SURVEY OF NIE DISSEMINATION AND USE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79R00971A000400020017-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 69
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 6, 2005
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: August 7, 1956
• Content Type: STUDY

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IAC-D-94/1
10 July 1956
IAC-Approved
7 August 1956
I N T E L L I G E N C E ADVISORY C O M M I T T E E
Survey of NIE Dissemination and Use
References: IAC-D-94 and IAC-M-186, item 4
1. The attached Survey of NIE Dissemination and Use was
prepared by the Board of National Estimates pursuant to IAC-D-94.
a. That the IAC note this report.
b. That each member of the IAC reexamine its pattern
of NIE distribution with the end of continuing to improve the
usefulness of NIE's to the policy, planning and executive
branches of his agency.
c. That each IAC agency undertake to brief new key
officials--(NIE consumers) within its department on the nature
of the NIE and the means at the disposal of these officials
for initiating NIE's responsive to specific intelligence problems
they may have.
d. That the IAC agencies continue to work toward
remedying the limitations noted in paragraph 9 of the
Conclusions and submit for IAC consideration any proposals
they may have for doing so.
3. On 7 August 1956, the IAC noted the Board's report and
approved the above recommejdations.
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Secretary
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SURVEY OF NIE DISSEMINATION AND USE
Prepared by the
Board of National Estimates
Central Intelligence Agency
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This Survey of NIE Dissemination)/and Use was initially
suggested by the Board of National Estimates, which believed that
in the light of four years' experience with the production of National
Intelligence Estimates, it was worthwhile to conduct an informal
survey of the use which various consumers outside the intelligence
community itself made of NIE's. The Director of Central Intelli-
gence proposed that the Board undertake such a survey and report
its findings to the IAC (IAC-D-94). The IAC concurred in this
procedure on 1 March 1955 (IAC-M-186, 1 March 1955).
The survey was conducted by the Board of National Estimates
in cooperation with the IAC agencies, in two stages. The first stage
was a written questionnaire to all offices and agencies receiving NIE's
which was designed to reveal the extent to which these estimates re-
ceived further dissemination within each agency. The results are
summarized in Part I (see Tab A for a list of those participating).
1/ Dissemination is used herein to mean the delivery of the printed
NIE, i. e., direct dissemination.
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The second stage was a series of interviews with a representative
sample of final consumers?/ to ascertain what use they actually made
of NIE's. Members and representatives of the Board of National
Estimates interviewed more than 75 representative end-users in all
receiving departments, offices, and. agencies except the Department of
the Navy, and the Department of Defense (see Tab B for those inter-
viewed). ONI and the Joint Intelligence Group preferred that sample
inquiries or interviews addressed to those consumers to whom they
disseminated NIE's be conducted by them (see Tab C for a list of
offices contacted). Because of differing methods and this division of
responsibility for the second stage, the results did not prove wholly
comparable. In addition to the interviews in Washington, letter
inquiries were sent by the appropriate IAC agencies to representative
consumers outside of Washington (see Tab D for list of those contacted
by letter). The results of the second stage of the survey are summarized
in Parts II and III.
2/ "Final Consumer" and "end-users" are used to mean a senior or
responsible officer at the receiving agency who might use national
intelligence in the discharge of his duties. The survey did not
cover the extensive use of NIE's within the intelligence community.
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The following limitations on the survey should be borne in mind:
a. It was not designed to obtain opinions regarding
the adequacy of NIE content or judgments on possible changes
to make NIE's more useful.
b. The number of valid over-all generalizations that
can be made is limited by the variations in the survey coverage
of the agencies and departments, the different types of NIE's,
and the uses to which they are put.
The primary goal of the survey was the limited one of establishing the
distribution pattern of NIE's and of shedding light on the kinds of uses
to which they are put.
The cut-off date for information on which this report is based
was 20 April 1956.
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1, An average of 249 NIE's3/ are distributed on a regular basis
to the White House, the National Security Council, the Operations
Coordinating Board, and the major departments and agencies with
national security responsibilities. Many of these are further distributed
to major commands and missions outside Washington, both overseas
and in the US. Selected NIE's go to the US Information Agency, the
Federal Civil Defense Agency, the Department of Commerce, and
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2. In most of these agencies, nearly all NIE's are distributed
to offices with over-all responsibilities in the national security field,
and selected NIE's are disseminated to lower echelons with narrower
responsibilities on a need-to-know basis. NIE's also receive substantial
indirect dissemination in most agencies through being incorporated,
attributed or unattributed, in staff briefings memoranda, or in materials
assembled for work on specific problems.
3/ Number of Top Secret NIE's distributed is less; see footnote 4
on page 10.
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3. Most top-level executives (the President and Department or
Agency heads) see only the relatively few NIE's which are selected
for them by their intelligence and screening officers, and then they
usually read only the conclusions, briefs, or selected portions. The
exceptions are most likely to be those NIE's dealing with crisis
situations requiring urgent and high-level policy decisions.
4. However, NIE's are extensively read by second and third
echelon officials in the White House staff and in the NSC and OGB
staffs, which require coordinated national intelligence in dealing with
national security problems which transcend the interests of a single
agency or department.
5. NIE's are also used in major departments and agencies by
various staffs responsible for national security planning and execution.
The extent of use tends to vary according to the applicability and time-
liness of a given NIE to the problem at hand, the user's access to
alternative or complementary sources of intelligence, and the degree
to which the users are concerned with problems transcending the
interests of their respective departments or agencies.
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6. However, aside from possible indirect dissemination, it
appears that some NIE's do not reach all of the departmental policy
or planning levels or other key officials who might find them useful.
Some of those interviewed indicated that they had not seen particular
NIE's which appeared pertinent to their responsibilities. In some
instances, this appeared to result from the failure of those in their
immediate offices to pass the NIE's on to their chiefs; in others,
the criteria for distribution appeared to be overly restrictive.
7. Although a number of NIE's are used in working on specific
planning and policy problems, they are more generally used for back-
ground purposes. In addition, the distribution of the collective
judgments of the intelligence community at nearly all levels of the
government performs a function that is important, though quantitatively
difficult to measure, in facilitating both the formulation and execution
of national security policy.
8. The majority of NIE users interviewed indicated that the
format and problem coverage of NIE's are generally adequate for their
purposes, though many expressed dissatisfaction with certain aspects
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of some NIE's. The survey obtained such expressions of opinion
only as a by-product, and there is not sufficient evidence to serve
as a basis for recommending changes.
