US ECONOMIC INTERESTS IN AFRICA

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• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 6, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 1, 1973
• Content Type: REPORT

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.
Intelligence Handbook
US Economic Interests in Africa
ER H 73-3
September 1973
Copy N2 4
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Classified by 015319
Exempt from general
declassification schedule of E.O. 11652
exemption category 58(1),(2),(3)
Automatically declassified on
Date Impossible to Determine
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Page
Introduction ....................................................... 1
Trade Between the United States and Africa: Value and Geographical
Distribution, 1972 (map) ........................................ 2
Discussion
Perspective: Africa's Economic Relations with the West ............... 3
US-African Trade ................................................. 4
US Private Investment in Africa .................................. 6
US Aid to Africa ................................................. 7
Economic ..................................................... Military
Outlook for US Trade and Investment .............................. 7
1. United States: Imports from Africa, by Region and Country ........ 9
2. United States: Exports to Africa, by Region and Country ......... 10
3. United States: Imports from Africa, by Major Product, 1972....... 11
4. United States: Principal Imports from Africa, 1972 ................ 12
5. United States: Imports for Which Africa is an Appreciable Source,
1972 ....................................................... 13
6. United States: Exports to Africa, by Major Product, 1972 .......... 14
7. United States: Principal Exports to Africa, 1972 .................. 15
8. United States: Exports for Which Africa is an Appreciable Market,
1972 ....................................................... 15
9. United States: Estimated Stock of Private Direct Investment in
Africa and Worldwide ................ ........... 16
10. United States: Estimated Stock of Private Direct Investment in
Africa, by Industry ......................................... 16
11. United States: Economic Aid Commitments to Africa ............. 17
12. United States: Military Aid Commitments to Africa .............. 18
13. Africa: Basic Economic Data, by Country ....................... 19
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Country Data Sheets
Page
Algeria ...................... 22
Angola ...................... 24
Cameroon ................... 26
Egypt ....................... 28
Ethiopia .................... 30
Gabon ................ ..... 32
Ghana ................ ..... 34
Ivory Coast ........... ..... 36
Kenya ................ ..... 38
Liberia ...................... 40
Libya ....................... 42
Malagasy Republic ........... 44
Page
Morocco .................... 46
Mozambique ................. 48
Nigeria ...................... 50
Sierra Leone ................. 52
South Africa .................. 54
Sudan ....................... 56
Tanzania .................... 58
Tunisia ..................... 60
Uganda ..................... 62
Zaire ........................ 64
Zambia ..................... 66
Appendix
Weaknesses in the Investment Data ............................... 69
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INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK
US ECONOMIC INTERESTS IN AFRICA
This handbook is a compendium of information on US economic ties with
Africa. The handbook starts with a short treatment of the economic interests of
the West in Africa and continues with a general discussion of key features of
US-Africa trade, US investment in Africa, and US aid to Africa. Detailed
statistical tables present information, by region and country, on these topics, as
well as basic economic data on individual African countries. A second part of
the handbook consists of data sheets on the 23 African countries that account
for 95% of US trade with Africa. The sheets include broad economic data and
information on foreign trade, investment, and aid, with emphasis on economic
ties to the United States. Because of rounding, figures in the statistical tables
and the data sheets sometimes do not add to the totals shown.
The term investment in this handbook normally refers to the cumulated
value of all foreign-owned assets in an African country at a given time rather
than to the addition to assets made in any given year. A short appendix
describes some of the glaring weaknesses in the data on foreign investment in
Africa.
NOTE: Comments and queries regarding this publication arc welcomed. They
25X1A9a may be directed to of the Office of Economic Research, Code 143,
Extension 6404.
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TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND AFRICA:
VALUE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, 1972
Gabon
Million US $
Pei cent
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
1,555
60
(EXCEPT SOUTH AFRICA)
Nigeria
385
:2
Ghana
123
4
Angola
116
4
Ivory coast
114
4
Liberia
94
3
Ethiopia
82
3
Zaire
80
3
Cameroon
61
2
Kenya
53
2
Uganda
52
2
Malagasy Republic
48
2
Mozambique
41
1
Zambia
37
1
Tanzania
33
1
Sierra Leone
30
1
Sudan
30
1
Gabon
24
1
All others (21 countries)
150
5
Million US $
Percent
NORTHERN TIER
628
20
Algeria
202
6
Libya
201
6
Egypt
93
3
Morocco
69
2
Tunisia
63
2
Egypt \\.
*Including, in a customs union, Botswana,
Lesotho, South-West Africa, and Swaziland.
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Perspective: Africa's Economic Relations with the West
1. Economic relations between Africa 1 and the developed countries are
essential for rapid economic progress in Africa. At the same time--except for
gold from South Africa and petroleum from Algeria, Libya, and Nigeria-most
of these relations are presently of minor importance to the United States and the
other nations of the developed Western world .2 Trade with Africa represents
only about 5% of total Western trade. Direct investments in Africa constitute
only 8%-10% of all Western foreign investments by private business firms;
3%-5% in South Africa alone. As for aid, a substantial part of British, French,
and Belgian foreign aid goes to Africa. In the past several years, 7% of US foreign
aid has been committed to the area.
2. The interest of European and American importers and investors in
Africa has focused on primary products, such as petroleum, gold, diamonds,
copper, iron ore, coffee, cocoa, cotton, and palm and vegetable oils. Other major
African exports are uranium, bauxite, phosphates, wood products, sugar, peanuts,
sisal, and wine. More than 35% of the West's imports from Africa in 1972 con-
sisted of petroleum. Gold has accounted for an additional 10%.3
3. The exploitation of mineral resources almost certainly will continue to
characterize private foreign investment in Africa over the next decade. Invest-
ment in other branches of industry is less promising because of market
limitations (scattered populations and low incomes), a widespread movement
toward nationalization, and scarcity of skilled manpower. In general, African
countries (with the exception of South Africa) have not been able to generate
sustained economic momentum because:
? Agricultural production has barely kept up with rapid population
growth;
? Wide fluctuations in the prices of key exports copper, cocoa, and
coffee ---have inhibited orderly economic planning;
? Increases in exports have often been matched by increases in im-
ports of consumer goods; and,
? Governments, racked by tribal animosities, have not acquired the
political strength and administrative expertise to sponsor effective economic
development programs.
1 Africa for this handbook includes all the countries of the African continent,
Malagasy Republic, and Mauritius.
2 As regards trade, in this handbook, the developed Western world consists
of the market economies of Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, and New
Zealand; and as regards investment, the West is limited to the 16 of these
countries that constitute the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
3 This is a rough estimate, which includes an allowance for the substantial
volume of gold sales that is not reflected in the normal world trade data. (Gold
sales are often treated, in foreign trade accounts, not as items of trade but as
sales to financial institutions.)
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4. Since World War [I, US economic relations with Africa have expanded
as part of the general rapid growth in US international trade, investment, and
foreign aid. Trade with Africa remains only a small share of total US foreign
trade--3% in 1972. From the African point of view, US-Africa trade is more
important, making up about one-tenth of the continent's trade in recent years.
(For detailed trade data on Africa, by region and country, see Tables 1 and 2.)
The commodity flow is as follows:
a. US imports from Africa: petroleum, coffee, diamonds, cocoa, fish,
iron, and other primary products (see Tables 3, 4, and 5).
b. US exports tc Africa: industrial machinery, transportation equip-
ment, other manufactured goods, and foodstuffs (see Tables 6, 7, and 8).
5. Africa accounts fir only 3% of US imports (see Table 3). Foodstuffs
(vanilla, cloves, cocoa, coffee, and nuts), metallic ores, cotton, and diamonds
are among the few US imports for which Africa is an appreciable source (see
Table 5).
6. Africa has supplied some of the strategic materials the United States has
stockpiled to meet emergency needs--but not recently. No new foreign procure-
ment for the stockpiles has occurred since the mid-1960s; the President's
announced intent is to reduce their size and scope. Of the types of goods in
stockpiles, the United States imports from Africa substantial quantities of
manganese ores, chromium, rubber, silver, and platinum as well as smaller
quantities of cobalt and columbium.
7. Africa accounts for only 3% of US exports. Machinery and transport
equipment, which account for more than half the commodities the United
States exports to Africa, constitute only 4% of the US market for such products
(see Table 6). From the overall point of view, the continent is important as a
market to the United States only in the case of oils and fats, of which Africa
takes 16%. In no other major commodity group does Africa's share exceed 5%
(see Table 8). From the point of view of many individual US business firms,
however, Africa is a leading customer (e.g., for mining equipment) or a leading
supplier of raw materials.
8. As for the geographical distribution, South Africa (including the small
countries within its custorrs union) accounts for 30% of the total African trade
with the United States (see the map). The five countries of the northern tier
account for another 20%. Nigeria represents a further 12%, and the remaining
37 states of sub-Saharan Africa share 38%.
9. South Africa has si.,able two-way trade with the United States. Oil-rich
Nigeria, Algeria, and Libya have two-way trade with the United States on a
much smaller scale, exporting oil and importing US transport equipment,
machinery, and food. Sumriary data for US trade with Africa and with the four
principal African trading Partners, for 1972, follow:
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Million US$
To/From
Africa
To/From
World
Africa
US exports
1 535
100
3.1
US imports
1,581
100
2
8
South Africa
US exports
603
39
.
