CIVIL AIR ROUTES OF COMMUNIST COUNTRIES INTO THE FREE WORLD, WINTER 1965-66

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79S01046A001000080001-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 1, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 1, 1966
• Content Type: REPORT

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N2 85
INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AID
CIVIL AIR ROUTES OF COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
INTO THE FREE WORLD, WINTER 1965-66
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
Office of Research and Reports
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
This research aid supersedes CIA/RR A.ERA 65-2, Civil Air Routes
of Communist Countries into the Free World, Summer 1975-,-CONFIDENTIAL,
copies of which should be destroyed.
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. USSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3. Other Communist Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
a- Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
b . Hungar-y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
c . Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
d. Rumania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
e . East Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
f. Communist China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Civil Air Agreements of Communist Countries with Countries
of the Free World, January 1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Maps
(Inside Back Cover)
Figure 1. Civil Air Routes of Communist Countries
into the Free World, January 1966
Figure 2. Civil Air Routes of the USSR into the Free
World, January 1966
Figure 3. Civil Air Routes of Czechoslovakia
into the Free World, January 1966
Figure 4. Civil Air Routes of Poland into the Free World,
January 1966
Figure 5. Civil Air Routes of Hungary into the Free World,
January 1966
Figure 6. Civil Air Routes of Bulgaria into the Free
World, January 1966
Figure 7. Civil Air Routes of Rumania, into the Free World,
January 1966
Figure 8. Civil Air Routes of East Germany into the Free
World, January 1966
Figure 9. Civil Air Routes of Communist China into the
Free World, January 1966
NOTE: All maps are UNCLASSIFIED
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CIVIL AIR ROUTES OF COMMUNIST COUNTRIES INTO THE FREE WORLD
WINTER 1965-66*
Introduction
This research aid is a, useful reference on civil air routes of
Communist countries into, and air agreements with, countries of the
Free World. An overall view of all scheduled civil air routes of Com-
munist countries that extend to countries of the Free World is shown
in Figure 1. The same information for each Communist country individu-
ally is shown in Figures 2 through 9. Cuba. and Yugoslavia. are treated
as countries of the Free World in this research aid. Cities of the
Free World not connected into the networks by route lines are included
on the maps to indicate that civil air agreements exist. All such
agreements between Communist countries and countries of the Free World
are shown in the table.
The noteworthy developments since the publication of Civil Air Routes
of Communist Countries into the Free World, Summer 1965 are summarized
by country. The trip number, the route and sequence of stops, the number
of flights per week, and the type of aircraft used for each route are
shown in inserts on Figures 2 through 9.
The USSR has not extended its international air routes to any new
territory in the Free World since June 1965, but several significant air
agreements were signed with countries of the Free World -- agreements
that offer promising opportunities for expanding Soviet civil air activi-
ties. During 1965 the USSR concentrated its efforts on gaining civil
air access to the developing nations of Africa. Rights acquired by
Aeroflot to establish links with the East African countries of Kenya.,
Uganda, and Tanzania, strengthened the position of the USSR in Africa..
However, Soviet ambitions to service East Africa, were subsequently con-
strained by the refusal of Sudan to grant fifth freedom traffic rights
for the Khartoum-Nairobi and Khartoum-Entebbe segments of the proposed
route. (Fifth freedom traffic rights permit Aeroflot-to pick up and
discharge in Nairobi and Entebbe passengers who are destined for or
originating from third countries.)
On the other side of Africa the long-range ambitions of the USSR to
obtain traffic rights to the Western Hemisphere via the western bulge of
Africa, were furthered by a provision in a. civil air agreement that was
signed with Senegal in July 1965. This agreement conceded to Aeroflot
beyond rights to unknown points in South America? These beyond rights
are not believed to apply to Cuba, or to Central America,.
* The estimates and conclusions in this research aid represent the
best judgment of this Office as of 15 February 1966.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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The USSR is becoming increasingly aware of the necessity for further
opening its own airspace in order to gain reciprocal concessions for air
rights to the developed nations of the Free World. This winter, KLM,
the airline of the Netherlands, became the first West European carrier
to obtain rights across the Tashkent area, of the USSR. Sweden, the
Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Japan recently have intensified
pressure oh the USSR to permit countries of the Free World to fly over
Siberia. The signing in January 1966 of an air agreement between the
USSR and Japan was one of the most notable developments of recent months
in civil air relations between a Communist country and one of the 'F'ree
World. A direct scheduled route between Moscow and Tokyo will be estab-
lished for the first time and will cut by approximately five hours the
present time for air travel between Japan and Western Europe. Because
of continued Soviet sensitivity to foreign overflights of Siberia, the
Japanese have agreed to a. service operated jointly by the Japanese Air
Line and Aeroflot and using only Soviet aircraft and flight crews for
two years. By the end of that time, the USSR has assured Japan that it
will attempt to clear the way for the Japanese Air Lines to fly inde-
pendently over Siberia.
