ESTIMATING THE COST OF SHIPBUILDING IN THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79B00457A001300010001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 20, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 1, 1977
• Content Type: REPORT

vy- ? R
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Secret
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
Office of Strategic Research
Estimating the Cost of
Shipbuilding in the USSR
Not referred to HHS. Waiver
applies.
NAVY review
completed.
Secret
SR 77-10069
August 1977
Copy No 311
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Estimating the Cost of Shipbuilding
in the USSR
Office of Strategic Research
August 1977
Summary
A model used by the Soviets to estimate the cost of merchant ships has
been adapted by OSR to estimate the cost of the basic portion of Soviet
naval surface ships. The term "basic portion" means the total ship less its
weapons and electrical and electronics equipment.
The model uses cost-estimating relationships (CERs) derived from
actual experience at shipyards in the European USSR, where nearly all
Soviet merchant ships and most naval surface ships are constructed. It
provides CERs for the major groups of ship components. In addition, it gives
cost adjustment factors for special characteristics that may be incorporated
in a ship. This permits the model to be used to estimate the costs of naval
ships, because these adjustments cover the major special features found on
basic naval combatants.
To test the accuracy of the model, we have used it to estimate the cost
of 17 Soviet merchant ships for which actual costs and technical data are
available from independent sources. In every case, the estimates fall within
14 percent of actual costs-and for 10 of the ships the range is only 5
percent-thus proving the method to be an excellent predictor of the costs of
merchant ships.
Use of the model on a sample of 26 Soviet naval ships showed results
consistent with those derived by applying a model developed by the Rand
Corporation to cost US naval ships in dollar terms. This consistency tends to
confirm the validity of adapting the Soviet merchant ship model to costing
naval ships.
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The accuracy of the model in producing average costs of ships of a
given class makes it an excellent tool for deriving ruble-dollar ratios for the
Soviet and US shipbuilding industries. Use of the model indicates ruble-
dollar ratios ranging from .45 to .60 (1970 rubles to 1973 dollars) for Soviet
merchant ships and from .50 to .75 for Soviet naval ships.
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Major Component Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Main Propulsion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Mechanical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Construction Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Scale of Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Other Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Accuracy of the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Application to Naval Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ruble-Dollar Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Merchant Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Naval Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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Figure 1
Factors in Costing Ship Construction
?
Light Displacement
?
Horsepower
?
Ice Reinforcement ? Horsepower
?
Additional Shaft
?
Strengthened Steel ? Number of Engines
?
Controllable-Pitch
?
Superstructure of ? Reduction Gear
Propeller
Aluminum or Synthetic
Material ? Turbocharger ?
Special Heat and
?
Fiberglass Insulation ? Automatic Control
Pressure Standards
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Estimating the Cost of Shipbuilding
in the USSR
This paper describes a model used by the Sovi-
ets to estimate the cost of their merchant ships
and adapted by OSR to estimate the cost of the
basic portion of their naval surface ships. The
paper also discusses tests applied to determine
the validity of the model, outlines its application
to the problem of estimating the cost of Soviet
naval ships, and examines the ruble-to-dollar
ratios that result from applying it to both Soviet
and US ships.
The Model
The Soviet model was developed at the Central
Scientific Research Institute and the Leningrad
Central Planning and Design Bureau of the Minis-
try of the Maritime Fleet. It is described in El
Soviet monograph by V. I. Krayev,
=:~tupln, and E. L. Limonov, well-known
specialists in the economics of shipbuilding.'
The authors describe the model as the most
complete methodology available for estimating
the cost of constructing Soviet merchant ships. It
was designed for use by specialists engaged in
planning the development of the maritime fleet
and in estimating the costs of constructing new
classes of vessels. The model is used to estimate
prices that would be charged at Soviet ship-
yards-that is, full product cost (sebestoimost')
plus normal enterprise profit.
