JANIS 156 CHAPTER XI HEALTH AND SANITATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01144A002600020001-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 129
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 29, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1945
• Content Type: REPORT

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CHAPTER XI
HEALTH AP,'D sM1I'.t'ATT[(
110? xtatraducMiot
The present che.p er is concerted vvith pub .i.c-health fpctors
which Influence health and ;apniteti.on, with ned.cnl facilities in
the wider s'nee, and with inforr:r?ti a about dinensee in the tree.
described by Celebes south of the equator, by the ? olukken TsIppds
south of the equator end exc?uc?ir Af*ln hsra, end by the islands of the
Panda Sea. Islands situated nlonr the coast of Celebe.i are Ioena,
Poetoenr, Selo je.r, Xebeeria end others e The lar'e 11-oluk3 en. lslends
included in this chapter ere Boeroe, Coratri, end Paboina
:ir.pos?ts st island oup;a which t :er selves Vire pia is of the
teolukksn Islra.nde include the Soela Islands, the, Arnhoina Arohipoingoa and
the PPt jnn Isirnds ?. Other .slonds in this survey, such as the Kei
Isl imds,, Aroe lulends, Toek rn beei Islrn ds, Ten.nhar Islrnds,, South-
eastsrn Tsiends and Southwestern Is1Pndo,; are ca neidpe eed by scan
?*eofraphers to be ports of the P olukken Islands p All these ialnndc,
before the Japanese invasion, were ?pprts of the ' Vef.haerlvnda it math es< o
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The envirwnenta1 factors comidercd in this survey include
rater suppl Rri, sesrr- ?e dthpo Px, r!ni ! 3.s thich can t r r;r-arit d1scase
to m..n, mid food,,
,ater is p1entMl in host oi' t?ecwr. rer IQris; thoso excepted are
i
the very ar!a.11 is1rndd, } nrt icu1r' ? .y in the souther tern pert of the
??eneraa3 erea. v The 1nrf cr islend1 as p.ve peresanni.a1 streLms; in the
sn tiller. islcnds rztrertr+s arty be : ser,aortsl only. pr .ng s, free-fioring
artessiAn ?rel.Ua, and sha11&7 wre~3.ls, v,'tdch In ccrtnin swa.ller islnnde
my contain hrrckish Teter., a ebur Varmarrhottt the r!ro a,, Ln.kes as~e
;enec nOn, eacee} t or Celebes. The enrtw 1 practpitntion, in rlc t pr its
of C gibes, is lee ev r; trmohir the other is1andso ospeci.al ly in tho South-
er:st, the rznm a1 rV nfai1 Va.r i 8 cdnsiderabiy. In r:sost ereaa, properI
constructed and 1ocatod ire l..s should produce Pdecu to cuc nt.iticrz of
potr.ble water, If, hov n r er , ,tarter is cht:ai ed fro n nourcea in or oloae
to vil.l rrea, It 2hota d be Civen careiul treatnent, includittC e1.1orincst'i=an,
bnfore it is eortsu"1od. Such detail na are given herein coneernIng;
triv'et' distribution systet73 re~pre s Bata Information that crag w ilrable aat
t, s?s tine the 3np nese Occupied tho p.;c-neral region Sri 1942; but in sore
inatpnees, in the sii# 11er 1.9]:nnr1s, such data, tven prior to 1942, were
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incmplete. The result is that A e.ocipleto picture of the situation ds
it nRy he encotrtereed to ny cennot the riven here.-in,
In c#lnos ? ll. the rnarril reriona of this aret the dispose.1 of
ae ialre is pr?initive. Veter-cerrtnre- disposal systems do not exist.
Pollution of the soil sho `id he con s:i.dercd to he the m is, not the
exception,, almotit everyv:here,.
Xnfornption eoncerninp the not datsrerotts vectors of disease is
believed to be rensonAb1ir accuratej, but prohph1y not conplete,
Georr?s y has i.ri Wised certain prob1 ms in thi re?s et j an o ?ren3 sri
definitely reported to exist on one island i3 not troeoes3nri .y absent
from Pd Vincent is1rrdsi yet, if it ha not, been reported from the letter
plnces,, it is of course impossible t. stete t,het it does occur "-,here
T1aksy fleas A.ne lice occur; reore species then t;hofscc r~entioned herein
mPy he encountered a:s dffferent isolrteect req,ions in this reneresl area
are entered., R& eat:t are n ?+erous? A nutu a.l reservoir of infection
prohrbly exists on Celebes, at least,
The native peoples of this .ant; U-e ? rma suhstsv lam ?Ply on either
rice or snro ) ., Cern7 fish and son ; anirsals are utilized as
fo d tuffs in vrricus rerlons T ~~'o r e.t::rsra ? cede nvnilnhle in 19)45
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indlcetes that since this area was occupied by the ~Topnnese,, under-
nourishrneznt, eanet1ia stud deficiency of the vitamin B ccrrrpiex have increased
she.rply.