9. Some of the limitations on NIE use mentioned in the survey
a. Some NIE's are too long to permit their being read
in full by top-level executives, and even by some interested
executives in the support echelons.
b. On the other hand, the generality of some NIE's
limits their usefulness, especially to lower echelons
responsible for detailed foreign policy planning and
execution.
C. Some NIE's are not relevant or timely enough for
use in working on specific policy problems.
d. Some officials feel that if NIE's placed more emphasis
on the consequence of US courses of action they would be of
more use in weighing the advantages or disadvantages of
various alternative courses open to the US.
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DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES
1. Initial Dissemination. CIA undertakes the printing and
initial dissemination of National Intelligence Estimates (NIE's) once
they have been approved by the IAC. Normally, 316 copies of each
Secret NIE4/ are printed. Of this total, some 67 are retained within
CIA for central reference, vital document storage, and reserve. The
remaining 2495/ copies are initially disseminated as follows:-
Navy
(25)
State
1(2p)
Defense
(21)
'Ind.
ente
AEC
(4)
(2)
Air
(31)
ICA
(3)
Army
;(50)
CIA
(66)
(1)
NSC*
(16)
House
(6) ,
TOTAL - 249
OCB
(4)
`Includes the members of the NSC, the Special Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs, and the NSC Secretariat and Staff.
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2. Onward Dissemination. The copies of each NIE are de-
livered en bloc to the receiving agencies, which are responsible for
onward dissemination to selected officials or officers in Washington,
elsewhere in the US and outside the country. In all the receiving
agencies which have an intelligence staff, that component receives the
NIE's initially, retains a certain number for its own use, and forward,
Flow of NIE'=s
Intelligence Staffs US Missions & Hdqtrs. Potential End-Users
in Washington
Selected
Foreign
Gover m
eats
26 t
*All breakdowns are based on total number of copies of Secret
NIE's normally printed. A11'figures are approximate.
Outside Washington in Washington
-9-
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the remainder to selected recipients according to the problem, area,
or subject addressed. The intelligence component is also responsible
for enforcing any special restrictions on NIE onward dissemination.
No standard distribution list for NIE's is used by any of the receiving
agencies, but certain officers are always on the list for all NIE's. In
the receiving agencies without a full-time intelligence staff, NIE's
usually go to a designated officer who performs the onward dissemination
and general control functions.
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3. Retention in Intelligence Staffs. Of the Z49 copies of
each NIE normally delivered to the receiving agencies in Washington,
about 93 copies are retained in the intelligence areas or staffs. The
average number of copies retained is as follows:
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In addition to those copies retained by the intelligence staffs of the
IAC agencies, a few copies are retained by the small intelligence
staffs of various non-IAC recipients. For example, the copy sent
to the President is normally retained by the Staff Secretary for
Intelligence, two copies are kept in the Intelligence Staff of the
Operations Coordinating Board, one in the International Cooperation
Administration, and one in the National Indications Center.
4. NIE Delivery to Potential End-Users in Washington.
Ordinarily, 99 copies are forwarded to potential end-users in
Washington. An examination of the distribution of these copies
provides additional information of a general nature on who uses NIE's
and what uses are actually made of them. An average of 74 of these
copies are sent to potential end-users in the IAC agencies (see chart).
Nearly all the 25 copies forwarded to potential end-users outside the
IAC agencies go to officers in the area of the government primarily
concerned with the final stages of policy formulation. Of these, 5
copies go to the White House and the President's Special Assistants,
18 go to the National Security Council and the Operations Coordinating
Board, and 2 go to the International Cooperation Administration.
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Thus, of the 99 copies forwarded to potential end-users in Washington,
about three-fourths go via IAC members to officers in their respective
departments who are concerned with either the formulation or the
execution of US foreign policy. Nearly all the rest of the NIE's go to
officers in the area of the government primarily concerned with the
final stages of US foreign policy formulation and decision.
To Potential End-Users in Washington
NSC
(16)
Army
'(23)
OCB
(2)
' House &
Special
Thite
(5)
Defense
(15)
Air
(12)
(1)
BI
AEC
(2)
ICA
(2)
CIA
(4)
State
(7)
Navy
(10)
TOTAL - 99
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5. NIE Dissemination Outside Washington. Normally, 57
copies of NIE's are forwarded to US missions or headquarters
outside Washington, most of them outside the country. About 45
copies are ordinarily sent to US officers who are stationed in
overseas installations or who represent the US in international
organizations; the remainder are sent to military commands in the
US outside of Washington. These NIE's are forwarded'by the
responsible IAC agency according to the area and the problem covered.
Of the total so delivered, the Department of State normally sends
about 9 copies, the Department of the Army, about 17, the Department
of the Navy, 7, the Department of the Air Force, 12. CIA normally
forwards 2 copies to the US Supreme Commander at SHAPE, 3 copies
to CIA operational representatives, and about 7 to other representa-
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To US Missions and Headquarters Outside Washington
TOTAL - 57*
See paras. 44-4$. Ordinarily, NIE's sent overseas to one
departmental representative are available to representatives
of other services in the area.
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RECEIPT, READERSHIP, AND USE
A. The White House and the President's Special Assistants
7. Six copies of NIE's are received by the White House staff.
Copies of each are routed to: (a) the Staff Secretary for Intelligence,
(b) the Office of the Special Assistant for Psychological Affairs, and
(c) the Office of the Special Assistant for Disarmament Matters. The
Office of the Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Affairs receives
9/
only those NIE's relating to specific and assigned problems.
8. The President himself sees only those NIE's which are
selected for him by the Staff Secretary for Intelligence or those which
he asks for after having been briefed on their contents. In the majority
of cases the President relies on the briefings of NIE's, either oral or
written, prepared by the Staff Secretary for Intelligence. The Director
9/ The Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Matters
is considered a part of the NSC, inasmuch as the Special Assistant
is Chairman of the NSC Planning Board.
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of Central Intelligence also occasionally briefs on NIE's at NSC
meetings. The President regards NIE's as important to him in
several respects. Primarily, NIE's are valuable because they
represent the best possible resolution at the intelligence level of
differences among most departments and agencies participating in
initial formulation and execution of US foreign policy, i. e., completed
staff work. The President also regards as useful those NIE's which
deal with specific foreign policy problems on which he is currently
working. Finally, the President makes use of the small number of
NIE's which contain new information, a new approach, or some new
ideas and interpretations.
