PROGRAM OF THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNIST PARTY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79R01099A002100030007-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 31, 2005
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: October 4, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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REQUIREMENT NO: DATE: 4 OCT 74
TITLE: PROGRAM OF THE PORTUGUESE CO 4MUNIST PARTY
FBIS I FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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This translation was prepared in response to a specific
requirement.
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NOTE
This translation of significant portions of the Portuguese
Communist Party Program published in a 48-page Portuguese-language
booklet, includes texts of the Preface, Resolution of the Central
Committee on the Political Situation, Introduction, and the
highlights of Parts I and II, as summarized in the program itself.
Parts III and IV are not summarized. Brackets (] are used to enclose
editorial explanatory notes.
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Preface
1965: Under the most difficult and exacting conditions of
clandestine operation, braving the great dangers which this implied,
the Portuguese Communist Party held its Sixth Congress (only one,
the First was held legally).
One of the fundamental points of the work of the congress:
Discussion of the party program and consequent changes of the program
approved at the Fifth Congress.
The PCP program that is now being published legally derived from
the broad and in-depth discussion held collectively within the party.
Its first edition in 1965 came out of the party's underground presses:
thousands of militants, thousands of democrats regarded it as their
own and made it the object of study and work. In 1970 the second
edition was also published clandestinely. The thousands of copies that
were issued and distributed under the fire of repression could not
reach the hands of all the industrial, manual and intellectual workers
who wanted to learn and apply the program of the party of the working class.
The close alliance between the Armed Forces Movement and the united
popular movement made possible the overthrow of fascism and the creation
of new conditions which open up for our people the real prospect of
building a democratic regime of their own choosing. It made possible the
legal publication of "Avante", the organ of the PCP. It makes possible
the legal publication of the program of the Portuguese Communist Party,
approved at the Sixth Congress of 1965. The program, drawn up scienti-
fically both as to the authentically Marxist-Leninist ideology that
inspires it'- as well as the analysis of the Portuguese and international
situation, comprises programmatic points -- in the phase of the
democratic and national revolution -- that already have been achieved,
or are on the way to being achieved; many others are not, but they are
encompassed in the perspective fashioned in the course of the anti-
fascist resistance and the democratic process that began on 25 April.
For a scientific approach to the present situation, for a proper
perspective, we deemed it proper to publish the Resolution of the Central
Committee of the Portuguese Communist Party of 4 May 1974 "On the Political
Situation," together with the program approved at the Sixth Congress.
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This edition by the D.O.R.N. [Directory of the Northern Regional
Organization] of the PCP responds to the needs and insistent requests
of all those who want to understand, disseminate and apply the
revolutionary program and practice of the vanguard of the Portuguese
proletariat-the Portuguese Communist Party, arming themselves for the
great tasks that lie before the communists and their allies at the present
historic moment.
May 1974; the Directory of the Northern Regional Organization of
the Portuguese Communist Party
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Resolution of the Central Committee on the present situation
1. The Central Committee of the Portuguese Communist Party,
holding its plenary session after the great popular demonstrations of
the First of May, warmly salutes the working class, the popular masses,
for the extraordinary success achieved and for the determination
expressed by millions of Portuguese to consolidate and expand the freedoms
attained, to put an end to the colonial war, to hold free elections for
a Constituent Assembly, and to establish a democratic regime in Portugal
chosen by the people themselves.
2. The Central Committee of the Portuguese Communist Party also
warmly salutes the Armed Forces Movement for its firm intervention to
put an end to the fascist dictatorship and for its later action in alliance
with the popular forces.
The Central Committee salutes the urgent measures of the National
Salvation Junta to liquidate the fascist dictatorship and establish freedom.
It regards with favor amnesty for deserters and the insubordinate.
The PCP, aware of the decisive role of the Armed Forces Movement. in
the changes brought about in the political situation, believes that the
continuing activity of the Movement, at least until elections for the
Constituent Assembly, is one of the essential conditions to consolidate
and expand the results achieved and to successfully confront counter-
revolutionary'conspiracies and attempts.