'The rsed1cnI ane eanitary services of tho erer wr! re not edeciuftte,
even 'before trap Jr3penese ira'siono l?rforpnt ion aecured in 1945 tends
to shm thrt the situation rvy be even trorse nor; in liherrted sfictions
of 1'c r Guinea, for instmicei insfirunents, r.edicines nnti supplies have
vnn'.shed, such hoapithls e:s remin , tvrdlimr h??ve bccn stripi.iod of
furntshinre, re.?suures of aeriteryP ccrtrol routinely nppiied by the
rovernnent of the Ptetherlends Feat 1rr?iera live. not bccn conttnusd, and,
in n ny pleoes,, persons vho had auch dise99er as m1nr:sa, dysentery end
cert in other conditions n :ver wrre treated by thsa Jrphnese
Physicians in the area hefo e tho J peso invr+oton rere r-all.
twined, but fer too feel, Sore were iilitary Tiayrsfc:irnm; some sere
fovernient civil serk7rantz; some r-ere ratite redicel nrpct, tioners
educpted in the "et,t;Hr1 zdrs rtstTncl:"ao; sore r?ere niwsionnrie P
very few, situated in l'?n R eor on sere pri -ato p?s+ctit.ioteers
In near-b-sy liberated rreas of the licttierir?nds EPat. cues it wars
disreav red in 2-9i5 thpt only n1a ctu.a a ab;p of z~i Anomie es
trznctul.lr a noluccersis and d~. insulaafiorum are eapeeially likely to enter
A. ltus
purl tta a
houses. On Saparoea. and Toessal.aoet in the Anboina g "oup boi,h
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.
uoJ a~eu flnc . shar~rs,~arps~a are cerrjrion. n n roe co e, n this Froupo
the same anophelines are found, with the addition of A. suhpi tug
sub ictus. On Ceram Thland the chief vectors of :malaria are A.
punctuletus Mx ctuJ tus and A. netulatus moucc,ann n; nnssible vectors
there are A, subniatus suti Di p A. Ybarhumhrosus ard. A. vn us bus,
1'oreovera, A. Itu~ lo: ii (sundgicizs?) has been caupht near Piroe on
Ceram, the only place in the Netherlands cast Indies where this species
has been observed (Table XI-9).
(2) Seven different species of Asrias xrosquitoee have
been described from Celebes (Table XT-10).. Aedes neap and
albopictusA the two vectors of dengue fever, Are widespread. Ae, d
. p is a domestic moao
'nito. It breeds in WA '1 collectiOs of
rater,, and espneiaily in artificial collections, such as are formed in
tanks, roof /-utters, flower vases, or tin cans. The two species of,
P .r~soniq fourd in Celebes-4k.nsonie annulata and Y. ____ is--carp
carry rda3ch ereria iTt??ia i, hut are less efficient vectors of this parasite
than is Ano
flie1p Lirr. tr stri. s t+~+ )irostri.s. Aedcs scutel aR%z which
is a vector of ' uche:rer .a bncrofti in the Fiji : =?inndsO, is widely
distributed in the tlolukken Islands and eastern pert of the Benda Spa,
It breeds in such sites as brackish wrater, crab holes, puddles in coral
d depressions in_ old lava flows. Ledes it i7 , said to be
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islands, It breeds in fresh, brackish or even undiluted sea water.
If the wind is favorable, adult mosciuitoes can he carried as far as
10 to Wailes, or, in rere cr.ses, 40 to 50 riles. This mosquito is
anthropophilic in Australia, but seems not to he so in the PIetherlande
East Indies. Done of the 1'nn sonia noscuinoes are known to he vectors
of plchereira br nrfl in the Netherlands East Indies. In Table XI--11
are listed the culicin? mosquitoes of the 11olukken Islands and islands of the
eastern Fa.nda Sea.,
(3) Eleven different species of Culax have been
reported from Celebes alone (Table XI-10) a Culicine mosquitoes reported
fron the islands of Boetoenj- and Kabeena, off the southeastern coast of
Celebes, are listed in Table XI-12. Several important species of Cule c
occur in the $.rolukken Islnnds and islands of the vastern Banda Sea
(Table XI-11)
Gins' i.n fascinttus
(fad,, rns) is widespread in the rgolukken
Islands. It breeds near dwellings.. The larvae have been found in all
sorts of artificial acct relations of rater,, such as tanks) wells, pits,
water barrels, toilets,, fountains, cisterns, ponds, springs A canals and
ditches. Sternrnt water is preferred. The larvae can withstand a salt
concentration of Cal%. This species does not occur in jungles and
uninhabited areas,,-.
