
0.4
.
0,4
.
0.0
.
0.4
1500 (245 obs):
1-2
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.4
2.4
1.2
2.4
2.4
3.2
0.4
2.0
2.0
0.8
1.2
0.0
0.4
3-4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.8
2.4
6.1
5.8
6.5
5.3
7.7
4.9
5.3
1.2
1.2
0.8
0.4
5-6
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.8
6.1
0
4
6.5
1
6
0
8
1
6
1
6
0
8
0
4
> 7
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
.
0.0
0.4
.
0.4
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.4
.
0.8
.
0.4
2100 (258 obs):
1-2
0.4
0.0
1.6
2.0
2.0
0.8
1.6
2.0
2.3
1.2
1.6
2.0
0.8
0.4
0.4
0,0
3-4
1.6
1.2
0.8
0,8
1.6
4.6
5.9
9.7
11.2
5.0
5.4
3.1
3.1
0.8
0.0
0.0
5-6
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.4
1.2
2.7
3.9
3.1
4.7
1.6
1.2
1
6
0.8
0.0
0
0
' 7
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.4
,
0.0
0.0
1.6
.
0.4
April:
0900 (244 obs):
1-2
1.2
3.7
0.8
1.6
0.4
2.4
4.5
4.1
2.8
1 2
2,9
1.6
0.4
0.4
2.0
0.4
3-4
2,8
2.8
1.2
1.2
1.6
7.0
3.7
5.4
1.2
4.1
2.9
2.4
2.8
1.6
2.0
2.8
5-6
1,2
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
1.6
1.2
1.6
0.4
3.2
1.6
0.8
0.8
3.6
1.6
2.4
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.8
1500 (244 obs):
1-2
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
2.4
2.8
0.8
1.6
0.4
0.4
0.0
2.4
1.2
3-4
3.7
2.8
0.8
3.6
1.2
2.0
4.5
4.9
1.2
4.5
3.7
1.6
0.8
2.4
3.2
6.6
5-6
2.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
2.5
1.2
1.6
0.4
3.7
2.0
4.1
0.4
2.9
3.3
6.1
>- 7
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
2.4
0.4
2100 (228 obs):
1-2
2.2
3.1
2.7
1.7
0.8
2.2
3.1
2.2
1.7
0.4
1.8
0.9
0,0
1.3
2.2
3.5
3-4
6.6
1.7
2.2
1.3
2.6
4.4
4.8
3.5
1.3
3.5
3.5
2.7
2,2
2.2
4.0
3.9
5-6
1.7
1.3
0.4
0.4
0.0
1.3
1.3
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.4
1.8
0
8
0
4
2
6
1
8
> 7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.4
.
1.1
.
0.4
July:
0900 (249 obs):
1-2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.4
1.2
6.4
1.6
1.6
4.4
2.4
3.6
2.0
2.0
5.2
2.4
3-4
2.8
1.6
1.6
0.4
1.2
4.4
3.6
3.2
3.6
3.6
4.0
4.4
2,0
6.0
3.2
2.8
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0,0
0.4
0.0
0.8
1.6
1.6
0.8
0.8
1.2
1.6
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1500 (227 obs):
1-2
2.2
2.2
1.3
0.8
0.0
0.9
1.3
1,3
0.0
3.0
2.2
1.3
1.3
2,2
0.4
3.5
3-4
5.7
1.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.8
3.1
5.3
1.8
2.2
3.5
4.4
3.5
2.7
7.0
8.4
5-6
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.4
0.0
1.3
0.9
2.2
0.4
1.3
1.3
2.7
3.5
' 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.9
2100 (238 obs):
1-2
5.9
4.7
2.9
3.0
2.1
0.4
1.7
2.1
1,6
1.2
2.5
2.6
3.8
1.7
3.3
4.2
3-4
3.8
2.5
2.5
1.6
2.6
0.8
3.0
2.9
0.4
1.7
3.3
5.0
2.1
0.8
5.0
6.9
5-6
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
2.1
0.4
1.3
4.2
0.4
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-40
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW CALM
RIGA (Continued)
October:
0900 (234 obs):
1-2
0,4
1.3
0.9
2.6
0.4
0,8
2.1
1.3
4,3
2,2
3.0
2,2
0.4
0,8
0,4
0,4
3-4
1.3
1,3
1.7
2.5
1,7
2.6
4.7
7.6
4.2
6,0
7,3
8.5
1,3
0,9
0,9
0.4
5-6
0.9
0.4
0.0
0,4
0,0
1.3
0.4
3,0
0,9
5.9
2.6
0,9
0..0
0.4
2.2
0.4
> 7
0.4
0.0
0.0
0,4
0.4
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.4
0,4
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.0
1500 (229 obs):
1-2
0.0
2,2
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.3
0.8
0,8
1.3
2,2
1.8
0,9
0.9
0,9
0,8
0,9
3-4
0.8
0.8
3.0
1.3
2.2
1.8
1.7
7.4
3.5
6,2
5,6
5.2
2.2
1.7
0.8
3.1
5-6
0,0
0.4
0,4
0.4
0.4
0.4
2.6
3.5
1,7
3.9
2.6
4.4
0,9
2,2
1.7
2.1
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.4
0.4
1.3
0.4
0,0
0,0
0.8
0.4
0.4
2100 (228 obs):
1-2
1,3
0.4
1.7
1.3
2,7
0,4
0,8
3.1
1.3
3.1
1.8
2,2
0.0
0,4
0.9
0.8
3-4
0.4
0,4
1.3
3.1
2,2
2.7
4.4
7,0
83
7.9
8.3
6.6
2.2
1,3
0.0
1.3
5-6
0.8
0,0
1,.3
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.9
2,2
1.8
1,8
3.1
0.9
0.0
0.4
1,7
1.3
7
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,4
0.8
0.0
0.4
0,0
0.4
0.4
January:
0900 (310 obs):
1-2
0.6
1.3
3,3
3.0
2.9
1,9
1,6
1.3
1,9
0.6
1.3
1,2
1,0
0.3
1,6
0.9
3=4
2,3
0.6
4,2
4.2
6,1
4.2
2.0
1,6
1,0
1,0
2,6
1,6
3,6
2.3
2,6
2.6
5 6
0.6
0.7
4.8
6.1
4.9
2.9
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
1.7
1,9
1,6
0.0
0,0
7
0.0
0,0
0,3
0.6
0.6
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
1500 (310 obs):
1-2
0,7
0.6
1.3
2.6
2.9
4,2
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.3
1.6
0,0
1.6
0.7
3.2
1,3
3-4
0.9
1,0
4.5
5.8
5.8
4,8
1,6
2,6
0.6
1.0
1.6 .
2.9
3,9
3.9
2,6
3.2
5-6
0,0
0.7
2.6
5,5
5.8
2.6
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
1,6
1.6
1,6
0.7
0.3
7
0.0
0,0
0,6
0.6
0.7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.3
0,3
0.0
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
1.3
0.6
2,9
1.9
2.3
1.9
1.9
1,0
0.3
1.3
1,3
1,0
1..0
2.6
3.6
0,3
3-4
1.0
2.6
2.9
4,2
6,1
7.1
3.6
1.9
1.0
1,3
1.3
3.5
1.2
1.9
3,9
1.3
5-6
0.3
0,3
4.9
5.5
7.1
2.3
0,6
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.6
0.7
2,6
1.3
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0,.0
0.0
April:
0900 (300 obs):
1-2
3,7
1,3
2.0
1,7
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.3
0.3
2,3
2.0
2.7
2.0
3.4
2.0
1.0
3-4
2.3
3.3
4,3
8,3
8.0
2.7
4,0
0.7
1,6
1,4
2.3
3.6
1.0
0.7
3.0
2.0
5-6
0.3
0,7
0.7
3.7
3.3
1.0
0.3
0,0
0,7
0.0
0,7
0.4
1.0
0,3
0,0
03
> 7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1500 (300 obs):
1-2
0.3
0,0
0,7
1,0
2.4
23
2.7
1.3
1.3
1,3
1.3
1.0
1,3
1,4
1,3
1.0
3-4
1,1
1,7
3,6
5.6
9.3
4.7
4.0
2,7
0.7
3.0
2.3
4.3
3.3
3.3
1.7
1,7
5-6
0.3
0.3
1,7
6,0
4,3
2.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
1.0
0.7
5.7
0,7
0.0
0.7
0.6
7
0.3
0.0
0,0
0,4
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
0,.0
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
1.3
0.6
2.0
2.0
3,0
3.3
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.3
0.3
1.,7
5.0
2,7
2.7
0.6
3-4
1,7
4.3
8,7
5,7
7,7
3.4
2.3
0.3
0.7
2.1
3,3
4.0
3.7
1.6
2.3
2.0
5-6
0,0
0.4
1.0
3,7
2.3
0,.3
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,3
0,4
0.3
1.3
0.0
0,0
0.7
7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
July:
0900 (310 obs):
1-2
3.8
3.5
2.9
3,2
4.5
2,2
1?6
2.5
3,2
1,6
3,9
1,6
3.3
3.2
5.2
4.6
3-4
3.9
3.3
4,5
4.8
5.2
2,3
2,6
1,0
0,3
1,0
2.2
1.0
1,9
0.3
2.6
1.6
5-6
1.0
0.0
0,3
0.7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0,6
0.3
>- 7
0.0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
1500 (310 obs):
1-2
0.6
1,3
0,3
1,6
1,3
1,6
2.0
2.0
2,2
0.7
2,3
0.3
1.9
1,0
1?6
1.0
3-4
4,6
1.9
1.6
6.4
5.1
7.1
3.2
2.2
2.0
2.9
6,2
5.1
7.2
2.3
4,5
2,2
5-6
0,6
0.3
0.7
2,0
1.0
0,7
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.6
2.8
2.0
0.9
0.6
0,0
0.3
7
0.0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0?0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
2,3
1,3
2.9
4,2
2,9
1.3
2.3
2.6
1.0
2.2
1.9
2.6
8.3
1.9
2.9
2.0
3-4
4.5
5.5
6.5
2,9
2.6
2,9
0.3
0.6
0,3
2.6
4..2
2.9
6.5
2,0
4.8
3.2
5-6
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
October:
0900 (310 obs):
1-2
2,6
2.9
3,6
4.5
4.2
3,9
2.0
1.3
1.3
1.0
0.6
1,6
1.6
2.2
2.6
2.6
3-4
1,6
1.3
2.9
7.5
12.9
4.2
2.3
1.6
1.9
0.3
1.3
0.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.6
5-6
0.6
0.0
0,3
1.6
1,9
0,6
0,6
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
0,0
>= 7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
1500 (310 obs):
1-2
0.9
1.6
1.9
1,6
3.6
2.6
2,2
1,3
1.3
1,9
1.3
1,6
0.7
0.0
1.6
1,9
3-4
1.7
1.7
1.0
4.5
13.9
6,8
3.6
2.6
1,9
1.0
2,9
2,3
3.5
4.8
5.2
1,0
5-6
0,3
0,3
0.3
0.7
3,2
2.6
1.6
0,3
0,0
1,0
0,6
1,9
0.6
1.3
0.6
0.3
7
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
2.3
1,9
0,0
4,5
6.7
2.9
1,6
1.3
3.0
0.7
1,0
2.6
2,0
1,4
1.9
2.3
3-4
2.2
1.6
4,2
6.4
10,1
5.5
2.6
1.3
0.9
1,6
2.2
0.6
2.2
2,2
2.9
3.6
5-6
0.0
0,0
0.3
1.3
3.2
1.0
1.9
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0,0
0.3
0.0
0.6
7
0,0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER Page V-41
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW CALM
UMAN' (9 years of record)
January:
0700 (309 obs):
1-2
5.5
0.0
4.2
1,0
1.6
0.6
6.5
0.6
4.8
0.0
3.2
1.0
2.9
1.0
2.6
1.3
3-4
3.0
1.0
3.0
0.6
2.0
2.0
3.6
0.0
1.3
0.6
2.9
0.3
4.2
3.6
4.6
0.3
5-6
0,3
0,0
0.6
0.3
0.3
0,3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.3
1.3
0.0
7
0.3
0.0
0.3
0,7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
5.8
1.0
3.8
1.0
3.3
0.7
4.8
1.0
3.9
1.3
4..2
0.6
5.2
1.0
3.9
1,0
3-4
3.3
0.6
3.9
0.3
3.5
1.3
3.2
0.0
3.2
1.3
1.9
1.3
6.7
1.0
5.8
1.3
5-6
1,6
0,0
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0
6
1
6
0
3
> 7
0,3
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
.
0.3
.
0.6
.