9. The Special Assistants for Psychological Affairs, la/ for
Disarmament Matters, and for Economic Affairs are not ordinarily
first-hand recipients of NIE's. NIE's are first used in varying degrees
by the ranking officer in each office. Thus, the impact that NIE's have
on the Special Assistants depends almost entirely on the extent to
which their subordinates use the NIE's in doing the necessary staff
10/ At the time this was office of Mr. Nelson Rockefeller.
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work for their principals and the President.
10. The ranking officers on the staffs of the White House Special
Assistants read the conclusions of virtually all NIE's received. In
this way, they learn the collective judgment of the intelligence community
on the important problems of the day and are in a position to determine
whether further use can be made of the NIE. The extent to which they
go on to read the Discussion depends upon a variety of factors and
generalizations are difficult. How thoroughly an NIE will be read and
used often depends on such intangibles as the amount of time available
when the NIE arrives, how rxiuch or little the receiving officer happens
to know about the subject, and the receiving officer's estimate of his
superior's. interest and requirements. However, the most important
factor determining hov, thoroughly an NIE is read by White House staff
officers is its subject matter and its applicability, both in substance
and timeliness, to the work of the reader.
11. Thus, the Office of the Special Assistant for Disarmament
Matters and the President's Staff Secretary for Intelligence use NIE's
more extensively than the Office of the Special Assistants for
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Psychological Affairs and Economic Affairs. Few NIE's directly treat
the problems with which the latter offices are concerned, and most
readers found them only of "some" 11/ use for background purposes.
On the other hand, a wide range of NIE's (some of them specifically
requested) are the only source of agreed intelligence judgment and in-
formation essential to the work of the Assistant for Disarmament
Matters.
B. The National Security Council and Planning Board
12. This section deals with the receipt of NIE's and their use in
the production of NSC papers, and will not describe the use made of
NIE's by the individual members of the NSC. Sixteen copies are re-
ceived by the National Security Council and the Office of the Special
Assistant to the President for National Security Matters. The Special
Assistant, the Secretary of the NSC, and the Deputy Secretary all
receive copies of all NIE's. The majority of the NSC staff members
also regularly receive copies of all NIE's. Selected NIE's are brought
to the attention of the Council members.
11 / The use rating was "great, considerable, some, little, or none."
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13. All recipients in the NSC Secretariat regularly read the
conclusions of all NIE's and in the majority of cases read the text
as well. The NIE's which receive the closest attention are those
which deal with a. problem with which the Planning Board or the NSC
is currently engaged.
14. Apart from the use made by members of the NSC and its
Planning Board within their respective departments (covered below),
it should be noted that the NSC and the Planning Board do use the
NIE's directly. The Director of Central Intelligence frequently
uses NIE's in his weekly oral briefing of the NSC. NIE's are used by
the CIA representative at Planning Board meetings. NIE's are also
the intelligence contributions to NSC policy papers, on occasion being
incorporated in part verbatim in the NSC text.
15. The importance of NIE's to the Special Assistant for
National Security Affairs and the NSC Secretariat derives primarily
from their need for the collective judgments of the intelligence
community. Just as their major preoccupation is with matters tran-
scending the responsibility of one agency or department, so they
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require fully coordinated national intelligence. Similarly, the close
relationship between the intelligence estimate of the situation and the
US policy with regard to that situation causes the NSC staff to study
closely and rely heavily on NIE's. In summary, the majority of users
of NIE's in the NSC staff and secretariat consider them of great value
because they express the intelligence community's collective judgment,
provide useful background information, and are used directly in
working on NSC policy papers.
C. NSC Net Evaluation Subcommittee..
16. The NSC Net Evaluation Subcommittee relies almost ex-
elusively on NIE's for its intelligence support. The nature of its work
requires that the intelligence it uses be fully coordinated national
intelligence. Several NIE's are prepared expressly for the NESC.
For these reasons, the NIE's which deal with Soviet capabilities for
attack on the US are carefully and thoroughly read and frequently re-
ferred to by all members of the NESC staff during the preparation of
the annual NESC report.
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D. The Operations Coordinating Board
17. This section deals with the receipt and use of NIE's by
the OCB secretariat and staff. NIE use by the OCB members them-
selves will be treated under the appropriate departmental or agency
section. The OCB secretariat and staff receives four copies of all
NIE's. The Executive Secretary, Deputy Secretary, and Chief of the
Intelligence Staff each receive a copy, and all officers working on
special projects receive NIE's which deal with the problem they are
working on. All recipients read the conclusions of all NIE's and in
the great majority of cases the full text as well. The Executive
Secretary reads the full text of those NIE's which bear on problems
on which OCB is currently working. He often reads extensively in
other NIE's as well as a means of clarifying his own thinking about
the range of foreign policy problems for which OCB is or may become
responsible.
18. NIE's contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the
work of the OCB secretariat. They provide useful background in-
formation, make available the collective judgment of the intelligence
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community for use in preparing OGB progress reports, and to a
lesser extent supply judgments and information not available
elsewhere. However, NIE's are not as extensively used by the OCB
as they are by the NSC Planning Board and secretariat. The principal
reasons for this are: (a) the major portion of OCR's work and papers
is organized on a country basis and therefore a number of the functional
or generalized NIE's are of little direct use; (;b) OCB progress reports
are issued periodically and there is not always an up-to-date NIE
available at the time when it could be used to greatest advantage;
(c) frequently OCB reports require more detailed information than is
contained in the average NIE;; ('d)' OCB receives more intelligence from
sources other than NIE's than does the NSC secretariat.
E. The Department of State
19. The Special Assistant for Intelligence (R) forwards an
average of seven copies of each NIE to various users throughout the
Department, the nu i?')er varying with the subject matter. He normally
forwards a summary of each NIE to the Secretary of State and Under
Secretary with the full estimate attached. Copies of the Advance
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Conclusions are frequently forwarded when the NIE is especially timely.
In this form the Secretary and Under Secretary see the gist of a high
proportion of NIE's. Occasionally a particularly important NIE on an
urgent problem will also be brought to their personal attention by
another member of their staff, by the Assistant Secretary for an area,
by the Director of the Policy Planning Staff, or by the Director of
Central Intelligence. The Secretary thus makes use of NIE's as
another source of information inhandling a particular problem of the
moment. In some cases the Secretary and the Under Secretary also
receive the substance of appropriate NIE's as part of their morning
briefings.