1.2
US-imports
330
21
0
6
Nigeria
US exports
114
7
.
0.2
US imports
271
17
0
5
Algeria
US exports
98
6
.
0.2
US imports
104
7
0
2
Libya
US exports
85
6
.
0.2
US imports
116
7
0.2
10. US imports of Ghanaian cocoa and Angolan, Ivorian, and Ethiopian
coffee place these countries in the second tier of the United States' African
trading partners. Egypt and Morocco are customers for US oils and fats, food,
machinery, and transport equipment. Liberia exports iron ore and rubber
to the United States and takes a miscellany of products in return. Zaire, nearly
balanced its trade with the United States in 1972 by reducing its imports of
US manufactures while maintaining exports of coffee, cobalt, and other ores
and minerals. (For detailed trade data for these and other African countries,
see the country data sheets.)
11. For the first time since 1959, the United States had an unfavorable
trade balance with Africa in 1972. US exports worldwide increased nearly 13%
in 1972 whereas exports to Africa shrank 8%. US imports from Africa rose by
29%, compared with a 22% increase in imports worldwide. The decline in US
exports to Africa in 1972 was largely in the machinery and transport equipment
and chemicals sectors. The increase of petroleum imports to US$476 million
in 1972, compared with $162 million in 1971, largely accounted for the jump
in imports, as follows:
CONFI NT1AL 5
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Million US$
Change from 1971
to 1972
1972
1971
Million
US$
Percent
World
US exports
49,676
44,137
5,539
12.5
US imports
55,555
45 ,602
9,953
21.8
Balance
--5,879
-1 465
Africa
US exports
1 ,535
1 ,667
--132
-7.9
US imports
1,581
1 ,227
354
28.9
Balance
--46
440
12. The United States had a less favorable balance of trade with South
Africa and with the group of no thern tier countries in 1972 compared with 1971.
The deficit with the remaining countries rose sharply, as follows:
Africa
-- 46
440
South Africa
273
339
Northern Tier
114
265
Sub-Saharan Africa, except South Africa
--433
-164
US Private Investment in Africa
13. US private direct investment in Africa prior to the 1940s was limited
mainly to rubber plantations in Liberia and mining interests in Zambia and
South Africa. The scope of investment widened rapidly in the 1960samounting
to $1 billion in 1960, $2 billion in 1966, and $4 billion in 1972.4 (For estimates of
US direct private investments, 1962-71, by region and country, see Table 9).
The rapid growth in investment has increased Africa's share of the US direct
foreign investment from 3% to 4.5%, as follows:
End of Year
Percent
1960
2.9
1962
3.3
1964
3.8
1966
3.8
1968
4.1
1970
4.5
1971
4.5
1972 preliminary
4.5
4 Book value. For discus3ion of the uncertainties that surround investment
data, see the Appendix.
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14. About half of US direct investment in South Africa is in manu-
facturing. Elsewhere in Africa, more than 80% is in extractive industries.
Petroleum and other extractive industries accounted at the end of 1971 for $2.8
billion of the $3.8 billion of US direct investment. (For estimates of US private
direct investment, by industry, since the end of 1960, see Table 10.)
15. US economic aid commitments to African countries in fiscal years
1962-72 totaled approximately $5 billion. About three-fourths of this amount
has been drawn. Most was official development assistance, of which AID ac-
counted for 45% and Food for Peace 38%. The balance consisted largely of
Export-Import Bank long-term loans. Economic aid to Africa has been divided
roughly half and half into loans and grants. Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia,
and Zaire together have received more than half of US economic aid. Algeria,
Ethiopia, Ghana, and Liberia have accounted for another 20%. (For details on
US economic aid to Africa, see Table 11.)
Military
16. In the same period, US military assistance to Africa totaled $350 million.
Ethiopia received 40% of the military aid; Morocco, 28%; Zaire, 12%; Tunisia,
11%; and Libya, 4%. (For details on US military aid to Africa, see Table 12.)
17. Although most African commodities are not now critical to US needs,
their importance clearly will increase. Africa supplies the United States with a
growing share of its crude petroleum (8% in 1971 and 18% in 1972) and
possesses a large proportion of world reserves of various nonferrous minerals.5
18. Because of the growing shortage of fuels, US industry will attach in-
creasing importance to African petroleum and natural gas, as indicated by the
recent major agreement for US imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from
Algeria. In addition, the United States no doubt will have to depend on Africa
for more chromite and the platinum group metals, which are found in unique con-
centrations in southern Africa. Chromite (chrome ore) is used in the metallurgical,
refractory, and chemical industries. South Africa and Rhodesia are the principal
African suppliers, together accounting for 22% of US imports in 1972. The US
automobile industry is seeking larger amounts of platinum from South Africa for
emission control systems.
19. Other important African minerals include tantalite, used in electronics;
petalite, used in the manufacture of special types of glass; crocidolite asbestos;
and natural industrial diamonds. Again, these minerals are found primarily in
5 Minerals from Africa received in the United States via markets in Europe
or after processing in Europe and other foreign areas are outside the scope of this
handbook.
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white-dominated southern Africa. Africa appears to provide no more than a
small fraction of US imports of any of these commodities other than industrial
diamonds, 29% of which were from Africa in 1972 (see Table 5).
20. Africa is expected to continue to supply the United States with appre-
ciable amounts of manganese ore, beryllium, columbium, cobalt, antimony, and
other nonferrous ores and metals; pyrethrum (used in insecticides); precious
stones; and foodstuffs such as cocoa, tea, fish, vanilla, cloves, and nuts. Certain
commodities, such as bauxite and copper, which are not now imported from
Africa in large amounts, proba'Ay will be purchased in volume by US firms as
world supplies tighten over the next few years.
21.. US manufactured goods find a ready acceptance in Africa. African
countries that are benefiting from rising sales of petroleum and other raw
materials constitute a growing market for US machine tools, transport equip-
ment, construction equipment, consumer durables, and other industrial products.
US oils and fats will be sold in increasing volume in northern African countries.
22. Continued growth of US private investment in Africa is to be expected,
especially in petroleum and other extractive industries. US investment almost
certainly will broaden into other fields, including manufacturing, as the growth
of African exports permits rapid modernization in a few countries, particularly
those with extensive oil resources. A number of the poorer African countries will
continue to be torn by the wish to modernize rapidly and the desire to limit
foreign influence in their economies.
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Table 1
United States: Imports from Africa, by Region and Country
1962
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
Total Africa 1
725.4
922.1
870.2
970.9
897.9
1,115.0
1,040.5
1,103.5
1
1,231.0
0
102
1,584.3
2
257
Northern Tier
52.2
66.3
62.8
90.8
71.9
144.4
161.5
84.
.
19
8
.
4
104
Algeria
5.3
5.3
5.3
3.0
3.1
5.3
2.3
9.5
.
1
19
.
16
9
Egypt
23.1
24.3
16.2
17.8
15.0
35.6
38.0
22.9
1
39
.
2
51
.
2
116
Libya
11.8
28.6
30.5
57.3
36.3
89.7
110.6
.
.
9
6
.
11
4
Morocco
10.6
7.0
6.3
9.8
12.6
10.6
8.6
9.6
.
5
0
.
8
3
Tunisia
1.4
1.1
4.5
2.9
4.9
3.2
2.0
3.0
.
124
9
1
.
7
323
1
Sub-Saharan Africa
694.5
850.5
795.0
875.0
817.2
978.3
875.7
1,019.5
.
,
400
9
.
,
0
458
Southern White Redoubt
319.1
321.1
290.8
322.9
310.9
352.1
317.9
374.4
.
.
South Africa (including
four others in customs
union)
251.6
243.5
225.1
250.5
228.3
255.7
247.3
288.4
287.8
12
3
330.4
2
115
Portuguese areas
45.1
64.3
55.7
63.0
76.0
94.8
70.5
85.9
.
1
2
.
6
89
Angola
38.7
55.5
48.3
53.2
62.6
76.8
54.4
68.2
90.
1
.
6
25
Mozambique
6.4
8.8
7.4
9.8
13.4
18.0
16.1
17.7
22.
0
8
.
4
12
Rhodesia
22.42
13.3
10.0
9.4
6.6
1.6
0.1
0.1
.
399
5
.
527
5
West Africa
195.1
250.3
238.0
256.1
224.7
274.6
280.3
328.3
.
4
87
.
8
96
Francophone
32.4
69.4
50.2
69.8
52.1
86.6
58.0
99.7
.
82
8
.
8
91
Ivory Coast
30.2
64.0
45.9
65.2
48.1
79.1
53.6
92.2
.
4
6
.
0
5
Others3
2.2
5.4
4.3
4.6
4.0
7.5
4.4
7.5
.
8
9
.
374
5
Anglophone
122.1
123.7
123.1
112.2
111.3
122.9
155.8
170.0
.
25
6
1
05
.
79
6
Ghana
64.5
77.8
58.8
46.4
57.3
78.2
68.5
90.7
.
.
2
.
9
270
Nigeria
47.7
35.2
58.8
51.7
43.7
36.3
70.8
71.3
130.