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In Ccra n, horrever, it has been observed only near the harbors and
is evidently of recent importation. Culex uic nru~?.;ascia u?sq which
in most places of the r7orl.d is the most active vector of +uhereria
hancrofti, is not an important vector in any part of the PJetherlands
Ecet Indies, It is least efficient in the eastern part of the archipelago,
In !terr C fdnea it has even been impossible to infect C. SLuinruefasoiatus
nrtificicllye In the r.olukken Islands it has been found naturally
infected but only to a very slight dcrree..,
Culex vishnui has been reported only from Pu boina Island. This
mosquito breeds in vr.ftous types of places,, such as lakes, backwaters,
small streams, drninaCe ditches, flooded grasslnnds , and irrigation
water on rice fields or lp.coons, It breeds infrequently in brackish
mater.. The adults are nnthropophilic and begin bitting as soon as the
sun sets.,
Experimental infection and complete development of larvae of
Ya'it k?=2_i have been obtained. in Q. fuscp;alas,
C . xrl itmam a ? Hsu +"o;s~3 : hyn~ st s, and C. iensl
None of these species has been found naturally infected.
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(b) Lice Pediculs hunnus cr itis, the head louse, is of
frequent occurrence) in Celebes, but the body louse, F. huranus cor ri.s
and the ptrhii.c louse, Ttiru:s nyjjis, fire rare. It is reported generally
that lice are nuw. rows In the x'olukkeri Islrnds and the Islands of the
epstern Panda Sea.; These lice presumably arc Pediculua cRitis, since
as a result of the scantiness of clothing anon the natives, Peciiclus
cor ris P.nd Phthirus ,pubis probably pre rare
(c) Plies. Misca ccnducens, M. ventrosa, M. vetustisa , and.
I. xathor Alas have been reported from Celebes. Others ere Hersimp-3..~I. s
if Murri~ens, Caiusa isdica end Chr_,}saj yn racs~ nlq
It seems probable that. most of the flies of .lava would also be fond in
Celebes. Therefore, j sca so~Pns', LI. crnssirost sy T;.. alanice , and
j. cprina can also he expected, together with Orthclliax chill bean
In the harbors yr?~ich have regular contacts with the outside world,
occasional specimens of V. donestica, liay he found, Of the bloodsucking
flies, 1P
!)Rap's at inaculetius, Z. f?ctiosua, T. c?.vlorL ., T. f7.e i7.~~s
T. humiilkus, T. it zxtus, Z. prig xii.Aus, Z. reducer,, Z. spec um?
1. Lr_t ? ensI , T. furtifer, 1'. fuscic.eucia, Z. iNvanis, 1 .inaegueannul a us,
T. inc1 innus, T. rufiventris, Z. striptus, T. xati, T. 212tptus, Z. rifg6.cY a3,
T succurvu , T . s_p~l a cus and T. DisconPeulntu s uni.sirnntuc have been
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so a di., C. fas t, f 33 sima, flav;rstr s, and C.
jjgLi? .also occur. fi saaaa c94auta, . Larotavan
CQ. urn ene, and the rare Lis;iras~e?W, ear, TJac:bo bo?k
mraentata u nd K. Ui orn, a have bean reported. Silyius celeLe i occurs.
Large numbers of Fh3eboomus - p rtuxr
i;R an and P. fia :a t. e i may be
expected on Celetes. Although they do not play a role as vectors of
disease in this area, they may be exceedingly disagreeable Lecause of
their w.jmbersa.
In the 19olukken Islands and the islands of the eastern B-2nda Sea,
careful investigation on Doeroe Island have revealed the presence of
MMO ebul ,
10
-
J
d
13 C4
&4 Cz 94
O
Q+ O.
Q inf
rt M
pp
Rya F R, Ca.
r?4 !?
..ng'..
2,200
x
-
x
-
19
1
5,060 2.3
51
Ps.loe
33., 259
x
-
-
-
-
137
-
22,700 .7
33
Poso
2,100
x
-
x
-
-
oesaook
7.906
-
-
x
-
Gtr
21,700 E
2.7
53
Banggal
~?
x
X
m
..
.-
pp
m 4 ..
a
endari
29,911
-
136
1
140950 r5
22
Baoebaoe
1,600
x
-
-
163
16
76,000 5.1
93
Palopo
2,900
-
x
x
-
-
-
- w
M
Parapets
3.600
x
x
-
-
-
213
22,500 6.3
21
Vakassar
134,000
x
x
x
2,699
-
349,700 4.2
26
::ataxapone
-
x
z
-
-
x
-
-
- -
-
;a ti%n3opper*:;
-
-
--
-
x
-
-
- ? -
Total
7
4
6
1
+j
FiT
.
