SOVIET RESTRICTIONS ON TRAVEL BY FOREIGNERS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79S01008A000100080001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 18, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 1, 1966
• Content Type: REPORT

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4SIT.E16144
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Report
SOVIET RESTRICTIONS ON
TRAVEL BY FOREIGNERS
December 1966
CIA/BI GR 67-12
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
GROUP 1
EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC
DOWNGRADING AND
DECLASSIFICATION
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CONTENTS
Page
Summary
1
I. Introduction
3
II. Registration and Monitoring of Travel
3
III. Closed Areas
4
A. Background
4
B. Current situation
5
1. European USSR
5
2. Central Asia and Kazakhstan
7
3. Eastern USSR
8
4. Cities
9
a. Opened Cities
9
b. Closed Cities
9
c. Moscow and Leningrad
10
APPENDIXES
Page
A. Chronology of Closed-Area Actions
13
B. Translation of July 1966 Soviet Note
15
C. Official Status of Cities with 100,000 or More Inhabitants
21
MAPS
(following page 26)
USSR: Changes in Areas Closed to Foreigners-1959-1966 (54769)
Moscow Oblast: Areas Closed to Foreigners-22 July 1966 (54610)
USSR: Travel Restrictions-22 July 1966 (54818)
USSR: Areas Closed to Foreigners-22 July 1966 (55386)
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Soviet Restrictions on Travel by Foreigners*
SUMMARY
The Soviet Government has long maintained a policy of close control over
the movements of all foreigners within the USSR. This policy is implemented
at the official level by closing specified areas to travel on both a continuing and
an ad hoc basis and by requiring preregistration of all travel in open areas.
These official restrictions are supplemented by surveillance and harassment of
travelers in order to prevent observation of any installations of military or indus-
trial significance. The consequence of both official and unofficial restrictions has
been to effectively shield over 95 percent of the USSR from observation by
foreigners.
The most recent Soviet note on travel restrictions was circulated on 22 July
1966. It reaffirmed the existing system of preregistration of all travel by for-
eigners and modified slightly the list of closed areas. The overall effect of this
note was to reduce the closed area of the country from 26.5 percent to 23 percent
of the total. Several large areas of little intelligence significance in the eastern
part of the country have been opened to travel, and several less extensive but
strategically important areas in the west have been closed. In addition to
officially closing the areas of missile research and development, the new note
reflects increased concern about security in the western USSR, especially with
respect to areas of defensive weaponry, warning radar sites, and transportation
and communication routes and facilities. There is no completely satisfactory
explanation for several newly closed areas; their general locational pattern
suggests the possibility that they are potential defensive missile sites, but as
yet there is no evidence that this is the case.
* This report was produced solely by CIA. It was prepared by the Office of Basic Intel-
ligence and coordinated with the Office of Research and Reports and the Office of Current
Intelligence. This report represents the best judgment of the Directorate of Intelligence as of
December 1966.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The techniques used by the Soviet Government to control and monitor travel
by foreigners within the USSR have been quite effective in limiting observation
of sensitive installations and areas. Although the Soviet note of 22 July 1966
slightly reduces the extent of the officially closed areas, the overall system of
tight control over travel by foreigners remains unaltered. Embassy personnel are
required to notify Soviet authorities before undertaking travel to any areas offi-
cially open beyond the outskirts of Moscow; such travel is frequently not allowed
for specified or unspecified reasons. Tourist travel within the Soviet Union is
effectively controlled by Intourist, the government tourist service, through which
all travel arrangements must be made.
This system of control permits Soviet authorities to identify travel plans
which are likely to permit observation of areas they consider to be sensitive and
to develop surveillance and harassment tactics to counter this hazard. As a con-
sequence there is great disparity between the land area that is officially open
to Westerners and that on which effective observation and reporting is feasible.
In 1960 a detailed review of all travel in the USSR by Western embassy personnel
during the preceding 18 months indicated that less than 5 percent of the total
area of the country would have been observable if perfect observation conditions
had prevailed on every trip. Factors such as harassment, poor visibility, and
physical obstructions to vision substantially decreased the area actually observed.
It was concluded that at a time when approximately 75 percent of the USSR
was technically open to travel, the combined efforts of western diplomatic per-
sonnel provided direct observation of less than 1 percent.
II. REGISTRATION AND MONITORING OF TRAVEL
The current Soviet note requires prior notification of all travel by embassy
personnel. Notice must be given at least 2 working days in advance of a trip,
and it must include the route, places and duration of stops, and mode of trans-
portation. Military attaches submit their travel plans to the External Relations
Division of the Ministry of Defense, USSR, and other embassy personnel to the
Protocol Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, USSR. The only exception
to the regulations is for travel in limited areas in the immediate vicinity of Mos-
cow, for which notification is not required (see Map 54610).
The travel notification system enables Soviet authorities to prohibit on an ad hoc
basis travel to any open area or city by declaring it temporarily closed or by
using some other pretext such as the lack of transportation or hotel accommoda-
tions. It also provides time to organize surveillance machinery for trips that are
registered as requested. Essentially the same regulations have been in effect since
1941, with the exception of the war years when movement required the possession
of an NKVD pass.
Travel by other foreigners in the USSR?tourists, businessmen, scholars, and
journalists?is effectively controlled and monitored by Intourist. Travel op-
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portunities for these persons are as restricted as they are for embassy personnel,
being generally limited to standard Intourist routes and facilities.
Approved travel by private auto is carefully monitored by the police. Efforts
to follow side roads or to explore the countryside usually are repelled quickly.
Regulations govern the taking of photographs, and penalties for violation of
these provisions can be imposed. In August 1966, after the note on travel re-
strictions had been circulated, a law prescribing penalities for repeated violation
of travel regulations was passed. Ordinary travelers who stray more than twice
from approved routes or areas are subject to a minimum penalty of a 50-ruble
($55.00) fine or a maximum penalty of a year's confinement. Diplomatic person-
nel who stray are subject to expulsion from the country.