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
5.5
0.0
7.1
0.6
3.5
0.7
5.8
0.6
2.5
0.7
2.3
0.3
5.2
0.3
4.8
0.7
3-4
1.6
0.0
2.3
1.3
2.3
0.6
2.0
0,0
2.3
0.0
1.9
0.4
6.4
2.2
3,6
0.3
5-6
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.3
1,6
0.4
1.0
0.3
7
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
April:
0700 (300 obs):
1-2
4.3
0.7
4.4
2.0
6.7
1.3
5.0
0.0
3.7
0.7
0.9
1.6
3.0
1.3
3.6
1.0
3-4
4.3
1.0
4.0
1.0
5.3
0.0
2.7
0.7
1.0
0.0
1.4
0.7
6.0
1.0
7.4
1.4
5-6
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.4
1.0
0.3
-> 7
0.7
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1300 (300 obs):
1-2
2.3
1.0
5.0
0.6
3.4
0.3
2.0
0.0
2.7
1.0
2.3
0.0
3.1
0.3
2.3
0.7
3-4
4.0
1.0
4.6
2.4
8.0
2.0
6.7
0.7
4.6
0.3
2.4
1.0
8.6
1.7
5.4
2.0
5-6
0.7
0.0
1.7
0,3
1,7
0.0
0.6
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.6
0.7
2.0
0.7
3.0
0.0
7
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.6
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
9.0
1.0
7.0
0.0
3.3
1.0
5.7
0.0
3.3
0.7
2.3
0.3
5.4
1.0
6.7
0.0
3-4
2.7
0.4
3.0
0.4
4,4
0.0
2.6
0.3
3,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.3
3.0
0.3
5-6
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
7
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
July:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
5.9
0.7
3.6
1.0
3.6
0.0
2.9
0.6
2.3
0.3
2.6
0.3
3.2
2.9
9.0
3.6
3-4
3.8
0.3
1.6
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
3.9
1.3
6.8
1.6
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
5.2
0.0
5.2
2.0
4.2
0.3
0.9
0.3
4.8
0.7
4.8
0,0
5.5
1,9
7.5
1.0
3-4
5.1
1.0
2.9
0.3
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
3.3
0.6
2.3
1.3
6.1
0.7
8.7
2.5
5-6
0.7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1,3
0.6
3.2
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
5.2
0.3
2.3
0.6
2.6
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
4.8
2.0
7.7
1.6
3-4
1.3
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.3
2.6
1.0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
>= 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
October:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
3.2
1.0
2.9
0.6
4.9
0.6
3.6
0.6
3.2
0.6
2.9
0.0
4.5
1.6
5.6
0.7
3-4
2.0
0.3
0.3
1.3
2.2
0.0
1.6
0,0
2.3
0.4
0.6
0.0
2.6
2.2
3.3
0.6
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.0
a 7,
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
3,2
0.0
3.5
0.6
7.7
0.7
7.4
1.6
4.2
0.3
4.8
0.7
3.9
1.3
4.5
0.0
3-4
1.9
0.3
1.3
1.7
7.5
1.6
3.2
0.3
5.1
0.7
2.6
0.6
5.8
1.9
7.1
0.7
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.3
1.7
0.6
>- 7
0.7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
3.9
1.9
2.3
0.3
7.1
1.0
1.6
0.3
1.9
0.0
2.3
0.3
5.8
1.9
5.8
0.0
3-4
1.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
2.9
0.0
0.3
0.7
4.2
0.3
0.6
0.0
1.9
1.0
3.6
0.3
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0
0
1
0
0
3
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0,0
.
0.6
.
0,0
January:
0700 (309 obs):
1-2
5.1
1.7
2.6
1.3
3.6
1.0
3.3
2.3
4.8
1.3
3.6
1.6
2.6
1.0
2.2
1.3
3-4
1.7
0.6
1.6
0.0
3.2
1.9
7.1
1.9
2.9
1.0
3.2
1.3
2.3
0.0
3.3
1.3
5-6
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.7
3.2
1.0
0.7
0.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
3.5
1.3
2.2
0.7
2.6
1.6
1.9
1.9
3.5
0.3
2.6
1.3
3.2
0.7
2.9
1.0
3-4
2.3
1.0
1.0
0.9
3.2
3.9
6.5
2.3
3.9
1.3
3.8
3.2
1.3
0.9
3.9
1.9
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
2.6
4.9
1.0
1,0
0.3
0.7
0,7
1.6
0.3
0.6
0.6
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (309 obs):
1-2
4.2
2.6
1.0
0.3
2.8
1.9
4.9
1.9
1.9
0.3
2.9
0.3
2.9
0.3
3.3
1.9
3-4
2.6
0.3
0.6
0.7
2.3
3.0
9.1
1.0
3.6
2.9
1.3
1.6
1.3
0.7
2.9
2.3
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
4.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
Original ential
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-42
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW NW
NNW CALM
April:
0700 (298 obs):
1-2
2.4
1.0
4.0
2.1
2.0
1,7
2.0
2.0
2.7
1.4
4.6
1.0
1.3
0.7
3.4
1.3
3-4
1.3
1.0
4.1
3,0
3.0
5.4
3.8
2.4
2.3
1.3
1.4
1,7
3.3
0,3
2.7
2,1
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.7
1.0
3.0
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.7
0,0
1,4
0,3
0.3
1,0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0,0
0,0
1300 (300 obs):
1-2
2,0
1.0
1.7
0.7
0,0
1,0
0,6
1.0
1,0
1.0
1,3
2.4
1,3
1.0
0.3
1.3
3-4
3.0
2.0
5.3
5.0
3,3
3.3
3,7
1.7
2.7
3.6
2,7
1.3
2,0
0.7
5.0
1.7
5-6
0,0
0.3
0.7
1.3
3.4
3.4
2.0
3.0
2,7
0.7
1,3
1.0
2.4
0.3
0.7
1.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1,7
1.0
1,7
2.0
0.6
1.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0,0
0,3
0.0
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
1.7
1,7
4.0
2.0
4.3
2.7
4.0
1.7
3.3
0.6
3.0
2.3
2.3
0.4
4.4
2.0
3-4
1.6
0.6
1.7
1.7
4.7
3.3
6.0
1.0
2.0
1,4
1.0
1,1
1.7
0.0
2.0
2.3
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.7
3.7
1.3
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.7
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.6
0.0
0,3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
July:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
7,1
0.6
2,3
1.3
1.6
1.0
2,3
2.9
6.2
1.6
2.3
1.6
9.1
2.0
6,1
2.7
3-4
2.6
0.3
1.6
0.3
0.6
0.3
1,2
0.0
2,9
0.3
2.6
0.3
3.9
0.3
2,6
0.6
5-6
0.3
0.4
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
1.0
0,0
0,3
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
2.0
1.0
1.3
0.4
1,6
1.0
3.2
1.3
4,8
0,0
0.7
0.0
3,9
1.6
4.5
1.0
3-4
4.2
0.3
3,2
0.3
3.2
0.3
5.2
1.6
3.9
1.9
4.5
0.0
8.0
1.0
6.1
2.9
5-6
0,0
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,0
0,0
1.3
1.3
1.9
1.0
2.3
0.3
2.3
0.3
> 7
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.3
0,6
0.0
0,0
0.0
2100 (309 obs):
1-2
5.5
2.0
3.2
0.3
2.6
0.3
3.6
1,0
4.2
1,3
2.2
1.6
10.1
1,0
3.5
2,0
3-4
3.2
0,6
1.0
0.0
2.9
0,0
2.3
0.6
1.0
0,6
2.3
1.0
2.6
0,0
3.3
0.3
5-6
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.4
0,0
0,0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
>- 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.0
October:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
2.5
1.3
1.3
0.3
1.0
1.9
7,8
2.9
6.5
4.8
, 1,3
1.6
3,2
1.3
2.6
1.6
3-4
2,3
0.6
1,3
0.7
1.9
1.6
3,2
2.6
3.0
1.6
3,9
2.3
3.2
0.3
2.3
0.7
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
1.0
1,3
0.3
0.3
0.0
1,9
0.0
0.7
0.0
0,3
0.3
>= 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0,3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
1300 (307 obs):
1-2
0.3
0.0
1.0
0,7
0.6
0,6
1.3
0.6
2.3
2.3
3.9
1,3
1.6
0.7
1.3
1.0
3-4
3.0
1.0
2.3
0.3
0.7
2.3
4.5
5.9
5.2
2.6
6,5
2.3
7.2
0.6
2.3
3.6
5-6
0.3
0,0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.7
4.2
2,3
2,3
1.3
2.0
2.0
1.3
0.7
1.6
0,0
- 7
0,0
0,0
0.3
0.0
0,3
1,4
1.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.6
1.6
0,0
0.0
0,0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.0
0,7
1.9
5,8
4.2
6.8
2.9
5.8
2.0
2.6
1.6
3.3
1.3
3-4
1.6
0.6
0,7
0.3
0.6
4.2
4.2
3.8
1.3
2.2
1.3
0.6
2.9
1.0
1,9
1.0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.3
0.7
0.6
0,7
0.3
01
0.3
0.0
1,0
0.0
> 7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0,3
0.0
January:
0700 (132 obs):
1-2
2.3
3.0
3.8
0.0
4.6
0.0
3.1
1,5
3.8
3.0
7.6
5,3
2.3
3,1
2.3
2.3
3-4
2.3
0.8
0.0
0,0
0.8
0.8
5.3
0.8
6.9
6.0
2.3
5.3
2.3
2.3
0.0
0.0
5-6
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,8
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
1.6
1,5
0.0
0,0
1.6
7
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (140 obs):
1-2
3.6
4,3
4.3
0,0
2.1
2,1
2,1
1.4
6,4
4.3
6,4
2.1
2.1
0.7
3.5
0.0
3-4
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.7
1.4
3.4
2.8
7.1
2.8
9.3
4.3
2.8
2.8
0.7
0.7
5-6
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,7
0.0
1.4
0.0
0,7
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
> 7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1900 (161 obs):
1-2
7.4
5,0-
1.2
2,5
1.8
1,8
1.9
0.0
4.4
2.5
9.3
2.5
3,1
0.6
0.0
0.6
3-4
0.0
0,6
1.9
0.6
0.0
1,2
2.6
1,2
6.8
4.4
11.8
5.0
4.3
1.8
0.0
1.2
5-6
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.6
0.0
1.8
0.0
1.2
0.6
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
7
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0,0
April:
0700 (163 obs):
1-2
2.4
1.8
2.4
3.1
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.2
5.6
4.3
9,8
4.9
6.8
0,6
1,2
1.2
3-4
1,2
0.0
2,4
0.6
1.2
0.0
3.7
1.2
4,9
3.7
5,5
1.2
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
5-6
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0,0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0,6
0.0
'- 7
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (164 obs):
1-2
1,2
3,6
3.6
1,2
0,6
0,6
3.6
1,8
4,8
3.6
3.6
1,2
4.9
1.2
0.6
0.0
3-4
1.8
2,4
2.4
0.0
1.8
1.2
7.3
1,2
7.4
4.2
6,7
4.2
3.0
3.0
2.4
1.8
5-6
0.6
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0,0
1.2
0.0
1.2
0.0
1.8
1,2
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
7
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0,0
0.0
0?,0
0.0
0,0
1900 (158 obs):
1-2
3,8
1.2
1,9
3.8
0,6
1,3
3,8
1.3
6,4
3.1
8,8
5.7
3,8
1.3
2.5
1,9
3-4
0.6
2.6
0,6
0.6
1.2
0.0
2.6
1.2
3.8
5.7
7.6
4.5
1.3
0.6
2.5
1.9
5-6
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
_' 7
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER Page V-43
July:
0700 (156 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
1300 (160 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
-> 7
1900 (155 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
> 7
October:
0700 (138 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
>- 7
1300 (139 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
>- 7
1900 (147 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
>- 7
January:
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
>- 7
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
April:
0700 (300 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
1300 (300 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
2100 (300 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
>- 7
July:
0700 (309 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
>- 7
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
> 7
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
1,9 4.5 2.6 0.6 4.5 0.6 4.5 5.8 4.5 6.4 10.9 6.4 12.2 3.2 3.2 1.2
2.5 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.0 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.6 2.6 2.6 1.3 0.0 2.6 2.6
0.6 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.5 1.3 6.9 4.4 1.2 1.9 6.9 2.5 8.1 1.9 6.9 2.5 6.3 2.5 3.1 1.2
1.3 2.6 0,0 2.5 1,3 0.6 3.8 1.3 6.3 0.6 5.0 3.1 4.4 0.6 2.5 1.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0,0 0.0 0,0 0.0
6.4 2.5 3.2 2.9 3.8 1,9 6.4 4.5 7.8 4.5 5.8 5,8 4.5 1,9 4.8 3.2
0.6 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0,6 1.3 1.3 3.2 2.6 0.6 1.3 2.5 2.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.8 3.6 2.1 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.7 2.1 5.0 5.1 11.3 4.3 2.9 2.9 1.4 1.4
0.7 0.7 2.1 0.7 2.1 0.7 3.6 2.1 5.1 3.6 5.8 9.4 3.6 0.0 2.1 0.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0
1,4 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 3.6 0.7 0.0 6.5 5.0 8.7 4.3 2.2 0.0 3.6 1.4
0.7 0.7 3.6 0.7 3.6 0,7 0.7 1.4 5,1 4.4 11.5 4,4 5.1 2.0 2.2 0,0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0,7 0,0 0.0 0.7 0.7 2.2 0.0 0.7 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0
2.1 2.0 2.1 0.0 1,4 0.7 3.4 1.4 11,6 4.8 10.2 3.4 3.4 4.1 4.0 2.8
0.0 1.4 0.7 0.7 2,8 0.7 2.1 1.4 4.1 2.1 8.8 2.7 4.1 0.7 2.0 0.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0,7 0.0 0.0 0.7
0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
VYSHNIY VOLOCHEK (9 years of record)
5.2 0.7 1.6 0.0 3.9 0,0 12.6 1.0 9.7 0.0 11.9 0.0 5.8 0.0 4.2 0.3
2.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 1.3 5.5 0.6 4.8 0.3 4.8 0.7 2.6 0.0
0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 2.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.3 1,6 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0
2.9 0.0 1.6 0.0 2.6 0.7 11.3 1.6 10.0 1.3 9.9 0.0 6.8 0.0 6.7 0.3
2,9 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,2 2.3 6.5 0.0 4.9 0.7 4.6 0.6 3.9 0.0
0.3 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,3 0.3 1.6 0.3 1.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 2.3 0.0
0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.5 0.7 1.3 0.0 1.6 0.6 12.0 2.2 9.4 0.6 9.3 0,7 8.4 0.0 5.2 0.3
1.6 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 2.3 4.8 0.0 4.5 0,3 4.2 1.0 2.9 0,7
0.3 0.0 0.0 0,0 0,0 0.4 1.6 0.3 1.6 0,0 1.0 0,0 2.2 0.0 0.6 0,0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 .0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0
4.0 0.0 5.0 1.3 7.0 0.0 18.3 0.3 6.3 0.0 8.3 0.0 3.0 0.7 2.6 0.0
1.7 0.0 3,3 1.0 1.7 0.4 7.7 1.7 4,7 0.6 3.7 0.0 2,0 0.3 1,7 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0,0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0
0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.3 0.0 0,0 0.0 0,0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.3 0.0 6.3 0,3 3.3 0.0 7.7 0.0 3.7 0.0 5.7 0.0 2.7 0.0 4.3 0.3
3.7 0.3 4.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 14.0 2.3 10.0 0.3 4.6 0.0 2.7 0.7 3.0 0.0
0.3 0,0 0.4 0,7 0.0 0.0 3.7 0,4 3.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0
5,7 0.0 9.3 0.4 7.0 0.0 13.6 0.7 8.3 0.0 5,7 0.0 5.4 0.7 4.0 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.0 7,7 1.3 8.0 0.0 1,0 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.7 0.0
0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.2 0.3 4.5 1.9 4.9 0.6 9.7 0.7 3,2 0,3 13.6 0.6 10.4 0.3 10.4 0.0
0.6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 2.3 0.0 3.9 0,7 1.9 0.0 3.2 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0,0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10,0 0.3 5.9 1.6 3.3 1,0 4.1 1.3 5.2 0.0 7.2 0.0 6.8 1.6 7.1 0.3
3.3 0.0 1.9 0.0 1.3 0.3 2.6 0.3 5,8 0.0 7,4 0.6 7.7 0.0 5.8 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 0,3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.,0 0.0
9.0 1.6 7.4 1.0 3.6 0,3 10.6 0.6 6.4 1.6 10.0 1,0 9.4 1.0 7.7 0.3
0.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0,0 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.3 0,0 1.9 0.0 1.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0
0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Original - MomfI
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-44
October:
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
E. Upper-air wind
Upper air wind roses giving percentage frequency and
average velocity of winds from each of 16 points of the com-
pass are shown in FIGURES V-16 to V-30.