_
}Principal supply is underlined.
R L, G.TRICTED
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Average annual rainfall (in inches)
on Arnboina Island and Saparoea Island
t i mt:Ofsu
January
5.4
4.4 .
PabO u ry
4.8
4.4
t..a rch
6.2
5.0 I
,April
11.0
7.2
1i.ay
20.7
20.0
!June
25.2
26.4
July
24.0
24.3
i.~luru?t
17.0
16.7
ISOptvz;ber
9.6
10.0
jOctober
G.4
T.5
Novenbor
4.6
4,0
`Deaamber 5.6
5.6
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Average annual rainfall (in inches) an the northern
and southern coasts cf Cerars Island
L:onth
'4hai (northern covet)
Amaha3 (seuther~
aoa~z~t)
January
12?4
4.5
?ebruary
16.6
4.2
March
12.7
5.6
April
8.1
8.1
'ay
6.1
15.8
June
4.8
15.1
July
4.1.
16.9
August
3.5
16.2
Septeiabor
3.2
9
October
3.9
6.1
November
4.4
4a3
Eooember
8.2
4.a 3
Total
88.2
108
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TABLE XI-4
Aver",a annual rainfall (in inches)
in the Rands Islands
Lonth
Rainfall
January
.2
10
8
arch
8.8
April
.2
13
15 .V
Juaie
14
.7
July
8.4
uguat
4
.5
September
4
.9
4.6
5 .4
Amamznbvr
9
.7
Total
108.3
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Average. annual rainfall (in inches)
in-the Kai Islands
1onth
Rainfall
January
13.6
February
1065
Larbh
12.7
Aril
10
'ay
8114
June
5.0
July
Sal
August
3.1
September
2.2
October
366
November
6,.5
Dee :Tiber
12.2
Total
93.6
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Average annual rainfall (in 1nohoa)
in Dobo in the Aroo Islands
Rrt inf all
anuary
11QO1
February
11,2
crab.
846
April
7.9
'sY
Z
June
50 7
July
5.3
AuUuot
3.2
September
3.1
atober
4.3
November
6.6
Dooosnber
9.5
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AveraCe annual rainfall (in inohes)
in Snurtlakki, oapite.l of the Taniu-bar Islands
January
11.7
February
9.7
,'arch
8.3
April
5.4
May
9.8
June
4.0
July
2.7
uguet
0.4
September
Oat
otober
1.5
Novomber
301
Deoeiber
8.2
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REST11ICTL1)
inophelinu moaquitoee found in Colebea proper
and in ivmiediat.:ely contiguous islands
C?,-LEHES PROPk 3.1
Species
'Aa acSO7aitt:~
9A. barb ircstris barbirostrie
~A. arosu$
A. '#reanus ngerriraue
~. arwar .
euoosp rtes Ieuooephyrue
lit
. eucosis
vrus i ker
~A. nacu atus taco saes
. min M-en-LAinlmus
par osxlls
. subp o ?us aubpic bus
sunua
JA. ease eatusr
A. vat afros
widespread
widespread
Po so, Lrad jene
widespread
Torad ja area, kad jene, kandar
Lamoedjoe, Toradja area, iadjone, Tolitol
Toradja area.,. hatampone, falan;rlipa
Poso, Paloe
Lanado, ?aloe, kakassar
widespread
. southwectetrn Celebes
L.auado, Palolah, Toradja area, 'olewali
Poso, 1':ead jene
wideapread
ISLAIUDS CONTIGUOUS TO Ci:LE$i
ME en i aitkenii
bar rostr[ ar iroatrio
. l cooaphyrus leuooephyrus
euoosl: yrais ` }jaa rer ..
. macu atus m oulatua
. r:.inx nus
. mu p o us subp otua I
. toss?f stuns
a.218 vague
1 nvn
von Niederleindisch Ostir ndion. Jena, Gustav I'iec orz 47y'
19 2.
2. flru , S. L.: Filaria bancro#ti-ov?rbr?ngera op Kabapna.
Le~dede~c~l. v. d. dienst d, volkagozondh. in ttederl.-India
27: 88-98, 1938.
Sources: I. Swe11ene;rabel, U. H., and Itodenealdt, E.-: Div Ano aPteli
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Anophelinoa found in the L.olukkan Islands aad islands in
eastern part of Banda Seal
Speaieaati
Bat.3an
Island
iz-
boina
Saps.-
roe&
Ceram
Bo~aroe
Basle
Handal
Kai
111
.roe
Tanir,-
bar
aitkenii aitkenii
-
r
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
a0taeniaatu
-
-
_
-
r
-
-
--
-
: barb roan
r
t
..r.