III. CLOSED AREAS
A. Background
Areas and cities from which foreign travelers are excluded have been desig-
nated in a series of Soviet notes, the first of which was issued in May 1941.
Initially these closed-area restrictions were thought to apply only to diplomatic
personnel, but subsequent notes have made it clear that they are applicable
to all foreigners. Transit of forbidden areas and cities is possible, but according
to a 1948 note it must be by means of public conveyance and without stopover
in a prohibited area. Approved transit routes through some closed areas have
also been specified in the notes.
The list of closed areas has been modified substantially over the years (see
Appendix A). In 1941 most of the administrative units adjacent to the western
border of the Soviet Union as well as many of the industrial centers of the
interior were declared off limits. In addition, certain areas occupied primarily
by Turkic and Mongolian peoples were closed?the entirety of Soviet Central
Asia and the Mongolian areas southeast of Lake Baikal, which had been the
scene of nationalist unrest in connection with the Pan-Mongolian movement
during the 1920's and 1930's.
During World War II some of the closed areas were visited by foreigners,
but after the war travel regulations were again enforced. The area in which
travel was banned was expanded considerably by notes issued in 1948 and 1952.
The remainder of the border was sealed, and the major industrial areas were
closed. The Donbas, the Urals, and Moscow (Moskovskaya) and Gor'kiy
(Gorlovskaya) oblasts were added to the forbidden list. Travel to several non-
Russian republics along the Volga was also prohibited. Very soon after the
1952 Soviet note, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy, and the
United States imposed restrictions on the travel of Soviet diplomatic personnel
in their respective countries.
In June 1953 the Soviets began to reduce the extent of their closed areas.
Administrative units adjacent to the land boundary of the RSFSR with China
were opened, with the exception of the Buryat-Mongaskaya ASSR and Pri-
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morskiy Kray. Other areas opened included certain parts of Central Asia and
Kazakhstan, the entire Donbas, Krasnodarskiy Kray, and some areas on the
western periphery?western Belorussia, Moldavia, the Karelo-Finnish SSR, and
Arkhangel'skaya Oblast'.
Certain areas in the United States were closed to travel by Soviet Embassy
personnel and Tass correspondents for the first time in 1955 in order to exert
pressure on Soviet authorities to reduce further the extent of closed areas in the
USSR. Initially this policy was ineffective, as Soviet closed areas actually in-
creased slightly in 1957. The subsequent Soviet notes of August 1959 and July
1966, however, reduced the territory officially closed in the USSR until it now
comprises 23 percent of the total, an all-time low. The approximate percentage
of area closed to foreigners by various notes is as follows:
16 May 1941
41
15 January 1952
50
22 June 1953
28
28 August 1957
29.4
18 August 1959
26.5
22 July 1966
23
B. Current Situation
The July 1966 Soviet note concerning closed areas ( see Appendix B) super-
sedes and clarifies the four preceding notes, which were cumulative in their
effect. Although the note to a large extent only reaffirms the previously existing
situation, several large areas in the eastern part of the country have been opened
to travel, and several less extensive but strategically important areas in the west
have been closed ( see Maps 54769 and 55386). In addition to closing the areas
of missile research and development?Tyuratam and Plesetsk?the new note
appears to reflect increased security precautions in the western USSR and con-
cern about areas of defensive weaponry, warning radar sites, and transportation
and communication routes and facilities. There is no completely satisfactory
explanation for several newly closed areas; their general locational pattern sug-
gests the possibility that they are potential defensive missile sites, but as yet
there is no evidence that this is the case.
Official sanction is now given to a number of de facto changes in travel policy
that had become apparent in recent years with respect to certain urban areas,
tourist routes, and waterways. Soviet concern with unofficial travel is revealed
by the inclusion in the note, for the first time, of instructions regarding tourists
and tourist facilities.
1. EUROPEAN USSR
Official proscriptions on travel have been most altered in the northwestern
part of European USSR. Whereas only the Baltic republics, Kaliningradskaya
Oblast', and western Leningradskaya Oblast' had been closed before, seven
additional areas are now on the closed list, as well as the White Sea ? Baltic Canal
and the Volga ? Baltic Waterway. The closings indicate a general tightening
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of security in areas of known communication and military installations and along
strategic transport routes.
'The large closed area adjacent to the Baltic Sea has been extended eastward
to include parts of Novgorodskaya and Pskovskaya oblasts, although the cities of
Novgorod and Pskov remain open. Closure of western Arkhangenkaya Oblast'
means that the rail line to Arkhangel'sk and the missile research and development
area at Plesetsk that it serves are officially off limits. Leshukonskiy Rayon in
ArkhangeFskaya Oblast' also has been closed. Its administrative center, Leshu-
konskoye, is the eastern terminus of the broad-gauge rail line currently under
construction from Arkhangel'sk. The line is ostensibly for timber exploitation,
but it also provides a new area with the potential for weapons deployment.
The newly closed northwestern portion of Murmanskaya Oblast' includes such
sensitive installations as the long-range-bomber base and the HENHOUSE in-
stallation near Olenogorsk. Foreign tourists, however, are permitted to travel
through this newly closed area by auto from Borisoglebsk to Nikel' and by train
from Nikel'- to Murmansk. Excursions to the Borisoglebsk GES (hydroelectric
plant) near the Norwegian boundary are permitted, but only to Scandinavian
tourists.
The reasons behind the closing of two small triangular areas in the Karel'skaya
ASSR, one west of Belomorsk and the other southeast of Petrozavodsk, are not
completely clear. Both Belomorsk and Petrozavodsk are centers of activity in
this sparsely inhabited northerly area, but the delineation of their associated
closed areas does not appear to have a close correlation with any particular
economic or military activity. The town of Petrozavodsk together with the area
immediately to the northwest contains many sensitive military installations.