1 V. I. Krayev, 0. K. Stupin, and E. L. Limonov, Economic
Substantiation in the Design of Seagoing Cargo Vessels, trans.
JPRS 63050, 1974.
The cost-estimating relationships (CERs)
developed for the model are derived from experi-
ence at shipyards in the European USSR. Almost
all Soviet merchant ships and most naval surface
ships are constructed at these yards. The model
includes cost adjustment factors for ships con-
structed in the northern or far eastern USSR.
The CERs are based on 1972 price norms.
Major Component Groups
For estimating purposes, the model divides the
ship into three major component groups-hull,
main propulsion system, and mechanical equip-
ment-and adds the cost of construction serv-
ices.' The US Maritime Administration and the
US Navy use similar groups of components in 25X1
preparing cost estimates for constructing ships.
The model also provides cost adjustment fac-
tors which take into account special features of
each component group on merchant ships (Fig-
ure 1). These adjustment factors are vital to our
ability to apply the model to naval surface ships.
Hull
The cost of the hull is estimated as a mathe-
matical function of light displacement3 and the
mission of the ship. The model also provides a
capability to adjust this cost for special features,
including:
2A detailed breakdown of items included in each group is
shown in appendix A.
3Weight of a merchant ship, in tons, with machinery and ready
for service, but without crew and their effects, consumable
items, or variable load.
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Figure 2
Cost Adjustment Curves For Multiple Production of Ships With Varied Light Displacement
Light Displacement
A =To 2,000 tons
B =2,001-5,000 tons
C =5,001-10,000 tons
D =More than 10,000 tons
? ice reinforcement,
? use of strong, higher quality steel,
? a superstructure constructed of
aluminum or a synthetic material,
? fiberglass insulation.
5 6 7
Number of Similar Ships
Main Propulsion System
The cost of the main propulsion system is esti-
mated as a function of the number and types of
engines, their horsepower and speed, and the
type of transmission. Special adjustment features
can account for:
? reduction gears,
? turbocharging, and
? automatic control.
Mechanical Equipment
The cost of mechanical equipment is estimated
to be a function of the type and power of the
main engine, the type of propulsion shafts, and
the ship's mission. Special adjustments can be
made for:
? additional shafts,
? controllable-pitch propellers, and
? special temperature and pressure
standards.'
Construction Services
The cost of construction services is estimated
as a function of light displacement and the ship's
mission.
4To be used when temperature and pressure in the engine and
boiler exceed 470?C and 40 atmospheres, respectively.
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Scale of Production
The model also considers the effect of produc-
tion scales on the cost of a ship. When units of a
similar type are constructed sequentially in the
same shipyard, the cost per ship decreases
through the first few units. The rate of decrease
in the marginal cost of a ship depends primarily
on the ship's light displacement and the number
of units constructed in a class. According to the
model, the lighter ships benefit more from eco-
nomies of scale than the heavier ones. In addi-
tion, these benefits continue longer with light
ships (Figure 2). For ships with light displace-
ments up to 2,000 tons, reduction in cost contin-
ues through about the 12th ship in the class. On
the other hand, for ships of more than 10,000
tons the Soviets believe that there is no reduction
in cost after the fifth unit. Analysis of the cost
and production data given in the model indicates
that the Soviets expect learning curves of about
88 to 90 percent for all types of ships.
Other Factors
The cost can be further adjusted to take into
account the location of the shipyard if the ship
was not constructed in the European USSR. In
addition, the model can be modified to take into
account the cost of accommodating the addi-
tional crew carried on naval ships.
Accuracy of the Model
The Soviet authors do not provide quantitative
measures of the accuracy of the model in predict-
ing the costs of Soviet merchant ships. To test its
accuracy, the model was used to derive the costs
of 17 Soviet merchant ships for which actual
costs and technical data are available from inde-
pendent sources.5
As shown in Table A and Figure 3, the model
proved to be a highly accurate predictor of actual
cost for the 17 ships. All of the estimated costs
fall within a range of minus 8 to plus 14 percent
of actual costs; in 10 cases they fall within plus
or minus 5 percent. While the size of the sample
is too small for more definitive testing, the
differences appear to be random and not biased
by ship size or class.