3. Other Communist Countries
Poland opened a new air route, trip number LO 271, to Frankfurt
in September 1965, even though no formal bilateral agreement has been
signed because of the absence of diplomatic relations between Poland and
West Germany. LOT, the Polish airlines, reportedly has reduced the
number of scheduled flights to certain cities of the Free World (includ-
ing Rome, Cairo, Paris, and Amsterdam) because of financial problems
that have beset LOT since October 1965.
b. Hungary
MALEV, the Hungarian airlines, suspended flights to Dubrovnik
and Munich for the winter season. Hungary signed an air agreement with
Lebanon in January 1966 and plans a ,weekly round trip service from Buda-
pest to Beirut via Sofia.
c. Bulgaria
International flights by TABSO, the Bulgarian airlines, from
Varna, the Black Sea, resort in Bulgaria,, were discontinued for the
winter season. An air service to Zurich, Switzerland, was added to
TABSO's international air network it November 1965.
Rumania's airline, TAROM, opened a new air route, trip number
RO 235, to Rome.
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e. East Germany
The East German airline, Interflug, has expanded its international
10 air activity in the Free World to include Cairo on trip number IF 740 and
Damascus (trip number not yet known).
The Chinese Communist air carrier, CAAC, dropped Mandalay from
its only route into the Free World and now flies directly from Kunming
to Rangoon and back as trip number CA 043/044.
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Civil Air Agreements of Communist Countries with Coin~
riaa
.
bile . ree World
January 1966
Year Signed
Czecho-
slovakia, Noland
Hungary Bulgaria. Rumani
East
Communist
Afghanistan
1956
1961
1
6
a.
Germany
China,
Algeria.
Austria,
1964
1955
1964
1962
9
2
1965
1963
1963
Belgium
1958
1957
1956
1
1959
1958
1958
Burma,
Cambodia
Canada
1961
1965
1964
956
1957
1957
1956
1955
Ceylon
1961 W
1963
1964
Congo (Brazzaville)
1964
Cuba
1959
1962
1960
Cyprus
1964
H
Denmark
Eth
1956
1947
1961
1964
1965
1964 c/
iopia.
1958
1958
1958
Finland
France
1955
1949
1963
1962
1965
1958
1954
H
Ghana,
1962
1961
1960
1960
1965
1962
H
Greece
1961
1962
1
62
Guinea,
India
1962
1958
1964
1961
1960
1963
1963
1964
9
1960
Indonesia
Iran
Ira
1961
1964
1960
1961
1964
q
Ireland
1962
1960
1961
1960
Israel
1962 of
Italy
1965
1960 /
1964
Japan
1966
Je/
1960
Kenya
Lebanon
Libya
1965 //
1961
1966
L
1963 b/
uxembourg
M
li
1963
a
Morocc
1962
1961
1964
o
Netherlands
1958
1961
Niger
1958
1962
1947
1960
1957
1958
1957
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Norway
Pakistan
Senegal.
Somalia
Sudan
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Tanzania.
Tunisia.
Turkey
UAR
Czecho-
East
Communist
USSR
slovakia
Poland
Hungary
Bulgaria
Rumania
Germany
China
1956
1948
1961
1958
1958
1958
1963
1963
1965
1962
1963
1962
1956
1957
1956
1957
1957
1957
1947
1960 /
1959
1960
1962
1958
1962
1962
1960
1965
1965
1964
1963
1963
1961 J
1963
1965 ii/
1965
1958
1958
1963
1958
1959
1958
1965
1965
Uganda 1965 JJ
United Kingdom 1957 1960 1957 1960 1965
1961 t
West Germany 1964 J d 1960 / 1960 J 1961
Yugoslavia 1955 1956 1955 1956 1955 1956 1960
a. Limited to cargo carrying rights for flights between Rangoon and Phnom Penh.
b. Transit agreement (in most cases overflight and technical landing rights for specific routes).
c. Provisional license, renewable every 60 days, issued by the government of Cyprus to the East
German air carrier, Interflug.
d. Provisional agreement.
e. Date of signature is unknown.
f. Agreement was concluded by the USSR with the East African common services organization (EACSO)
representing Kenya,, Tanzania,, and Uganda.
g. Agreement initialed in October 1960 and signed at an unknown later date..
h. Bulgaria, and Rumania are limited to nonscheduled flights to Istanbul.
i. Uncertain evidence suggests the existence of an earlier agreement that was not implemented.
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 Figure 4
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Flights Type of
Per Week Aircraft
tanua_rry1 966
Citiute of the' World not connected into the networks as
ro lines ind+ e.thot civil otragreements are in existence.