Petrozavodsk, however, apparently remains open, and the area closed to the
southeast along the shore of Lake Onega seemingly contains nothing of military
interest except a single SAM site. An unclassified report about experimental TV
reception indicates that there should be a tropospheric scatter station somewhere
in the Petrozavodsk area, but it has not been located. The closing of this area
may somehow tie in with the closing of Lake Onega and the Volga ? Baltic
Waterway. In the Kern' ? Belomorsk area there is a concentration of ground
troops and numerous military installations, including an IRBM site southwest
of Belomorsk and a TALL KING radar just west of Kern'. The strategic position
of Belomorsk at the entrance to the White Sea ? Baltic Canal and the alignment
of the powerlines that serve the canal locks may be the key to this closing.
Since the Volga ? Baltic Waterway was opened to traffic in 1964, after deepening
and other improvements, general traffic has increased; the fact that small naval
vessels such as destroyer escorts and submarines can now be moved through the
canal probably contributes to Soviet sensitivity about the route. The White
Sea ? Baltic Canal is also undergoing extensive improvements that will enable
larger vessels to use the route. Although the entire Volga River has never
been officially closed, travel along it is seldom approved for diplomatic personnel.
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The closing of the Kerch' Straits area at the entrance to the Sea of Azov
may reflect the buildup of defensive military installations for the protection of the
Donbas industrial region to the north. The significance of the Urals industrial
region in Soviet strategic thinking is underlined by the fact that it remains
closed, while the Kuzbas and Donbas have been open in recent years and
technically remain open to travel.
Several places and routes within closed areas in the Baltic republics, the
Ukraine, and the Caucasus are designated open specifically to foreign tourists or
are accessible via Intourist vehicles. Travel privileges given specifically to foreign
tourists apparently are not to be granted to embassy personnel. A Leningrad ?
Tallin air trip requested by the US Embassy as a test has already been refused
on the grounds that "air transportation to Tallin was authorized only for foreign
tourists traveling with Intourist."
Travelers entering the USSR through the western Ukraine are permitted to use
several different motor routes (see Map 54818). Travel by foreigners along
the route Brest ? Kovel' ? Lutsk ? Rovno, however, is restricted to Intourist ve-
hicles. Travel by private auto in the Baltic republics appears to be entirely
prohibited, since the use of Intourist vehicles is specified on all open roads.
Foreigners are now permitted to visit the tourist base "Itkor of the All-Union
Central Council of Trade Unions in the Caucasus, but they must approach the
area along a specified route. Transit via auto across the Kabardino ? Balkarskaya
ASSR by way of the Ordzhonikidze ? Nal'chik ? Mineral'nyye Vody route is also
permitted. This ASSR has been a closed area since 1959, possibly because of
unsettled economic and social conditions precipitated by a 1957 decree that
permitted the exiled Balkars to return to their homeland.
2. CENTRAL ASIA AND KAZAKHSTAN
The regions bordering the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea as well as the
western oblasts of Kazakhstan continue to be closed to foreigners. Installations
of major strategic significance within this area include the nuclear desalinization
plant complex at Segendy. North of the Caspian Sea the closed area extends
westward beyond the Kazakh border to the Volga River, encompassing the
Kapustin Yar missile test installations and range. Although Astrakhan' lies within
this closed area, the city is open, and passage to it by air is permitted.
Included in the forbidden list for the first time in recent years is the Kzyl-
Ordinskaya Oblast' in the Kazakh SSR, site of Tyuratam, key center of Soviet
missile and space research. This will probably block all travel on the Orenburg ?
Tashkent rail line.
Three relatively small areas in Central Asia have been closed without obvious
justification. The closed area northwest of Termez has no clear relationship
to military installations in the area, including the TALL KING radar site north of
town. This general area is regarded as potentially suitable for clandestine nuclear
test operations, but there is no evidence that such testing takes place. Natural
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gas deposits and sulfur mines are located in the closed area north of Ashkhabad;
some reports dating back a decade allege atomic experiments near Sernyy Zavod,
but recent intelligence has not confirmed these activities. Finally, there is no
explanation for the closing of Batkenskiy Rayon in the Kirgiz SSR. Radioactive
minerals have been detected in the area, but no mining activities are known to
be present.
Areas adjacent to Tashkent and Frunze, along with the Tadzhik SSR and
Khorezmskaya Oblast' of the Uzbek SSR, have been recently opened. Military
and industrial installations in these areas are of limited significance; however,
trips to these non-Russian border regions should prove of considerable interest
in terms of assessing general economic and social conditions.
3. EASTERN USSR
The most extensive areas newly opened to travel in the eastern USSR include
the Taymyr Peninsula, Severnaya Zemlya, western Chukhotskskiy NO, and most
of Magadanskaya Oblast' and the Buryatskaya ASSR ( see Map 54769). The
opening of areas such as the Taymyr Peninsula, Severnaya Zemlya, and western
Chukhotia is of no significance, since there is little reason for anyone to travel
there nor any facilities to do so. Opening of the Buryatskaya ASSR and
Magadanskaya Oblast' may permit some useful economic and social reporting,
but with the exception of the city of Ulan-Ude, these areas are of limited intelli-
gence significance.
In the Buryatskaya ASSR only a small strip of land bordering Lake Baikal
remains closed. The area contains no sensitive installations. It does include a
state forest preserve, and it is a very important sable farming area. Sable, like
caviar, is in its own way an important Soviet industry, but it hardly seems to
warrant this type of protection.
Travel in Magadanskaya Oblast', a mining region settled largely by former
forced laborers, is handicapped by the closing of the only logical point of entry?
Magadan. This has the de facto effect of keeping the entire area closed.
Closure of the area around Barabinsk in Novosibirskaya Oblast' appears to
reflect the longstanding sensitivity of the Soviets about transport facilities.
Barabinsk is reportedly the site of one of the largest locomotive parks in the
Soviet Union. The Lena River also has been closed to travel by the new note;
previously only the Yenisey River had been closed.