29 13 2018
3,300 FT 13 0 26
1,600 FT zoo 0 922 PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
ELEVATION 20 FT.
N 64?28' E 40?31'
22 161914
3
II ._ 0 19
1721 1211
9 20P2
23 0 12 12
15 11 31
20 18 3011
18 16100 12
24 B
520 0 5 1 9 13
2014 I6 13 1R 13
FIGURE V-16. Upper-air wind roses for Arkhangel'sk.
VYSHNIY VOLOCHEK (Continued)
27
ELEVATION 228 FT.
N 48? 40' E 26? 35
1724 0 15 `v17 0 18~ 22 O 1691
6 22 ` 7
19 0 I0 2 0 17
21 4 615
2510134 16 15 149
5 . 1 S15
15
16 18
1,600 FT 26-1210 20 ' 1i
1311 82524 II 11 11
CALM =te 6 AVE. VEL. M.P.H
PERCENTAGE
'~- FREQUENCY
2218 25192112
73 \ 19
13 19
1516 20
20 0 20 40 60
I L
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY SCALE
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Original
0700 (310 obs):
1-2
4.5
0.3
5,5
0.0
4.5
0.0
12,6
1.0
11.6
0.7
12.6
0.4
4.5
0.6
3.6
0,0
3-4
2.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
4.8
0.3
6.1
0.0
6.8
0.0
3.9
0.6
3.5
0.0
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.7
1.3
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1300 (310 obs):
1-2
2.3
0.0
5.5
0.0
1.6
0,0
7.4
0.0
10.3
0.6
9.1
0.0
3.5
0.0
6.8
0.3
3-4
3.9
1.0
1.6
0.0
1,3
0.0
5.2
1,3
10.3
1.4
9.6
0.3
3.2
0.3
4.2
0.3
5-6
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.9
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2100 (310 obs):
1-2
3.2
1.0
4.8
0.0
4.5
0.0
13.2
0.7
11.7
0.6
10.0
0.6
5.8
0.7
5.1
0.0
3-4
1.3
0.6
2,9
0.0
0.7
0.0
1,0
0.3
8.3
1.7
3.3
1.3
3.2
0.3
1.7
0.0
5-6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
(DEC-FEB) (MAR-MAY) (JUN-AUG)
26 /?~ 934
16 90
25
21 23 18
8 17
24 20
20 a 4
22 3
24 9 12 16 18
%.CALM _5 P
_ FREQUENCY
ELEVATION 600 FT.
N 50?27' E 30?30'
221515 19
19 1712
-ZIPN 8 0 15
19 14
17 1324
232 20
19 ~Y 1 417
8
20 16
I
172017
20 BI8 14 IS 26 17 15 141415
23 _ 15 1e 9
16 jjj\\16 14
18 12
20 0 20 4C 60
PE RGf N?AGE IRE CVE NC? SCALE
FIGURE V-18. Upper-air wind roses for Kiyev.
ELEVATION 23 FT
N 68?53' E 33?01'
247;751j; 8' 1e
220
113 16
5,000 FT NO DATA NO DATA
20 12
19 20 16 10
20- ffO'T-
6 AVE 'CL MPH
PERLENTAGE -
FREQUENCY
20 0 20 40 60
i .__L,..,, _I- -J
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY SCALE
% CALM
50 PERCENTAGE
_ FREQUENCY
ELEVATION 777 FT.
N 51?45' E 36'11'
n 15 20
NO DATA 12 14 25
14 10 25,
NO DATA 32
21
13_W'4
NO DATA 35 14
o !4
ELEVATION 190 FT.
N 53' II' E 50' 06'
(MAR-MAY) (JUN-AUG) (SEP-NOV)
1614
21
14 21
10
-, 433
21
?
% CALM ; 6 AVE YEL M P H
PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
FIGURE V-19. woy9clLIF1Qr Pooke"e 8003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-0 fl4 00020()(MW5.end roses for Kuybyshev.
3 9 -IS 5
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
13,100 FT 18 11
9 1B
36
14
26 22
40\\ 12529
20
31
29 IS 11
261\\1/, 28
3,300 FT 23
25
303 121 14
23
24
20 2211819
2S ~//~n~~ 13
13 23 14 161 6
24 1915 18 21 14 11 11 19, 9 2517 726 21
26 *1 8 14 15 16 9
24 20 20 0 19 22 O 20
1 2 17- 25
20 4 16
5
1424 1817 212019 2 34_, 1435
170'-20 14
~~~~14
1613 13
22 1421
% CALM --:5 , 6 AVE V#L MPH
PERCENTAGE _y
4- FREOUENCY
21 2513, 9
13
20 21 20
22 0 20 22 -
19 7/ T 21
46
1929 3422
(DEC-FEB) (MAR-MAY) (JUN-AUG)
ELEVATION 528 FT.
N 55?47' E 37138'
23 0 18
30 i 2 16
22 11 22
20 92016
14 2716
20 I 16
6
23,11190
19 I8
15
% CALM ? 6 AVE. VEL MPH
PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
23 36
19 20 16 11 IL
1621 ~\~~~ 119 40
\~1(/ 9 9
2214 25 0 17
27
15 18 029 15 11`17 18 16
24 35
14 \V 28 20
14 19
21 16'1'\22 16
14 IS
19
13 17 1527
18 13
0 15
15 20
6 21 20 1
13
20 0 20 40 80
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY SCALE
31498 45
21 169
N ALM -r J~
P#RC EN'1231
F FRfOUENC~ _i
ELEVATION 157 FT.
N 47? 13' E 39?43'
2017 17125\ 192216'13'R /
14 22 16 1? 12 17
2'0 0 20 40 60
PERCENTAGE FRE, rNCY SCALE
232125,3
ELEVATION 217 FT.
N 51?34' E 46?02'
152115 2 0 16
17
21 21 14
0
% CALM -r- 6 AVE VfL M"
P
PERCENTAGE
-y
FREOUENCY
/ 22
61921 19
' /~1 18
19 162212
6 I7 I42 O 16 193 ~IY' 17
1719,7
19 19 112 14 15 17 '517 17 19
9
20 0 20 40 60
PERCEN'AGE FREQUENCY SCALE
FIGURE V-23. UPpAlipiroJ FWRettdso a/05/14: CIA-RDP79R24t144AW02Q4@1 O5 4 d roses for Sarator.
ELEVATION 692 FT.
N 53? 54' E 27? 33'
 ELEVATION 76 FT.
N 44? 37' E 33? 32'
(DEC-FEB) (MAR-MAY) (JUN-AUG) (SEP-NOV)
6
25
9,800 F T 27 0 5
29 9 12
26 24 22
6,600 F T 21 .-Z40~ 13
27Z
~7ft~~~~ 19
20
22
13
1420
22 16 15
1316
k 1LN -+ 6 41 f VEt NPN
9,800 FT 16 O 20
16 27
"26
9
914 30
ELEVATION 138 FT
N48-42' E44-31'
% [AtM U~ 6 AVE VE:. N P N
~_ VEN~~fN~AGE -r
r PEOUENC
22 20i31113
26~
17 0
0'1716 2913 9
16 7 10
20 0 20 40 60
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY SCALE
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
1,600 FT 215 0 '1426
11817 30
i CALM a
~_, P#UCEN/ACCE
EF#OL,ENCr
ELEVATION 371 FT.
N 56?21' E 30?31'
1167- 0 20_ 141141(7
15
711 16
17"IR~17
20 13117 `13
ELEVATION 400 FT.
N 59?14' E 39?53'
17 1115 12 12
r4
17 18
20
17 14 17
k CALM._. 5 6 AVE V#t MPH
PENCEN'ACE
4- fREO/ENCV -w
13 16 14
17 12
14 14
14 "0,
4 17
2
'3 116
20
20 0 20 41 60
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY SCALE
FIGURE V-27. Upper-aKpprovrffe 6r F2 8eage 003/05/14: CIA-RDP--`~i1~ i'05t"2ff06 fo de4' ores Jor Voloyda.
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
FIGURES V-18 TO V-30
UPPER AIR WIND ROSES
JANIS 40
ELEVATION 400 FT.
N 51?40' E 39?13
(DEC-FEB) (MAR-MAY) (JUN-AUG) (SEP-NOV)
p ~ 2119
z5 27
9,800 FT 3a zz
0 0 4
0 0 0 1120
11
18 7 "1416
20 15
282I 1420 3i2538 22
30 27-14 20?p2 0 2
1725 10 10 17 %/~~ 1
22 20
4 19
24 2
3813
16
21
22?2`\I1919
AVE VEL MPH
PERCENT46# 20 0 20 40 60
FR#OUENCT ~~~--
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY SCALE
FIGURE V-30. Upper-air wind roses for Voronezh.
27
21E2188
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
F. Cloud and ceilings
TABLES V-29 through V-33 give data on mean cloudiness.
TABLES V-34 through V-36 show average number of days
with ceilings of specified heights during certain hours of
the day.