Application to Naval Ships
The Soviet cost model was designed to esti-
mate the cost of merchant ships, but it can be
adapted for the basic portion of naval surface
ships (total ship less weapons and electrical and
electronics equipment) because of some similar-
ities between basic naval and merchant ships.
An examination of shipbuilding practices in
the US reveals that hull costs per ton and propul-
sion machinery costs per shaft horsepower are
almost the same for merchant and naval ships.
Moreover, there is little difference in the con-
struction costs of a basic US naval ship and that
of a merchant ship of the same displacement and
horsepower. It had been thought that different
construction standards for merchant and naval
ships would greatly alter their respective costs,
but this factor has not proven to have had much
impact on expenditures. The studies of US ships
indicate that naval ships have a higher total cost
than merchant ships almost entirely because of
the costs of outfitting, armaments, electrical and
electronics equipment, and auxiliary machin-
ery-that is, those systems that are required spe-
cifically for the fulfillment of the naval ship's
mission. .6
On the Soviet side, there do not appear to be
major differences in the construction norms of
the basic portion of naval and merchant ships. In
addition, intelligence analysis indicates that ship-
building practices in Soviet yards are almost the
50. A. Novikov, Ekonomika I Ekspluatatsiya Morskogo Flora,
Trud: No. 130 (Economics and Operations of the Maritime
Fleet, No.130) (Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Transport, 1971), pp.
12-17.
A. Ye. Berkov, N. V. Dymchenko, and 0. A. Novikov (edi-
tors), Tsennik No. 27 Dlya Pereotsenki Sudov Morskogo,
Rechnogo, I Rybopromyshlennogo Flota na 1 Yanvarya 1973
Coda, (Price List No 27 for Reappraisal of Ships in Maritime,
River, and Fishing Fleets-1 January 1973) (Moscow: Izda-
tel'stvo Transport, 1972).
6J. A. Fetchko, Cost Comparison, Naval vs. Commercial Ships,
Naval Ship Systems Command, Dec 1971.
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Figure 3
Comparison of Estimated and Actual Ruble Cost of Soviet Merchant Ships'
Actual Cost
16r
1 Million 1970 Rubles
A Dry Cargo
^ Tanker
? Timber Carrier
o Icebreaker
x Tugboat
? Hydrofoil
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Estimated and Actual Ruble Cost of Soviet Merchant Ships
Light
Estimated Cost
Actual Cost
Type and Name
of Soviet Ship
Displacement
(Tons)
(Million
Rubles)
(Million
Rubles)
(Million
Rubles)
(Percent)
Dry Cargo
Abruka
347
.715
.75
-.035
-5
Slavyansk
4,600
7.48
7.32
+.16
+2
Bezhitsa
6,330
7.06
6.95
+.11
+2
Kapitan Kushnarenko
7,153
11.82
11.25
+.57
+5
Tanker
Baskunchak
1,260
1.83
2.00
-.17
-8
Mangyshlak
4,010
7.97
8.6
-.63
-7
Kazbak
4,800
7.13
6.4
+.73
+11
Velikiy Oktyabr'
4,860
9.83
9.5
+.33
+3
Praga
10,100
13.62
11.9
+1.72
+14
Sofiya
12,000
15.01
15.6
-.59
-4
Timber Carrier
Baykal
1,040
2.74
2.9
-.16
-6
Sirbirles
1,833
3.58
3.6
-.02
-1
Seliger
2,407
4.58
4.25
+.33
+8
Vytegrales
3,300
4.34
4.66
-.32
-7
Icebreaker
Vasiliy Pronchischev
2,055
Tugboat
BK-1201
Hydrofoil
Meteor
Average percent deviation
same for naval as for merchant ships.' Thus the
cost factors for Soviet merchant and naval basic
ships should be almost the same. Furthermore,
nothing in available Soviet literature disproves
the assumption that merchant cost planning fac-
tors can be used for estimating basic naval ship
costs.