*
-
_
-
-
A. hyrcanue nigarrimus
A. ineu as orum
-
*
r
-.
..
_
_
..
. 1on Iroatria
-
-
-
-
~-
-
-
-
-
1. ludlowli
-
-
-
?t'
-
-
_
-
-
A. maQU atua maculatus
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(?~
A. minim aaxn mus
A. payrangenei
Ts
A. punatu utes moluoconsis
. ?
t
+
*
-(?)
s..
-.(?)
tus A. uii iThtuFi pLlnQtel
a
fi
t,
A. subpio ura su,pio us
A. sun as Qua
`~
-
-
-
..
..
..
7. ease I Tu E;
-
Y
t
ti?
w
-
-
-
-
A. ii i r osus
-
~`
-
t
u
A. Vague vaP`s
A. grcila ~
-
-
-
Y
..W.
-
-
-
-
,. travestftus
-
-
-
fi
s2
-
-
-
i -
-
Sources: ]. Swellengrebel, N. H.., and }todenwaaldt, ;.: Din Anopholinen von Niederlaandisch
Ostindion. Jena, Gustav Fischer, ed. 3, n-377
2. Soetr sno. Filuriasis onder do buv'olking; van do ISoe Apovlaakte ?f._73oeroe .
Genenak. tijdsohr. v. flederl.-Indio 80: 2313 (Sept. 24); 2349 (Oct. 1) 1940.
3.I3rug, S. L.,. and do Rook, 1{.: Filariaeis in Ncderl.-Indic. Ooneesk..
ti jdachr. v. 41udorl.-Radio 73. 21 -279 (Feb.) M33.
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H F S T H I C T E D
TaI. E XI-10
Culinine mosquitoes reported from Celebes
and immediately oontiguous islands1
Andes !M-Pti
A. a bo 3otue
A. neatopeie
11. scuts kris
A. ans
0. linens s
Arena erns rualwyl
A. c tur sna
3ulex Enna irostria
itsenior yne ua
C. l'uecaaus ~"`?
C. w usf phalus
.a a ,~i un _""'
C. quirWquef sciatu* (f'atigans
C. tritcianiorhync:hus siaareneis
C. Bit ens
B:aneonia annulate
C. wvhitF6-rei
Bonne-elapater, J., and
Brug, S. Lo; Nederlandsch-
Indische Culicinen. Ceneask
ti jdsghr. v. Iledar?l.-Ineiis
77: 515-617 (19ar. 2) 1937.
R 9 3 T R I C T E D
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Culicine mosquitoes reported from the 21olukken Iaslando
and islands in eastern part of Banda Seel.
8peoies
5oela
boina
roes
Ceraa*a
Boero?
flart#A
Aroe
Tabar
tides ae?ypti
b
i
Qt
r
-
N
,r
T
..
. a
uas
a
n*
-
<
-
_
A. al osoute atue
-
-
..
- .
A. aannebn as e3
_
-
-
.~
..
-
A. aureostrsatuas2
A. funereus ornbztua
-
-
-
+
A. imp' mena
-
Y
-
-
..
_
..
A.ineaetopennia
-
r
..
-
-
-
..
Y. scutell F13
,
!
!
l
f
y
..
tonsu..~
ro
vex,ns
a. vxgi ax
-
-
_
-
,~
ulox alia
_
-
..
-
..
.,
ennuliroastrias
baeniorhynohus
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
as 1 fa3i11
C. ' ul-i sue'
. quancguefaaaiatua (fatigans)
- i
-
..
. sI tienaa
-
-
-
-
:F
aaquan o sus2
_
..
..
~,
_
..
~.
..
triteseii[ rhynohus siannunzis
. vi ehnui
ri:ii ores obturbaans
co uasus
Iltat may
-
-
.d
.-
-
..
..
asps hula tua3
'anaonia loth ipalpia
?;. ux~af orm- s s
Sources: 1. tonne-i;opster, Jr, and Drug, S. L.: Neederlaandach Indische Culicinon.
. Geneaask. tijdechr. v Nederl.-Indic 77: 515-617 (far. 2) 1937.
20 Drug, S. L.: `totes on Dutch at Indian Mosquitoes. Bull. i:ntomol.
Research 251 501-519 (Duo.) 1934w
3. Drug, S. L.., Notes on Dutch-East Indian t.oaquitoeao Tijdaohr. vo
entomologie 82; 91-113, 1939.