Arkhangel'sk
88
87
83
76
73
68
74
Astrakhan'
69
61
63
54
46
42
37
Helsinki
80
75
67
64
58
55
53
Kazan'
68
69
52
49
50
54
51
Kem'
73
70
67
68
75
66
64
Kerch'
76
74
69
57
48
41
30
Khar'kov
76
79
77
64
53
61
46
Kiyev
76
76
69
61
55
55
50
Kola
70
70
60
69
72
68
75
Kuybyshev
66
65
64
56
51
51
49
Leningrad
84
78
68
62
60
60
61
Mezen'
79
82
73
75
79
69
73
Minsk
82
84
75
67
62
61
65
Moskva
74
74
75
59
53
56
53
Nikolayev
70
69
67
51
44
41
33
Odessa
77
77
72
59
54
51
37
Ostrov Kolguyev
82
77
73
81
89
83
80
Ostrov Vaygach
72
68
65
68
81
79
73
Pinsk
77
73
71
60
58
56
55
Rostov-na-Donu
77
79
78
64
47
51
36
Saratov
68
69
59
56
44
46
44
Sevastopol'
73
69
62
50
41
35
25
Sortavala
79
73
64
62
58
56
54
Stalingrad
67
73
71
55
46
49
35
Taganrog
73
76
68
57
46
44
36
Tallinn
80
77
65
66
61
60
57
Tambov
79
79
80
68
60
65
56
Ufa
63
67
61
54
56
58
57
Uman'
81
84
78
68
68
70
60
Velikiye Luki
82
76
73
60
56
64
61
Vil'nyus
81
76
70
64
57
57
59
Vologda
71
74
67
58
64
63
59
Vyborg
78
75
63
60
56
57
54
Warszawa
76
74
68
65
59
59
61
Page V-45
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
80
85
87
90
89
82
25
32
40
50
69
75
53
20
62
63
74
81
83
68
36
51
58
71
83
72
61
13
72
75
77
82
75
72
21
26
35
49
71
77
54
34
42
49
61
81
85
64
10
39
49
60
77
82
62
10
77
77
81
77
76
73
10
51
66
68
83
77
62
9
64
69
79
83
88
71
10
78
32
85
86
78
78
13
58
64
73
85
88
72
10
56
69
74
87
85
68
10
28
34
49
70
72
52
39
31
39
54
74
80
59
10
83
84
86
86
85
82
78
83
85
82
75
75
55
54
71
83
82
66
16
29
35
50
77
84
59
10
40
48
59
75
72
57
13
19
29
43
61
70
48
20
63
66
78
85
83
68
36
29
38
49
78
82
56
9
29
35
48
74
81
56
30
65
70
80
87
87
71
15
53
68
70
86
87
71
10
59
70
75
84
76
65
10
47
53
65
79
86
70
10
58
66
71
82
83
69
10
61
62
69
86
85
69
65
77
80
88
81
71
10
63
67
76
86
84
68
40
58
58
67
80
82
67
0700
Arkhangel'sk
82
83
78
73
75
68
72
78
83
85
87
82
Astrakhan'
60
70
63
54
44
32
28
26
33
41
70
81
Helsinki
81
78
71
67
59
55
53
65
69
78
83
81
Kazan'
76
80
67
63
56
52
51
56
75
80
88
82
Kem'
74
72
72
71
68
69
72
74
80
86
79
80
Kerch'
81
83
83
64
50
54
40
39
52
66
83
85
Kiyev
78
80
73
63
52
51
46
36
51
64
80
85
Kola
71
73
65
72
73
71
74
79
80
82
80
74
Kuybyshev
82
73
73
72
57
46
49
42
49
67
73
86
Leningrad
86
82
75
64
60
60
61
64
71
84
87
87
Mezen'
79
87
78
75
80
71
73
80
84
88
87
77
Minsk
89
90
82
70
59
57
62
60
73
82
89
90
Moskva
76
76
81
61
52
49
48
56
72
79
88
86
Odessa
79
82
77
62
55
48
31
28
41
62
79
82
Rostov-na-Donu
80
82
84
69
50
50
32
31
40
61
80
86
Saratov
74
75
66
61
43
41
36
37
52
65
80
75
Sevastopol'
78
76
69
56
47
40
24
20
34
49
68
75
Sortavala
79
79
69
66
56
54
52
63
72
82
87
83
Stalingrad
74
78
79
59
42
45
31
29
37
56
82
85
Tambov
79
84
85
70
58
57
49
50
70
74
88
87
Ufa
62
70
68
56
52
56
55
56
73
78
85
79
Uman'
85
92
82
71
65
62
53
43
58
71
87
90
Velikiye Luki
82
84
79
61
54
60
57
60
72
73
85
84
Vologda
73
80
75
63
58
60
54
63
83
86
90
83
1300
Arkhangel'sk
85
79
71
68
71
70
73
79
84
85
87
85
Astrakhan'
58
63
60
52
48
43
33
28
36
39
71
80
Helsinki*
82
77
69
66
59
57
55
63
67
78
83
85
Kazan'
76
78
66
64
63
64
63
66
77
83
88
83
YR
REC
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-46
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
TABLE V - 30 (Continued)
YR
REC
1300 (Continued)
Kem'
81
73
67
68
70
70
71
77
83
85
83
86
76
Khar'kov
79
79
77
74
65
71
55
55
58
65
84
86
71
Kiyev
77
77
72
68
60
63
58
48
55
61
77
83
67
Kola
72
70
60
67
72
66
77
76
78
80
80
81
73
Kuybyshev
67
67
67
60
57
54
56
56
71
70
86
79
66
Leningrad
86
77
69
65
64
64
65
69
76
83
83
88
74
Mezen'
82
79
69
70
78
72
73
80
84
84
86
82
78
Minsk
83
82
78
74
68
66
71
67
72
75
86
90
76
Moskva
76
74
75
63
58
64
64
62
74
76
89
85
72
Odessa
78
77
77
63
58
59
46
39
43
56
76
80
63
Rostov-na-Donu
77
78
79
70
52
59
45
35
38
52
78
83
62
Saratov
68
69
60
59
50
54
52
48
53
61
78
74
60
Sevastopol'
73
70
60
51
42
37
31
25
32
44
62
72
50
Sortavala*
80
73
63
60
59
59
58
66
70
79
87
84
70
Stalingrad
68
73
71
61
53
56
41
35
44
53
76
82
59
Tambov
82
79
81
75
71
73
64
67
75
74
90
89
77
Ufa
67
70
64
58
62
63
64
67
76
78
86
79
70
Uman'
81
84
84
78
77
80
70
62
62
70
81
88
76
Velikiye Luki
84
73
73
67
60
72
69
66
73
72
85
86
73
Vologda
79
78
72
62
70
70
64
70
83
84
90
84
76
2100
Arkhangel'sk
77
74
61
69
73
64
68
73
75
79
84
80
20
Astrakhan'
55
56
51
39
26
33
22
19
22
34
65
72
10
Helsinki
77
70
60
60
55
54
51
57
52
67
78
82
36
Kazan'
68
69
52
49
50
54
51
51
58
71
83
72
73
Kem'
74
66
55
64
72
64
69
69
73
78
72
81
10
Khar'kov
69
75
72
53
45
57
42
31
38
52
75
84
10
Kishinev
85
84
81
70
71
72
69
67
74
82
85
87
20
Kiyev
73
72
62
51
53
51
47
32
40
54
73
78
10
Kola
86
86
82
78
75
73
78
85
86
87
88
88
24
Kuybyshev
57
56
54
52
49
51
49
48
59
60
77
69
9
Leningrad
80
74
59
56
57
57
58
58
59
71
79
89
10
Mezen'
77
79
71
79
80
65
73
75
79
84
85
76
13
Minsk
74
79
64
58
59
60
62
47
48
62
81
85
10
Moskva
71
72
70
52
50
55
48
49
61
68
84
85
10
Odessa
74
72
63
51
48
46
34
26
32
45
68
77
10
Rostov-na-Donu
74
76
70
52
40
45
32
22
26
38
72
82
10
Saratov
61
62
52
48
38
43
43
34
38
50
68
68
13
Sevastopol'
67
61
56
42
34
29
20
12
22
35
54
46
20
Sortavala
77
68
59
61
59
56
53
61
56
72
82
81
36
Stalingrad
58
67
64
45
42
46
33
24
32
39
76
78
9
Tambov
75
73
74
59
52
66
54
43
58
62
80
84
10
Ufa
59
62
52
47
54
55
53
53
60
70
81
71
10
Uman'
90
89
87
75
69
79
76
71
74
81
87
91
22
Velikiye Luki
79
70
66
52
54
61
57
49
52
67
77
79
10
Vologda
62
65
54
50
63
58
60
61
64
71
83
77
10
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
1.5
1.7
3.2
3,3
1.1
2.7
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.6
1.0
1.3
19,7
18
Astrakhan'
6.4
5.3
8.8
8.1
10.6
12.3
16.1
17.6
14,9
13,9
3.6
3.0
120.6
18
Helsinki
2
2
5
4
5
5
5
3
3
2
2
2
40
36
Kazan'
2.9
3.5
4.5
5,0
4.8
4.1
4,4
4.1
3.3
243
1.3
2.2
42.4
3
Kem'
3.5
3.4
4.6
4.7
3,1
3.5
2.8
1.3
2.6
1.9
1.9
1.5
34.8
13
Khar'kov
3
2
2
3
5
3
8
8
7
6
2
1
50
10
Kishinev
3.2
2.6
4.8
4.9
6.5
4.9
8.4
10.3
10.2
6.7
3,3
2.4
68.2
37
Kiyev
3
2
3
4
4
3
5
10
7
6
2
1
84
25
Kola
1.3
1,4
2.8
1.8
1.3
1.6
0.6
0,4
0.3
0.8
0.8
0,7
13.8
18
Kuybyshev
Cl
3.5
5.6
5.9
5.6
4.2
4.6
5.5
2.8
3.3
0.7
2.1
47,9
13
Leningrad
1.2
1.7
4.1
5.0
4,2
3.6
4,0
2.3
3.1
1.8
1,3
0.8
33,1
18
Mezen'
3.5
1.5
2.7
2.9
0.8
2.5
2.3
0,6
0.5
0.6
1.0
2.4
21.3
13
Minsk
1
1
2
3
4
3
2
4
3
2
1
1
27
10
Moskva
2,4
2.5
3.8
5.8
5.3
3.5
3.8
4.3
2.8
3.2
1,1
106
40.1
18
Odessa
2
1
3
6
5
4
10
12
10
6
2
2
63
10
Onega
1,8
2.1
2,8
2,8
2.2
3.6
2.1
1.8
1.2
Ooh
0.6
1,7
23.3
21
Ostrov Kolguyev
1
2
1
1
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
10
Rostov-na-Donu
2.6
1.9
1.7
3,6
7,0
3.9
10.4
15.2
12.6
8.0
2,5
1.4
70,8
10
Saratov
3.8
4.1
5.6
4,6
7.6
5.7
6.5'
8,4
7.7
5,4
1.9
3.4
64.7
14
Sevastopol'
2,3
1.9
4.3
7.6
9.9
11.0
17.0
19.7
15.1
9.4
3.9
2.0
104.1
18
Sortavala
2
3
5
4
4
4
4
3
2
2
0.8
2
36
36
Stalingrad
4.4
3.8
4.8
6.3
8.9
7.7
10.8
14.6
11,4
10.4
2.9
2.4
88.4
13
Tambov
2
2
2
3
5
3
5
5
3
4
1
2
37
10
Ufa
6
3
6
7
4
4
3
4
2
3
2
3
47
10
Uman"
2
1
2
2
2
1
3
6
6
5
2
1
33
10
Velikiye Luki
2
2
2
5
5
2
3
4
2
3
1
1
32
10
Vologda
2.6
2.3
4.8
5.1
3.2
3.4
3.0
2.3
1.5
1.5
1.2
2,2
33.1
18
Voronezh
3
3
6
6
7
6
7
10
9
6
2
3
68
9
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-47
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
A rkhangel'sk
9,6
10,4
13,7
12.6
15,7
15.1
15.9
14,0
11.5
10,0
8,2
9,8
146,5
18
Astrakhan'
11.7
11.1
12.7
15.6
17,7
15,4
13,4
12.2
13.2
11.5
13.6
9.7
157.8
18
Helsinki
9
10
12
14
17
17
19
18
17
12
8
7
160
36
Kazan'
10,1
10,3
13.2
14,8
17,9
17.6
19,1
18.4
14.8
11,5
7,2
7.3
162,2
13
Kern'
12.0
11.0
15..1
13.7
15.0
17.2
15.8
15,5
13.2
11,9
10.7
11.4
162.5
13
Khar'kov
9
9
10
16
19
18
19
19
16
13
9
8
165
10
Kishinev
11.0
10,1
12.6
14,4
16.3
17.6
17.1
16.3
13.6
14.5
10,6
8.7
162.8
37
Kiyev
9
11
14
16
20
21
21
18
17
13
10
9
179
10
Kola
13,8
13.0
16.3
13.4
12.2
13.9
13.4
14.2
13.1
12.3
11.6
13.1
160.3
18
Kuybyshev
11.1
11.6
13.7
15.2
19.2
20.6
21.8
20,6
18.4
14.0
8,1
10.5
184.8
13
Leningrad
9.7
9,4
13,6
13.1
15.7
16.6
16.3
17.7
15.,1
10.5
8.4
7.9
154.0
18
Mezen'
7.5
8.7
12.7
10.0
11.9
14,0
14.3
13.6
10.9
9.2
9.5
9.9
132,2
13
Minsk
10
7
13
14
17
18
19
19
17
14
7
6
161
10
Moskva
9.1
9.1
10,9
13.4
18.1
19.6
20.2
17.8
14.7
11.0
7.3
6.9
158,1
18
Odessa
11
12
13
13
19
21
19
17
16
17
12
10
180
10
Onega
10.6
10.2
15.2
14.4
16.3
15..9
18.5
15.2
13.8
11.9
7.4
9,5
158.9
21
O strov Kolguyev
12
10
17
11
7
9
27
9
9
10
9
9
139
Rostov-na-Donu
9.6
8.8
11.1
16.0
19.1
22.0
18.0
13.5
14.1
15.5
10.0
7.0
164.7
10
Saratov
12.6
10.8
13.3
17.2
19.3
20.5
20.5
19.6
16.4
16.1
11.9
11.5
189,7
14
Sevastopol'
13.1
13.7
15.5
14.5
16.8
16,6
12,4
10.6
12,8
17.1
16.1
13,2
172.4
18
Sortavala
10
10
13
14
19
19
20
18
17
11
8
8
167
36
Stalingrad
12.1
8.7
10.7
16.7
15.3
17.1
16.5
13.9
143
13,0
9.4
9.1
157.2
13
Tambov
10
9
9
13
16
15
18
19
15
11
8
6
149
10
Ufa
12
13
13
15
20
18
21
18
16
11
7
9
173
10
U man'
10
8
11
15
17
17
18
20
16
13
10
8
163
10
Velikiye Luki
8
10
14
15
18
18
19
19
18
14
10
10
173
10
Vologda
11,5
9.5
13.6
13.3
17.1
17,5
17.9
16.7
14.1
10.4
7.9
9.6
159.1
18
Voronezh
9
10
12
15
19
21
20
18
14
13
9
9
169
9
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
19.9
15,9
14.1
14.1
14.2
12.2
13.7
15.9
17,7
20.4
20,8
19.9
198.8
18
Astrakhan'
12,9
11.6
9,5
6.3
2.7
2.3
1.5
1.2
1.9
5,6
12.8
18.3
86,6
18
Helsinki
20
16
14
12
9
8
7
10
10
17
20
22
165
36
Kazan'
18,0
14,2
13.3
10.2
8.3
8.3
7,5
8.5
11,9
17,2
21,5
20.5
159..4
60
K em'
15.5
13.6
11.3
11.6
12.9
9.3
12.4
14:.2
14.2
17.2
17.4
18.1
167.7
13
Khar'kov
19
17
19
11
7
9
4
4
7
12
19
22
150
10
Kishinev
16.8
15.3
13.6
10.7
8.2
7,5
5.5
4.4
6.2
9.8
16.1
19.9
134,0
37
Kiyev
19
15
14
10
7
6
5
3
6
12
18
21
136
10
Kola
15.9
13.6
11,9
14.8
17.5
14.5
17.0
16.4
16.6
17.9
17.6
17,2
190,9
18
Kuybyshev
15.8
12.9
11,7
8.9
6.2
5,2
4.6
4.9
8.8
13.7
21.2
18.4
132,3
13
Leningrad
20.1
16.9
13.3
11.9
11.1
9.8
10.7
11,0
11.8
18.7
20,3
22.3
177.9
18
Mezen'
20.0
17,8
15.6
17.1
18.3
13.5
14.4
16.8
18.6
21.2
19.5
18.7
211.5
13
Minsk
20
20
16
13
10
9
10
8
10
15
22
24
177
10