Kamchatskaya Oblast', an impact area for missile testing, and eastern Chukhotsk-
skaya NO, location of early-warning radar installations, remain closed for under-
standable reasons. In the instance of an area that has been closed since 1959
along the Lena River, however, the only explanation is the existence at the town
of Sangar of a TALL KING radar facility and a suspect troposcatter site. It
should be noted, however, that facilities of this type are also present in open
areas. The militarily important areas of Sakhalinskaya Oblast' and Primorskiy
Kray continue to be closed. The new closing of Khabarovskiy Kray east of the
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Amur River importantly tightens controls in the Soviet Far East by officially
sealing off the Sovetskaya Gavan' area which contains extensive naval facilities,
including a submarine base, and offensive and defensive missile installations.
4. CITIES
The status of individual cities is of great importance because most travel in
the Soviet Union constitutes hopping from one city to another via public trans-
portation, usually by plane or rail. Free auto travel through the countryside
is unusual except along several specified routes in the European USSR that are
open to tourists. Moreover, closing a city that is the administrative center and
regional transport hub severely limits the feasibility of travel anywhere within
the region.
Approximately 50 of the 187 cities in the USSR with more than 100,000 in-
habitants are officially closed to foreigners; actually, numerous others have had no
foreign visitors for many years. Appendix C shows the changes in official status
of major cities in the USSR in terms of accessibility to foreigners since the first
restrictions were imposed in 1941.
a. Opened Cities
Kazan' and Novosibirsk are the largest of the cities opened by terms of the
1966 note. Kazan' had been open from 1953 to 1959, but closed since 1959.
Novosibirsk had been closed since 1952. Nevertheless, foreigners have been
permitted to visit both these places in recent years, and several exchange dele-
gations have toured the new science city located on the southern edge of No-
vosibirsk. Military and industrial installations of intelligence interest abound in
both Kazan' and Novosibirsk. In addition, Kazan' is the administrative center
of the Muslim Tatars, the second largest non-Slavic group in the USSR.
Another major city, Ulan-Ude, the capital of the Buryatskaya ASSR, is now
officially open because the ASSR, with the exception of a small strip bordering
Lake Baikal, has been removed from the closed list. Noted as a major rail center
in the eastern USSR, Ulan-Ude is the point of juncture of the rail line from
China via Ulan-Bator. It also contains a variety of other intelligence targets.
Rovno and Ternopol' were added to the list of open cities in the western
Ukraine, continuing a process of opening specific cities in this closed area to
foreign visitors. Yurmala, the coastal resort town for Riga, and Ventspils were
opened in Latvia.
b. Closed Cities
Cities put off limits by the new note include Angarsk, Kirov, and Saratov.
An atomic energy complex as well as a dual HENHOUSE facility, the purpose
of which has not yet been determined, make Angarsk a very sensitive area. The
closing of Kirov may be related to the presence of the Yur'ya ICBM complex
to the northwest. Saratov and its environs?including Engel's?contain many
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targets of considerable strategic significance, and in practice both cities have
always been closed.
With the exception of Khabarovsk and Nakhodka, all the cities of the Soviet
Far East are now closed. Although Okhotsk, Nikolayevsk, Komsomol'sk, and
Sovetskaya Cavan' theoretically had been open up to this time, visits by for-
eigners were rare.
Land access to cities such as Arkhangersk, Vorkuta, and Murmansk requires
travel through newly closed areas, and transit privileges are not likely to be
granted. This may curtail visits to Arkhangersk and Murmansk, even though
they are not specifically closed and may be reached by air or possibly by ocean
vessel. Travel to Vorkuta has never been possible, although its official status
has varied. While this new note does not explicitly close the city, access to it
is effectively blocked by the closed strip, 50-kilometers in width, which extends
along the railroad from Zheleznodorozhnyy to Vorkuta.
Previous Soviet notes have specifically mentioned Batumi, Echmiadzin, Yerevan,
and Ashkhabad as open, since they lie within or partially within a 25-kilometer
closed zone that extends along the entire land boundary of the USSR with non-
Communist countries. However, the recent note does not mention them, and
their official status is presently unclear.
c. Moscow and Leningrad
Detailed regulations have governed travel in the Moscow area since 1948.
At that time unrestricted auto travel was officially limited to an area within a
50-kilometer radius of the center of the city. In 1952 the radius was reduced
to 40 kilometers and specified areas within this radius were put off limits. The
extent of the closed areas within this radius has been gradually extended by
subsequent notes.
The July 1966 note significantly expands the closed areas within the 40-kilo-
meter zone surrounding Moscow ( see Map 54610). East of Moscow, areas
around Balashikha and southeast of Lyubertsy along the Ryazan' Highway are
now for the first time officially closed, thus curtailing observation of Monino
Airfield and Ramenskoye with its airfields, flight center, and experimental aircraft
factory. Since the new boundary of the closed area runs through Tomilino, the
aerospace research center there may now be beyond the pale for ground observa-
tion. West of Moscow the expansion of the closed area up to the city boundary
(the ring road) places all of the largely agricultural Odintsovskiy Rayon beyond
reach. Travel through this region, however, is still possible along the Minsk
Highway, enabling one to observe the large Odintsovo radar site. There are
few installations of any intelligence significance in this area, indicating that the
changes may have been made either to simplify administrative procedures or as
a prelude to new military construction.
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Beyond the 40-kilometer zone the only new opening in Moscow Oblast' is
Dubna, location of the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research. Travel to Dubna
is permitted along the Drnitrov Highway, a major route heretofore closed to
travel. The city of Dmitrov remains closed, but limited observation of it prob-
ably will be possible from the highway. Of perhaps greater sigificance is the
close proximity to the route of several SAM sites.
In the vicinity of Leningrad travel is permitted within a 30-kilometer zone and
to a few nearby towns?Zelenogorsk, Gatchina, and Petrokrepost'. Kronshtadt,
the island naval base, lies outside the open area.