20. The Director, Policy Planning Staff, receives all NIE's.
Initially, he reads only selected NIE's and selectively in them.
Subsequently, he reads conclusions and text of almost all NIE's and
devotes particular attention?to those which pertain to particular foreign
policy prdblems he is engaged on. He considers NIE's as essential
for personal background and for working on specific foreign policy
problems.
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21. NIE's are routed to other areas in the Department largely
on a geographic basis. The "R" Area sends. to each Assistant Secretary
those NIE's which concern his area. Valid generalizations concerning
the extent to which NIE's are read are difficult because of such varying
factors as: (a) other demands on the recipient's time when the NIE's
are received; (b) the applicability of the NIE to the problems confronting
the reader at the moment; and (c) the degree of the recipient's prior
knowledge of the subject of the NIE. In comparison with users in the
military agencies, the State Department readers in area offices tend
to rely less on NIE's for personal information. This is so in part
because State officials are already intimately familiar with the
political, economic, and social analyses which form a large portion
of NIE's and in part because they receive a larger daily flow of in-
formation about their area of concern. Nevertheless, NIE's are
thought to be of "considerable" 12 / value at all levels by most of the
officers working on specific foreign policy problems, particularly in
12/ The rating range was "great, considerable, some, little, or none."
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the preparation of drafts for the NSC Planning Board, which are of
the same level of generality as NIE's. NIE's also have considerable
value as a reference to the collective judgment of the intelligence
community.
F. The Department of Defense 13/
22. The Joint Intelligence Group forwards an average of three
NIE's to the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Principal use is made
by the Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Special Operations,
where the estimates are read with varying degrees of thoroughness de-
pending on their nature and content.
23. The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. An average of 12
NIE's are distributed to non-intelligence users in the office of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff. The JIG questionnaire indicates that (a) only the
conclusions are usually read in the office of the Chairman, JCS, and
13 The Survey at the Department of Defense and JCS level was
conducted by the Joint Intelligence Group on the basis of written
questionnaires.
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in the Joint Strategic Survey Committee; (b) the entire estimate is
"sometimes" read in the office of the Joint Logistic Plans Group;
and (c) the entire text is "usually" read in the office of NSC Affairs
and in the Joint Strategic Plans Group.
24. Answers to the JIG questionnaire indicate that NIE's are
read primarily for personal background and information, with only
three of the seven offices responding indicating that NIE's were con-
sistently used for working on specific problems. For example, one
office which replied that it consistently used NIE's for working on a
specific problem also replied that the substance of some NIE's was not
adequate for its purposes. The most frequently mentioned limitation
on NIE's was that they were too general.
25. In addition to their direct use by end recipients, many NIE's
are extensively used by the Joint Intelligence Group in the preparation
of the political and economic portions of JIC papers and of various JIG
briefings and memoranda.
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G. The-Department of the Army
26. Of the 50 copies of NIE's sent to the Department of the
Army, an average of 23 are forwarded by AC of S, Intelligence (G-2),
to offices and individuals in Washington directly responsible for those
aspects of Army plans and operations which concern or are affected
by developments abroad. The Secretary of the Army and the Chief of
Staff receive a copy of all NIE's; each NIE so forwarded has a one-
page summary prepared by G-2 which includes the NIE's major con-
clusions.
27. One difficulty in assessing the impact of NIE's in the
Department of the Army stems from the variety of ways in which their
contents are brought to the attention of the top Department officials.
For example, the substance-of a newly published NIE is almost always
included in the weekly briefing by G-2 which is attended by top of-
ficials of the Department. The major conclusions of all NIE's are also
included in "black books" which are prepared for various officials
either for their background information or for their use in dealing with
a particular problem. Finally, in providing intelligence support for
Department officials, including the weekly briefings mentioned above,
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G-2 will often rely heavily on NIE's even though the end product does
not specifically indicate such reliance.
28. Among others, the following Army officials receive and
read with varying degrees of thoroughness the majority of NIE'
Secretary of the Army, Chief of Staff, Deputy. Chief of Staff for Plans
and Research, Assistant Secretary of Civilian-Military Affairs, and
Deputy Chief Plans Division of G-3. In most cases, the NIE's are first
screened by personal staff subordinates, who will check or side-line
appropriate portions. The thoroughness with which an NIE is read by
the principals appears to depend upon a number of factors which include:
(a) their individual working habits and interests; (b) the timeliness and
applicability of a given NIE to problems currently confronting them;
(c) their need for joint community judgments; i. e., in preparing for NSC
meetings or intelligence conferences or papers with other countries; and
(d) the extent to which their attention is flagged by their screeners.
Although the survey material is inadequate to permit firm generalizations,
as a general rule NIE's have the greatest impact at this level in the Army
when they deal with important matters affecting over-all Army plans and
policy (the impact of nuclear parity), treat subjects affecting the Army
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which are particularly controversial (the fall of Dien Bien Phu), or
affect plans for the disposition of Army resources (Yugoslavia,
Baghdad Pact, Korea).
29. NIE's are more extensively used in G-3 than in any other
office of the Department of the Army except G-2. It is here that relevant
NIE's are often usdd :as an integral part of the process of preparing Army
plans. Frequently, estimates in NIE's form the basis for the assumptions
upon which Army plans are prepared. The level of generality in an NIE
is adequate in some cases for the work done in G-3, and where it isn't
supplementary detailed information is obtained from G-2. All G-3 desk
officers receive all NIE's which pertain to the problems they are as-
signed.
30. In summary, the chief uses to which NIE's are put in the
Department of the Army seem to be as a reference to the collective
judgments of the intelligence community, as a convenient source of
personal background information on a variety of subjects affecting Army
policy and programs, and as a useful tool for working out specific Army
or national foreign policy aroblem.a.
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The Department of the Air Force
31. AFOIN regularly forwards 12 NIE's to Air Force offices
in Washington. These include the Secretary of the Air Force, the
Chief of Staff, and the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, as well as the
major components charged with planning and operational responsibili-
ties in the field.
32. The Secretary of the Air Force is shown only a limited
number of NIE's. . These are selected for him largely on the basis
of providing him with the collective judgment of the intelligence com-
munity on joint military planning matters which have direct and
important implications for the Air Force.