3. The Central Committee confirms the position taken by its executive
organs with regard to the Provisional Government. The participation in
the Provisional Government of all representative democratic parties and
sectors (including the PCP) would be a guarantee for proceeding with
holding free elections.
Discrimination against the PCP, the largest antifascist party, would
contravene, the democratization of Portuguese political life.
4. The PCP underlines the great combativeness, initiative, boldness
and political maturity which the popular masses have been demonstrating in an
irrepressible movement that has reached every corner of the country. All
of our people immediately understood that from their ardent, fraternal,
and active alliance with the Armed Forces would depend the depth and
breadth of the democratic process that began on 25 April..
The unity of action and organization of the working class, of the
popular masses and of the democratic forces, and the alliance of the
popular forces with the Armed Forces continue to be the essential conditions
that will make it possible to liquidate the remnants of fascism, block
the path of counterrevolution, and insure the results achieved by "25 April"
and the time that has elapsed since then, and finally to gain a democratic
regime.
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The PCP urges the. multiplication of bonds of cooperation and mutual
help between the popular masses and the military, everywhere and at all
levels. The cooperation that is taking place in many forms between the
democratic forces and the Armed Forces Movement, the fraternizing of the
population with the officers, soldiers and sailors must be strengthened.
On the strengthening and irreversibility of this alliance depends
the final victory of democracy in Portugal.
5. The Central Committee of the PCP calls attention to the real
danger of conspiracy, provocation and counterrevolution action by the
fascists, as well as to the attempts of the finance moguls to create
serious disruptions in the economy, finance, and supplies.
The Central Committee underlines the need for the democratic forces
and the popular masses, in close cooperation with the Armed Forces, to
increase their':vigilance.
6. Equally dangerous are rightist-opportunism, that is manifested in
the tendency to forego the fundamental objectives of the democratic
movement and the leftism that is expressed above all in impatience that
does not take the balance of forces into account and in divisive and
separatist attitudes and actions. The PCP, fully aware of its responsi-
bility, disapproves of actions for which conditions have not been created
and which do not correspond to the existing balance of forces. Except
for very special cases, initiatives to occupy Town Councils [Juntas de
Freguesia] and Municipal Chambers, for example, do not facilitate but,
on the contrary, at this time, create serious obstacles for the democra-
tization of the administrative structure and the democratization of
Portuguese life in general. The PCP will firmly combat opportunism and
adventurism, which objectively serve the counterrevolution.
7. The party of the working class, the PCP, because of its organized
strength and its great influence among the masses, clearly evidence in
the great May Day event, has played and will continue to play an important
role in events.
Saluting all organizations and militants for the great success scored
on the First of May, the Central Committee is certain that, in the forefront
of the workers and the popular masses, the communists will continue to
struggle confidently and unselfishly for the establishment of freedoms,
for the end of the war, for free elections to the Constituent Assembly, for
a democratic regime chosen by the people themselves.
4 May-1974; The Central Committee of the Portuguese Communist Party
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Program of the Portuguese Communist Party
Introduction
The Supreme objective of the Portuguese Communist Party is the victory
of the proletarian revolution and the building of socialism and communism
in Portugal. This objective has inspired all the activity of the party
since its founding in 1921.
Forced underground since the military coup of 1926, which led to the
establishment of the. fascist dictatorship, subject to constant and fierce
persecution with which the dominant classes have sought to liquidate it,
the Portuguese Communist Party, the party of the proletariat and its
vanguard, not only was not liquidated but developed and became stronger,
broadened its activity, and became the recognized and unchallenged leader
of the working class and the working masses, and gained enormous prestige
among all levels of the population. Today the Portuguese Communist Party
is the only party of the working class and a decisive force in the national
movement against the fascist dictatorship.
Leading the working class and the working masses over the years in the
daily defense of their vital interests and in the struggle for immediate
partial demands, heading the popular struggle against fascist oppression
and for peace day in and day out, the Portuguese Communist Party proclaims
that the end of the exploitation of man by man, of poverty, oppression,
social inequality can come about only when capitalism is abolished by the
victorious proletarian revolution, and it offers the working class and
all workers the glorious prospect of socialism and communism.