1
3
.
24
0
Sierra Leone
9.9
10.7
5.4
14.1
10.3
8.4
16.5
8.0
2
.
l
N
.
l
N
Gambia
....
Negl.
0.1
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
.
eg
0
.
eg
5
52
Liberia
31.3
48.4
50.7
58.9
52.3
51.1
60.3
50.9
49.
2
4
.
7
3
Others4
9.3
8.8
14.0
15.2
9.0
14.0
6.2
7.7
.
4
108
.
3
117
Equatorial Africa
70.7
102.3
94.4
11.9.1
106.8
123.9
104.5
105.7
.
6
42
.
8
44
Francophone
1.9.6
29.0
38.1
57.3
49.8
62.1
50.7
43.4
.
8
19
.
8
23
Cameroon
6.8
10.6
13.2
27.7
22.0
23.7
16.1
25.3
.
0
.
1
11
Gabon
2.4
7.1
10.9
12.5
11.8
14.4
11.7
8.9
12.
10
8
.
9
9
Others5
10.4
11.3
14.0
17.1
16.0
24.0
22.9
9.2
.
.
9
42
Zaire
48.1
48.8
38.3
44.9
40.1
42.0
36.4
40.6
43.3
22
5
.
29
6
Others6
3.0
24.5
18.0
16.9
16.9
19.8
17.4
21.7
.
2
171
.
174
0
East Africa
90.9
156.9
140.0
151.2
151.0
186.4
138.4
177.2
.
3
95
.
2
100
Anglophone
56.4
97.3
69.2
97.2
83.1
130.4
81.1
96.0
.
6
25
.
1
27
Kenya
15.1.
24.3
13.1
21.5
13.7
19.7
15.6
22.8
.
7
.
1
21
Tanzania
12.2
14.1
1.1.1
16.9
14.5
24.6
20.3
23.8
19.
.
1
49
Uganda
29.1
46.4
42.7
57.3
44.2
51.7
42.2
47.5
43.2
8
6
.
9
2
Zambia
....2
12.5
2.3
1.5
10.7
34.4
3.0
1.9
.
61
0
.
8
57
Ethiopia
29.5
53.2
63.6
45.2
51.1
46.4
44.5
67.3
.
11
5
.
2
12
Sudan
4.3
6.0
6.6
6.3
14.7
7.1
8.7
1.1.8
.
3
4
.
8
3
Others7
0.72
0.4
0.6
2.5
2.1
2.5
4.1
2.1
.
44
9
.
9
46
Indian Ocean Islands
18.7
19.9
31.8
25.7
23.8
41.3
34.6
33.9
.
6
9
.
0
37
Malagasy Republic
15.8
18.2
29.1
22.5
22.6
37.4
27.8
31.7
3
.
5
3
.
9
9
Mauritius
2.9
1.7
2.7
3.2
1.2
3.9
6.8
2.2
.
4
1
.
4
3
Errors and omissions
- 21.3
5.3
12.4
5.1
8.8
--7.7
3.3
-- 0.1
.
.
1 The value of US imports-f.o.b.-exceeds that shown elsewhere in this handbook for recent years because of a broader geographical
definition of Africa that includes a few islands other than the Malagasy Republic and Mauritius.
2 The Rhodesian figure for 1962 includes values for Zambia and Malawi, which are believed to be small.
3 Dahomey, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Upper Volta.
4 Guinea, Portuguese Guinea, and Spanish Sahara.
5 Central African Republic, Chad, and Congo.
6 Burundi, Equatorial Guinea, and Rwanda.
7 Malawi and Somalia.
pp NTIAL 9
Approved For Release 1999/09/0j9& : ADP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release I 9991,@"Ik~ PIA RDP79S01091 A000300050001-3
Table 2
United States: Exports to Africa, by Region and Country
1962
1964
196.
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
Total Africa 1
968.3
1,201.8
1,204.6
1,299.2
1,142.1
1,250.5
1,370.1
1,556.4
1
669
8
1
538
4
Northern Tier
426.7
449.3
341.1
412.5
285.2
334.4
369.7
385.2
,
.
366
6
,
.
371
3
Algeria
49.9
53.0
20.5
66.7
32.7
52.8
63.8
61.8
.
82.2
.
97
7
Egypt
234.4
267.9
158.0
189.3
66.2
48.5
67.2
80.6
62
9
.
76
1
Libya
43.9
58.9
63.7
57.7
85.1
114.9
134.1
104.4
.
77
7
.
85
1
Morocco
52.6
37.4
55.3
55.6
49.1
69.7
52.8
89.1
.
102
1
.
57
8
Tunisia
45.9
32.1
43.6
43.2
52.1
48.5
51.8
49.3
.
41
7
.
54
6
Sub-Saharan Africa
542.7
754.5
866.9
893.6
859.7
916.2
1,000.6
1
171.8
.
1
300
8
.
1
163
7
Southern White
Redoubt
256.0
423.1
482.7
439.2
475.6
510.9
566.5
,
628.2
,
.
684
7
,
.
645
5
South Africa (in-
cluding four
others in cus-
toms union)
222.6
392.7
437 8
400.5
426.9
456.9
507.5
568.0
.
627
2
.
603
0
Portuguese areas
19.0
18.3
22 1
31.2
44.9
52.0
58.5
59.7
.
56
8
.
41
8
Angola
11.4
11.2
13 3
17.2
35.4
36.8
32.0
38.1
.
.35
7
.
26
0
Mozambique
7.6
7.1
8 8
14.0
9.5
15.2
26.5
21.6
.
21
1
.
15
8
Rhodesia
14.42
12.1
22 8
7.5
3.8
2.0
0.5
0.5
.
0
7
.
7
0
West Africa
1.44.3
180.9
198.2
259.5
204.1
200.1
255.0
312.1
.
344
1
.
278
9
Francophone
24.1
36.8
27.6
40.8
32.2
32.0
49.4
59.8
.
56
9
.
59
5
Ivory Coast
7.8
19,0
11.0
23.2
13.2
12.4
19.9
36.3
.
21
6
.
22
3
Others 3
16.3
17.8
16.6
17.6
19.0
19.6
29.5
23.5
.
35
3
.
37
2
Anglophone
59.5
94.9
126.2
161.4
113.5
119.9
143.3
196.3
.
230
6
.
165
4
Ghana
22.8
25.0
36.3
52.6
42.9
56.0
62. 1
58.9
.
54
8
.
43
6
Nigeria
33.3
04.2
74.3
103.0
63.4
56.2
72.3
128.7
.
168
4
.
114
5
Sierra Leone
3.1
4.6
14.0
5.2
6.8
7.0
8.1
8.3
.
6
2
.
6
5
Gambia
0.3
1.1
1.6
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.8
0.4
.
1
2
.
0
8
Liberia
51.0
35.3
39.3
38.1
48.4
38.4
43.9
46.3
.
42
7
.
41
2
Others a
9.7
13.9
5.1
19.2
10.0
9.8
18.4
9.7
.
13
9
.
12
8
Equatorial Africa
79.6
81.8
90.1
82.1
68.7
73.6
73.6
97.7
.
124
6
.
100
5
Francophone
8.8
12.6
14.)
15.0
17.8
19.5
26.7
30.7
.
35
2
.
57
3
Cameroon
4.3
5.8
7.>,
6.1
9.8
10.2
13.7
18.9
.
14
4
.
37
0
Gabon
2.1
4.8
5.::
5.0
4.3
4.3
7,9
6.6
.
6
1
.
13
4
Others 5
2.4
2.0
2.5
3.9
3.7
5.0
5.1
5.2
.
14
7
.
6
9
Zaire
68.8
65.8
70.
56.9
47.8
50.7
43.8
62.0
.
84
2
.
37
3
Others s
2.0
3.4
5.4
10.2
3.1
3.4
3.1
5.0
.
5
2
.
5
9
East Africa
58.9
62.8
90.4
107.6
106.3
124.5
92.5
121
9
.
135
8
.
123
4
Anglophone
18.2
32.8
50.11,
74.3
70.4
65.6
58.9
.
80.9
.
98
8
.
74
8
Kenya
14.8
13.9
23.h
27.9
19.5
19.8
1.9.1
34.3
.
40
5
.
25
6
Tanzania
2.4
6.0
6.9
8.2
9.3
12.9
10.2
11.6
.
13
3
.
11
9
Uganda
1.0
1.6
2.1
2.0
3.9
3.4
3.3
4.2
.
6
7
.
2
9
Zambia
11.3
18.E
36.2
37.7
29.5
26.3
30.8
.
38
3
.
34
4
Ethiopia
23.2
12.5
21.(
15.6
14.8
46.3
21.5
25.7
.
26
1
.
24
1
Sudan
12.9
15.5
14.E
13.8
15.7
6.2
7.0
6.9
.
6
1
.
18
2
Others 7
I
d
4.6
2.0
4.,
3.9
5.4
6.4
5.1
8.4
.
4.8
.
6
3
n
ian Ocean Islands
M
l
3.9
5.9
5.1'
5.2
5.0
7.1
13.0
11.9
11.6
.
15
4
a
agasy Republic
2.8
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.4
6.0
11.9
7.0
'41.8
.