The above analyses of the factors contributing
to the cost differential between US merchant and
US naval ships and of Soviet shipbuilding prac-
tices all support the theory that the CER model
can be used to estimate Soviet basic naval ship
7Conversations with experts in Soviet shipbuilding practices
from NISC and NAVSEC.
SECRET
construction spending, provided the costs of
special features are added. It is especially impor-
tant, therefore, in estimating the cost of a naval
ship to account for the special features which
generally are not found on a merchant ship. The
model does provide cost adjustment factors to
account for these special features, thus making it
possible to estimate the cost of basic naval shins.
One of the most significant differences be-
tween naval and merchant ships is the size of the
crew. For example, although US Naval Amphib-
ious Force Flagship AGC-20 and the C4-S-696
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Table B
Estimated Ruble Cost of Selected Major
Soviet Warships
Type
Class
Average
Cost of
Basic Ship
(Million 1970
Rubles)
CL
Sverdlov
42.67
CG
Kynda
29.26
CG
Kresta I
31.16
CG
Kresta II
28.19
CG
Kara
33.0
DD
Krupnyy
27.41
DD
Kildin
28.57
DDG
Kashin
22.66
DD
Krivak
20.39
DD
Skoryy
16.43
DD
Kotlin
23.82
DD
Tallin
30.17
FF
Kola
10.16
FF
Riga
9.38
FFL
Mirka
13.19
FFL
Petya I
14.18
FFL
Petya II
13.10
CHG
Moskva
73.33
CVSG
Kiev
114.32
CVSG
Follow-on
Kiev
125.47
DD
Follow-on
Krivak
22.43
CG
Follow-on
Kresta II
31.04
CG
Follow-on
Kara
36.30
FF
Jaguar
15.00
CL
Kirov
37.24
CL
Chapayev
39.40
merchant cargo ship are similar in displacement
and horsepower, the naval ship has accommo-
dations for 1,465, while the merchant ship carries
a crew of 5 1. The cost of auxiliary systems is
related directly to the site of crew accommo-
dations. The larger crew size of a naval ship also
increases the requirement for environmental con-
ditioning services and berthing and mess pro-
visions. The Soviet model can be adjusted for
additional crew.
The Soviet model has several formulas avail-
able, depending on the type of merchant ship
that is being costed. To apply the model to naval
ships, therefore, it is necessary to select merchant
ships to serve as analogs for different classes of
naval ships.' The principal criterion for selecting
analogs is similarity of design and configu-
ration. For example, a dry cargo ship is the best
type of in ship for estimating the cost of
the basic portion of a Soviet guided-missile de-
stroyer.
The results of these cost calculations for sev
eral selected major Soviet warships are given in
table B..
Ruble-Dollar Ratios
The accuracy of the Soviet costing model in
producing average costs of ships of a given class
makes it an excellent tool for deriving ruble-
dollar ratios for the Soviet and US shipbuilding
industries. By comparing the ruble costs of So-
viet ships with the cost of producing such ships
in the United States, we can develop Soviet-
weighted ruble-dollar ratios. Such ratios depict
the relative purchasing power of the currency of
the two countries with respect to ships of So-
viet design and technical characteristics. US-
weighted ratios are derived by comparing the
ruble and dollar costs of producing US ships.
They reflect the relative costs of producing
ships of US design and technical characteristics.
Such ratios permit reasonably accurate conver-
sion of the cost of the output of the ship-
building industries of each of the two countries
into the currency of the other.
Merchant Ships
Ruble cost estimates for several classes of
Soviet merchant ships covering a wide range of
displacements and costs were derived from the
Soviet cost model and compared with dollar
cost estimates of the same ships. The dollar
estimates, reflecting what it would cost to build
the Soviet ship in the United States, were fur-
nished by the US Maritime Administration.