Working unceasingly for the unity of democratic and patriotic forces
aimed at the overthrow of the fascist dictatorship, the Portuguese Communist
Party beckons the working class and the working masses to the democratic
and national revolution as a first and necessary phase to achieve the
socialist revolution.
The development of the international situation is favorable to the
struggle of the Portuguese working class and people. Beginning with the
Great October Socialist Revolution that shook the edifice of world
capitalism, under the influence of the successes of the Soviet Union and
with its help, the historic victories of the working class-have radically
changed the world balance of power. The world socialist system, the
principal creation and fortress of the international proletariat, has become
the decisive factor in world politics and in the transformation of human
society, has made possible the headlong development of the national libera-
tion movement that is toppling the colonial system, has accelerated the
progress of the workers movement in the capitalist countries, and has many
times forced the retreat of the local aggressions and world war plans of
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the imperialists. The building of the technical-material foundations of
communism in the USSR and the building of socialism in the other countries
of the socialist camp continually increase the economic strength and
defensive potential of the socialist camp, increasingly tip the world
balance of power in favor of socialism, and propel the whole world revolu-
tionary process.
Marxism-Leninism scientifically demonstrates the inevitability of
the proletarian revolution and the triumph of socialism and communism.
The fundamental truth of our era is the passing from capitalism to
socialism. With the victories of the socialist camp, the rise of the
workers movement and of the national liberation movement, the general
crisis of capitalism, and the sharpening of its internal contradictions,
coiiditi_ons.have ripened for the victory of socialism and communism on a
world scale.
However, the possibility of revolution in each country does not result
automatically from the influence of external factors, but rather from
historic, social and political conditions existing in that country, in
conjunction with the international situation. According to.those conditions,
the proletarian revolution has different phases and follows different
paths in each country.
In the conditions existing in Portugal, under the fascist dictatorship,
the present phase of the revolution is a democratic and national revolu-
tion.
Democratic--because it will end fascist tyranny, establish political
freedom, put an end to the control of the finance oligarchy, defend popular
interests, carry out a series of profound reforms which will benefit the
overwhelming majority of the Portuguese population.
National--because by ending imperialist control over Portugal and
Portuguese colonialist control over other peoples, it will insure the
sovereignty, territorial integrity, and real independence of the country.
The democratic and national revolution does not put an end to the
class struggle nor exhaust the revolutionary process. For the Portuguese
Communist Party, vanguard of the proletariat and a Marxist-Leninist party,
the struggle for the democratic and national revolution is an integral
part of the struggle for socialism.
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I. The democratic and national revolution and its objectives
1. Destroy the fascist state and install a democratic regime.
2. Liquidate the power of the monopolies and promote general
economic development
3. Carry out the agrarian reform, turning over the land to those
who work it
4. Raise the standard of living of the working classes and the
people in general
6. Liberate Portugal from imperialism
7. Recognize and assure the right of the peoples of the Portuguese
colonies to immediate independence.
8. Follow a policy of peace and friendship with all peoples
1. Destroy the fascist state and install a democratic regime
(1) Dissolution of all organs and instruments of fascist
power: the National Assembly, Corporative Chamber, PIDE,
Portuguese Legion,GNR and other repressive forces, special
tribunals, corporative organization, National Union,
Portuguese Youth, etc. Removal of fascists and other counter-
revolutionaries from all public functions, including the
military.
(2) Creation of a state democratic organization with a
single legislative chamber elected by direct, universal,
equal and secret vote of all citizens over 18 years of age.
Appointment of the government by the Chamber, to which the
former will be responsible. I
(3) Establishment and guarantee of freedom of unions, of
speech, of the press, of association, of assembly, to strike,
and to demonstrate. Transfer of all assets of the National
Syndicates [employers unions], Casas do Povo and Casas de
Pescadores [guilds] to the new class organizations created by
the workers. Inviolability of correspondence and of the home.
(4) Freedom of conscience and of dissemination of beliefs-
and ideas to believers and unbelievers. Guarantee of the
practice of religion. Separation of Church and state.