Moskva
19.5
16.4
16.3
10,8
7.6
6.9
7.0
8,9
12.5
16.8
21,6
22.5
166.8
18
Odessa
18
15
15
11
7
5
2
2
4
8
16
19
122
10
Onega
18.6
15.7
13,0
12.8
12.5
10.5
10.4
14,0
15.0
18.5
22.0
19.8
182.8
21
Ostrov Kolguyev
18
16
13
18
24
20
2
22
20
21
21
21
216
Ostrov Vaygach
17
13
13
13
19
19
16
18
20
21
20
16
.205
Pinsk
18.8
17.3
18.2
10.4
4.9
4,1
2.6
2.3
3.3
7.5
17,5
22.6
129.5
10
Saratov
14.6
13.1
12.1
8.2
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.0
5,9
9,5
16,2
16.1
110.6
14
Sevastopol'
15.6
12.4
11.2
7.9
4.3
2.4
1.6
0.7
2,1
4,5
10.0
15.8
88.5
18
Smolensk
21
18
14
10
8
8
7
7
8
16
22
21
160
10
Sortavala
19
15
13
12
8
7
7
10
11
18
21
21
162
36
Stalingrad
14.5
15.5
15.5
7.0
6,8
5.2
3.7
2.5
3.9
7.6
17.7
19.5
119.4
13
Tambov
19
17
20
14
10
12
8
7
12
16
21
23
179
10
Ufa
13
12
12
8
7
8
7
9
12
17
21
19
145
10
Uman'
19
19
18
13
12
12
10
5
8
13
18
22
169
10
V elikiye Luki
21
16
15
10
8
10
9
8
10
14
19
20
160
10
Vologda
16,9
16.2
12.6
11.6
10.7
9.1
10.1
12.0
14.4
19.1
2Q.9
19,2
172,8
18
Voronezh
19
15
13
9
5
3
4
3
7
12
19
19
128
9
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-48
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
YR
REC
Kazan'
0,5
1.4
1,2
0.2
0,2
1.0
0.4
0.9
1.1
1.3
2,1
1.1
Kem'
4,9
2.7
0,4
0.6
0,7
0,6
0.4
1.6
0,8
Kerch'
1.7
2.1
3.1
2.7
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.6
1.6
4.7
Khar'kov
6,1
3,4
2.8
2.3
1.1
2.4
0,.6
1,7
1.9
3.7
6.0
6,4
Kiyev
2.8
2,9
3,2
0,9
0,2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0,4
2,5
4.5
4.9
Leningrad
1.0
0,3
2.1
1,2
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.7
1.2
,.
Minsk
3,4
3.4
3.4
3,8
0.7
0.9
2.0
3.1
3.3
6.2
7.0
7.7
Moskva
3,4
2,4
5,4.
2.1
0.5
0.0
0,2
2.2
1?7
2.8
4.1
3.2
Odessa
1.5
0.6
2,3
1.3
1.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.4
1,3
2.7
Penza
3,0
1.1
3.5
2.1
0.6
0.6
0.4
1.9
1.8
3.8
3.3
1,9
Rostov-na-Donu
3.4
5.0
5.3
1.4
0,0
1.1
0.0
03
1.0
4.0
4.7
4.9
Saratov
2,1
3.8
5.1
1.8
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.5
2.7
2.7
4.3
Sevastopol'
0.6
0.2
1,0
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.6
0.0
1,2
Smolensk
9,6
5.9
6,3
1.0
0.5
0.0
2.6
1.5
2.0
7.3
8.5
7.0
Stalingrad
1.5
1.8
2.8
0.3
0,0
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.7
1.8
2.4
2.1
Ufa
4.8
2.4
2.8
1.6
0.5
0.7
1.1
0.8
0.6
3.0
2.2
4.6
Velikiye Luki
3,9
4.6
4.4
2,0
1,2
0,7
2.4
2.9
2.2
4.6
3,5
3.8
Vologda
0,7
1.7
1.4
3,5
0.3
0.3
0.5
1.1
1.4
2.1
1.7
0.7
Voronezh
2,9
2.5
5.0
2.1
0.4
0.5
0.4
1.0
0.5
2.3
3.7
3.8
Kazan'
1,1
0.4
1,0
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.3
1.3
1.7
1.5
Kem'
1,2
1.3
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0,2
..
Kerch'
1.3
1,9
1.5
0,6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
1.0
2.9
Khar'kov
5.4
2.8
1.5
1.9
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.9
5.5
7.7
K iy ev
1.,6
2,0
1.5
0,2
0,2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.9
4.0
Leningrad
0.5
0,5
0.5
0.9
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.2
Minsk
3,0
2.8
2.7
1.5
0.0
0.2
1.7
0.9
1.3
2.9
6.2
7.2
Moskva
3,5
1,8
2,2
0.5
0.2
0,0
0,4
0.7
0,3
1.3
2,8
5.1
Odessa
1.8
0.8
0.6
1,2
0,4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.6
Penza
1.8
1,2
0.8
0,4
1.2
0.2
0,2
1,4
0.4
1.6
0.4
0.6
Rostov-na-Donu
2,3
3.1
2,3
0,2
0.0
0.2
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.9
3.1
5.1
Saratov
2,1
3.8
5.1
1.8
0.4
0,7
0.2
0.5
0.5
2.7
2,7
4.3
Sevastopol'
0,4
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
Smolensk
7.0
5.1
4.6
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
2.6
6.5
11.0
Stalingrad
1,7
1.7
0,8
0.3
0,4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.5
3.4
Ufa
2,1
1.5
1,8
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
0,8
0.4
2.3
1,5
2.5
Velikiye Luki
6.1
3.0
2.7
0,5
0.7
0.5
1.1
0.2
0,7
3.2
5.5
6.9
Vologda
0.8
0.7
0.7
0,8
0,2
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.2
1.0
1,0
1.0
Voronezh
2.5
1.9
1.7
0.6
0.0
0.2
0,0
0.2
0,2
0,.8
2,0
5.1
Kazan'
0,7
1.0
0.9
0.5
0.3
0.7
0,0
0.5
0,8
1.1
2,1
1.5
Kem'
5.1
3.6
2.0
0.9
0,9
0,2
0.4
1,0
0.8
Kerch'
2.0
2.6
1,5
0,8
0.2
0.2
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,2
3.1
2.3
Khar'kov
5.4
2.1
1,4
1.1
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.5
1.9
5.1
6.7
Kiyev
2.7
1.5
2.0
0.0
0.2
0,2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,2
4.8
Leningrad
0.5
0.5
0.5
0,0
0.2
0,0
0.0
0.5
0.2
Minsk
3,1
2.4
2,3
0,3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.9
2.1
4.4
7.7
Moskva
2.7
2.3
2,3
1.0
0.3
0.0
0,2
0.7
0.7
1.2
2.3
3.9
Odessa
2.4
1,5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
1,5
2.5
Penza
3,1
1,1
1,3
1.1
0.7
0.2
0,6
0.2
0.4
1.8
2,7
2.0
Rostov-na-Donu
2.7
3,4
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,3
2,5
2.8
Saratov
3,0
2,5
3,1
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.4
2.0
1.3
4.4
Sevastopol'
0.0
1,2
0,7
0.7
1,1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0,2
0.7
0.2
1.0
Smolensk
6.7
4.6
3,3
1.5
0.0
0.5
0,0
0.0
0,0
2.1
4.6
11,0
Stalingrad
1,4
1.3
1.0
0.4
0,0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
Ufa
4.1
3.0
2.8
1.0
0,2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0,2
2.8
2,7
3.8
Velikiye Luki
5.9
3.2
2,9
0.5
0,5
0,2
0,6
0,0
0.5
2,1
3,6
4.9
Vologda
0.9
0.5
1,1
0.2
0,4
0,2
0.0
0.2
Ooh
1.0
0.9
0.6
Voronezh
2,5
2.1
2.3
0.6
0,2
0.0
0,0
0.2
0,2
1.1
1,5
4.4
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-49
Kazan'
2.7
3.6
2.2
0.9
0.5
1.5
0.4
2.1
2.5
2.6
3.3
4.2
Kem'
4.9
2.7
0.8
1.2
1.0
0.8
1.4
1.8
1.4
Kerch'
2.4
3.6
3.7
4.0
1.5
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.2
3.0
6.7
Khar'kov
10.6
6.4
7.0
5.8
2.3
3.9
1.5
2.1
2.4
6.1
8.4
10.1
Kiyev
3.4
3.1
3.7
1.8
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.6
4.0
5.7
4.9
Leningrad
1,3
0.8
2.3
1.2
0.7
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.4
Minsk
7.3
7.8
5.1
8.7
2.4
2.1
3.9
5.5
6.4
11.2
13.5
14.2
Moskva
6.1
3.9
7.1
3.1
0.7
0.2
1.2
2.5
2.9
4.3
6.8
8.6
Odessa
2.6
1.6
3.7
1.5
1.7
0.2
0.2
0.4
1.2
1.7
4.1
3.9
Penza
3.1
1.1
1.3
1.1
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.4
1.8
2.7
2.0
Rostov-na-Donu
4.6
6.4
6.2
2.2
0.2
1.6
0.0
0.9
1.0
5.0
5.6
7.5
Saratov
6.9
7.3
7.9
3.3
0.4
1.5
0.7
0.7
1.7
4.1
5.9
8.6
Sevastopol'
1.0
1.0
1.5
0.9
1.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.8
1.7
1.6
Smolensk
18.2
14.0
13.1
3.1
1.5
1.6
4.2
4.0
4.5
12.0
17,0
21.0
Stalingrad
2.5
2.3
4.4
0.9
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.7
2.2
3.8
3.1
Ufa
5.3
2.6
3.5
2.3
1.9
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.7
4.5
5.2
6.3
Velikiye Luki
8.9
9.1
9.0
5.0
2.8
1.2
5.1
6.4
4.9
9.6
10.8
9.9
Vologda
3.6
4.8
3.4
4.4
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.3
3.5
3.7
5.7
6.4
Voronezh
6.1
4.5
6.7
3.5
0.7
1.5
0.6
1.3
0.8
2.8
6.4
7.7
Kazan'
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.0
0.2
1.8
0.6
0.9
1.2
2.6
2.7
2.7
Kem'
2.0
1.5
1.3
0.9
1.3
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.4
Kerch'
1.7
2.6
1.9
1.3
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.0
3.8
4.4
Khar'kov
8.9
6.8
5.2
3.9
2.6
1.9
0.6
1.4
1.2
2.0
8.6
10.7
Kiyev
3.6
2.4
1.9
0.9
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
2.6
4.0
Leningrad
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.2
Minsk
7.7
6.2
4.8
6.0
0.7
1.6
4,0
1.9
4.6
7.7
11.5
13.4
Moskva
5.9
3.3
4.3
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.3
2.3
4.8
8.5
Odessa
3.6
1.2
1.0
1.6
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.0
3.6
2.2
Penza
4.7
1.8
4.8
2.3
1.1
1.7
0.6
2.5
3.2
4.5
4.6
3.1
Rostov-na-Donu
4.1
3.6
3.3
0.9
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.7
3.8
6.2
Saratov
8.1
5.7
5.5
1.5
0.7
1.2
0.6
0.4
1.2
4.1
5.3
9.2
Sevastopol'
0.4
0.9
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.2
Smolensk
16.2
10.7
9.8
3.6
0.0
0.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
7.4
15.0
21.5
Stalingrad
3.1
2.5
2.3
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
3.2
6.1
Ufa
2.9
2.0
2.1
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
1.0
1.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
Velikiye Luki
9.8
5.3
6.5
2.0
1.7
1.0
2.5
2.4
3.8
9.7
11.5
11.7
Vologda
4.6
3.1
4.0
1.5
0.5
0.0
0.4
0.9
1.4
3.1
5.6
5.3
Voronezh
6.8
4.0
3.6
1.5
0.5
1.4
0.2
0.4
0.7
2.0
6.4
8.1
Kazan'
2.3
3.5
2.1
0.8
0.3
1.2
0.3
0.7
1.8
1,9
3.0
3.5
Kem'
5.4
3.6
2.7
0.9
1.2
0.6
1.0
1.2
1.2
Kerch'
2.9
4.1
2.2
2.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
4.4
4.1
Khar'kov
7.7
7.0
5.0
5.3
1.6
1.7
0.6
0.5
1.0
3.0
8.6
11.2
Kiyev
3.9
1.7
2.2
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.4
5.4
Leningrad
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.2
Minsk
6.5
6.1
5.5
4.3
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.8
3.4
6.0
10.5
13.1
Moskva
5.1
3.3
4.1
1.5
0.3
0.2
0.6
1.2
1.0
2.6
5.0
7.5
Odessa
2.9
1.5
1.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
1.0
3.5
3.1
Penza
4.8
1.5
2.4
1,3
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.4
1.3
2.6
4.4
2.4
Rostov-na-Donu
3.4
4,1
3.6
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.2
5.6
Saratov
7.2
5.8
5.7
1.8
0.9
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.6
3.1
3.9
7.6
Sevastopol'
0.0
1.2
1.0
0.9
1.3
0,4
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.4
1.4
Smolensk
15.0
9.4
10.9
2.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
5.1
15.8
19.5
Stalingrad
2.5
1.7
2.0
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0,0
0.0
1.3
2.9
Ufa
4.6
3.6
3.5
1.7
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.0
0.4
3.0
3.7
4.7
Velikiye Luki
10.1
8.3
6.3
2.3
1.3
0.4
1.7
0.9
1.9
6.1
9.7
12.5
Vologda
3.9
2.9
3.3
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.2
1.4
2.2
4.6
4.5
Voronezh
7.2
3.9
5.7
1.8
9.2
0.7
0.0
0.4
0.2
1.6
4.4
8.3
Original
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 Page V-50
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
YR
REC
Kazan'
18.3
14.4 .