33. A small number of NIE's are brought to the attention of the
Chief of Staff and the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, when in the
opinion of AFOIN, they pertain to Air Force matters, allude to par-
ticularly interesting political developments, or contain interesting
dissents. They read those portions of NIE's which are brought to their
attention largely for personal background and so that they may be aware
of collective judgments on matters of concern to them. The Director,
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AFOIN, finds that NIE's have not been of as much direct use as
desirably they might be in dealing with the responsibilities of the
Chief of Staff and the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, in decision
making, or establishing a position in dealing with other officials.
NIE's have been useful in supplementing other information. The
Director, AFOIN, believes that NIE's would be more useful to the
.Air Force leadership if they more clearly identified things that are
causative in certain situations in such terms as to give action
people the best chance to decide whether they should prepare against
these things, destroy or reduce them, increase them, or take no
action. NIE's are also used in connection with Joint Strategic Plans
and in preparing special studies to be referred to the Chief of Staff,.
1. The Department of the Navy
34. On an average, ONI forwards 10 copies of all NIE's to
non-intelligence echelons, including the offices of the Secretary
of the Navy, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Politico-Military
Policy Division, and the Strategic Plans Division. In all these
offices, NIE's are screened by qualified staff members before further
distribution is made,
35. The Secretary of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Operations
make direct use of only a limited number of NIE's. In general, they
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rely primarily for their intelligence on briefings by their departmental
staffs. In most cases, these staffs use NIE's in preparing intelligence
material for the SECNAV and CNO and attributed briefs of newly
published NIE's are included in the twice-weekly ONI briefings.
However, the SECNAV and CNO only occasionally are told what portions
of their briefings stem directly from NIE's or other estimates, and
then only when the briefing. concerns a special problem on which they
are working. Certain NIE's may be selected by their aides or for-
warded by the various staff divisions as being of particular interest.
When so forwarded, the entire estimate is usually read, with par-
ticular reference to the noted portions. The principal criteria for
selecting NIE's for forwarding directly to the SECNAV and the CNO are
relevance to current problems where the collective judgment of the
community is important and which have a direct bearing on national
decisions importantly affecting Navy interests, policies, and programs.
36. The Politico-Military Policy Division and the Strategic
Plans Division are the major users of NIE's in the Department of the
Navy. The Directors of the Divisions do not initially see all NIE's,
although most eventually reach them, with appropriate sections
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side-lined or with staff comments. In general, the Division Directors
read only the conclusions and the side-lined portions of the text of
those NIE's which they receive.
37. The extent to which NIE's are initially used and read in
the two divisions depends primarily on their relevance to the work
immediately at hand. The conclusions are almost invariably read
upon receipt by all users. The NIE's are subsequently used in varying
degrees in connection with reviewing plans, preparing memoranda on
current developments, and drafting intelligence annexes of area
studies. Although NIE's appear to have considerable value in pro-
viding information for personal background, their more important
use is in bringing the collective judgment of the intelligence community
to. bear on working out the Navy's position on specific foreign policy
questions. These uses include: (a) providing a basis for joint action;
(b) providing a check against individual judgments; (c) furnishing an
over-all point of view; and (d) permitting a more rounded evaluation
of proposed national policy. In general, NIE's serve a useful purpose
in support of work on over-all, long-range problems or on questions
of national policy, but are much less useful in their application to
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specific or detailed naval problems.
J. The Federal Bureau of Investigation
38. Two copies of all NIE's produced are received in the office
of the representative of the FBI on the IAC. He prepares a summary
to attach to the copy forwarded to the Director. The other copy is
normally routed to the espionage unit and to the office of domestic
intelligence. The Director of the FBI is forwarded NIE's primarily
for briefing and background purposes. The other principal use of
NIE's to the FBI is to facilitate the coordination of domestic and
foreign intelligence activities.
K. The Atomic Energy Commission
39. The Atomic Energy Commission receives four copies of
all NIE's. The Chief of the Intelligence Division screens all NIE's
received and determines their further distribution within the Commission.
NIE's fall into three general categories as far as AEC use is concerned.
Those NIE's or portions thereof dealing with AEC matters are of
limited use largely because the AEC itself is a major participant in
their preparation. Those which deal with countries with which the US
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has atomic energy agreements or upon whom the US relies for atomic
energy resources are of considerable value to the AEC in formulating
its programs and policies in the foreign field. Finally, those NIE's
of a more general character are used primarily in the AEC for
general background information of responsible officials who have some
concern with foreign policy problems.
L. The International Cooperation Administration
40. ICA receives three copies of all NIE's. They are screened
by the Special Assistant to the Director for OCB and NSC matters and
selected by him for further appropriate dissemination. Normally,
NIE's are forwarded to the Director's office (usually side-lined or
briefed), to the Director of Plans, the appropriate area chief, and to
others involved in NSC or OCB support.
41. In addition to providing personal background information,
NIE's are used principally as (a) starting points by country desk
officers for NSC status reports and various reports to the OCB; (b)
as bases for evaluating the mutual security programs in various
countries; and (c) as summary briefings for ranking officials preparing
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to visit foreign countries. ICA respondent indicated that NIE's
generally do not treat economic matters in sufficient detail to be of
much use in working out detailed economic programs for individual
countries.
M. The United States Information Agency
42. USIA receives four copies of ;those estimates approved for
release by the IAC (in practice almost all NIE's). On arrival, NIE's
receive almost automatic distribution to those responsible for the
subject matter treated, with copies of all NIE's going to the Director's
office and to the Chief of the Intelligence Division. NIE's are of only
minor direct use in the work of USIA. They are read primarily for
personal background and information purposes. Some recipients find
the collective community judgments contained therein as useful checks
on their own thinking. Occasionally, the long-range forecasts in
NIE's are used as a basis for determining the priority of ;USIA effort
assigned to particular countries, areas, or problems.
N. The Central Intelligence Agency
43. Four copies are distributed to the Office of the Director,
one to each of the following: The Director, who is the intelligence
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adviser to the NSC; The Deputy Director; The Deputy Director
(Intelligence), who is the intelligence adviser to the NSC Planning
Board; and to the NSC Planning Board Assistant. These officials
participate actively in the work of the NSC, which makes use of NIE's
in deliberations and in drafting policy papers (see paragraphs 12-15
for NSC use). In addition, eight, copies I !NIE''s are. distributed for use
in the DD/P area of CIA headquarters in Washington, where they are
used in varying degrees by planning and area offices. Recipients rate
NIE's as valuable for personal background and information, particu-
larly because they contain the collective judgment of the intelligence
community. NIE's are also useful in alerting planners to the possible
need for preemptive operations in areas that may become critical.