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(5) Establishment of equal rights for all citizens regardless
of sex, level.of education or economic.condition.
(6) Organization of the armed forces and popular security
forces for the defense of the revolution and national
independence, excluding its utilization against the rights
and independence of other peoples. Promotion of soldiers,
sergeants and officers according to merit.
(7) Democratization of justice. Reduction of costs. Legal
assistance. Reorganization of the judicial system with the
intervention of people's judges and aides.
(8) Free elections for all local administrative organs and
their reorganization along democratic lines.
2. Liquidate the power of the monopolies and promote general
economic development
(1) Nationalization of banks, insurance, transportation,
railroad, airlines and navigation companies, telephones
and telegraphs, mines, production and transmission of
electricity, and other industrial sectors belonging to
monopoly groups.
(2) Respect for the interests of small and middle-sized
business in the nationalized sectors, of the small stock-
holders in the large companies, and of the small depositors
in banks.
(3) Maintain, along with the activity of the nationalized
sector, the initiative of private enterprises which partici-
pate in the general development of the country, respecting
the laws and the interests of the democratic state.
(4) Industrialization of the country in accordance with the
natural resources and the needs of a harmonious development
of the various branches of the national economy and the
various regions.
(5) Reorganization of the fisheries, expropriating the
monopolist companies, and stimulating the creation of fishing
cooperatives through credit and other facilities.
(6) Control, regulation and participation of the state in
foreign trade. Respect for national interests by private
companies that engage in it.
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(7) Reorganization of wholesale trade and creation of a
state trade sector, banning speculation and preventing the
rise of pricesresulting from the greed of the big distri-
butors and middlemen.
(8) Tax reform, establishing a system of sharply progressive
tax on property or income, bequests, and gifts, eliminating
the professional tax on salaries and low wages, and giving
relief to the working classes, trademen, small manufacturers,
small businessmen, and the liberal professions from the
intolerable tax burden they bear.
3. Carry out the agrarian reform, turning over the land to those
who work it
(1) Expropriation of the large landholdings and the large
capitalist farming operations, whose dimensions for purposes
of expropriation will be determined by law, having in mind
the nature of the terrain, the types of crops, the value of
the product and the relative importance of the various levels
of farmers in each region. In all other cases, respect for
land private property.
(2) Transfer of expropriated lands to farm workers and poor
peasants (landowners, tenant farmers, and sharecroppers).
In some,cases, division and distribution of the lands to be
worked individually or in cooperatives, and in other cases
direct operation by the state, keeping in mind the will of
the farm masses.
(3) Raising the salaries arid guaranteeing work for the farm
workers, extending to them the social gains of the industrial
proletariat. Eight-hour day.
'(4) Abolition of semi-feddal types of operations, such as
tenant farming [foros] and sharecropping, of all kinds, and
transfer of the lands that are now being operated under this
system to those who work them, with full and clear title. Reform
of the leasing system. Annulment of usurious debts.
(5) Restore the use of the fallow land and other land
usurped by the fascist state and large farm operators
to the respective people.
(6) Assistance by the state to small farmers, stimulating
the formation and development of farm cooperatives, granting
credits at modest interest rates, supplying machinery on
good terms, facilitating the acquisition and transportation
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of fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides, providing
technical assistance and authorizing the cooperatives to
install subsidiary industries to process their own farm
products.
(7) Improvement of general living conditions in the
villages through electrification, building of roads,
schools, water supplies, installation of. health care
centers, etc. _
(8) Development of the chemical fertilizer and farm
machinery industry, carrying out of irrigation projects,
rural electrification, livestock development, improvement
of roads and transport-facilities, construction of silos,
cellars, and presses, and the creation of tractor and
farm machinery stations for use on good terms by the
cooperatives and individual farmers.
(9) Liquidation of speculation, of commercial parasites,
and of the monopoly of the purchase, distribution and sale
of farm products and livestock by the large farm operators
installed today in the corporative organization. Liquidation
of the Guilds [gremios], federations and boards [juntas].