Ruble-dollar ratios were then calculated for
each class of ship. The results are shown in table
C. The values of all of the observations fall
within a range of .467 to .613 (1970 rubles to
1973 dollars)-an exceptionally narrow range
for ruble-dollar calculations-and appear to be
aA complete list is given in appendix D.
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normally distributed around mean and median
values of .537 and .522, respectively.9
To complement this analysis, cost estimates
were derived in both dollars and rubles for a
sample of US merchant ships. The physical de-
scription and dollar cost data were obtained
from the US Maritime Administration. The So-
viet model was used to derive theoretical ruble
costs. The results are given in table D. The
values again appear to be normally distributed,
with a mean of .647, median of .656, and a
range of .542 to .757.10
The data in tables C and D illustrate that the
average Soviet-weighted ratio is lower than the
average US-weighted ratio. This accords with
the economic principle that countries design
and produce products for which they have a
comparative advantage. In other words, the So-
viets are slightly better (that is, have a lower
ruble-dollar ratio) at building their own mer-
chant ships than they would be at building US
ships, and the converse is true for the United
States.
Naval Ships
As discussed earlier, the model was used to
estimate the average ruble costs of the basic
portion of 26 different classes of Soviet war-
ships. The dollar costs of these warships were
then estimated by using a model developed by
the Rand Corporation.'' Ruble-dollar ratios
were calculated and are shown in table E. The
statistical properties of the sample are sum-
marized in figure 4. The derived average ratio of
.620 is somewhat higher than that for the So-
viet-weighted sample for merchant ships, imply-
ing that the Soviets have a slight comparative
advantage in producing merchant ships vis-a-vis
naval ships. Like the sample for merchant ships,
9The oK lmogrov-Smirnov statistical test applied to the sample
results in a value of .173. At a significance level of 20 percent, a
value in excess of .339 would have been needed to refute the
assertion that the ratios are normally distributed.
10The Kolmogrov-Smirnov test gives a value of .135 for these
samples. At a 20-percent signficance level, a value larger than
.339 is needed to reject the assertion that dispersion is normal.
11 R. P. Johnsons et at., Determination of Weight, Volume, and
Construction Costs for Naval Combatants and Auxiliary Ships,
the Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California, 1969.
Figure 4
Frequency Curve of
Ruble-Dollar Ratios for
Selected Major Surface Combatants
Sample Size
26
Range
0.512 to 0.800
Mean
0.620
Variance
0.004
Standard Deviation :
0.065
Coefficient of Variation
? 11 percent
that for naval ships shows an exceptionally nar-
row dispersion about the mean value.
The statistical properties of the sample in-
dicate a consistency of the results of the Soviet
model with those of the Rand Corporation
model. That is, by using a ruble-dollar conver-
sion factor of .62, the Soviet model predicts the
dollar costs of the naval ships within plus or
minus '22 percent (with a 95 percent confidence
interval). This consistency of results tends to
confirm the validity of adapting the Soviet mer-
chant ship model to costing naval ships.
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Table C
Ruble-Dollar Cost* of Soviet Merchant Ships
Cost of
First Unit
Light
Ruble-
Type and Name
Displacement
(Million 1970
(Million 1973
Dollar
of Ship
(Tons)
Rubles)
Dollars)
Ratio
Container Carrier - Aleksandr
3,460
7.94
14,0
.567
Container Carrier - Sestroretsk
3,760
7.97
16.24
.491
Dry Cargo - Dneproges
4,270
9.63
18.75
.514
Tanker - Velikiy Oktyabr'
4,860
11.14
21.70
.513
Dry Cargo - Capitan Kushnarenko
7,150
13.51
28.90
.467
Tanker - Pekin
8,100
14.61
26.88
.544
Bulk Carrier - Aleksandr Metrosov
11,200
17.30
28.70
.603
Tanker - Sofiya
12,000
17.13
32.80
.522
Tanker - Krym
30,200
36.11
58.94
.613
Average ruble-dollar ratio
.537
* Ruble and dollar estimates include design and shipyard equipment costs.