11.5
Mauritius
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.1
4.9
3.8
3.9
Errors and omissions
-1 .1
-2.0
--3.4
--6.9
--2.8
-0.1
-0.2
-0.6
2.4
3.4
I The value of US exports-f.o.b.-exceeds that shown elsewhere in this handbook for recent years
definition of Africa that includes a few islands other than the Malagasy Republic and Mauritius.
2 The Rhodesian figure for 1962 includes values for Zambia and Malawi, which are believed to
3 Dahomey, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Upper Volta.
4 Guinea, Portuguese Guinea, and Spanish Sahara.
5 Central African Republic, Chad, and Congo.
6 Burundi, Equatorial Guinea, and Rwanda.
7 Malawi and Somalia.
10 Approved For Release 1~VYf6~~N A'blA-RDP79S01091 A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08& 4 7L9SO1091A000300050001-3
Africa's
Percentage
Share of
Million US$ US Imports
Total 1,580.7 2.8
Food, beverages, and tobacco 563.3 7.6
Of which:
Coffee 326.5 25.6
Cocoa 90.0 44.0
Fish and products 58.2 4.8
Sugar and products 27.1 2.9
Nuts (coconuts, Brazil, and cashew) 20.1 22.0
Tea 17.8 20.3
Vanilla 9.1 87.5
Beverages and tobacco 5.1 0.5
Vegetables 4.9 1.0
Cloves 3.3 80.2
Crude inedible materials 167.9 4.4
Of which:
Crude rubber 28.6 11.3
Iron ore and concentrates 24.4 5.9
Manganese ore and concentrates 22.1 64.4
Industrial diamonds 11.4 29.4
Textile fibers (including wool, cotton,
and sisal) 10.5 5.3
Pulp and waste paper 8.2 1.6
Plants, seeds, and flowers (including
pyrethrum) 8.1 33.4
Hides and skins 6.6 5.7
Chrome ore and concentrates 6.4 23.0
Wood and lumber 5.5 0.5
Asbestos (including crocidolite) 3.6 4.1
Mineral fuels and lubricants 490.6 10.2
Of which:
Crude petroleum 475.9 18.3
Oils and fats 10.0 5.6
Chemicals 15.1 0.8
Of which:
Radioactive materials 4.4 4.0
Manufacturing goods, by materials 303.9 2.7
Of which:
Nonindustrial diamonds (stones) 133.3 20.9
Iron and steel (mostly ferromanganese,
ferrochrome, and other ferroalloys) 43.0 1.5
Copper 25.3 4.9
Aluminum 19.5 5.3
Textile yarns and fabrics 18.7 1.2
Silver and platinum group metals 18.3 10.3
Nickel 11.8 3.4
Zinc 6.9 3.7
Lead 2.7 4.2
Wood manufactures (nonfurniture) 3.7 0.6
Paper and manufactures 3.1 0.2
Machinery, equipment, and miscellaneous
manufactures 7.5 Negl.
Unclassified 22.4 1.4
Approved For Release 1999/09/08C-?R 9SO1091A000300050001-3 11
 Approved For Release 199940 /08;T1C[A-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
United States: Principal Imports from Africa, 1972
Crude petroleum
476
Coffee
326
Nonindustrial diamonds (stones)
133
Cocoa
90
Fish and products
58
Iron and steel (mostly ferron.anganese, ferrochrome, and other
ferroalloys)
43
Crude rubber
29
Sugar and products
27
Copper (brass and bronze)
25
Nuts and vegetables
25
Iron ore and concentrates
24
'Manganese ore and concentrates
22
Aluminum
20
Textile yarns and fabrics
19
Tea
18
Silver and platinum group metals
18
12 Approved For Release 199 RICB'tTl3IA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08C&1t ARF12S01091A000300050001-3
United States: Imports for Which Africa is an Appreciable Source, 1972
Million US$
Africa's
Percentage
Share of
US Imports
Vanilla
9
88
Cloves
3
80
Manganese ore and concentrates
22
64
Beryllium, columbium, and other ores of non-
ferrous base metals
7
50
Cocoa
90
44
Plants, seeds, and flowers (including pyrethrum)
8
33
Industrial diamonds
11
29
Cotton fibers
4
27
Coffee
326
26
Chrome ore and concentrates
6
23
Cobalt, antimony, and other nonferrous base
metals
15
22
Nuts (coconuts, Brazil, and cashew)
20
22
Nonindustrial diamonds (stones)
133
21
Tea
18
20
Crude petroleum
476
18
Sisal and other agaves
1
15
Crude rubber
29
11
Silver and platinum group metals
18
10
Iron ore and concentrates
24
6
Hides and skins
7
6
Oils and fats
10
6
Approved For Release 1999/09/01?'?MIQEN 79S01091A000300050001-3 13
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
United States: Exports to Africa, by Major Product, 1972
Total
Food, beverages, and tobac(,o
Crude inedible materials
Of which:
Textiles fibers
Pulp and waste paper
Crude rubber
Mineral fuels and lubricant,;
Of which:
Petroleum products
Oils and fats
Chemicals
Manufacturing goods, by materials
Of which:
Textile yarn and fabrics
Iron and steel manufactures
Machinery and transport equipment
Nonelectrical machinery
Electrical machinery
Transport equipment
Miscellaneous manufactures
Unclassified
Special category (military Supplies)
Africa's
Percentage
Share of
Million US$ US Exports
1 ,535.0 3.1
195.8 2.9
52.6 1.0
29.2 3.9
9.0 2.3
4.2 2.4
21.8 1.3
21.7 4.9
82.9 16.2
103.7 2.5
147.5 2.9
32.4 4.1
28.6 3.4
807.1 3.7
404.1 4.2
84.0 2.2
319.0 3.9
80.3 2.4
29.4 1.9
13.9 N. A.
14 Approved For Release 199=91MINU4A-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08cCPAp PAT9SO1091A000300050001-3
United States: Principal Exports to Africa, 1972
Machinery
488
Transport equipment
319
Food, beverages, and tobacco
196
Chemicals
104
Oils and fats
83
Crude inedible materials (nonfuels) including fibers, crude
rubber, and pulp
53
Manufactures (miscellaneous and other)
228
United States: Exports for Which Africa is an Appreciable Market, 1972
Million US$
Africa's
Percentage
Share in
US Exports
Oils and fats
83
16
Petroleum products
22
5
Machinery and transport equipment
807
4
Textile fibers
29
4
Approved For Release 1999/09/OiQ'Cl.RWB'079SO1091A000300050001-3 15
 Approved For Release 1+pgtWpgpi~PIA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
Total
37,226
40,686
44,386
49,328
54,711
59,486
64,983
71,016
78,178
86,001
Africa
1,246
1,426
1,685
1,918
2,075
2,273
2,680
2,982
3,482
3,833
Northern Tier
N.A.
N.J'..
N.A.
613
604
701
944
1,057
1,276
1,313
Libya
N.A.
N.F..
402
428
389
451
678
787
1,012
1,044
Algeria
N.A.
N.7..
N.A.
63
72
69
74
75
48
49
Morocco
N.A.
N.E..
N.A.
22
24
27
30
32
34
38
Egypt and Tunisia2
N.A.
N.I..
N.A.
100
119
154
162
163
182
182
Sub-Saharan Africa
N.A.
N. 1,.
N.A.
1,305
1,471
1,572
1,736
1,925
2,206
2,520
South Africa
357
411
467
529
600
666
692
755
868
964
Anglophone
N.A.
N.7..
N.A.
327
398
453
527
586
664
832
Ghana
N.A.
N.E..
N.A.
49
54
4.7
45
53
71
77
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and
Gambia
N.A.
N.I.
N.A.
137
202
251
293
307
326
463
Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda
N.A.
N.1-
N.A.
36
30
34
44
47
59
62
Zambia, Malawi, and Rhodesia
N.A.
N.!..
N.A.
105
112
121
145
179
208
230
Francophone (excluding Guinea
and Malagasy Republic)
N.A.
N.I. .
N.A.
161
167
180
189
198
215
234
Zaire
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
19
19
19
23
23
32
49
Liberia
184
11,7
189
204
207
174
174
172
187
191
Others3
N.A.
N.i,.
N.A.
65
80
80
131
191
240
250
I Data are as of end of year and are for book values. For the countries other than Libya, South Africa, and Liberia, figures are
subject to wide error. For a discussion of the weaknesses in investment data, see the Appendix.
2 Including Spanish Africa.
3 Including Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, the Portugues; territories, Guinea, Botswana, the Malagasy Republic, and all islands.