12,3
10.8
7,9
7.0
6.0
10.2
12.4
17.7
17.1
15.6
Kern'
13,6
13.4
13.2
10.4
12.9
9.1
12.8
12.6
14,4
Kerch'
22.3
20.7
17.1
15.7
10.7
5.5
5.4
5.0
7.2
13.0
16.6
24.0
Khar'kov
23.9
16.1
14.4
11.9
6.3
8,2
5,9
6.5
6.7
14.3
17,7
24.7
Kiyev
22.7
17.6
14.8
10.5
6.1
5.4
6.3
8.4
8.4
15.5
20.7
23.1
Leningrad
21.4
19.1
18.8
13.0
10.7
6.5
10.4
10.0
13.5
Minsk
22.3
20.9
16.0
16.5
8.4
9,4
10.5
13.8
16.2
22.3
23.0
24.1
Moskva
23,3
17.8
19,0
14.9
9,5
9.0
9.0
11.8
13.4
22.4
23.7
24.0
Odessa
22.9
14.8
13.0
10.8
7.5
4.9
3.0
4.1
4,2
13.0
20.4
24,0
Penza
20.7
15.3
18.7
13,0
8.3
8.6
7.1
11.3
12,3
17.5
20.5
21.4
Rostov-na-Donu
22,1
17.9
14,8
12.1
5.8
6.1
3.4
4.0
4.7
13.8
17,5
21.8
Saratov
21,0
15.6
18,0
11.4
6,6
7.6
6.2
6.4
8.7
12.9
19.1
20.5
Sevastopol'
18.7
18.0
12,2
9.7
9,0
5.8
2.9
3.3
3.6
10.5
11,9
17.6
Smolensk
22,8
22.6
19.5
11.9
6.0
6.3
10,0
12.5
12,5
21.2
27.0
27,5
Stalingrad
21.8
19.3
15.9
9,0
4,8
6.8
2.5
4.3
4.4
11,0
16.5
22.1
Ufa
11.8
8,0
9.2
4.6
6.8
4,9
4.4
4.0
5.8
12.9
12.6
14.0
Velikiye Luki
23.3
20.9
17.4
14.6
11.5
6.5
12.5
13.9
12.3
21.8
23.1
25.1
Vologda
24.8
19,0
21.2
13.9
10.6
9.6
12.0
14,7
18.7
22.8
24.8
24.8
Voronezh
22.7
17,5
15,7
11.6
8.2
7.6
4.2
8.4
7.9
12.1
20.1
24.4
Kazan'
17.4
9.2
10.0
10.6
10.1
10.9
10.5
10,9
10.5
19.0
17.1
14.5
Kem'
18.2
13,9
14.5
11.9
13.5
10.1
10.2
11.9
16.1
Kerch'
21.0
18.7
14,0
11.6
7.3
8.0
7,9
7.8
5.8
11.6
17.3
22.1
Khar'kov
20,4
15.0
15.4
16.0
11.4
13.9
11,5
11.7
6.3
13.5
19.3
23.0
Kiyev
21.9
17,0
13.1
14.4
9,4
8.9
11,6
13.3
7.4
13.9
21.8
22.9
Leningrad
21.5
15.3
15.9
12.7
10.6
7.0
11.9
10,0
11,7
.
Minsk
20.2
16.3
14.8
17,2
13.3
15,9
13.3
18,0
17.2
20.3
22.3
24.1
Moskva
22.5
14.1
15,3
16.4
12.3
12,8
15.6
15.8
14.7
20.1
22.3
24.5
Odessa
20.2
13.1
12.2
9.4
5.8
5.0
2.8
5,2
6.6
9,6
20.1
20.6
Penza
21.7
12.6
13.6
13.5
15.0
12.4
12.3
13.4
11.5
15.5
19.1
20.1
Rostov-na-Donu
20.1
15.3
13.4
11,1
5.5
7.3
5,8
5.3
4.8
11,1
15.3
20.0
Saratov
20.0
12.4
13.8
13.0
11.5
12.9
8.9
8.6
10,4
12.8
16.3
18.4
Sevastopol'
17.6
17,1
9.9
7,7
5.4
4,7
3.5
4,2
4.5
8.7
10.8
16.1
Smolensk
21.8
19.3
18.0
16.6
10.0
11.1
12.2
15.2
13.0
21.0
25.5
27.0
Stalingrad
19.6
15.5
12.5
11.5
5.8
11,3
6.4
6.6
5.5
8.0
15.5
20.7
Ufa
10,6
5.2
7.5
8.1
11.2
8.0
8,6
8.3
9,7
14.2
11,9
11.6
Velikiye Luki
22.1
16.7
15.9
11.4
14.7
13.2
15,7
15.7
14.6
21,9
23.7
26.3
Vologda
23.5
16.5
17.3
15.1
15,6
12.3
13.8
15.3
18.3
23.6
23.0
24.5
Voronezh
21.1
12.6
14.4
15.9
7.9
15.7
11.7
14.4
11.9
14.4
20.2
23.2
Kazan'
16,3
10.6
12.1
10.6
9.1
8.2
- 5.5
8.9
11.1
16.4
16.6
15.4
Kem'
13.9
11.1
12,8
9,1
9.7
7.5
6.8
7.8
13,1
Kerch'
20.4
19.7
14.6
12.7
8.3
5.1
3.2
3.7
4.9
11.3
16.2
21.8
Khar'kov
20.1
15.2
15.0
13.2
5.8
6.7
4.1
6.4
5.6
10.7
17.1
23.8
Kiyev
20.5
14,0
13.5
12.6
7.0
6.0
5.2
7.3
6.6
10.7
18.8
23.6
Leningrad
20.2
16.6
15.2
11.3
9.1
6.1
7.3
8.9
11.4
Minsk
20.1
18.0
15.2
12.5
7.5
10.2
12.0
11,0
12,7
18.5
21.9
23.1
Moskva
20.2
16,0
14.9
14.7
10.2
7.6
7.8
10.7
12.9
19.2
22.3
21,3
Odessa
19.1
11.1
10.9
8.6
5,1
3.4
2.8
4.4
4.7
10.0
16.1
19.3
Penza
19.9
11,8
13.6
14.2
11.2
9.0
8.3
7.6
10.3
12.5
17.6
20.0
Rostov-na-Donu
18.7
17,0
12.3
9.6
3.7
6.2
4.1
3.1
3.7
8.8
13.0
19.8
Saratov
19.8
13.6
15.4
12.4
6.9
7.8
6.8
7.2
7.2
10.5
14.3
18.0
Sevastopol'
15.0
15.2
8,8
1.8
6,7
3.5
1,8
3.6
4.9
7.4
7.6
13.4
Smolensk
22,2
19.7
16.8
12.2
5.0
5.5
6.8
10,0
8.1
19.1
24.9
26.0
Stalingrad
19.1
16.0
12,6
9.9
5.2
9.1
3.8
5.3
3.6
6.9
12.9
19.6
Ufa
10.5
7,4
8.2
6.5
6,9
5.8
2.9
3.1
7.3
12.1
13.6
12.8
Velikiye Luki
19.7
17.4
16,8
13.9
12.9
6.5
10.2
10.8
11,3
18,5
19.8
23.4
Vologda
22,6
14.0
18.1
12.4
11.5
8.4
11.1
11.8
13.4
23.6
23.5
23.6
Voronezh
20,5
13.9
14.4
13.4
12.9
8.8
6.0
8.3
7.7
12,8
18.4
23.0
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
G. Thunderstorms and turbulence
Turbulence at higher levels is largely a result of con-
vective activity. Data on thunderstorm frequency (TABLE
V-37) give some indications of occurrence of intense con-
vection.
Mechanical turbulence in the surface layers is related
to wind speed and roughness of terrain. It may occur
in clear or cloudy weather and is most intense in winter
when wind speeds are generally highest. Thermal tur-
bulence begins when the ground becomes warm in spring;
it is most intense in summer and in the south.
Page V-51
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Arkhangel'sk
0
0
0
0
1,5
2.2
5.2
2,4
0.3
0
0
0
11.6
12
Astrakhan'
0
0
0
0.2
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.1
0.4
0
0
0
7.5
18
Helsinki
0
0
0
0.3
2
2
4
3
0.8
0.2
0.1
0
12
31
Kazan'
0
0
0
0
2
5
7
4
1
0
0
0
19
18
K em'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.1
1.6
4.3
1.7
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
18
Khar'kov
0
0
0
1
5
8
6
4
1
0
0
0
25
18
Kishinev
2.9
0.0
0.1
0.8
2.6
4.1
2.8
1.6
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
15.7
34
Kiyev
0
0
0
1
5
7
6
3
1
0
0
0
23
18
Kola
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.8
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.7
18
Kuybyshev
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.7
3.0
2.4
1.2
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
10.3
11
Leningrad
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
2.0
3.2
4.3
3.6
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.1
18
Mezen'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
1.4
3.2
1.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
18
Minsk
0
0
0
0
3
5
4
4
1
0
0
0
17
15
Moskva
0
0
0
0
3
5
6
3
1
0
0
0
18
18
Odessa
0
0
0
0
2
6
4
3
1
1
0
0
17
18
Onega
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
1.5
2.9
1.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
19
Pinsk
0
0
0
1.0
2.2
3.0
5.4
4.0
1.4
0
0
0
17.0
5
Riga
0.1
0
0
0.5
2.7
2.8
2.3
4.6
1.7
0.2
0.2
0.1
15.2
12
Rostov-na-Donu
0.1
0.0
0,1
0.3
3.2
6.4
4.9
2.9
0.9
0.6
0.1
0.0
19.5
18
Saratov
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
2.8
5.5
5.0
3.8
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
18.4
17
Sevastopol'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.6
1.5
1.4
0.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
6.4
17
Smolensk
0
0
0
0.2
3.2
3,6
4.2
2.9
1.3
0
0
0
15.4
12
Sortavala
0
0
0
0.4
1
2
4
2
0.4
0
0
0
10
31
Stalingrad
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.9
3.5
2.4
1.9
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
10.6
12
Tambov
0
0
0
1
4
9
7
4
2
0
0
0
27
17
Ufa
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.7
5.2
8.4
9.2
5.7
1.6
0.7
0.1
0.1
31.9
12
Uman'
0
0
0
1
8
10
9
5
1
1
0
0
35
18
Velikiye Luki
0
0
0
0
3
4
4
3
1
0
0
0
15
18
Vil'nyus
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
2.3
2.4
3.5
1.9
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
11.5
Vologda
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
3.3
4.2
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.9
18
Voronezh
0
0
0
1.2
2.5
4.7
6.2
1.8
1.2
0.2
0
0
17.8
6
Warszawa
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.9
3.2
4.1
4.2
3.6
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
17.7
Original
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 Page V-52
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
H. Visibility
TABLES V-38 through V-43 give data on visibility and
factors greatly affecting visibility such as fog, blizzards,
smoke and haze, and hail.