Finally, NIE's are variously used as a basis for over-all planning,
developing regional plans, making various types of progress reports,
and preparing requirements for intelligence collection.
0. Distribution and Use Outside of Washington
44. The information on the use of NIE's outside of Washington
was 'obtained by the use of written questionnaires (except for SAC which
responded to the AFOIN questionnaire, and also was interviewed).
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The information so obtained is not as complete, both in substance and
in the proportion of replies to number of recipients, as was possible
in the case of Washington users.
45. Department of State. The Special Assistant, Intelligence,
distributes an average of nine ME's to State Department posts overseas,
using as principal criterion the relevancy of a given NIE to the duties
of the post. NIE's are read with interest and thoroughness by the top-
level officers (including military attaches) in all the overseas missions.
However, most missions report that the principal value of NIE's is for
background information, as a useful briefing document for incoming
personnel or official visitors, and especially as a guide to thinking in
Washington.
46. Department of the Army. The Army normally distributes
about 17 copies of NIE's to Army Commanders in the ZI, major over-
seas commands, appropriate Army schools and military attaches, and
commands for which the Army is executive agent. The number of NIE's
sent overseas varies with the subject matter of the NIE. The following
views on the use of NIE's are based on replies to a G-2 questionnaire
by USEUCOM and the Far East Command, and the Carribean Command.
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NIE's are available to a limited number of high-level officials outside
the intelligence divisions. The principal use of NIE's in these commands
is as important sources of background material--often unavailable else-
where--for use by the intelligence divisions in performing their normal
intelligence briefing and operational support functions.
47. Department of the Air Force. The Air Force ordinarily
sends an average of 12 copies of NIE's to four overseas commands and
to eight command headquarters in the US outside of Washington. The
following is based upon responses to an AFOIN questionnaire by ADC,
the Alaskan Air Command, the Northeast Air Command, and upon an
interview with SAC. In both the interior and overseas commands,
NIE's are used extensively in the preparation of command estimates of
the enemy situation and often contain information not available else-
where. The Strategic Air Command found NIE's.particularly valuable
as being the principal source of the top-level intelligence thinking and
collective intelligence judgments evolving in Washington. SAC also
makes considerable use of NIE's as a source of personal background
information and for organizational planning.
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48. Department of the Navy. The Navy disseminates an
average of seven NIE's to overseas commands. NIE's are extensively
used by the intelligence divisions of these commands as a basis for
providing over-all guidance to the policy and planning echelons either
directly or as part of locally prepared intelligence estimates. Several
of the commands indicated that NIE's constitute their most important,
if not their only, source of fully coordinated national intelligence and
guide to top-level intelligence thinking in Washington.
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REACTIONS TO NIE CONTENT, FORM AND LANGUAGE
49. As a supplement to the main thrust of the NIE Survey, a
number of questions were asked on various aspects of NIE's. In
addition, the Survey itself naturally evoked a number of informal
responses going beyond the main scope of the Survey. The most
significant of these reactions are summarized below.
50. Applicability of NIE's to Specific Working Problems. The
question of the application of NIE's to specific tasks evoked perhaps
the most complicated set of comments. Any generalization on this
subject is made difficult by the fact that NIE's are read by a fairly
large group of US officials who work on a wide variety of problems and
who deal with these problems at many different levels of specificity.
As an example, one NIE reader may be concerned with the formulation
of a policy to guide US relations with friendly and neutral nations of
the Far East for the next five years; another may be concerned with
the planning and execution of the economic aid program for Indochina
for the next 12 months. The wide range of subjects covered by NIE's
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as a series also makes it difficult for end-users to appraise the appli-
cability of the NIE's as a whole to their specific working problems.
51. Considering all NIE recipients as a group, the large
majority indicated no serious difficulties in applying the general judg-
ments of NIE's. However, there was a sharp split in this appraisal
between the White House Staff, the President's Special Assistants,
the NSC Planning Board and the Operations Coordinating Board, on the
one hand, and those in the departments and agencies on the other. The
majority of the former group indicated some degree of difficulty with
selected NIE's. Many of their comments indicated a feeling that the
broader the level of generalization in the NIE the less likely that it
was"founded on known facts. The difference in the attitudes of the
White House respondents and those in departments and agencies may
be due to some extent to the fact that the former, not being as immersed
in a day-to-day flow of intelligence, feel more need for background de-
tail or analysis. In contrast, those respondents in the departments and
agencies are more fully briefed on foreign developments as part of
their regular duties. White House respondents may tend to view the
NIE as their basic document from the intelligence community on any
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given problem addressed. The departmental officer, by contrast, is
not so dependent upon detailed NIE back-up. In most instances, he
can call upon his departmental intelligence unit to provide more detailed
treatment, and quite often he does.
52. Degree of Duplication between NIE's and Other Intelligence.
A majority of the respondents found half or more of the NIE's received
by them generally duplicative of other intelligence. The remainder
felt that less than half (or none) duplicated other intelligence received.
It was of course apparent during the interviews that few respondents
had the same personal tastes or the same flow of intelligence papers
across their desks, which would largely determine the extent to which
they found NIE's duplicatory of other intelligence. The typical comment
made was that NIE's served primarily as a convenient source of data
and thinking pertaining to a given subject. The main value of an NIE
was in its providing a convenient summary along the above lines as
well as the collective judgments of the full-time intelligence people who
follow such matters.
53. On the question of which parts of an NIE were most often
found to be duplicative, only about half the respondents replied. These
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indicated that judgments, analysis and argumentation, and the basic
data were duplicated in varying degrees by other publications re-
ceived. Comments by these respondents indicated that they did not
expect newness or originality in an NIE, but that these, when there,
were valuable. Duplication of NIE content was mentioned as occurring
in (a) special request intelligence papers; (b) studies published by
agencies contributing to NIE's; (c) cables and telegrams; and (d)
newspapers and magazines.