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 Approved For release 2005/08/10 : CIA-RDP79-01144j0(k2600020001-1
VW w
Culicine mosquitoes reported from Boetoong.2eland
and Kabaena Island, off-Celetaa
ede.s aegypti
A. a bop o tus
. annandra ei
scuba rar s
Cu1ax a is vrshnui(7) )
CC. annu roatr a.
usou5op .:~a us
C. qu nque o aietur~ (fsiti aru )
C. tritaen car ynohue
~. ~t~ tmo re
Souses; L Bonne.liepator, J., and flrug, S. L.: hederlandsah-
Indischo Culicinun.. Gengook. tijdachr. v. Nedorl.-
1nd16 '17: 515-617 (Ear. 2) 1837.
2.Bru , . L- a rilaria ban crofti-ov?rbran;ers op
Eftbaena.. L ededeel, v. d. d1onst d. volkagu ondh.
in PJederl.-Indic 27: 68-98s, 1938.
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 Approved For ease 2005/08/10 : CIA-RDP79-01144 2600020001-1
R L S T R I C T E D
TABLE XI-13
Physicians reported to be in Celebes and dependenoies
Place
Government
public health
phydiciane
1.i1itary physicians
acting as public
health physicians
Private
practitioners
Hanggai (Haanggai Islands j
1
-
Baoobaoe (Boetoong Island)
1
1
Boantoeng (Salaywr Island)
-
~.
_
Doeloekeemba
1
BoAthain
1
Keonda ri
1
Makassar
5
7
Had jene
I
-
b:emoedjoe
..
1
-
pa amebas
1
Pa a po
.>
1
. ~pp."r
65 r1 CO
9a ,d :+e
r1 CO
P .tie
ri
,A
CO ri
'y-
CO ri CO
~'o .'~
r4 a
.*'~ e?a
?A ?~ R~.{
44 0
O
f~
O
?r4
!y
O
! C
L;
'4
oS
@
Cl
s$ ?r4 G
a
P.+
O i~
r9
p
$w-.
04
O
of
$
O
w
0
e,
Ste.
n
t~G
?
ixa
C4 ?rt
a ,~
v3
as
.
.
CO
1
is
?~
4
4'
4
42
? 1
c-1 rl
c 4
ri
k'a
ri
e-4
r-4
M
r4
ri .
03
rq
n
`
.
r4
?ri
.4 1;
vi
ri t> rC
rt
rt
.~ 4
?rt
.~
O
.r?4
? P ? O
?rs rt
n d O
ri
?r4
00
ar4
ri
0
i
?,
i
O O
O U
n
O O
n 0 0
0 0
K?1
-r4 ?rt rt
4 417 r4
.r4
.44 ?ri
'
?rt Cl
?r4 ore
rt r4
?r4
.04 ?r4
f.4 ?r4 ..4
-d CO
?r4 ri
CO
-
511
ri 40 r4
CO ?rt CO
r?4
CO ri
CO t3
r-4 CO
ri CO
ri
CO ri
CO r
V
4
0
.r~
42
n
$
i
:i
4
rF~e
W4
-
;
Sir
rt
?L~
4j
00
r4
i
ri
ti's
.~
_
C~V
N
d
6 m
C
J3
2
c
?
R.
S,
f r
UO
Q
Q
4d
r-~
Ct
0 O"
at
A
r~l
O
w
O
.~C
o
O
10 r-4
-1
O
~ i
r
c
f
0
W
M
4
W
C7
C1~
I~:
r?
rd ' ' Ma
M
sat
C47
4;y
N.
(U
G"t
V4
V4
r4
0-4
"4
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 Approved Forlease 2005/08/10 : CIA-RDP79-011442600020001-1
10
440
4> CS 0
0 do
1y
Br
?f/
.r{
~a+ 1
~~
1
.~
Gi
A
r 1 d
CO
i ?~
C
?
-.
r.
gj Q
S 'f`
10
CD
as
,)
45
0
~
roil
.ri
40
r4
CS
r'i
0
'-
$
?
1
r
t3
v~
?rl
vi
.a^1 .r1
9-1
0
r-1
o
t2
a
U U
0 43 A
.4
1
.~'
'r
r?t
?r< .r@
b r?4
..a .rr
C r] 3)
vi
4,
A
,i]
?o .F]
f~
CS
t9
O, _-
t3
f1 Ua
=
,
O 310
.14
0
ri r1 ds
yq
4' n ref
c~3
s O ~s~
CD
Q
q
#
0. 4
Et
j
Q
r~+
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 Approved Forease 2005/08/10: CIA-RDP79-01142600020001-1
E S T R I C
RTED
Leprosuriaa in ?thcj IoluIckon Ialunds and
Southwestern Islands in 1938
.Artbcina
20 Handa
By of Mat (Kai)
4. Dobo (Aroe)
a , Sauralakki (Taniribar )
R L S'TIR I C T E 0
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The incidence of baoiilary dysentery in certain
subdivisions of southern Celebes in 1937
Subdivision
Cases, no,-
Boe1oekoemba
375
Boris
355
Bonthain
140
Djeneponto
284
Pangkad j en?