Table D
Ruble-Dollar Cost* of US Merchant Ships
Light
Cost per Unit
Ruble-
Type and Name
Displacement
(Million 1970
(Million 1973
Dollar
of Ship
(Tons)
Rubles)
Dollars)
Ratio
Oceanographic S2-M-MA74a
1,800
6.32
9.63
.656
Tanker T6-S-93A
8,800
11.7
18.17
.644
Container Carrier C5-S-73B
10,330
12.87
17.00
.757
Container Carrier C7-S-88a
12,700
17.47
25.26
.692
Barge Carrier C8-S-81C
13,800
18.23
32.30
.564
Roll-on Roll-off C7-S-95a
15,900
21.20
37.37
.567
Lighter Carrier C9-S-81D
16,070
19.37
27.86
.695
Tanker T8-S-100B
16,800
19.60
27.86
.704
Tanker T11-S-116a
60,140
59.00
108.83
.542
Average ruble-dollar ratio
* Ruble and dollar estimates include design and shipyard equipment costs.
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Ruble-Dollar Ratios* of Selected Major Warships
Million
Million
Ruble-
Total Cost (Millions)
No. of
1970
1973
Dollar
Type
Class
Units
Rubles
Dollars
Ratio
1970
19
73
Rubles
Dol
lars
CL
Sverdlov
14
42.6725
68.1531
.626
597.415
954.
1434
CG
Kynda
4
29.2601
48.1431
.608
117.0404
192.
5724
CG
Kresta 1
4
31.1620
53.3167
.584
124.648
213
.2668
CG
Kresta II
12
28.170
52.2335
.529
338.040
638
.8020
CG
Kara
7
32.9993
64.4454
.512
230.9951
451
.1178
DD
Krupnyy
8
27.4060
40.3612
.679
219.248
322
.8896
DD
Kildin
4
28.5721
35.7062
.800
114.2884
142
.8248
DDG
Kashin
20
22.6625
43.6687
.519
453.25
873
.374
DD
Krivak
20
20.3869
34.8157
.586
407.738
696
.314
DD
Skoryy
72
16.4348
26.8970
.611
1183.3056
1936
.584
DD
Kotlin
27
23.8154
38.4591
.619
643.0158
1038
.3957
DD
Tallin
1
30.1679
40.9412
.737
30.1679
40
.9412
FF
Kola
8
10.1622
15.3370
.663
81.2976
122
.696
FF
Riga
64
9.3774
13.9141
.674
600.1536
890
.5024
FFL
Mirka
20
13.1883
20.11508
.654
263.766
403
.016
FFL
Petya I
23
14.1780
20.6815
.686
326.094
475
.6745
FFL
Petya II
37
13.1016
20.6815
.633
484.7592
765
.2155
CHG
Moskva
2
73.3328
120.0874
.611
146.6656
240
.1748
CVSG
Kiev
3
114.3184
187.2046
.611
342.9552
561
.6138
CVSG
Follow-on
Kiev
2
125.4657
205.4592
.611
250.9314
410
.9184
DD
Follow-on
Krivak
8
22.4256
38.2973
.586
179.4048
306
.3784
CG
Follow-on
Kresta
II
6
31.0354
58.5568
.530
186.2124
351
.3408
CG
Follow-on
Kara
3
36.2992
70.8899
.512
108.8977
212
.6700
FF
Jaguar
6
15.0038
22.7496
.660
390.0990
591
.4900
CL
Kirov
6
37.24
59.0179
.631
223.44
354
.1074
CL
Chapayev
5
39.40
61.7534
.638
197.00
308
.7670
Average ruble-dollar ratio for
basic ship
.620
* Ruble-dollar ratios are for basic ships only.