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APPENDIX A
Chronology of Closed-Area Actions
16 May 41 Initial Soviet note. Regulations for registration of travel by all
diplomatic personnel established. Certain areas and cities of
the USSR closed to travel by all foreigners.
7 Jun 41 US note. Prior registration of all travel by Soviet Embassy and
consular personnel in the United States required.
23 Jun 41 US travel restrictions lifted.
30 Sep 48 Soviet note. New list of closed areas in USSR presented.
27 Oct 48 Soviet note. Rules governing transit through forbidden areas and
travel within 50-kilometer radius from the center of Moscow
clarified.
15 Jan 52 Soviet note. List of places closed in September 1948 extended.
10 Mar 52 US note. Prior registration of travel by Soviet personnel in the
United States again required.
22 Jun 53 Soviet note. List of areas closed completely revised. System of
preliminary registration retained.
12 Nov 53 Soviet note. Five port areas added to closed list.
? Feb 54 Soviet circular note. Regulations restricting photography in the
USSR established.
3 Jan 55 US note. Areas in the United States closed to Soviet citizens for
the first time.
20 Jul 57 Peter the Great Bay (Vladivostok) closed to foreign ships and
planes.
13 Aug 57 United States protests closure of Peter the Great Bay.
28 Aug 57 Soviet note. June 1953 list of closed areas amended. USSR indi-
cates willingness to discuss reciprocal reductions.
11 Nov 57 US proposal for abolition of closed areas.
22 May 58 United States offers concrete proposals for reciprocal reduction of
closed areas.
18 Aug 59 Soviet note. June 1953 list of closed areas amended further.
6 Jan 61 US note. Abolition or reduction of US and Soviet travel restrictions
proposed. US list of closed areas revised.
22 Jul 66 Soviet note. Four previous notes superseded. Comprehensive list
of closed areas issued. System of preliminary registration re-
affirmed.
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APPENDIX B ?
Translation of July 1966 Soviet Note
No. 60/Pr Moscow, 22 July 1966
To All Embassies, City of Moscow
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR presents its compliments to the
Embassies and has the honor to communicate that the government of the USSR
has put into effect a new single list of cities and regions of the USSR which are
forbidden for visits by foreigners. The lists in effect up to the present time,
which were communicated by the Ministry in Notes No. 295/Pr of 22 June 1953,
No. 400/Pr of 12 November 1953, No. 335/Pr of 28 August 1957 and No. 485/Pr
of 18 August 1959, are no longer valid.
In presenting the new list, the Ministry requests that it be used as a guide for
trips made by personnel of Embassies on the territory of the USSR. The exist-
ing procedure of registration of trips beyond the 40-kilometer zone around the
city of Moscow is maintained. As in the past, written notification of trips by
personnel of Embassies with indication of route to be followed, places and dura-
tion of stops, and also mode of transportation are to be sent to the Protocol
Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, USSR, and of trips by military attache
personnel to the External Relations Division, Ministry of Defense, USSR, 48
hours before the beginning of the trip. Nonworking days are not included in
that time period.
The Ministry avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the Embassies its
assurances of its extremely high respect.
List of Cities and Areas of the USSR Closed to Visits by Foreigners
A 25-kilometer zone along the boundary of the USSR with Norway, Finland,
Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan.
RSFSR
Chukotskiy National'nyy Okrug?the area to the east of the Amguyema,
B[ol'shaya] Osinovka, Belaya, and Mayn rivers;
Kamchatskaya and Sakhalinskaya oblasts;
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Khabarovskiy Kray?the area to the east of the Amur and Ussuri rivers, with
the exception of the city of Khabarovsk;
Primorskiy Kray, with the exception of the city of Nakhodka, and passage to
the city of Nakhodka via the railroad from the city of Khabarovsk;
Buryatskaya ASSR?an area 50-kilometers in width adjacent to Lake Baikal
between Nizhne-Angarsk and Barguzin;
Novaya Sibir' Island;
Yakutskaya ASSR?the area between the Tumara, Dyanyshka and Lena rivers;
Taymyrskiy National'nyy Olcrug?the area west of the Pyasina River, includ-
ing the lakes: Pyasino, Lama, Keta and Khantayskoye;
The water route along the White Sea ? Baltic and Volga ? Baltic canals, the
Yenisey River, and Lena River to the north from the city of Yakutsk, Lake Onega,
with the exception of Kizhi Island and passage to it by foreign tourists via the
water route from the city of Petrozavodsk;
Barabinskiy and Kuybyshevskiy rayons of Novosibirskaya Oblast';
Karerskaya ASSR?areas within the boundaries [of a line drawn from] Kern'
[to] Andronovo Gora [to] Kochkoma, and also to the southeast from the rail-
road line in the Petrozavodsk ? Svir' sector;
Pskovskaya Oblast'?the area to the north of the Dno ? Pskov ? Pechora rail
line, with the exception of the city of Pskov and passage to it by plane and along
the railroad from Moscow through Bologoye and Dno, and from Leningrad
through the city of Luga;
Novgorodskaya Oblasf?the area between the railroad lines Chudovo? Uglovka
on the east and Bologoye ? Dno on the south, with the exception of the city of
Novgorod and transit passage along the Moscow ? Leningrad Highway;
Yamalo-Nenetskiy National'nyy Okrug?the area between the Nyda, Nadym,
and Tanlova rivers;
Komi ASSR?the area 50 kilometers in width along the railroad between
Vorkuta and Zhelezhnodorozhnyy;
Arkhangerskaya Oblast'?Leshukonskiy Rayon; the territory to the west of the
Severnaya Dvina River and the Vaga River; Solovetskiye Islands;
Sverdlovskaya, Permskaya, Chelyabinskaya and Gor'kovskaya oblasts;
Udmurtskaya ASSR and Mordovskaya ASSR;
Kabardino-Balkarskaya ASSR, with the exception of the VTsSPS [All-Union
Central Council of Trade Unions] "Itkol" tourist base, to which foreign tourists
are brought by auto transport along the route Pyatigorsk ? Baksan ? Tyrnyauz ?