Total
Mining and Smelting
Petroleum
Manufacturing
Other
Million
US$
Million US$
Percent
Million US$
Percent
Million US$
Percent
Million US$
Percent
1960
925
247
26.7
407
44.0
118
12.8
153
16.5
1961
1,067
285
26.7
491
46.0
113
10.6
178
16.7
1962
1,246
307
24.7
627
50.3
141
11.3
171
13.7
1963
1,426
349
24.5
702
49.2
177
12.4
198
13.9
1964
1,685
358
21.2
883
52.4
227
13.5
217
12.9
1965
1,918
364
19.0
1,029
53.7
292
15.2
233
12.1
1966
2,075
368
17.7
1,104
53.2
333
16.1
270
13.0
1967
2,273
400
17.6
1,219
53.6
370
16.3
284
12.5
1968
2,680
395
14.8
1,565
58.4
403
15.0
317
11.8
1969
2,982
427
14.3
1,763
59.1
453
15.2
339
11.4
1970
3,482
454
13.0
3,086
59.9
538
15.5
404
11.6
1971
3,833
494
12.9
3,284
59.6
611
15.9
444
11.6
A.L
Approved For Release 1 ?)btTl'
IA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/081 CIA~p DPA79SO1091A000300050001-3
Total 661.1 630.4 448.5 421.0 370.5 360.4 324.1 330.5 279.0 359.1 462.7
Northern Tier 323.8 370.7 231.0 197.8 126.7 122.6 129.4 95.5 84.7 146.9 232.9
Algeria 9.6 69.5 45.3 15.1 19.4 13.2 .... 2.0 2.2 15.0 21.9
Egypt 200.5 156.6 95.5 97.6 27.6 12.6 .... .... .... .... 104.6
Libya 18.2 12.3 7.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.7 2.2 0.4 .... Negl.
Morocco 48.3 67.1 39.0 33.6 57.7 40.7 73.5 44.6 36.4 77.5 57.6
Tunisia 47.2 65.2 43.9 50.2 20.8 55.0 54.2 46.7 45.7 54.4 48.8
Sub-Saharan Africa (including South
Africa) 337.3 259.7 217.5 223.2 243.8 237.8 194.7 235.0 194.3 212.2 229.8
Southern White Redoubt 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.9 5.2 8.1 2.5 2.3 7.6 8.9 12.5
South Africa (including four
others in customs union) Negl. 0.1 0.1 1.9 5.2 8. 1 2.5 2.3 7.6 8.9 12.5
Portuguese areas, consisting of
Angola and Mozambique ???? .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
Rhodesia 0.7 0.5 0.4 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
West Africa 167.7 116.9 127.0 120.7 85.5 97.2 121.9 176.3 121.9 113.2 111.9
Francophone 15.6 17.7 24.9 13.0 21.2 19.3 41.8 19.7 26.4 20.2 35.0
Ivory Coast 2.5 5.0 8.9 4.8 5.7 1.4 32.4 8.0 16.8 2.1 21.6
Others2 13.1 12.7 16.0 8.2 15.5 17.9 9.4 11.7 9.6 18.1 13.4
Anglophone 129.8 37.1 68.9 44.7 45.3 66.4 67.1 121.9 86.3 69.5 58.9
Ghana 102.2 3.0 4.0 2.9 9.4 35.3 37.4 29.9 31.2 22.1 15.1
Nigeria 25.0 30.1 51.0 36.1 30.2 26.8 25.7 87.1 52.4 41.4 39.8
Sierra Leone 2.6 4.0 13.9 5.6 5.5 3.9 3.8 4.2 2.4 4.7 3.5
Gambia Negl. Negl. Negl. 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.3 0.5
Liberia 11.9 46.2 16.4 42.2 11.7 10.2 8.5 13.0 8.0 11.0 17.3
Others3 10.4 15.9 16.8 20.8 7.3 1.3 4.5 21.7 1.2 12.5 0.7
Equatorial Africa 102.6 80.0 49.9 37.6 44.0 47.1 30.4 1.3.6 17.6 35.9 21.7
Francophone 15.2 5.4 8.8 10.4 5.4 5.8 2.7 4.8 2.3 5.7 14.6
Cameroon 13.1 1.6 2.5 6.2 2.3 1.6 0.8 3.8 0.6 2.5 11.4
Gabon 0.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.6 Negl. 0.1 Negl. 0.1
Others' 1.7 2.5 4.6 2.7 2.0 3.0 1.3 1.0 1.6 3.2 3.1
Zaire 83.7 73.4 39.3 25.5 35.3 40.4 27.0 8.4 13.1 29.1 5.9
Others,' 3.7 1.2 1.8 1.7 3.3 0.9 0.7 0.4 2.2 1.1 1.2
East Africa 65.6 61.1 38.6 58.2 107.3 82.5 38.8 42.0 43.1 51.6 82.2
Anglophone 26.3 25.2 16.6 19.4 31.4 24.5 14.9 15.2 20.5 27.2 37.5
Kenya 9.7 5.6 3.8 9.2 19.5 4.5 5.0 3.9 12.3 13.8 5.2
Tanzania 12.0 12.1 9.2 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.1 3.6 4.8 5.7 3.1
Uganda 4.2 7.0 2.8 2.5 4.0 7.2 2.6 5.6 3.2 3.4 5.7
Zambia 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 6.1 1.2 2.1 0.2 4.3 23.5
+ Ethiopia 9.2 14.7 9.2 21.3 51.5 19.0 9.3 20.8 18.9 23.4 33.0
Sudan 13.2 11.3 6.6 6.2 15.4 20.0 0.3 0.3 Negl. 0.1 8.0
Others6 16.9 9.9 6.2 11.3 9.0 19.0 14.3 5.7 3.7 0.9 3.7
Indian Ocean Islands 0.7 1.1 1.5 4.8 1.8 2.9 1.1 0.8 4.1 2.6 1.5
Malagasy Republic 0.7 1.0 1.4 4.7 1.7 2.8 0.3 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.4
Mauritius Negl. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.1 2.9 2.0 1.1
I Data are by fiscal year and include loans and grants.
2 Dahomey, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Upper Volta.
3 Guinea, Portuguese Guinea, and Spanish Sahara.
' Central African Republic, Chad, and Congo.
5 Burundi, Equatorial Guinea, and Rwanda.
6 Malawi and Somalia.
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196.2
1963
1964
1965
1966
1.967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
Total
36,7
33.2
17.7
30.9
26.2
46.2
19.3
29.8
16.7
47.2
36.1
Northern Tier
12.5
19.4
4.5
13.2
7.1
24.1
5.1
15.2
3.8
21.1
19.9
Algeria
....
....
....
....
....
Egypt
Libya
2.2
1.3
1.9
2.0
2.2
[.8
1.0
0.4
0.1
....
....
Morocco
5.7
10.3
2.2
10.9
4.3
17.2
1.7
11.5
0.8
15.8
15.9
Tunisia
4.6
7.8
0.4
0.3
0.6
5.1
2.4
3.3
2.9
5.3
4.0
Sub-Saharan Africa
24.2
19.8
13.2
17.7
19.1
22.1
14.2
14.6
12.9
26.1
16.2
Southern White Redoubt
South Africa (including four others
in customs union)
Portuguese area, consisting of Angola
and Mozambique
....
....
....
....
Rhodesia
West Africa
2.4
3.7
1.2
2.8
1.9
...
1.1
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.7
2.9
Francophone
1.7
2.2
0.2
0.6
0.9
0.1
....
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0.5
Ivory (,east
0.1
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Others 2
1.6
2.2
0.2
0.6
0.9
0.1
....
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0.5
Anglophone
Negl.
1 egl.
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0.2
0.1
Ghana
Negl.
b egl.
....
...
....
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Nigeria
Negl.
D egl.
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0.2
0.1
Sierra Leone
....
....
....
....
....
..
Gambia
1
1
...
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.3
Liberia
.
0
8
1
0
....
....
....
....
....
....
Others3
Equatorial Africa
.
5.9
.
2.9
3.4
2.1
2.4
1.7
13.6
2.4
Francophone, consisting of Cameroon,
and others'
Gabon
0.2
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
,
Zaire
1.1
1.1
4.9
5.9
2.9
3.4
2.1
2.4
1.7
13.6
2.4
....
....
....
....
...
Others 5
East Africa
20.5
15.0
7.1
9.0
14.3
17.6
11.4
11.7
10.7
11.8
10.9
Anglophone, consisting of Kenya,
Uganda, and Zambia
Tanzania
...
....
....
....
....
,
Ethiopia
20.5
15.0
7.1
8.7
14.2
16.0
11.4
11.7
10.7
11.8
10.9
Sudan
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0.3
0.1
1.6
....
....
....
Others 6
....
Negl.
Indian Ocean Islands
Malagasy Republic
....
Negl.
Mauritius
I Data are for fiscal years and include loans and grants.
2 Dahomey, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Upper Volta.
3 Guinea, Portuguese Guinea, and Spanish Sahara.
' Central African Republic, Chad, and Congo.
5 Burundi, Equatorial Guinea, and Rwanda.
6 Malawi and Somalia.
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Table 13
Africa: Basic Economic Data, by Country
Population Latest
Estimate
Gross Domestic Product
Trade
Year
Area
(Thousand
Growth
Million US$
of
Square
Rate
Million
Independence
Miles)
Million
(Percent)
Year
US$
Major Sector
Percent
Second Sector
Percent
Year
Exports
Imports
Northern Tier
Algeria
1962
950
15.7
3.1
1971
5,000
Trade and finance
22
Public administration
19
1971
925
1,306
Egypt
1953
386
35.6
2.4
1971
6,000
Agriculture
29
and defense
Service, including
28
1971
823
1,219
Libya
1951
679
2.2
3.7
1970
2,900
Mining
54
government
Public administration
11
1971
2,807
819
Morocco
1965
158
16.3
2.9
1970
2,700'
Agriculture
28
and defense
Trade and finance
19
1971
499
698
Tunisia
1956
63
5.5
2.2
1971
1 ,200'
Public administration
17
Agriculture
16
1971
216
343
Suh-Saharan Africa
Southern White Redoubt
and defense
2
311
4
039
South Africa (including South-West Africa)
1910
790
24.4
3.2
1972
21,900
Manufacturing
22
Trade and finance
18
1971
,
,
Portuguese areas
Angola
Territory
481
5.9
1.6
1970
1,200
N.A.