Reorganization of the trade system for farm and livestock
products on the basis of collaboration between the state
and with the farm cooperatives, so as to guarantee profi-
table prices to the producers without imposing on the
consumers.
(10) Broadening the tax exemptions to poor farmers,
establishment of a progressive tax on farm land on the basis
of the principal" "the more you have, the more you pay."
4. Raise the standard of living of the working classes and the
people in general
(1) The right to work. General increase of salaries, wages
and income. Establishment of a minimum living wage and the
application of the principle "equal pay for equal work",
regardless of sex and age. System of readjustment of salaries
to the cost of living. Payment for the seventh day and holidays.
Elimination of deductions, fines and penalties as a means of
exploitation.
(2) Effective compliance with the 8-hour workday and establish-
ment of a 7-hour day, or less, for certain types of heavy work,
for miners and for the workers in toxic and unhealthful
industries.
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(3) Creation of safe working conditions, particularly in
the fisheries, mines, quarries, chemical industry, civil
construction, etc.
(4) Promotion of workers, regardless of sex and age, to the
level consistent with their professional ability. Prohibi-
tion of heavy work for women and apprentices. Prohibition
of child labor.
(5) Medical and hospital care for the working classes. Social
security in case of illness, accident, disability or old age.
Family allowance covering alluurkers. Annual paid vacations.
Aid to women during pregnancy and at childbirth, with paid
leave before and after delivery. Assistance to mothers and
children through maternity centers, creches and kindergartens,
and vacation camps for children. Development of physical
culture and sports, freeing them from commercialism and
disseminating their practice among the broad masses of the
population.
(6) Collective labor contracts with the participation of
representatives of the workers in drafting and approving them.
Progressive reduction of the regional differences in salaries
and other working conditions.
(7) 'Urban reform, with the expropriation and nationalization
of urban properties belonging to monopoly capital. New housing
construction policy, eliminating land and construction specula-
tion; building at low-cost so as to rent at low-cost. Establish-
ihent of a system of rents proportionate to family wages and
:income. Loans for the building and repair of private homes
for city and country workers.
5. Democratization of education and culture
(1) Abolition of illiteracy.
(2) General reform of education with the revision of the
organization of programs and methods, construction of school
buildings, providing technical facilities and qualification of
teachers, in keeping with the requirements of science, pedagogy
and the training of cadres. Lay public education.
(3) Free, compulsory primary education and effective access
to secondary schools and universities by the children of workers.
Reduction.of fees. Large-scale granting of exemptions and
scholarships. Establishment of a network of housing, canteens
and other services for students.
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(4) Free industrial, agricultural and polytechnical
training for young workers, with the'establishment of a
system of scholarships and work-release time, without any
deduction from wages.
(5) The right of students to form associations and the
strengthening of the role of student associations in all
activities in and about school.
(6) Development of national culture and art. State support
of literature, plastic arts, music, theater, cinema and
popular art as the root of all national art. Protection and
conservation of the national historic and artistic patrimony.
Freedom of action for and assistance to popular cultural
associations and groups.
(7) Reorganization of the state information departments,
placing radio and television at the service of education and
culture, in accordance with the ideals of the democratic and
national revolution.
(8) Improvement of teacher6' salaries and reform of the
recruiting and promotion system. Provide scientists, writers
,and artists with the facilities they require to devote
themselves to their creative work.
(9) Foreign scientific, cultural and technical exchange,
specifically with the countries of the socialist camp.
6. Liberate Portugal from imperialism.
(1) Expropriation and nationalization of the foreign large
companies and monopoly operations, acknowledging in some
cases the granting of appropriate indemnification.
(2) Utilization of national resources recovered and the
nationalized assets for the benefit of the people and the
independent development of the national economy.
(3) Conduct foreign trade on the basis of independence,
equality and mutual respect of interests and protection of
national activities against the ruinous competition of foreign
monopolies. Normalization and intensification of trade with
the socialist countries.
(4) Denounce the public foreign debt contracted by the fascist
government to subsidize its policy of protection for the
monopolies, of repression, and war.
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(5) Annulment of all treaties and international agreements
that are prejudicial to the sovereignty and independence of
Portugal.