"Itkol," and also transit passage by auto transport along the route: Ordzhonikidze ?
Nal'chik ? Mineral'nyye Vody;
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Volgogradskaya and Astrakhanskaya oblasts?the area to the east of the Volga
River, with the exception of the city of Astrakhan' and passage to the city of
Astrakhan' by plane landing at the airport of the Ministry of Civil Aviation;
Murmanskaya Oblast'?the area to the west of the Voron'ya River and to the
north of a line from Kirovsk to Kuolayarvi, with the exception of the left bank
of the Patso-Yoki (Pasvikel'v) River from the Borisoglebsk GES to border
marker No. 218; excursions to the Borisoglebsk GES (right bank of the' Patso-
Yolci River) for visits by tourists from Scandinavian countries; and also of the
border point Borisoglebsk and the routes: Borisoglebsk ? Nikel' (by auto trans-
port), Nikel' ? Murmansk ( by railroad) for foreign tourists; the city of Mur-
mansk and passage to it by plane landing at the Murmashi airport for foreigners;
Leningradskaya Oblast'?the area to the west of the Volkhov River, with the
exception of the cities of Leningrad, Zelenogorsk, Gatchina, Petrokrepose, a 30-
kilometer zone around the city of Leningrad, passage by auto transport along
the highways Moscow ? Leningrad and Leningrad ? Vyborg ? Torfyanovska;
Moscow Oblast', with the exception of the city of Moscow, a 40-kilometer zone
around the city of Moscow, and Zagorsk, Dubna, Abramtsevo, Klin, Solnechno-
gorsk, Istra, Zvenigorod, Leninskiye Gorki, Lake Senezhskoye (within a radius
of no more than 6 kilometers) and Sheremeeyevo and Domodedovo airports;
Passage in transit is permitted to the indicated places:
to Zagorsk?along Yaroslavl' Highway;
to the Abramtsevo museum-estate?along Yaroslavl' Highway to Ryazansty and
further through Khoekovo;
to Dubna?along Dmitrov Highway;
to Solnechnogorsk, to Senezhskoye Lake, to Klin and to Sheremeeyevo airport?
along Leningrad Highway;
to Istra?along Volokamsk Highway;
to Zvenigorod?along the Minsk Highway to Golitsyno and further along the
Zvenigorod Highway;
to Leninskiye Gorki and to Domodedovo airport?along Kashira Highway;
Within the 40-kilometer zone foreigners are forbidden access to:
Dmitrovskiy, Solnechnogorskiy, Khimkinskiy, Odintsovskiy, Noginskiy and
Shchelkovskiy rayons;
Mytishchinskiy Rayon territory west of the Moscow Canal, Lianozovo, including
Uchinskoye Reservoir;
Narofominskiy and Leninskiy rayons to the northwest of a line from Peredelkino
to Aprelevka. In Leninskiy Rayon, in addition, to the territory bounded by
the populated places: Ostrov, Prudischche, Bulatnikovo, Beleutovo, and fur-
ther to the east within the boundaries of the rayon;
Balashikhinskiy, Lyubertskiy and Ramenskiy rayons to the east of a line Nikol'-
skoye, Balashikha, Kuchino, Tomilino, Zhilino and further to the south, includ-
ing Ryazan' Highway;
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Departure by foreigners in automobiles beyond the limits of Moscow Oblast'
is permitted in transit along the Yaroslavl', Leningrad, Minsk and Simferopol'
highways, and in addition, transit to the city of Kiyev is permitted along the
highway through Orel and Glukhov;
Vladimirskaya Oblast'?area to the southwest of a line from Aleksandrov to
Kosterevo;
Kaluzhskaya Oblast'?area to the northeast of the cities of Maloyaroslavets
and Tarusa;
Kaliningradskaya Oblast';
Taman' Peninsula?area bounded by a line Temryuk - Krymskaya, with the
exception of the city of Novorossiysk;
Cities: Magadan, Okhotsk, NikoIayevsk-on-Amur, Komsomorsk-on-Amur,
Tomsk, Omsk, Kuybyshev, Krasnoyarsk, Kaliningrad of Moscow Oblast', An-
garsk, Kirov, Saratov.
ESTONIAN SSR
The entire territory, with the exception of the city of Tallin, of transit passage
by direct rail connection, Tallin - Leningrad, Tallin - Riga, and Tallin - Pskov
via Tartu; of transit passage of foreign tourists on "Intourist" auto transport along
the routes: Tallin - Payde - Pyarnu - Riga, Tallin - Payde - Pyrtsamaa - Vil'-
yandi - Pyarnu - Riga, Tallin - Tartu - Ryapina - Pechory - Pskov; of transporta-
tion of foreign tourists by scheduled aircraft of the Ministry of Civil Aviation from
the city of Tallin to the cities of Leningrad and Riga and return.
LATVIAN SSR
The entire territory, with the exception of the cities of Riga, Yurmala and
Ventspils and passage to the city of Riga by train, ship and airplane, and to
Ventspils by ship and train from Riga.
LITHUANIAN SSR
The entire territory, with the exception of the city of Vil'nyus and passage to
it by railroad and plane.
UKRAINIAN SSR
Volynskaya, Rovenskaya, L'voyskaya, Ternoporskaya, Zakarpatskaya, Ivano-
Frankovskaya and Chernovitskaya oblasts, with the exception of the cities: L'vov,
Uzhgorod, Rovno, Ternopol', Chernovtsy; and of transit passage: by auto trans-
port along the routes Uzhgorod - Mukachevo - Stryy - L'vov - Rovno - Korets;
KPP [checkpoint] Mostiska ( Shaginya village) - L'vov; Chernovtsy - Kamenets
Podorskiy; Chernovtsy - Novoselitsa - Brichany; only by "Intourist" auto transport
along the route Brest - Kovel' - Lutsk - Rovno;
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Krymskaya Oblast'?the area to the east of the rail line Solenoye Ozero ?