N.A.
1971
433
445
Mozambique
Territory
304
8.7
2.2
1970
1,300
N.A.
N.A.
1971
169
354
Rhodesia
1965 (unilateral)
151
5.9
3.5
1971
1,628
Manufacturing
23
Service, including
23
1971
420
418
Former British High Commission Territories
Botswana
1966
220
0.6
3.1
1968
59
Agriculture
47
government
Service, including
14
1969
18
43
Lesotho
1966
12
1.0
1.9
1968
902
Agriculture
65
government
Service, including
21
1970
5
32
Swaziland
1968
7
0.5
3.2
1968
75
Agriculture
36
government
Service, including
35
1970
70
60
West Africa
Francophone
Dahomey
1960
45
3.0
2.8
1971
230
Agriculture
46
government
Trade and finance
19
1971
42
76
Ivory Coast
1960
125
5.1
3.3
1971
l ,580
Agriculture
34
Trade and finance
23
1971
456
399
Mali
1960
465
5.4
2.4
1971
280
Agriculture
54
Trade and finance
15
1971
38
49
Mauritania
1960
419
1.2
2.3
1968
170
Agriculture
38
Mining
27
1969
74
42
Niger
1960
489
4.4
2.7
1969
372
Agriculture
62
N.A.
1969
22
45
Senegal
1960
76
4.1
2.2
1971
746
Trade and finance
34
Agriculture
33
1971
125
218
Togo
1960
22
2.1
2.6
1971
290
Agriculture
45
Trade and finance
18
1971
49
70
Upper Volta
1960
106
5.7
2.0
1971
325
Agriculture
58
Service, including
40
1971
17
55
Anglophone
Ghana
1957
92
9.3
2.7
1970
2,500
Agriculture
42
government
Manufacturing
13
1971
381
469
Nigeria
1960
357
59.6
2.7
Mar 1972
6,800
Agriculture
563
Trade and finance
123
1971
1,793
1,510
Sierra Leone
1961
28
2.7
1.5
mid-1970
425
Agriculture
31
Mining
19
1971
107
122
Gambia
1965
4
0.4
2.2
1971
46
N.A.
N.A.
1970
16
17
Guinea
1958
95
4.1
2.6
1965
275
Agriculture
54
Public administration
13
Sep 1970-
51
80
and defense
Sep 1971
Liberia
1847
43
1.7
3.3
1971
440
Mining
28
Agriculture
25
1971
224
162
Portuguese Guinea
Territory
14
0.5
0.2
1969
1074
N.A.
N.A.
1969
4
23
Spanish Sahara
Territory
103
0.1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1968
Negl.
1
Equatorial Africa
Francophone
Cameroon
1960
183
6.1
1.7
1971
1,195
Agriculture
37
Trade and finance
22
1971
206
250
Central African Republic
1960
242
1.7
2.2
1971
213
Agriculture
49
N.A.
1970
33
41
Chad
1960
496
3.9
2.0
1967
241
Agriculture
54
Trade and finance
20
1970-71
28
62
Congo
1960
135
1.0
2.0
1967
228
Transportation and
34
Public administration
25
1968
60
86
Gabon
1960
102
0.5
1.7
1971
378
communications
Agriculture
23
and defense
Mining
18
1970
189
105
Burundi
1962
11
3.8
2.0
1971
205
Agriculture
60
Service, including
11
1970
21
26
Equatorial Guinea
1968
11
0.3
1.8
1968
40
N.A.
government
N.A.
1970
25
21
Rwanda
1962
10
4.1
3.1
1970
195
Agriculture
69
Manufacturing
14
1971
24
36
Zaire
1960
905
23.5
4.2
1971
2,100
Agriculture
22
Public administration
18
1971
798
626
East Africa
Anglophone
Kenya
1963
225
12.5
3.8
1971
1,4405
Agriculture
36
and defense
Trade and finance
15
1971
300
560
Tanzania
1961
363
14.4
2.7
1971
1,140'
Agriculture
54
Trade and finance
14
1971
281
382
Uganda
1962
91
10.8
3.2
1970
1,015
Agriculture
58
Trade and finance
10
1971
259
250
Zambia
1964
288
4.7
2.4
1970
1,700
Mining
37
Trade and finance
13
1971
679
554
Ethiopia
Time immemorial
455
26.5
2.5
1970
1,630
Agriculture
64
Trade and finance
8
1971
136
204
Malawi
1964
37
4.8
2.5
1971
362
Agriculture
51
Trade and finance
16
1971
76
94
Somalia
1960
246
3.0
2.3
1968
137
N.A.
N.A.
1971
39
58
Sudan
1956
967
16.9
2.5
1969
1,600
Agriculture
54
Trade and finance
15
1971
313
316
Indian Ocean Islands
Malagasy Republic
1960
230
7.2
2.3
1970
890
Agriculture
32
Public administration
20
1971
147
214
Mauritius
1968
1
0.9
1.4
1970
161
Services, including
28
and defense
Agriculture
24
1970
69
76
government
r At 1966 prices.
2 GNP.
s Does not reflect the sharp rise in the significance of petroleum extraction.
4 At 1963 prices.
5 At 1964 prices.
CONFIDENTIAL
19
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Introduction to Country Data Sheets
US economic relations with 23 individual African nations are highlighted in
the country data sheets that follow. The 23 countries accounted for 95% of
African trade with the United States in 1971 and 1.972.1 Twenty-one other
African countries accounted for the remaining 5%.
Trade data presented in the country sheets were extracted from the follow-
ing sources: the trade data for 1971 for individual African countries were pro-
vided either by the countries themselves or by the International Monetary
Fund; the data on US trade with African countries in 1972 were derived from
US Government statistics. Because of the general inadequacy of economic
statistics on Africa and because of the well-known difficulties with trade
nomenclature, trade statistics from different sources often vary.
Investment data are subject to wide discrepancies as explained in the
Appendix. Data on total foreign private investment are those compiled by the
Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD, when available.
Data on US private investment are from the US Department of Commerce,
State Department, and commercial information. Data on US official economic
assistance come from the Agency for International Development (AID).
1 In the data sheet for South Africa, the trade figures include data for South-
West Africa and for three small countries within the South African customs
union-Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland.
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ALGERIA
POPULATION MID-1973: 15,688,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1971:
Total: $5.0 billion Per Capita: $350
By Sector of Origin:
Trade and finance, 22%; public administration and defense, 19%; agriculture, 17%; mining,
17%; manufacturing, 8%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 5%; construction, 4%;
other, 8 %.
1971
Exports: $925 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
'UUS$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
104
0.2
By Commodity
By Customer
Petroleum
102
2.1
Petroleum
75
West Germany
24
Agricultural
France
24
products
12
Italy
8
Industrial
USSR
7
equipment
5
Benelux
5
Raw
Netherlands
4
materials
4
United Kingdom
4
Others
4
Brazil
4
UNITED STATES
2
Others
18
Imports: $1,306 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
98
0.2
By Commodity
By Supplier
Food
33
0.6
Nonelectric machinery
27
0.3
Industrial
France
38
Transport equipment
21
0.3
equipment
37
West Germany
9
Oils and fats
4
0.8
Semi-finished
Italy
9
Chemicals
3
0.1
goods
2.7
UNITED STATES
8
Cotton
2
0.5
Food
13
United Kingdom
5
Electrical machinery
2
0.1
Consumer
USSR
4
Iron and steel
1
0.1
goods
12
Netherlands
3
Other manufactures
1
0.1
Raw materials
7
Spain
3
Fuels and
Canada
3
lubricants
3
China
3
Agricultural
Other
15
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08d.WA7L9S01091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $210 million i
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: $49 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT
25X1X6
25X1X6
urrent direct US investment ($57 million) is confined primarily to the petroleum sector ($44 million).
There are also minority holdings in manufacturing and other industrial facilities.
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971 -
France: $924 million, almost exclusively in petroleum
Great Britain: $8 million
Italy: $4 million
:$1 billion 25X1 X6
COMMENTS:
In general, direct foreign investment is strongly discouraged. Petroleum is the exception, but Algeria
insists on 51 % ownership of any venture. On the other hand, Algeria actively seeks private foreign firms
to contract for the non-equity installation and operation of capital-intensive projects under the country's
development plan. US Export-Import Bank loan disbursements should increase rapidly, as loans in
excess of $400 million have been signed recently.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Million US$
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
Total
213.3
2.2
15.0
21.9
Loans
48.4
....
15.0
21.8
Grants
164.8
2.2
....