54. General vs. Specific NIE's. The question of whether
NIE's should cover broad general subjects or be more specific in
their subject matter proved difficult to answer. This difficulty ap-
peared to derive to some extent from the respondent's not having
previously given any detailed thought to this problem and from his
understandable reluctance to appear to limit the freedom of choice
of those guiding national intelligence production. Only about half the
respondents mentioned this subject and nearly all who did suggested
some increase in the number of "specific" NIE's. By specific was
meant '(a) those concentrating on a particular aspect of, say, the
Soviet problem, such as the Soviet guided missile program, in
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contrast to the general Soviet paper; (b) those concentrating upon
selected aspects of an area, such as economic problems in the Near
East, as contrasted to an NIE providing a general round-up of all the
factors in that area; (c) those concentrating upon a single country as
opposed to those dealing rather equally with all countries in an area;
and (d) those concentrating upon selected aspects of a problem in a
country, such as, Berlin rather than a broad gauge review of ;the
German problem.
55. In general, the preference for these "specific" kinds of
NIE's seemed to come from respondents with well-defined geographic
or functional responsibilities. Also, many respondents emphasized
that the desired increase in "specific?" NIE's should not be accomplished
by reducing the number of NIE's now dealing with other subjects.
Several respondents acknowledged that the specific type of NIE sug-
gested would be more closely tied to a given situation, and therefore
would probably have a briefer lifespan than the more general type of
NIE. The only two respondents requesting more "general" NIE's were
concerned with world-wide policy planning and general economic
coverage.
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56. Dissents. Attitude patterns on this question were con-
sistent among the NIE recipients. Nearly all respondents, regardless
of their area or specific duty were satisfied with the clarity of dis-
sents in the majority of NIE's. More than one-third felt the difference
was "always" clear; more than half felt the difference was "usually"
clear. Only two felt about half the dissents were not clear. A large
number of respondents favored the inclusion of the reasoning to support
the dissent, though they recognized that controlling its length presented
a difficult problem.
57. The evaluation of the usefulness of dissents was not quite
so unanimous as the opinion on clarity. Nevertheless, the majority of
respondents indicated that the dissents were of "some," "great" or
livery great" value. Only six indicated the dissents to be of little
value to them. The general thinking of the majority was that such a
device increased the confidence of the reader; i. e. , where dissents
were used, the reader felt that he was receiving both sides of a con-
troversial issue, and where dissents did not appear he could assume
there were no serious differences of opinion among the IAC agencies.
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Even those readers who had no specific interest in the content of most
of the dissents favored their use "in principle."
58. Length. The length and coverage of individual NIE's
was another aspect on which there was general agreement. Although
only a little more than three-fourths of the respondents expressed
views, nearly all of these felt that the majority of NIE's were adequate
in length and subject coverage. However, not a single respondent felt
that all NIE's he read were adequate, in length and coverage. Two felt
that only half or less of the NIE's were unsatisfactory in these respects.
Two others felt NIE's were generally "too long." At first glance, this
appears to be a heavy vote of confidence and an expression of satis-
faction with present length and coverage of individual NIE's. It should
be pointed out, however, that there was no attempt to define what
degree above one-half was represented by the term "the majority."
It was merely defined for the respondents as more than one-half.
59. Estimative Language. The respondents were asked to
express their opinion as to the clarity of the general estimative
language, and particularly the "odds terms" (almost certainly, probably,
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even chance, unlikely, etc. ) used to convey a range of probability for
various predictions. The majority of readers felt that both were
understandable. The readers gave the "odds terms" a slightly higher
clarity rating than the general language, even though many respondents
were not fully aware of either the meaning of the individual "odds terms"
used by the estimators to express the range of probability or the attempt
to use these terms with consistency from one NIE to another. When
asked to check his own interpretation of the odds terms with the esti-
mator's use, the respondent usually agreed on the general order of
probability, but boggled slightly at trying to pin these terms to a
mathematical spread. However, the large majority both of those who
were aware of the specific intent of the odds terms and of those not so
aware agreed that the general meaning of the terms was clear to them.
Three-fourths felt the terms were "understandable" and the remainder
felt the terms were either "clear" or "extremely" clear. Only two
respondents felt the, odds terms caused difficulty. A few respondents
commented that the odds terms should only be considered in the
context of the general estimative language. Several suggested that
the odds terms be printed inside the NIE cover.
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60. Judging the general estimative language was an extremely
difficult task for most respondents. The decisions by appellate courts
were sometimes used for comparison. The large majority felt the
language was understandable, but no one thought it was "extremely
clear." About one-fifth thought the language was "clear" and about
three-fourths thought it "understandable." A few considered the
language to be difficult to understand. Some comments were received
that estimative expression is a new task for the written language and
that the accomplishment to date is rather remarkable considering the
short time the estimators have been in business.
61. Timeliness. This aspect of NIE's was also rather difficult
for respondents to assess. About one-third of the respondents ex-
pressed no views on this problem. If the respondent considered the
difficulties involved in producing a timely national estimate, he almost
always came ?up with the feeling that NIE's were "about as timely as
could be expected."''
xpected. "' ' To avoid this, respondents were asked to consider
NIE timeliness entirely in terms of its application to their problems.
This, of course, did not work too well in regard to general ME's
and may have placed too much emphasis upon the "spot" or "crash"
NIE's. No one felt that NIE's were "always" ahead of the problem
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10 July 1956
addressed. About half of the respondents felt NIE's "more often than
not" were ahead of the problem. A few felt NIE's were "ahead of the
problem" about half the time and a few also felt NIE's were "behind
the problem" more often than not.
62. Organization and Format. The organization and format
of NIE's received almost unanimous approval. A large majority felt
the organization and format were "good"; a few felt they were
"excellent." Only one respondent rated them as only "fair." Although
no detailed questions were asked regarding aspects of NIE format,
some respondents suggested that selected graphics would aid in ab-
sorbing masses of information, especially economic data. Others
felt that it was somewhat easier to read copy with lines running across
the page rather than in two columns. The Conclusions were considered
especially valuable as a means of "getting at the meat" of the NIE.
Those who did criticize the Conclusions were concerned more with
the content than with the form. The most often-mentioned suggestion
was that the Conclusions should be more of a summary of the entire
text. Some suggestions were made that the connection between the
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Conclusions and the supporting text be made more apparent. Along
this line, the numbering of the supporting paragraphs after each
Conclusion was considered especially useful by those respondents
who ordinarily read only selected portions of the text.