Dzhankoy ? Simferopol' and of the automobile road Simferopol' ? Alushta; with
the exception of the cities of Dzhankoy, Simferopol' and Alushta;
The cities of Dnepropetrovsk, Nikolayev, Sevastopol' and Balaklava.
AZERBAYDZHAN SSR
The territory of Nakhichevanskaya ASSR;
Area located to the west and southwest of the railroad Tbilisi ? Alyaty-Pristan'
(50 kilometers southwest of the city of Baku). Transit passage is permitted
along the Tbilisi ? Baku rail line.
KAZAKH SSR
Gur'yevskaya, Karagandinskaya, Kzyl-Ordinskaya, Pavlodarskaya, Semipalatin-
skaya, and Alma-Atinskaya oblasts, with the exception of the city of Alma-Ata;
Dzhambulskaya Oblast?area to the east of the Myn-Aral?Lugovoy railroad;
Ural'skaya Oblast'?area to the west of the Ural River;
Transit passage to the city of Alma-Ata is permitted along the railroad from the
city of Tashkent through Dzhambul and by plane.
KIRGIZ SSR
Territory of the republic, with the exception of the city of Frunze and of
Keminskiy, Chuyskiy, Kantskiy, Sokuluskskiy and Moskovskiy rayons, and of
Oshskaya Oblast', less Batkenskiy rayon;
Transit to the city of Frunze is permitted by plane and along the railroad
from the city of Tashkent.
UZBEK SSR
Karakalpakskaya ASSR;
Areas of Surkhandar'inskaya Oblast' within the boundaries of the populated
places: Denau, Baysun, Shirabad, and Dzhar-Kurgan.
TURKMEN SSR
Areas located to the west of the junction of the boundary between the Uzbek
SSR and the Kazakh SSR and further to the south through Kizyl-Arvat and
Kara-Kala;
The area bounded by the populated places: Yerbent ? Sernyy Zavod ? Darvoza
and passage to it along the automobile road Ashkhabad ? Sernyy Zavod.
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APPENDIX C
Official Status of Cities With 100,000 or More Inhabitants
0= Open X= Closed
16 May
1941
30 Sep
1948
15 Jan
1952
22 Jun
1953
28 Aug 18 Aug
1957 1959
22 Jul
1966
Aktyubinsk X X
Alma-Ata X X
Andizhan X X
Angarsk *
Anzhero-Sudzhensk 0 0
Arkhangel'sk X X
Armavir 0 X
Ashkhabad X X
Astrakhan' 0 0
Baku X X
Barnaul 0 X
Belgorod 0 0
Belovo 0 0
Berezniki 0 X
Biysk 0 X
Blagoveshchensk 0 X
Bobruysk 0 0
Bratsk *
Bryansk 0 0
Cheboksary 0 X
Chelyabinsk 0 X
Cheremkhovo 0 0
Cherepovets 0 0
Cherkassy 0 0
Chernigov 0 0
Chernovtsy X X
Chimkent X X
Chita X X
Dneprodzherzhinsk X X
Dnepropetrovsk X X
Donetsk 0 X
Dushanbe X X
Dzerzhinsk 0 X
Dzhambul X X
Elektrostal' 0 X
Engel's X 0
Frunze X X
Gomel' 0 0
* Not in existence at this time.
kkokkkkkkkkkkookkkkk*okkkookkokkkookok
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0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
X
0
X
0
0
0
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Official Status of Cities With 100,000 or More Inhabitants (Continued)
16 May
1941
30 Sep
1948
15 Jan 22 Jun
1952 1953
28 Aug
1957
18 Aug
1959
22 Jul
1966
Gor'kiy
Gorlovka
Groznyy
Ioshkar-Ola
Irkutsk
Ivanovo
Izhevsk
Kadiyevka
Kalinin
Kaliningrad
Kaluga
Kamensk-Urarskiy
Karaganda
Kannas
Kazan'
Kemerovo
Kerch'
Khabarovsk
Khar'kov
Kherson
Kirov
Kirovabad
Kirovograd
Kiselevsk
Kishinev
Kiyev
Klaypeda
Kokand
Kolomna
Kommunarsk
Komsomol'sk
Kopeysk
Kostroma
Kovrov
Kramatorsk
Krasnodar
Krasnoyarsk
Krasnyy Luch
Kremenchug
Krivoy Rog
Kurgan
Kursk
Kustanay
Kutaisi
Kuybyshev
Leninakan
Leningrad
o88o8008o8888008888888800k880888888808088o88888
o88o8008o888800888888880888888888888o8o88088888
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Official Status of Cities With 100,000 or More Inhabitants (Continued)
16 Mayl 30 Sep
1941 1948
15 Jan
1952
22 Jun
1953
28 Aug
1957
18 Aug
1959
22 Jul
1966
Leninsk-Kuznetskiy 0 0
Lipetsk 0 0
Lisichansk 0 X
Lugansk 0 X
L'vov X X
Lyubertsy 0 0
Magnitogorsk 0 X
Makeyevka 0 X
Makhachkala 0 0
Maykop 0 X
Melitopol' X X
Miass 0 X
Minsk X X
Mogilev 0 0
Moscow 0 0
Murmansk X X
Mytishchi 0 0
Nal'chik 0 0
Namangan X X
Nikolayev X X
Nikopol' X X
Nizhniy Tagil 0 X
Noginsk 0 X
Noril'sk 0 0
Novocherkassk 0 0
Novokuznetsk 0 0
Novomoskovsk 0 X
Novorossiysk X X
Novoshakhtinsk 0 0
Novosibirsk 0 0
Odessa X 0
Omsk 0 0
Ordzhonikidze 0 0
Orekhovo-Zuyevo 0 X
Orel 0 0
Orenburg 0 0
Orsk 0 0
Osh X X
Pavlodar X X
Penza 0 0
Perm' 0 X
Pervoural'sk 0 X
Petropavlovsk X X
P et ropavl ovsk -K a mchat-
okkokkokoXokooXkkooXXXXkokookkkkkkokkkoo
skiy X X X X X X X
Petrozavodsk X X 0 X 0 0 0
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Official Status of Cities With 100,000 or More Inhabitants (Continued)
116 May 30 Sep 15 Jan 22 Jun
1941 1948 1952 1953
28 Aug 18 Aug 22 Jul
1957 1959 1966
Padol'sk 0 X 0 X 0 0 0
Poltava 0 0 0 X 0 0 0
Prokop'yevsk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pskov 0 0 0 X 0 0 0
Riga X X 0 X X 0 0
Rostov X X 0 X 0 0 0
Rubtsovsk 0 X 0 X 0 0 0
Ryazan' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rybinsk 0 0 0 X 0 0 0
Samarkand X X 0 X 0 0 0
Saransk 0 X X X X X X
Saratov 0 0 0 X 0 0 X
Semipalatinsk X X X X X X X
Serov 0 X X X X X X
Serphkhov 0 X X X X X X
Sevastopol' X X X X X X X
Severodvinsk X X X X X X X
Shakhty 0 0 0 0
Simferopol' X X X X
Slavyan.sk 0 X 0 X
Smolensk 0 0 0 0
Sochi 0 X 0 X
Sterlitamak 0 0 0 0
Sumy 0 0 0 0
Sverdlovsk X X X X.