0.1
I No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
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POPULATION MID-1973: 5,908,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1970:
Per Capita: $220
1971
Exports: $433 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports or the commodity
All Commodities
90
0.2
By Commodity
By Customer
Coffee
69
5.4
Crude petroleum
12
0.5
Coffee
34
Portugal
33
Fish
3
0.3
Petroleum
15
UNITED STATES
20
Manganese ore
1
3.6
Diamonds
13
Japan
10
Unclassified
3
0.2
Fish
11
Netherlands
7
Cotton
6
Canada
5
Sugar
2
Spain
3
Sisal
2
Denmark
3
Corn
2
West Germany
3
Other
15
United Kingdom
2
Other
14
Imports: $445 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
26
0.1
By Commodity
By Supplier
Nonelectric machinery
10
0.1
Transport equipment
5
0.1
Machinery
22
Portugal
35
Miscellaneous
Transport
UNITED STATES
11
manufactures
3
0.1
equipment
16
West Germany
11.
Food
2
Negl.
Food and
United Kingdom
9
Chemicals
2
Negl.
tobacco
14
Japan
6
Electrical machinery
1
Negl.
Textiles
12
France
5
Textile fibers
1
0.1
Metals and
Italy
4
Beverages and tobacco
1
0.1
products
11
South Africa
4
Chemicals
9
Benelux
3
Mineral products
3
Netherlands
2
Plastics
3
Other
10
Other
10
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CONFIDENTIAL
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $270 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT:
US investment is largely in exploration for oil and minerals and in their production. At least 25 US
companies are active in Angola. Prominent among these are:
Gulf (principal US investor; approximately $130 million)
Texaco
Exxon Corporation
Union Carbide
Mobil
Standard Oil of California
Diamond Prospecting
Diversa, Inc.
Diamond Distributors of New York
Other
Tenneco agreed in 1969 to develop deposits of sulfur; investment is to reach about $50 million.
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT:
Larger than US investment, with Portugal the principal source. The United Kingdom has sub-
stantial interests.
COMMENTS:
The government encourages foreign investment through exemptions from customs duties and certain
taxes.
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CONFIDENTIAL
Total: $1.2 billion Per Capita: $200
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 37%; trade and finance, 22%; public administration and defense, 13%; manu-
facturing, 11%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 9%; construction, 4%; other, 4%.
1971
Exports: $206 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
24
Ne
l
.
g
By Commodity
By Customer
Coffee
19
1.5
Tobacco and products
3
1.5
Cocoa and
France
28
Fish
1
0.1
products
31
Netherlands
25
Cocoa
1
0.5
Coffee
26
West Germany
10
Aluminum and
UNITED STATES
9
products
9
Africa
7
Wood
8
Japan
3
Cotton
4
United Kingdom
3
Rubber
2
Italy
2
Palm oil and
Benelux
2
kernels
2
Other
11
Bananas
1
Peanuts
Other
1
Imports: $250 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
37
0
1
.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Transport equipment
25
0.3
Nonelectric machinery
3
Negl.
Capital goods
27
France
50
Beverages and tobacco
2
0.2
Semi-finished
West Germany
8
Iron and steel
1
0.1
goods
12
UNITED STATES
7
Miscellaneous
Foods, beverages,
Italy
5
manufactures
1
Negl.
and tobacco
11
Africa
5
Oils and fats
1
0.2
Fuels and
United Kingdom
4
lubricants
5
Benelux
3
Raw materials
5
Netherlands
3
Consumer goods
40
Japan
3
Other
12
26 Approved For Release 1 WWtPCIA-RDP79S01091 A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 :CC14-15 iA9S01091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $195 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: About $14 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT
Million US$
Petroleum
11.3
Exploration
6.8
Marketing
4.5
Fishing
0.2
Banking
0.4-1.2
Other
0.6-1.4
Principal US investors:
Gulf (exploration), Texaco, Mobil, and Exxon (marketing), Gorton's of Gloucester (fishing),
Bankers' Trust and Morgan Guaranty Trust (banking).
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT:
Estimate of distribution dating from at least 1971:
Percent
French
87
West German
5
Belgian
2
Swiss
2
Italian
1
Other
3
25X1X6
25X1X6
Investment opportunities include food processing, fertilizer, and forestry extractive operations.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Million US$
Total
46.4
0.6
2.5
11.4
Loans
27.8
....
1.3
10.4
Grants
18.6
0.6
1.2
1.0
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Total: $6.0 billion Per Capita: $180
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 29%; services, including government, 28%; industry and mining, 23%; trade and
finance, 9%; transportation and communications, 6%; other, 5%.
1971
Exports: $823 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
17
:Vegl.
By Commodity
By Customer
Crude petroleum
7
0.3
Textile yarns and fabrics
6
0.4
Cotton
45
Eastern Europe and
Cotton
2
14.5
Finished
Cuba
61
products
27
Western Europe
14
Semi-finished
Asia
14
products
14
The Americas
2
Raw material
Africa
2
(other than
Arab World
2
cotton)
Fuels
8
Other
5
Imports: $1,219 million
Imports from the United States
All Commodities
Million
US$
76
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
0.2
By Commodity By Supplier
Oils and fats
37
7.1
Machinery and trans-
port equipment
14
0.1
Chemicals
6
0.2
Food
6
0.1
Miscellaneous
manufactures
3
0.1
Iron and steel
2
0.3
Petroleum products
2
0.4
28 Approved For Release 1MNMWTItlA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $88 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: $100 million-$170 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT: Not available
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT: Not available
COMMENTS:
The Sadat regime officially reversed the antagonistic attitude toward private investment that
characterized the Nasir government. The restrictive terms of Law No. 156 of 1953 have been substantially
modified by Laws Nos. 1 and 65 of 1971. The 1971 legislation, designed to encourage foreign capital in-
flow, provides foreign investors with tax relief, exemption from detailed regulation of operations, and pro-
tection against expropriation of assets and profits. Investment is particularly encouraged in export
industries and tourism and, secondarily, in import-substitution industries and activities that introduce
new technology. Despite liberal terms, capital inflow has been slowed by the requirement to obtain ap-
proval for projects from the slow-moving Egyptian Authority on Foreign Investment and Free Zones.
Uncertainty about the course of the confrontation with Israel and the pending merger with Libya also
has hampered investment.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
695.0
....
....
104.6
550.5
....
....
104.6
144.5
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 fiQROPk?9S01091A000300050001-3 29
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
POPULATION MID-1973: 26,541,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1970:
Total: $1.6 billion Per Capita: $60
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 64%; trade and finance, 8%; manufacturing, 7%; public administration and
defense, 5%; construction, 3%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 3%; other, 10%.
FOREIGN TRADE:
1971
Exports: $136 million
Percent
Exports to the United States
Million
Percent of total US im-
By Commodity By Customer
Coffee UNITED STATES
44
US$
All Commodities 58
ports of the commodity
0.1
Oil seeds and West Germany
8
Coffee 53
4.1
cakes 12 Saudi Arabia
6
Hides and skins 3
2.3
Hides and skins 8 French Territories
6
Chemicals 1
0.1
Pulses 7 Japan
6
Meat and live Italy
5
animals 4 France
2
Re-exports and United Kingdom
2
other 13 Other
21
Imports: $204 million
Imports from the United States
Percent
Million
Percent of total US ex-
US$
ports of the commodity
By Commodity By Supplier
All Commodities 161
Negl.
Machinery 19 Italy
Transport Japan
16
15
Nonelectric
machinery 6
0.1
equipment 12 West Germany
11
Transport equipment 4
Negl.
Chemicals 11 United Kingdom
9
Electrical machinery 1
I
Negl.
N
l
Metals and goods 10 UNITED STATES
9
Chemicals
.
eg
Petroleum Iran
7
Food 1
Negl.
products
Textiles and
clothing
9
8
France
Netherlands
Other
3
3
27
Miscellaneous
manufactures
Electrical goods
6
Food
6
Rubber products
4
Paper and
products
2
Other
13
1 Table 2 shows a total of $24.1 million for US exports to Ethiopia. The difference is the result of the
inclusion of the value of military supplies in the larger total of US exports to Ethiopia, which is excluded
from the distribution by commodity class. fication-according to US Government procedure for reporting
"special category" shipments abroad.
30 Approved For Release I 999 T9MNT 1A-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $65 million 1
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: About $25 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT
Major Industries
Petroleum
20.5
Manufacturing
3.1
Transportation and utilities
0.1
Other
1.3
25X1X6
Principal US firms:
Tenneco (petroleum exploration), Mobil (petroleum sales), NFC International (manufacturing),
Crown Cork and Seal (manufacturing), Parsons and Whittemore (manufacturing).
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971
Italy
200
Netherlands
20
Japan
4
India
3
United Kingdom
2
France
2
25X1X6
COMMENTS:
Non-US forei n investment is a very rough estimate, based largely on undetailed information from
25X1 X6 The Ethiopian government has no figures at all on foreign investment.
Ethiopia maintains a liberal investment code and offers tax concessions and protection to foreign
investment.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
230.3
18.9
23.4
33.0
128.8
10.6
14.9
26.7
101.4
8.3
8.5
6.3
1 No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 ~@ MFI JS01091A000300050001-3 31
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
POPULATION MID-1973: 525,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1971:
Total: $378 million Per Capita: $''60
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 23%; mining, 18%; trade and finance, 10%; transportation and communications,
10%; construction, 9%; manufacturing. 6%; other, 24%.