7. Recognize and assure the right of the peoples of the'Portuguese
colonies to immediate independence
(1) Negotiations and agreements with the representatives of
the national liberation movements.of Angola, Mozambique,
Guinea and Cape Verde for the immediate transfer of powerto
governments of the respective independent states.
(2) Negotiations and agreements with the government of the
People's Republic of China for the incorporation of Macau into
the PRC.
(3) Exercise of the right of self-determination by the peoples
of Timor and Sao Tome e Principe.
(4) Establishment of relations of friendship and economic,
technical and cultural cooperation between the Portuguese
people and the peoples of the former Portuguese colonies on the
basis of free decision, complete equality, nonintervention in
internal affairs, and respect for mutual interests.
8. Follow a policy of peace and friendship with all peoples
(1) Foreign policy based on the defense of peaceful coexistence
between states with different social and political regimes.
Support of practical measures for the prohibition and destruc-
tion of nuclear arms and for disarmament.
(2) Diplomatic, economic and cultural relations with all
peoples, based on the principle of equality, respect for
sovereignty and mutual interests, and non interference in the
internal affairs of other states.
(3) Denounce all treaties and commitments (NATO, "Iberian Pact"
and others), aimed against the interests of the Portuguese
people and nation, against the interests of other peoples and
nations, against the interests of world peace. Liquidation of
foreign military bases on Portuguese territory.
(4) Establishment and strengthening of relations and cooperation
with the countries of the socialist camp.
(5) Fight against all forms of colonialism and neo-colonialism.
Solidarity with national liberation movements.
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II. The road to the overthrow of fascism and the establishment of a
provisional government
1. Dissolution of the organs of fascist power, of the fascist repressive
forces, of the fascist courts, of the'corporative organization, and
the democratization of the whole state apparatus.
2. Liberation of all political prisoners, return of the civil and
military political exiles, reintegration in the public service of
citizens dismissed for political reasons.
3. Freedom to form political parties and engage in political party
activity, freedom of the press, of association, of assembly, to
demonstrate, to strike, and freedom of unions.
Immediate transfer of National Syndicates [employers associations],
Casas do Povo and Casas de Pescadores [guilds] and their assets to
the control and administration of the workers, and the assets of
the Portuguese Youth to the democratic youth organizations.
4. Confiscation of any information and propaganda [can also mean "news"
and "advertising" or "publicity"] facilities of companies linked
with monopoly capital. Transfer of the technical facilities of the
fascist press to democratic parties and groups.
5. Publication of an election law that guarantees the people's super-
Vision..-of the elections for the Constituent Assembly and grants
direct voting rights to all citizens over 18 years of age, without
regard to sex, level of education and economic condition.
6. General democratization of economic life, seizing the management
of economic activities from the monopolies and the large landowners
and satisfying the basic immediate demands of the working class,
of the peasantry and the other laboring strata.
71 Immediate and complete cessation of the colonial war and the
colonialist policy, return of the expeditionary troops, liberation
of the arrested patriots, granting of democratic freedoms to the
Portuguese{-.colonies. Immediate opening of negotiations for their
independence.
8. A change in direction in our foreign policy, establishing normal
diplomatic relations with all countries, insuring the sovereignty
and independence of the nation and the principle of equality in
international relations.
9. Trials of those responsible for fascist crimes. An investigation
of the fortunes accumulated during the fascist regime, banning of
fascist activities, close vigilance of the enemies of the revolution
.and decisive action against any counterrevolutionary attempts.
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III. The struggle for the democratic and national revolution, integral
part of the struggle for socialism.
[In struggling for the democratic and national revolution, the
Portuguese Communist Party is struggling for the socialist
revolution; achievement of the former will create conditions for
the latter, Eta.]
IV. The party
[The Portuguese Communist Party represents and will continue to
represent a decisive role'in the struggle against the fascist
dictatorship, in the democratic and national revolution, the
socialist revolution, and in the building of socialism and
communism. Etc.]
Approved For Release 2005/04/13 : CIA-RDP79RO1099AO02100030007-5