Syzran' 0 X 0 X
Taganrog X X X 0
Tallin X X X X
Tambov 0 0 0 0
Tashkent X X 0 0
Tbilisi 0 0 0 0
Temirtau X X X X
Tol'yatti 0 X X 0
Tomsk 0 0 X X
Tselinograd X X X 0
Tula 0 X X 0
Tyumen' 0 0 0 0
Ufa 0 0 X 0
Ulan-Ude X X X. X
Ul'yanovsk 0 0 0 0
Urarsk X X X X
Ussuriysk X X X X.
Ust'-Kamenogorsk X X X 0
Vil'nyus X X X. X
Vinnitsa 0 0 0 0
Vitebsk 0 0 X 0
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24 NO FOREIGN DISSEM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
X
X
X
0
0
0
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X.
X
X
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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Official Status of Cities With 100,000 or More Inhabitants (Continued)
116 May
1941
Vladimir 0
Vladivostok X
Volgograd X
Vologda 0
Voronezh 0
Yaroslavl' 0
Yerevan X
Zaporozh'ye X
Zhdanov 0
Zhitomir 0
Zlatoust 0
30 Sep
15 Jan
22 Jun
28 Aug
18 Aug
22 Jul
1948
1952
1953
1957
1959
1966
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
0
0
0
X
X
0
0
0.
0
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
X
X
X
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--13NITED KINGDOM
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USSR?Changes in Areas Closed to Foreigners, 1959-1966
NNeD-1. R W A Y
FEDERAL
ft
REPUBLIC'6F2C.,`
GERMANY -
SWEDEN
I -EAST
GERMANY
0??
VOntspit
POLAND,
lizh or
EAREN TS
SEA
vno
Te nopol'
IChernovtsy Du
- - Nikolayev
Sevastopol' *Dnepropetrovsk
06zhankoy
8alaklavae1,0fria Saratov*
7 BI .4( Novoross iysk
,sE 1
Novgoroc
TURKEY
ACY
" tkol"
hmiadzin4"
L4PTEV
1):1 SEA
EAST'NSIBERIA A
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Moscow Area
*Tomsk
vosibirsk?
i,Yakutak
rasnoyarsk
Komsomolsk'
SE A
OF
OKHOTSK
Al'AL
SEA
Prior ,to July 1966 Ekttwmi, Yorevo
Ectwoiodzin, ond Ashkliabod were
open cities within Me 25.km. closed
_ border zone. Present status is not
-.known.
IRAN
AFGHANISTAN
CHINA
V...r.PAKIS4N larru
r:? Kashmir
(Status in clisoute)
CHANGES IN CLOSED AREAS, JULY 1966
El Area closed in July 1966
n Open area, closed prior to July 1966
O Open city, closed prior to July 1966
* Closed city, open prior to July 1966
akhodka
CLOSED AREAS UNCHANGED 1959 AND 1966
Area closed to foreigners
o0 Open city in a closed area
* Closed city
500
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Area closed to foreigners Rail route specified open to travel
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SOURCE: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. Note No. 60/Pr, dated 22 July 1966, Moscow.
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54818 10-66
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Approved For Ree 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S011508A000100080001-4
DISTRIBUTION LIST
TITLE OF REPORT
SOVi et Restrictions On Travel By Foreigners
DATE
REPORT NO.
GR 67 - 12
PROJECT NO.
CLASSIFICATION
CONTROL
NAME OF REQUESTER
NAME OF ANALYST
25X1A9a
BRANCH
GD/S
GRAPHICS
Maps
COPY NO.
RECIPIENT
DATE SENT
Standard OR distribution
1 copy
Extra copy to DD/I s office
11
e
25X1A9a ,. t
I,
3 copies
..
SB/RR/ DDP Room 4D-0111 Hdqrs,
- Feb 67
1
Ruth Rodin INR/State (11 left in records Center)
28 Feb67
0 3
Ruth Rodin Inr State
6 Feb67
3 25X1A9a
OCR/GR/PB 1E4808
8 May67
1
NPIC 25X1A9a
-
1
. OCR ( RC has 8)
23 may 67
1
DIAAP aliP 10A2 FOIAb3d
,18 Sept67
-
FORMV
12.64 236z (15)
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S010080-0-01-4
S51101043E1
-1-99910
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