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List of Agencies Which Provided Distribution
Data for the NIE Survey
The National Security Council
The Operations Coordinating Board
The Department of State
The Department of Defense
The Department of the Army
The Department of the Navy
The Department of the Air Force
The Atomic Energy Commission
The Federal Bureau of Investigation
The National Security Agency
The United States Information Agency
The Office of Defense Mobilization
The International Cooperation Administration
The Central Intelligence Agency
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List of Respondents* for NIE Survey
Interviewed by CIA/NE
Col. Andrew Goodpastor
Staff Secretary for the President
Gen. Theodore C. Parker
Office of Mr. Nelson Rockefeller
Special Assistant to the President for
Psychological Affairs
Lt. Col. Paul H. Cullen and Mr. Edward Galbreath
Office of Mr. Joseph Dodge, Special Assistant to
the President for Economic Affairs
Mr. Robert Matteson
Acting Director, Staff for Mr. Stassen,
Special Assistant to the President for
Disarmament Matters
NSC-NSC Planning Board
Mr. Dillon Anderson
Special Assistant to the President for
National Security Matters and Chairman
of the NSC Planning Board
Mr. James S. Lay and Mr. S. Everett Gleason
NSC Secretariat
Note. Titles and ranks used are those in effect at the time
of the interview.
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10 July 1956
NSC Net Evaluations Subcommittee Staff
Brig. Gen. Gordon B. Rogers
Deputy Director
CIA
o . war A. Herbes, USAF
Col. Worth L. Kindred, USA
Mr. Elmer Staats
Executive Secretary
Mr. J. E. MacDonald
4CB Staff Representative
Mr. Neilson Debevoise
Intelligence Staff
Dr. Horace Craig
Chief of Intelligence Staff
State
Mr. Robert Bowie
Director, Policy Planning Staff
Mr. Robert Barnes
Director, Executive Secretariat
Mr. Walter Radius, Staff Assistant to
the Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Economic Affairs
Mr. C. Burke Elbrick
Deputy Assistant Secretary for
European Affairs
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10 July 1956
State (continued)
Mr. Cecil B. Lyon
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Bureau of Inter-American Affairs
Mr. Jacques Reinstein
Director, Office of German Affairs
Mr. Fraser Wilkins
Director, Office of Near Eastern Affairs
Mr. Kenneth T. Young
Director, Office of Philippine and
Southeast Asian Affairs
Mr. William Crawford
Deputy Director, Office of
Eastern European Affairs
Mr. Walter McConaughy
Chief, Office of Chinese Affairs
Mr. Walter Stoessel
Chief, USSR Staff
Army
Hon. Wilber M. Brucker
Secretary of the Army
Col. F. C. Weyand
Aide to Secretary of the Army
and
Col. Cuyler L. Clark
Assistant Aide to Secretary of the Army
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Army (continued)
Col. Donald B. Harriott
Office of Assistant Secretary of the Army
for Civilian-Military Affairs
Brig. Gen. W. C. Westmoreland
Secretary of General Staff
Col. William Price for Lt. Gen. James M. Gavin
Deputy Chief of Staff,
Plans and Research
Brig. Gen. David W. Gray
Deputy Chief, G-3, Plans
Col. Andrew Kinney
Executive Assistant to the
Secretary of the Air Force
Mr. Trevor Gardner
Assistant Secretary for
Research and Development
Brig. Gen. Harvey T. Alness
Deputy Director, Plans
SAC, Offutt Field, Omaha
Panel 14-17 officers, headed by Col. Robert N. Smith,
Chief Intelligence Staff, representing the Commanding
General, Operations, Plans, and Intelligence
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10 July 1956
Cdr. Charles E. Nelson
Special Assistant to Chairman AEC for
NSC Planning Board
Mr. John A. Hall
Director, Division of International Affairs
Mr. Edward R. Gardner
Deputy Director, Division of
International Affairs
Mr. Clark Vogel
Assistant Director for Plans,
International Affairs
Dr. Charles Reichardt
Chief, Intelligence Division
Mr. Meffert Kuhrtz
Liaison and IAC Participant
at Production Level
Mr. Frank L. Dennis
Deputy Assistant Director
for Program and Operations,
Representative to NSC Planning Board
Mr. George Heller
Deputy Assistant Director for FE Affairs
Mr. Lewis T. Olom
Chief, Intelligence Production Division
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Mr. John Tobler
Assistant to the Director for
NSC, OCB and CFEP Liaison
Mr. Milton A. Berger
Chief, China Hong Kong Section,
Far East Division
CIA-DD/P
Note. More than 75 NIE end-users participated in the interviews.
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10 July 1956
List of Respondents for NIE Survey
Contacted by
Departmental Intelligence Elements
Defense (JCS)
A general questionnaire was circulated by JIG to the following
offices or officers, and the results were forwarded to the CIA/NE
Task Force.
Office of Special Operations
Gen. G. B. Erskine, USMC, Ret.
Assistant to Secretary of Defense
Office of NSC Affairs
Gen. C. H. Bonesteel, III, USA
Defense Member NSC Planning Board
Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Office of the Special Assistant to JCS for NSC Affairs
Joint Strategic Survey Committee
Joint Strategic Plans Group
Joint Logistics Plans Group
Navy
Personal interviews were conducted by ONI. The results were
forwarded to the CIA/NE Task Force. The following officers or
offices were included.
Office of SECNAV
Office of CNO
Strategic Plans Division
Politico-Military Policy Division
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SECURITY DTFORMANION
26 February 1952
0/NE NOTICE NO? 50
SUBJECTZ Distribution of 0fTE Documents
1a For your information, there are attached hereto the
distribution lists covered by our Distribution "A", "B",
"C", "D", "E", and 'IF". These lists are of course subject
to change as may seem appropriate, and arty' suggestions you
may have on possible changes in any of these lists will be
welcomed.
2~ There is also attached a copy of the fora "Repro-
duction Data". It is requested that this form be completed
and attached to any materials which are ready to go to the
Publications Unit for reproduction and dissemination. Copies
of the form are available in the Publications Unit. A check
of the regular distribution lists will show whether or not
all appropriate dissemination is automatically covered. If,
in any instance, additional dissemination is desired it should
be noted on the "Reproduction Data" form,
25X1
n s ra ire . c
0/NE
25X1
RED 281
^NNIVVCa1 1 VI 1\~.I~.QJ~. LVVV/V~/ IV . VI^-1\VI I JI \VVJI 1^VVV~VVVLVV II
CON IDENTIAL
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