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Appendix A
Basic Ship Components Affecting
Cost Estimates
Hull and Equipment
Distributing Boards
Frames
Lines Within Engine and Boiler Room
Skin
Main Engine
Bulkheads
Recesses
Main Engine Technical Specifications
Decks and Platforms
Diesel Engine
Foundations for the Main Engines and Auxil-
Spare Parts
iary Equipment
Instruments and Tools
Stacks
Coolers
Furniture and Equipment in the Compartments
Heat Regulators
Raw Items
Filters
Wood
Tanks
Coatings
Reduction Gear
Insulation
Paint
Main Turbogear Assemblies
Structures
Turbine
Deck Machinery
Reduction Gear
General Ship's Systems
Condenser
Electrical Equipment
Diesel Electric Plants
Navigational and Radio Equipment
Fittings
Main Diesel Generators
Electric Propeller Drives
Mechanical Equipment
Construction Services
Mechanical Equipment of Engine and Boiler
Docking Operations
Room
General Auxiliary & Production Operations
Shaft Alleys
Mooring Trials
Propellers
Sea Trials
Main and Auxiliary Boilers
Acceptance Trials
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Appendix D
Guidelines for Selecting Merchant Ships as Analogs
for Basic Naval Ships
To estimate the cost of specific basic naval
ships, different types of merchant ships are used,
as analogs. The following data show the various
examples:
1. Major Surface Combatants
CHG and CV-Dry Cargo
CA, CG, CL, & CLC-Dry Cargo or Aver-
age of Dry Cargo and Container Carrier
DD, DDG, FF, and FFL-Dry Cargo or
Average of Dry Cargo and Refrigerated
Ship
II. Minor Surface Combatants
PGGP-Dry Cargo or Average of Dry Cargo
and Refrigerated Ship
PCEP-Average of Dry Cargo and Con-
tainer Carrier
PB, PC, PCE, PCS, PGH, PGM, PT, PTC,
PTF, PTFG, and PTG-Dry Cargo
MCS, MSB, MSC, MSF, MSI, and
MSL-Dry Cargo
III. Amphibious Warfare Types
LKA and LCM-Dry Cargo
LCU, LPH, LSM, and LSV-Container or
Lighter Carrier
LST-Average of Lighter Carrier and
Roll-on/Roll-Off
Roll-on/Roll-off, and Dry Cargo
AETL-Container Carrier
AE-Refrigerated Ship
AG-Average of Dry Cargo and Refrigerated
Ship and Tanker or Container Carrier
AGB and AGBL-Average of Dry Cargo
and Refrigerated Ship (Ice reinforcement)
AGF and AGI-Dry Cargo
AGM-Average of Dry Cargo and Lighter
Carrier
AGOR-Average of Refrigerated Ship and
Container Carrier or Dry Cargo
AGS, AGT, and ALBD-Dry Cargo
AO and AOR-Tanker
AOS-Gas Carrier (Combined method for
petrol gases)
AOSR-Gas Carrier
APB-Dry Cargo (Ice reinforcement)
AR and ARL-Average of Dry Cargo and
Refrigerated Ship
ARC-Average of Dry Cargo and Tanker
(Strengthened Steel)
AS, ASL, and ASR-Refrigerated Ships or
Tugs or Dry Cargo
ATA and ATR-Dry Cargo
AWK-Tanker
ADG and AFS-Dry Cargo
AEM-Average of Container Carrier or
V. Surface Craft
YAM, YF, and YRD-Dry Cargo or Con-
tainer Carrier or Tanker, or average of all
of these
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Appendix F
Glossary of Ship Designators
This glossary is based on work done by the Defense
Intelligence Agency and published by them. This
system is in general use.