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
YR
REC
Kazan'
5.9
7.0
4.7
3.3
0.3
1.0
2.7
2.2
1.8
3.7
3.0
3.9
Kem'
4,1
5.8
6.3
3.3
3.0
2.6
1.5
2.6
3.2
Kerch'
4.8
10,5
7.1
4.5
4.0
2.8
1.0
1.2
2.1
4.8
4.1
6.4
Khar'kov
12.5
10.5
3.5
1.0
2.6
3,2
6.3
9.0
11,8
13.0
Kiyev
5.7
7.5
6.2
2.5
1.0
0.6
0.6
1.2
2,6
7.1
11.4
9.8
Leningrad
2.0
7.0
8.1
6.0
2.2
1.0
1.8
2.4
3.6
Minsk
6.1
5.8
5,9
3,3
1.0
0.7
1.6
1.1
5.3
10.0
9.0
10.8
Moskva
12.3
12.0
17.0
8.2
3.6
1.5
5.0
5.0
4.6
8.5
11.1
11.8
Odessa
8,8
11.2
10.9
4.2
6.7
9.3
10.0
8.8
16.7
5.0
24.1
Penza
8.6
7.7
10.1
5.4
3.1
1.4
1.5
5.2
3.6
5.1
5.9
7.3
Rostov-na-Donu
6.4
10.9
10.6
5.0
1.4
3.8
2.9
3.2
4.6
8.5
8.3
7.7
Saratov
6.2
7.3
8.7
2.2
0.2
1.1
0.2
0.8
1.6
5.5
4.7
8.0
Smolensk
7.8
11.2
7,4
4.0
0.5
1.5
1.0
3.5
3,5
7.9
10.5
9.5
Stalingrad
7.6
10.5
9.4
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.9
3.9
5.8
7.3
Ufa
7.8
8.1
5.8
3.7
0.7
0.7
1.1
1.8
2.6
5.2
4.6
6.1
Velikiye Luki
1.6
3.8
2.9
2.4
1.3
0.7
1,7
2.8
3.0
4.0
2.6
2.5
Vologda
3.0
6.4
6.9
7.6
1.7
1.9
3.1
8.5
5.1
5.5
4,2
6.0
Voronezh
3.3
3,8
6.6
2.2
0,8
0.6
0.4
1.2
1.3
3.2
3.7
4.4
Kazan'
3.1
5,1
1.3
1,0
0.4
0,3
0.6
0.9
0.5
1.6
2.7
5.4
Kem'
3.0
3.8
4.4
2.2
1.3
0.9
0.8
0.6
1,0
Kerch'
6.0
8.4
3.3
0.6
1,0
0.7
0.6
1,2
1.1
1.5
2.3
3.7
Khar'kov
7.0
6.5
1.5
0.0
1.7
1.0
1.0
0.6
4,5
8.8
Kiyev
7.8
4.8
2.6
0.6
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.1
7.0
8.9
Leningrad
4.4
5,1
5.3
2.0
1.2
0.8
0.4
1,0
1.3
,.
Minsk
6?4
4.1
3.4
1.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.8
2.6
6.0
7.9
Moskva
12.5
9.1
5.8
3.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
2.5
9,0
9.7
Odessa
10.0
11.0
9.2
1.6
7.8
3.4
20.7
7.2
10.0
22,2
Penza
6.9
5.4
3,4
0.9
1.0
0.3
0.7
1.1
1.3
1.7
3.1
6.6
Rostov-na-Donu
5.7
6.6
4.7
1.0
0,5
0.6
1,1
0,7
0.4
0.5
3.4
6.5
Saratov
7,3
5.3
3.6
1.0
0.3
0.6
0.2
1.0
0.7
2.9
4.4
6.8
Smolensk
7.5
10.5
5.1
2.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0,0
2.0
4.0
15.0
Stalingrad
7.8
4.7
3.4
0,7
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.3
4.1
6.6
Ufa
8.5
6.2
3.3
1.2
0.2
0.8
1.5
0.9
0.5
2.0
3.1
6.6
Velikiye Luki
3.5
3.3
1.8
0.6
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.2
0.6
1.2
4.4
Vologda
5.6
6.2
3.2
3.0
0.2
1.4
1.4
3.7
2.0
4.1
4.7
6.3
Voronezh
2.8
3.3
2.3
1.3
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.9
0.9
2.5
4.7
Kazan'
4,1
5,3
2.6
1.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
1.2
0,6
1.5
3.2
2,8
Kem'
4.0
4.0
5.4
2.8
1,4
1.2
1.2
2.2
2.5
Kerch'
7.9
6.5
7.9
1.4
2.3
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.4
1.6
1.8
3.2
Khar'kov
5.5
7.5
2.0
0.0
0.2
1.7
1.0
4.4
4.4
8,3
Kiyev
5.6
3,9
2.2
0.6
1.1
0,4
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.9
4.0
7.8
Leningrad
3.3
3.0
7.0
1.8
0.6
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.6
.
Minsk
5.0
2.5
2.9
2.0
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.7
2.3
5.9
8.2
Moskva
11.6
10.1
9.6
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.0
1.0
1.5
9,5
12.0
Odessa
10.5
7.2
11.4
2.4
4.4
6.0
15.5
4.3
Penza
7.1
5.8
8.0
2.6
0,2
0.2
1.4
1.4
2.3
3.0
4.3
7,1
Rostov-na-Donu
4.6
4.3
3.3
1.1
1.1
0.4
1.0
0.4
0.2
1.0
1.7
3.6
Saratov
4.4
6.6
5.3
1,4
0.0
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.4
2.8
3.7
5.5
Smolensk
5.6
8,0
3.3
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0,0
0.5
1.6
5.0
12.5
Stalingrad
4.9
4.6
3.3
1.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.4
0,2
0.8
1.4
3.7
Ufa
5.9
3.3
2.4
0.9
0.4
0.9
0.7
1.4
0.3
1.4
2.1
4.9
Velikiye Luki
3.7
3.4
2.0
1.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
1.7
0.9
3.2
Vologda
4.5
4.7
4.4
2.8
1.2
0.9
1.4
3,6
1.1
2.9
3.5
4.8
Voronezh
2,5
1.6
2.9
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.4
1.1
1,2
1.4
4.1
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4 Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-53
YR
REC
Kazan'
11.1
11.7
10.3
6.9
2.9
3.2
4.0
6~7
4.9
8.0
6.6
8.9
Kem'
7.0
9.4
10.7
6.1
4.9
4.3
5.6
6.4
6.0
Kerch'
11.2
14.2
12.4
8.8
8,1
4,1
3.0
4.0
4.0
10.8
8.8
11.7
Kharkov
15.5
16.5
6.5
4.2
6.8
8.7
12.1
12.4
18.1
17.6
Kiyev
16.3
13.9
10,3
8.3
4.0
5.4
3.0
9.7
8.8
16.6
20.3
19.9
Leningrad
7.0
13.8
13,2
9.1
4.6
2.5
4.6
5.8
7.1
Minsk
14.9
12,3
11.6
9.4
13.4
1.0
3.8
5.0
12.1
16.1
14.9
16,4
Moskva
17.7
18.5
19.9
12.3
4.1
4.5
7.2
8.5
9.2
12.4
16.9
16,6
Odessa
19.2
17.4
19.3
7.7
10.7
16.8
11.0
13.2
16.7
15.0
24.1
Penza
20.1
14.9
7.5
12.8
6.8
5.0
5.7
8.7
7.7
11.2
13.3
16.4
Rostov-na-Donu
14.4
19.0
17,8
11.8
8.8
12.7
8.2
9.0
10.0
15.6
14.9
13.1
Saratov
11.3
12.2
12.3
5.7
1.9
2.0
1.7
3.3
3.3
7.8
8.6
12.0
Smolensk
9,9
17.0
11.1
8.1
1.0
2.0
4.2
5.0
6.0
15.1
16.5
13.5
Stalingrad
15.9
16.7
15.9
4.4
2.2
1.0
1.4
0.4
1.4
6.8
8.2
11.5
Ufa
16.1
13.3
8.0
7.0
1.2
3.3
3.3
6.8
5.3
10.2
8.7
14.6
Velikiye Luki
4.5
6.8
6.7
4.9
2.2
0.9
2.8
5.4
5.3
7.7
7.0
6.4
Vologda
16.9
17.8
18.0
13.9
6.7
5.4
10.4
15.4
10.7
16.4
16.5
10.2
Voronezh
7.3
7.7
10.3
3,9
1.2
0.8
0.6
2.7
3.8
5.5
7.9
7.8
Kazan'
10.1
9.3
4.1
2.4
1.8
2.0
1.7
3,0
1.9
3.8
6.8
12.1
Kem'
6.9
8.5
8.2
4.3
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.8
.
Kerch'
11.8
11.8
7.9
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.6
1.5
2.8
4.9
10.3
Khar'kov
10.5
8.5
4.0
0.0
3.9
2.7
3.3
0.9
5.5
11.8
K iy ev
17.9
11.6
8.7
4.2
1.8
1.0
0.8
2.3
1.5
7.3
15.6
18.4
Leningrad
10,6
10.8
9.4
3.8
1.4
1.9
0.9
1.9
3.5
Minsk
14.1
9.0
6.3
4.3
1,4
1.3
0.7
1.1
3.0
6.5
11.7
15.2
Moskva
20.0
14.1
9,0
4.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
4.0
1.5
5.5
14.0
16.3
Odessa
7.0
6.4
5.1
2.0
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.7
1.4
2.6
3.4
6.0
Penza
19.4
11.5
13.4
12.4
13.3
10.3
10.6
10.8
10.1
13.7
18.0
18.5
Rostov-na-Donu
12,1
12.0
10.2
3.9
2.6
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.2
3.6
6.8
13.2
Saratov
12.1
10.8
6.9
2.5
0.8
1.8
1.2
2.0
1.3
4.5
6.3
11.7
Smolensk
12.5
13.0
7.2
3.2
1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
5.6
13.5
20.0
Stalingrad
12.3
7.4
6.1
1.9
1.2
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.7
1.7
5.1
9.8
Ufa
14.7
11.7
7.1
2.4
1.9
2,0
2.2
4.1
1.7
5.9
6.3
12.2
Velikiye Luki
6.2
5.9
4.2
1.1
0.2
1.0
0.9
1.7
1.1
2.1
3.1
8.1
Vologda
18.5
16.3
14.6
11.0
4.0
4.8
8.0
9.0
7.8
13.0
13.7
15.9
Voronezh
7.1
5.8
5.5
2.5
1.1
0.7
0.7
1.4
2.1
2.3
4.5
7.7
Kazan'
9.5
9.7
7.6
5.7
2.2
2.0
1.4
3.8
2.7
2.8
6.6
8.0
Kem'
7,3
7.3
8.4
4.4
3.4
2.5
2.2
4.3
5.3
Kerch'
14,0
12.5
11,9
4.8
3.1
0.8
0.9
1.5
1.5
2.7
4.1
7.1
Kharkov
9.5
10.5
3.0
0.5
3.7
6.0
5.4
7.2
9.2
11.7
Kiyev
17.0
10.3
9.3
9.0
2.6
2.6
1.7
3.2
6.4
5.8
13.1
18.1
Leningrad
8.9
8.3
10.8
4.5
1.2
2.0
1.9
2.4
2.6
?
Minsk
12.2
7.9
7.7
4.0
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.2
2.8
6.6
10.6
15.0
Moskva
18.2
13.7
15.7
7.0
0.0
0.5
3.0
4.0
3.5
6.0
14.0
16.5
Odessa
17.5
11.3
18.5
6.1
7.7
8.0
25.8
..
,.
8.6
Penza
18.4
16.9
15.1
7.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
3.0
8.6
12.2
11.5
18.3
Rostov-na-Donu
7.1
7.6
5.7
6.4
3.3
3.0
2.5
4.2
3.2
3.5
4.1
6.1
Saratov
10.4
11.0
8,9
2.6
0.5
0.7
1.7
1.7
0.9
4.0
5.3
10.1
Smolensk
9,7
13.2
6.5
1.5
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
2.5
5.2
10.6
18.5
Stalingrad
9,3
7.7
6.1
3.3
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.6
0.2
1.7
2.4
5.8
Ufa
16.6
11.8
7.0
3.4
1.2
2.3
1.2
4.9
2.4
3.9
6.5
12.9
Velikiye Luki
7.0
6.0
3.8
1.7
0.9
0.5
1.1
0.4
1.4
4.1
2.4
6,9
Vologda
18.1
15.0
13.4
10.4
5.4
3.8
0.7
9.1
7.2
14.5
16.3
16.1
Voronezh
5.5
4.3
7.2
2.4
0.7
0.2
1.0
1.4
2.3
2.8
2.2
6.8
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Page V-54
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
JANIS 40
TABLE V - 40
MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS WITH FOG*
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
REC
Arkhangel'sk
3.0
3.0
3.1
1.8
0.7
0.4
1.3
1.7
1.9.