Trip
Route Number
Warsaw-Zurich LO 215
Warsaw-Budapest-Belgrade LO 221
Warsaw-East Berlin-Paris LO 227
Warsaw-East Berlin-Amsterdam LLO 233
O 235
Warsaw-Vienna-Rome LO 237
Warsaw-Copenhagen
Warsaw-Copenhagen-Stockholm LLO 239
O 243
Warsaw-Zurich-Paris
Warsaw-East Berlin-London LO 245
Warsaw-East Berlin-Brussels LO 247
rsaw-Vienna-Athens-Cairo LO 251
W
a
aw Warsaw-Stockholm-Helsinki LO 259
Warsaw-Zagreb-Rome LLO 265
O 271
Warsaw-Frankfurt LO 273
W arsaw-Brussels-Paris
IL-14
IL-14
IL-18
Viscount
IL-18
Viscount
IL-18
IL-18
IL-18, Viscount
IL-18
IL-18
Viscount
IL-18
ILA,-18
Kabul 0,
vil Air routes of Poland
the Free World
 Trip F1lghts
ulnher Per eek
Type of
Aircraft r^~.,
audau Q Releas~~qg 1 CIA-
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est-Brussels-London
Su a
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Bu apest-Zurich-Paris
Budapest-Paris
Budapest-Zurich
Budapest-East Berlin-Copenhagen-
MA 353
MA 355
MA 380
1
1
2
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IL-18
IL--18
$toc ialj -Heiej 1ci
Budapest-Vienna
MA 387
1
IL-14
udapest-Vienna-Last Berlin
MA 389
/
1
IL-14
apest-Belgrade-"Tirane
p
MA 391
1
IL-14
i
8 apest-home
d
MA 401
1 ?
IL-18
apest-Milan
Bu
MA 403
1 ?
IL-18
Budapest Athens-Cairo
1pest-Athens-Nicosla-
A 405
MA 407
2 C
1
IL-18
TT_1R
arnascus
T
Civil Air Routes of Hungary
into the Free World
January 1966
Amra x t ~,.~ / ?+.~'' ~,,, ~, . -
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
Nat NECESSARILY AUYHO RITATIVE
I 1 /
Helsinki
Citio tA?e World not connected into the networks as
routeelinf es indr F1 that civil air oSTteements are in existence.
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 A-ppr d For Release 19#,K?9108 pe ffl
Q466901 Oodd80001-2
8otia-Bud6 est-East Berlin-
Copenhagen
LZ
103
1
IL-18
Bona-Vlenn
-"rankfurt
LZ
123
1
IL-18
a
80la-Vienna-?arts-London
L
129
1
IL-18
fia-Vienna- urich-Paris
So
j
L
131
1
IL-18
f
Sofia-Athens-Tonle-A.iglers
LZ
141
1 1
IL-18
oi1a-Athens D&irJaeoue
LZ
143
1 f
IL-18
0Ankara
Figure 6
?i fem.
QAccra
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
"1
Citie((of the {~~World not connected into the networks as
route llines inde`athat civil aapreements ore in existence.
r
Civil Air Routes of Bulgaria
into the Free World
January 1966
Addis Ababa ?---,
Approved
 Awed For Releas /09/
Z
A-R
.Bucharest-Budapest-Prague- RID 20
h
en
~:
ag
East Berlin-Copen
Oo0enhagen-Bast Berlin-
RO
202
2
Prague-Bucharest
RO 203
1
IL-18
,Bucharest-Sofia-Athens
t-Vienna-Brussels
h
RO 205
1
%
J
IL-18
-
ares
Buc
Bucharest-Zurich-Paris
RO
O
209
22
2
18
IL
IL-14
Bucharest-Sofia-Athena
R
9
1
IL-14
-
Bucharest-elgrade
33
2
18
IL
ucharest-Vienna-Frankfurt
ua crest-ROIne
RO
2
3
;.. i
IL-18
OsIoQ i Stockholm0
Figure '7
Civil Air Routes of Rumania
into the Free World
January 1966
Belgrade
t 0104 00 D0080001-2
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`
11
{^' `('Sofia..-
. ,'
i J Accra . ; i.._ r ?~ ,..r+. , T
HOUNOARY REPRESENTATION 16
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
CitigS'of t E?~e World not CQltnected' into the networks as
route lines indi I'( t" that civil at agreements are in existence.
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East Berlin Budapest-Belgrade IF 630 1 IL 28
East Berlin-Zagreb-Belgrade
East Berlin-Nicosia
East erlin-Cairo
East Berlin-Nicosia-DamaSCUB
IF 632
IF 730
IF 740
_.1
BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS
NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE
Approved
r
IN 1.
~??I Cities { thie `F,,II,g,ge World not connected into
route lies indicdMje 6.1 civil air ggteements a
Figure 8
4f
Civil Air Route's of East Germany
into the Free World
January 1966
the networks
in existence.
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Figure
Civil Air Routes of Communist China
into the Free World
January 1966
Trip
Number
Flights Type of
per Week Aircraft
Djakarta
Approved
Cities_ of the Flee World not connected into the networks as
route lines indicate that civil air agreements are in existence.
Included among these, but not shown on this map, is Cairo.
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CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
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