Major Surface Combatants
Guided Missile Helicopter Ship CHG
Aircraft Carrier CV
Heavy Cruiser CA
Light Cruiser CL
Guided Missile Cruiser CG
Command Light Carrier CLC
Destroyer DD
Guided Missile Destroyer DDG
Frigate FF
Small Frigate FFL
Minor Surface Combatants
Large Submarine Chaser PC
Patrol Escort PCE
Small Submarine Chaser PCS
Patrol Gunboat PG
Patrol Guided Missile Boat (point defense)PGGP
Motor Gunboat PGM
Patrol Boat PB
Patrol Gunboat (hydrofoil) PGH
Motor Torpedo Boat PT
Motor Boat Submarine Chaser PTC
Fast Patrol Craft PTF
Guided Missile Patrol Boat PTG
Large Guided Missile Boat PTFG
Mine Countermeasures Ship MCS
Minesweeping Boat MSB
Minesweeper, Coastal (nonmagnetic) MSC
Minesweeper, Fleet (steel hull) MSF
Minesweeper, Inshore MSI
Minesweeper Launch MSL
Amphibious Warfare Ships
Amphibious Cargo Ship LKA
Landing Craft, Mechanized LCM
Landing Craft, Utility LCU
Amphibious Assault Ship LPH
Medium Landing Ship LSM
Tank Landing Ship LST
Vehicle Landing Ship LSV
Auxiliary Ships
Degaussing Ship ADG
Ammunition Ship AE
Missile Support Ship AEM
Small Ammunition Transport AETL
Combat Store Ship AFS
Miscellaneous AG
Icebreaker AGB
Miscellaneous Command Ship AGF
Intelligence Collector AGI
Missile Range Instrumentation Ship AGM
Oceanographic Research Ship AGOR
Surveying Ship AGS
Target Service Ship AGT
Heavy Lift Buoy Tender ALBD
Oiler AO
Replenishment Oiler AOR
Special Liquid Carrier AOS
Radiological Liquid Carrier AOSR
Barracks Ship APB
Repair Ship AR
Cable Repairing Ship ARC
Landing Craft Repair Ship ARL
Submarine Tender AS
Small Submarine Tender ASL
Submarine Rescue Ship ASR
Auxiliary Ocean Tug ATA
Rescue Ocean Tug ATR
Water Carrier AWK
Service Craft
Missile Support Craft YAM
Covered Lighter YF
Floating Dry Dock Workshop YRD
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Secret
Secret
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OSR Report, SR 77-10069, "Estimating the Cost of Shipbuilding in the USSR,
August 1977,
MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Andrew W. Marshall
Director of Net Assessment, OSD
Room 3-A-930, The Pentagon
Washington, D.C. 20301
The attached report details one
of the principal pieces of analysis
underlying the change- which we made
last year in our estimate of Soviet
defense spending in rubles.
STAT
STAT
wri
FORM lUl EDITIONS sous
Chief
Military-Economic Analysis Center
OSR
Date 2 2 AUG 1977
MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Paul K. Cook
Director, Office of Research and
Analysis for the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe ( INR/DDR/RSE)
Room 4758, State Department
Washington, D.C.
The attached report details one
of the principal pieces of analysis
underlying the change which we made
last year in our estimate of Soviet
defense spending in rubles.
STAT
Chief
Military-Economic Analysis Center
OSR
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MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Daniel Gallik
Economic Division, Room 804
State Annex 6
Washington, D.C. 20451
The attached report details one
of the principal pieces of analysis
underlying the change which we made
last year in our estimate of Soviet
defense spending in rubles.
STAT
X13
5 75 101 ED USE ITIONS PREVIOUS
Chief
Military-Economic Analysis Center
OSR
Date
Mr. J. Dale Pafenberg
Hdqs. USAF (INA)
Department of the Air Force
Washington, D.C. 20330
The attached report details one
of the principal pieces of analysis
underlying the change which we made
last year in our estimate of Soviet
defense spending in rubles.
STAT
Chief
Military-Economic Analysis Center
OSR
2 2 AUG 19(7
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