194
Rantepao
199
Siudjang
624
c tanpone
775
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 Approved Fqr Release 2005/08/10: CIA-RDP79-011402600020001-1
Spleen indices, certain ernes
in the Soela Islands, 1923
Plane
Spleen index per cent
Adults
Children
Banana
41 per cant
55 per cent
Poheijk
65 per cent
75 per cent
Begs
40 per cant
35 per cent
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 Approved For,R lease 2005/08/10: CIA-RDP79-011402600020001-1
R I S T I I C T E D
FABLE XI-20
Place
Spleen index per sent
Adult
s
Children I
Atiahoe
64
i
t1noeas
47
55
Z:erinane.
20
36
Ratoeasa
55
72
Jookbib
61
95
R E S T R I C Ti E D
1
Sploan indices, certain areas
in ematern Ceram, 1923
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TitICTi #)
JAMS 3.5j6
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 Approved Fob Release 200T0$/1pRC Ar-Pj 110114V02600020001-1
JANIS 156
11. Health and Sanitation
A. Water.
The supply of water is ample irk most of the islands included
in this survey; exceptions are a few islands in the southeastern
part of the area. Purification of rater was carried out at only
four places in the entire area, before the war. Only 21 towns in
the entire area had distribution systems.
B. Waste disposal.
In the western part of this area a few Occidentals and some of
the wealthy Chinese have cesspools; the same is true, on a much
smaller scale, in the eastern part. Otherwise, the disposal of
wastes is primitive, and pollution of the soil is almost invariably
the rule.
C. Harmful animals.
Vectors of nalaria in the western part of this area are ADq&eles
sundaicus, A. such slubpic'us. A. baarbirosst;risw barbirostris and
A. (nisre ? ~ . In the eastern part the vectors are
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RESTRICTED
A. punctualatus meatus, A. Punctulatue moluccensis, A. subpictus
ub ig aims, A. ~o~ e,~ dap A? s cues A? mac ?, u t and
A. ganbro, sus. Some of these mosquitoes - A. punc?zcua and
uunctualatus mgluccensis are carriers of fireeri ba ,
the causative parasite of one variety of fi].ariasis. edes a
Uti
and A. albop___iotp, vectors of dengue fever, are widespread. MgLWgpjgj
ann eta and . longiUQ nis can carry er maa.a . Bgdy lice
are rare; many species of flies occur. Dangerous mites should
be expected. Poisonous snakes are present; crocodiles' wild boars,
and poisonous fish are reported.
D. Food.
In the western part of this area the staple food is rice; in
hill country corn is the chief food; in marshland, sago. In the
eastern section of the area sago is the staple food; all quantities
of corn and rice are consumed. Flab., some cattle, sheep and pigs
are raised by certain peoples in the area as a whole.
B. Public health.
The public health systems of Celebes, the Salajar Islands,
Banggai Islande,Toekangbesi Archipelago, and the islands of
Beotoeng, Moena and ISabacna belonged to the residency of Celebes;
the capital was Tassar. The public health syjus of
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R'1190'E D
 Approved Fore lease 20tt/b81?1d: '6IA- tl; yh 8iI4V2600020001-1
Molukken Islands and islands in the eastern past of the Banda
Sea belonged to the residency of tlalukka. The chief of each
system, ultimately, was responsible to the chief of the Centres.
Public Health Service of the Netherlands East Indies,in Batavia.
In the entiro system curative nedicino and preventive mcdicir1e
were inseparably intertwined. In the western part of this area
there were 32 hospitals; in the eastern part, about 17. There
were no medical schools. Only two or three well-equipped lab-
oratories .,ere present. There wore many small., local clinics.
F. Wedicai personnel.
Virtually every Occidental physician in this area was em-
ployed by the public health service, or was in military service,
or was attached to a missionary. group.. A number of native
physicians were employed. Dentists were rare. Forty to 50
Occidental nurses were reported: the number of maaatr gq or
Indonesian nurses,, was much larger. I:'ithiives, vaccinators.,
pharmacists dispensers: orderlies end similar personnel vero
present in indeterminate numbers.