3.7
2.5
3.5
26.6
10
Astrakhan'
4.2
4.5
3.2
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
5.0
4.1
6.1
28.9
10
Helsinki
9
8
9
8
4
2
2
2
7
10
8
8
77
36
Kazan'
1
2
3
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
16
10
Kem'
0.7
1.3
1.8
1.3
1.6
0.7
1.6
3.0
1.9
1.7
0.7
0.5
16.8
10
Kerch'
4
5
'6
2
0,9
0.3
0.4
0.5
2
5
6
5
37
10
Khar'kov,
3
4
4
1
0
0
0
1
2
4
4
4
27
10
Kishinev
6.7
7.8
6.1
2.7
1.6
1.4
1.3
2.4
2.9
6,6
8.0
8.1
55.6
25
Kiyev
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
23.0
18
Kola
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.4
1.0
0.8
2.7
4.2
2.1
1.3
1.6
1,0
16.4
10
Kuybyshev
0.2
1.5
3.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.2
4.8
2.2
2.5
20.4
4
Leningrad
3.0
3.9
4.2
4.4
1.6
1.0
1.2
3.4
6,9
6.5
4.6
5.1
45.8
10
Mezen'
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.7
1.1
0.0
0.0
3.2
7
Minsk
7
6
6
2
1
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
51
10
Moskva
1.8
1.8
2.2
2.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.7
2.0
4.2
3.4
2.8
22.0
10
Nikolayev
5
5
4
2
1
0.3
0
0.2
1
4
6
6
35
14
Odessa
8
9
8
3
2
0
0
0
3
8
9
11
61
10
Ostrov Kolguyev
2
3
3
5
6
12
14
12
5
3
4
2
71
Ostrov Vaygach
6
8
9
10
10
15
19
19
12
6
4
5
123
Riga
4.2
3,7
7.0
5.4
1.3
1.0
0.4
1.8
4.8
6.4
5.8
5.8
47,6
10
Rostov-na-Donu
5,1
4.2
4.3
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.7
3.7
5.7
7.2
33.2
10
Saratov
6.5
6.9
7.7
4.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.0
5.0
7.9
7.1
47.3
10
Sevastopol'
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.3
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.1
1.1
7.8
10
Smolensk
1.2
1.3
1.9
1.2
0.3
0.1
1.2
1.5
1.6
3.2
4.1
2.6
20.2
10
Sortavala
1
0.9
3
2
2
5
0.8
0.4
3
4
3
1
20
36
Stalingrad
1,3
3.0
3.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
2.8
4.4
17.4
4
Taganrog
5
5
5
2
0.2
0
0
0
0.5
4
7
9
38
10
Tallinn
6
8
5
6
2
3
4
6
6
7
7
5
65
15
Tambov
3
3
4
2
0
1
1
1
3
7
4
5
34
9
Ufa
0.9
0.1
0,7
1.3
0.4
0.1
0,6
1.1
1,1
1.4
1.4
0.3
9.4
10
Uman'
6
7
7
2
0
1
0
1
1
6
6
9
46
10
Velikiye Luki
2
2
1
0
0
0
1
1
3
2
2
1
15
8
Vologda
0.0
0.1
0.3
1.3
0.4
0.1
0.1
1.1
1.1
1.7
0.6
0.2
7.0
10
Voronezh
1.3
2.1
2.8
2.4
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.1
2.2
3.0
3.6
18.5
8
Vyborg
2
2
2
2
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.8
3
3
3
2
21
40
MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS WITH BLIZZARDS*
(1300 Observation)
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Astrakhan'
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
Kazan'
2.4
1.8
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.5
13.8
7
Kem'
2.3
2.5
3.1
1.1
0,5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
2.1
3.3
15.0
9
Khar'kov
0.3
0.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
2.0
9
Kiyev
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5
Kola
0.7
1.6
1.4
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.2
6.5
9
Kursk
2.7
2.4
1.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
3.4
11.9
9
Leningrad
0.2
'1.0
0:2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1.4
9
Lubny
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.6
1.4
9
Mezen'
2.0
1.4
2.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.9
1.3
8.9
9
Minsk
1.2
2.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
3.7
5
Moskva
0.7
0.2
0.9
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.2
3.1
8
Odessa
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
9
Penza
2.1
3.3
1,5
0.3
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0:1
0.6
1,6
9.5
9
Petrozavodsk
4;8
4.0
4.6
1.6
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
2.6
3.5
23.1
9
Pinsk**
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
Riga**
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
2,5
8
Rostov-na-Donu
2.0
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.9
4.5
9
Saratov
1.1
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
1.2
4,3
9
Sevastopol'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5
Smolensk
1.2
1.6
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
1.5
6.0
9
Stalingrad
2.3
1.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
5.6
5
Ufa
2.5
1.7
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.1
1,4
2.4
9.4
9
Uman'
1.3
2.2
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
1.8
6.8
9
Ural'sk
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
2.4
9
Velikiy Ustyug
0.9
3.3
3.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.2
1.1
9.0
5
Velikiye Luki
0,5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
2.5
5
Vologda
2.6
3.7
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.6
1.8
11.8
9
Vyshniy Volochek
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.8
2.4
9
* Visibility limits not defined.
** 1400 observation.
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Page V-55
MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS WITH SMOKE AND HAZE*
(1300 Observation)
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
YR
REC
Astrakhan'
'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0
0
0
1
9
Kazan
'
1.8
0?5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0
7
.
3
2
7
K em
'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0
0
.
0
0
9
Khar
kov
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
.
0
7
9
Kiyev
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0,2
0,0
.
1
4
5
Kola
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0,0
0.0
0.0
.
0
0
9
Kursk
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0,8
0,3
0.6
1.3
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
.
4,2
9
Leningrad
'
0.3
0.8
1.6
1.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
2.7
0.7
0.3
1,1
0.7
12
2
5
Mezen
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
1
0
9
Minsk
1.6
0,3
0.7
0,2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
1.5
0.4
0,9
.
6
0
5
Moskva
0,2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0
6
.
1
5
8
Odessa
0.1
0,1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
.
0.0
.
0
9
9
Penza
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.6
0,4
1.6
0.1
0.7
0.1
0
0
.
4
3
9
Petrozavodsk
**
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
.
0
0
,
0
1
9
Pinsk
*
1.3
1.4
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.8
0
7
.
1
2
.
7
4
10
Riga
*
5.0
1.7
2.4
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.8
1.1
2.0
.
3.1
.
4
4
,
22
0
8
Rostov-na-Donu
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
.
0
0
.
0
6
9
Saratov
Sevastopol'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
.
1.9
9
Smolensk
0.0
0
5
0.0
0
0
0.0
0
0
0.0
0
0
0.2
0
0
0.0
0
0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,7
5
Stalingrad
.
0.3
.
0.0
.
0.5
.
1.4
.
0,5
.
0
2
0.0
0
4
0.3
1
1
0.0
0
5
0.0
0
2
0.1
0
0
0,1
0
1.0
9
Ufa
'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
,
0.4
.
0.2
.
0.9
.
0.0
.
0.1
.
0
0
.0
0
1
5.1
1
9
5
9
Uman
Ural'sk
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
.
0.0
9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
7
9
Velikiy Ustyug
0.2
0.4
0.7
0?0
0.0
0.0
0.6
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
.
0
0
.
4
3
5
Velikiye Luki
1.1
0.9
1.6
0.5
0.0
0,2
0.7
0.2
0.5
1.4
0.2
.
0
7
.
8
0
5
Vologda
Vyshniy Volochek
0.1
0
0
0.1
0
0
0.0
0
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
.
0.0
.
0.7
9
*
.
.
.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.1
9
Visibility limits not defined.
** 1400 observation.
STATION
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANN
REC
Astrakhan'
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,0
9
Helsinki
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.6
1.0
0.6
0
8
8
0
31
Kazan'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
.
0
0
7
Kem'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0,0
0
0
.
0
5
12
Khar'kov
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
.
0,0
9
Kishinev
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0,2
0,1
0.0
0.0
0,0
1.6
31
Kiyev
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
1,5
12
Kola
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
9
Leningrad
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0
0
0
3
14
Mezen'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
.
0,0
.
0.0
9
Minsk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0
6
5
Moskva
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
.
0
0
8
Odessa
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.2
0,1
0.0
.
0
3
9
Penza
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
.
0
1
9
Petrozavodsk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0,1
0.1
0.0
0.0
.
0
2
9
Pinsk
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
,
1
7
13
Riga
0.0
0,1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
,
0
2
8
Rostov-na-Donu
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
.
1
0
9
Saratov
Sevastopol'
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.2
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.1
0
7
0
8
5
Smolensk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0
0
.
0
0
9
Sortavala
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.2
.
0
1
.
4
0
31
Stalingrad
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0
0
.
0
0
5
Ufa
Uman'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
,
0.0
.
0,0
9
Ural'sk
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0,0
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
1
9
Velikiy Ustyug
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
.
0
2
5
V elikiy a Luki
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.2
.
0
2
5
Vologda
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0
0
9
Warszawa
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.1
0.7
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
.
2.5
3
Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 25X1X7
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 EUROPEAN
U.S.S.R.
STATION
LOCATION
MAP
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
ONE
HELSINKI
(H EL SINGFORSI
WARS AWA
O(WA 5AW)
-,: OROSYOV -
TAGANROG
OSIROV
,VAYGAD
r1
JNDARIES `?~
InNrnohonaI,W37
U S.S. K,1946 / r ?
JANIS ~?~
IRAN `..
!-A f`I AtVflD7a_nI i AA A ninnn1 nnnc
FIGURE V-31
STATION LOCATION MAP
JANIS 40
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Table
V - 9 Mean number of days with specified pre-
Page
Table Page
V-27 Mean number of days with gales (velocity
32 m.p.h.) . . . . . . . . . . V-32
V-28 Percentage frequency of surface winds of
Beaufort force and direction at specified
hours (L.S.T.) . . . . . . . . . V-33
V-29 Mean cloudiness (%) . . . . . . . V-45
V-30 Mean cloudiness (%) at specified hours . V-45
V-31 Mean number of clear days (0% to 207o
cloud cover) . . . . . . . . . . V-46
V- 32 Mean number of partly cloudy days (30%
to 70% cloud cover) . . . . . . . V-47
V- 33 Mean number of cloudy days (80 % to 100 %
cloud cover) . . . . . . . . . . V-47
V-34 Average number of days with ceiling less
than 600 feet at specified hours . . . V-48
V-35 Average number of days with ceiling less
than 1,000 feet at specified hours . . . V-49
V-36 Average number of days with ceiling less
than 8,000 feet at specified hours . . . V-50
V- 37 Mean number of days with thunderstorms V- 51
V- 38 Average number of days with visibility less
than 11/4 miles at specified hours . . . V-52
V- 39 Average number of days with visibility less
than 21/2 miles at specified hours . . . V-53
V-40 Mean number of days with fog . . . . V- 54
V-41 Mean number of days with blizzards . . V-54
V-42 Mean number of days with smoke and haze V-55
V - 43 Mean number of days with hail . . . . V- 55
cipitation amounts . . . . . . . . V-22
V -10 Maximum amount of precipitation in 24
hours in inches . . . . . . . . . V-23
V-11 Mean number of days with precipitation
reported but 24-hour amount less than
0.01 inch . . . . . . . . . . . V-23
V- 12 Mean number of days with snow . . . V- 24
V - 13 Mean snow cover in inches by 10-day
periods . . . . . . . . . . . . V - 24
V - 14 Mean and extreme dates of snow cover and
time of mean deepest snow cover . . . V-25
V - 15 Mean daily temperature (?F.) . . . . . V-25
V- 16 Mean daily maximum temperature (?F.) V-26
V- 17 Mean daily minimum temperature (?F.) V-26
V - 18 Absolute maximum temperature (?F.) . V - 27
V - 19 Absolute minimum temperature (?F.) . V - 27
V-20 Mean number of days with daily maximum
temperature - 32?F. . . . . . . . V-28
V - 21 Mean number of days with daily minimum
temperature .~ 32?F. . . . . . . . V-28
V-22 Mean and extreme dates of first and last
frost . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-29
V- 23 Mean relative humidity (%) . . . . . V-29
V- 24 Mean relative humidity (%) at specified
hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-30
V-25 Mean wind velocity (m.p.h.) . . . . . V- 31
V-26 Prevailing surface wind direction . . . V- 31
Published by
THE JOINT INTELLIGENCE STUDY PUBLISHING BOARD
Intelligence Division, War Department General Staff Office of Naval Intelligence
Office of Assistant Chief of Air Staff-2, Air Intelligence Division Office of the Chief of Engineers
Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Research and Intelligence
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Original Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010005-4
24 PRINTING OFFICE
Approved 14 For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A00020001060 $o"'14ENT-
8-1948