G. Diseases.
Important diseases are m=, leria, bacillary dysentery, amebic
dysentery-, scrul_ or mito-borne ty-phu.sa shop or flea-borne typhus,
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filarissis, venereal disease, and diseases of the skin. Potentially
important, diseases are common diarrhea, resp:1ratory die sea,
dengue fever, and influenza. 11ague might easily be
introduced; cholera, if not actually present, might easily be Intro-
duced. Diseases of minor military importance are typhoid fever and
Wail's disease,
paratyphoid fever, conjunctivitis, schisttosomiaasia.
infectious jaundice, cerebrospinal meningitis, and a trachoma-like
conjunctivitis. Diseases common among the civil population are
nutritional diseases, yaws, trachoma, intestinal parasitism, tuber-
culosis, and leprosy. Miscellaneous diseaseG ,which occur are smallpox
diphtheria, and measles.
1. Recommendations.
The following precautions are especially important in the
general area under consideration.
1. All water, regardless of source, should bo eansidearod
unsafe until it has received adequate troatment.
2. Adequate and safe disposal of wastec Should be instituted.
3. Control of flies is imperaauive.
Proper measures to, insure sanitation and control of food
and food handlers should be maintained.
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5. Conttol of mosquito-borne diseases should be inaugurated,
with the inclusion of such treasures as elimination of breeding of
mosquitoes, safe location of camps, screening and use of sprays,
insect repellents, wearing of protective clothing at night,, use of
bed nets, and of antimalarial drugs at the discretion of the surgeon.
6. The customary measures for protection against mite-borne
typhus must be carried out (clearing of camp sites, ,,rearing of
leggings, long trousers and high shoos,, imprognatod clothing, and
use of repellents).
7. To control flea-borne typhva, ratproof buildings should be
used and rat-control programs should be enforced. Adequate stocks
of plague vaccine should .be available for use if necessary.
8, Schistosomiaaia, which .occurs in only one small section of
the area, should be guarded against by proper attention to water
supplies, and avoidance of wading or swimming in infected w4ters.
Cholera vaccine should be available. Measures in respect
to food, sanitation, disposal of excreta and control of flies are
essential.
lfl. 'Hookworm infection can be largely prevented by -locution
of camps on sites not recently used for human ha'H.taticns,, by
sanitary disposal of exoreta, and b,7 adequate personal hyglmn e.
*.. 5#
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FtE?W T6&! D
 Approved Forlease 2005/08/10 : CIA-RDP79-01142600020001-1
THE OCCURRENCE OF FILARI ASI S
ON CERAM ISLAND I N 1933
PATIENTS,
W. MALAYI
ELEPHANTIASIS,
NO.
VILLAGE
EXAMINED,
POSITIVE
CASES
O
N
.
NO.
S
NO.
S
1
SOLEA MARWAN
20
2
10
1
2
IAMAA1
86
31)
3
1
1
3
OPIN
29
7
24
6
21
4
8E$I
57
4
7
4
7
5
ROEMAN OLAT
57
2
4
0
0
6
MASISIMOELAN
30
0
0
0
0
7
SAWAAI
92
4
4
0
0
8
ROEMAN SOKAT
32
0
0
0
0
9
SELEMAN
82
8
10
0
0
10
MORALE-PASANEA
66
5
8
3
5
11
MORALE ROEMAN REAT
19
1
5
1
5
12
WAILOELOE-MERALAOE
46
12
26
7
15
13
PAOENI
12
2
17
2
17
14
PAX
' 24
0
0
2
8
15
KARLOETOE KARA
35
4
11
4
11
16
LISELA
8
5
62
2
25
17
LISABATA-ROEMAN NOLEM
43
9
21
4
9
18
RIIEM WEN
23
3
13
4
17
19
LATEA
19
5
26
5
26
20.
KARLOETOE-WARASIMA
75
4
5
3
4
21
OEWEN
52
B
15
3
6
22
SOEKARADJA
31
7
23
1
3
23
PITAELA
25
6
24
5
20
24
MATOEMOEROE
77
28
36
16
21
25
RALIO SERALIT
28
6
21
3
11
26
SOANOEWEN (coast)
65
13
20
3
5
it (mountain)
26
d
23
0
0
27
'PASINALO NOEKOEHAI
90
8
9
0
0
28
KASIEM-MOELONG
74
1
1
0
0
29
LISAHATA
25
0
0
0
0
30
TANIWAL-ROEMAM ELEN
46
2
4
1
2
TOTAL
1394
165
12
81
6
1) In addition 2 persons Infected with W. bancrofti.
Source: Brug, S. L., and de Rook, M.: Fllarlasls In Nederlandsch-IndI?el_
Gensesk. tijdschr. V. Nederl.-India 73: 264-979 (Reb. 28) 1053.
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 Approved or elease 2005/08/10: CIA-RDP79-01002600020001-1
MICROFILARIAL INDICES OF THE WAE APO PLAIN
ON THE ISLAND OF BOEROE
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