1970
Exports: $189 million
Exports to the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
Percent
All Commodities
11
Negl.
By Commodity
Petroleum
36
By Customer
France
39
Manganese ore and
concentrates
Timber products
36
Netherlands
14
Manganese
20
Antilles
13
Other
8
UNITED STATES
11
Africa
(non-UDEAC)
8
Other
15
Imports: $105 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
13
Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Transport equipment
6
0.1
Nonelectric machinery
5
0.1
Machinery
20
France
57
Motor vehicles
Other EC (of Six)
17
and parts
18
UNITED STATES
11
Iron and steel
18
Africa
5
Consumer
Other
10
manufactures
16
Foodstuffs,
beverages, and
tobacco
1.5
Other
13
32 Approved For Release 1989198JITIQ.IA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 C64TWIX9S01091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $350 million 1
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1972: $125 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT
Million US$
Petroleum 47 minimum
Mining and smelting 77
Commerce N.A.
25X1X6
Major US investors:
US Steel, Mobil, Gulf, Bethlehem Steel, Texaco, Union Carbide, First National City Bank,
and Morgan Guaranty Trust 25X1 X6
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971
French 403
United Kingdom 38
Netherlands 25
COMMENTS:
The government's stated intent is to gain control of one-fourth of the capital of established foreign
private enterprises through purchase of stock, as government finances permit. At the same time, the
president encourages private enterprise, which he considers more efficient than state operations.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
8.0
0.1
Negl.
0.1
....
8.0
0.1
Negl.
0.1
1 No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
Approved For Release I 999/09/085 W- 'T '9501091 A000300050001-3 33
 Approved For Release 1 $UM ]APIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
Total: $2.5 billion Per Capita: $280
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 42%; manufacturing, 13%; trade and finance, 12%; public administration and
defense, 7%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 5%; construction, 4%; mining, 2%;
other, 15 %.
Exports: $381 million
Percent
Exports to the United States
Million Percent of total US im-
US$ ports of the commodity
By Commodity 1 By Customer
All Commodities 80 0.2
Cocoa 67 United Kingdom
27
Cocoa 53 25.9
Wood 10 UNITED STATES
17
Aluminum 19 5.3
Gold S West Germany
10
Fish 2 0.1
Diamonds 3 Netherlands
10
Wood and lumber 2 0.2
Manganese ore 2 Japan
7
Manganese ore 1 3.6
Coffee USSR
5
Petroleum products 1 2NTeg1.
Other 9 Yugoslavia
4
Other Europe
5
Canada
2
Australia
2
Other
11
orts from the United States
Im
p
Imports: $469 million
Percent
Million Percent: of total US ex-
US$ ports of the commodity
All Commodities 44 0.1
By Commodity By Supplier
Chemicals 10 0.2
Producers' goods United Kingdom
25
Nonelectric machinery 5 0.1
Materials 27 West Germany
13
Petroleum products 5 1.1
Equipment 27 Japan
9
Food 5 0.1
Durables 12 France
4
Textile fibers 5 0.6
Consumer goods Netherlands
3
Cotton 4 0.8
Foods and Italy
3
Electrical machinery 2 Negl.
other non- Norway
2
Transport equipment 1 Neg1.
durables 22 USSR
2
Iron and steel 1 0.1
Durables 6 UNITED STATES
2
Textile yarn 1 0.1
Fuels and Benelux
1
[Nonmetallic mineral
lubricants 6 Canada
1
manufactures 1 1.2
Other
35
Beverages and tobacco 1 0.1
I Ghana does not report aluminum as an export, because its aluminum industry is treated as a foreign
enclave. Purchasers of Ghanaian aluminum identify Ghana as the country of origin.
34 Approved For Release 19i~W6%9TH'` 'IA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 ; %WR179?S01091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $345 million 1
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: $77 million 1
25X1X6
Million US$
Petroleum
24.2
Exploration
16.0
Distribution
8.2
Manufacturing
4.7
Mining and smelting
155.0
Transportation and utilities
0.2
Commerce
0.9
Other (primarily agriculture)
5.0
Principal US investors:
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical (aluminum manufac-
ture)
130.5
Reynolds Metals (aluminum manufacture) 25X1 X6
14.5
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971 : $150 million minimum 1
Participating countries: United Kingdom (most important), France, West Germany, Switzerland,
Italy, Canada, and Japan.
COMMENTS:
Ghana welcomes large inputs of foreign capital and technology in joint ventures with local citizens in
essential industries. Through the Ghana Business Promotion Act it seeks to reserve small business for
Ghanaians. Because agreement has not yet been reached between Ghana and its creditors on how payment
of Ghana's huge foreign debt should be handled, potential foreign investors currently are very cautious.
Remittances of profits from existing investments have been delayed by a lack of foreign exchange.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
292.2
31.2
22.1
15.1
242.7
23.8
16.0
9.5
49.5
7.3
6.0
5.6
1 No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 c IR S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1t9g9 RWIALCIA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
Total: $1.6 billion Per Capita: 5360
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 34%; trade and finance, 23%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 12%;
public administration and defense, 1C %; manufacturing, 9%; construction, 6%; mining, 1%;
other, 5 %.
1971
Exports: $456 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
92
0.2
By Commodity
By Customer
Coffee
52
4.1
Cocoa
24
11.9
Foods, beverages,
France
33
Fish
10
0.8
and tobacco
64:
UNITED STATES
17
Wood
2
0.2
Agricultural
Netherlands
9
Wood manufactures
2
Negl.
products
30
West Germany
9
Petroleum products
1
Negl.
Manufactured
Italy
8
goods
3
Communist countries
3
Semi-manufac-
Other Franc Zone
7
tures
Other Europe
9
Other
5
Imports: $399 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
22
Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Nonelectric machinery
Electric machinery
8
I
0.1
Negl.
Machinery and
France
46
Iron and steel
2
0.3
manufactures
28
UNITED STATES
7
Transport equipment
1
Negl.
Semi-manufac-
Italy
7
Chemicals
1
Negl.
tures
West Germany
6
Textile fibers
1
0.2
Industrial
Netherlands
5
Foods
1
Negl.
materials
2
Japan
4
Other manufactures
4
0.1
Consumer goods
30
Communist countr es
2
Foods, beverages,
Other Franc Zone
7
and tobacco
15
Other Europe
8
Agricultural
Other
8
products
Petroleum
2
products
5
36 Approved For Release 1 ?)TelA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1 999/09/ NP RF79SO1091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $300 million 1_
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1972: About $36 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT
Million US$
Petroleum distribution and other sales organizations 15.6
Manufacturing 4.5
Mining 3.0
Commerce and service industries 6.6
Banks, financial institutions, and insurance 6.5
Companies:
American International Reinsurance
Bank of America
Bankers Trust Company
Burroughs Corporation
Chase International Investment Corp.
Fairmont International Corp .2
First National City Bank 2
Intercontinental Hotels 2
International Business Machines 2
Lazard Freres and Company
25X1X6
Mobil Oil Corp.3
Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.
National Cash Register Co.
Riegel Textile Co.
Singer Sewing Machine Co.
Standard Oil of New Jersey2
Texaco, Inc1
Union Carbide Corp .2
Van Camp Seafood Co.
Harry Winston, Inc 2
25X1X6
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971 $764 million 1
Million US$
France 464
Other Europe: 200
Belgium, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands,
Switzerland, United Kingdom
Canada, Japan, and others
COMMENTS:
The Ivory Coast encourages foreign investment by granting tariff and tax exemptions under a
liberal code, particularly for export industries.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Million US$
Total
Loans
Grants
1 No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
2 More than $1 million.
3 More than $5 million.
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
109.2
16.8
2.1
21.6
92.8
1.6.1
....
20.8
16.5
0.7
2.1
0.8
Approved For Release 1999/09c!'iI b 37
P79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999c(MP$ENgh -RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
KENYA
POPULATION MID-1973: 12,476,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 1971 (1964 prices):
Total: $1.4 billion Per Capita: $120
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 36%; trade and finance, 15%; public administration and defense, 12%; manu-
facturing, 11%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 10%; construction, 4%; other, 12%.
1971
Exports: $300 million
Exports to the United States
Million
Percent of total US im-
Percent
All Commodities
US$
27
ports of the commodity
Negl.
By Commodity
Coffee
Tea
Petroleum
products
Meat and
preparations
Pyrethrum
flowers and
extract
Hides and skins
Other
By Customer
18 Uganda
11 Tanzania
United Kingdom
8 West Germany
UNITED STATES
4 Zambia
Netherlands
Other
3
2
54
18
14
14
6
5
4
3
36
Coffee
Tea
Fish
Sugar
Fruits and vegetables
Plants, seeds, and flowers
(including pyrethrum)
Copper
8
6
3
1
1
5
2
0.6
10.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
18.8
0.3
Imports: $560 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
26
0.1
By Commodity
By Supplier
Nonelectric machinery
7
0.1
Industrial
United Kingdom
28
Chemicals
5
0.1
supplies
35
Japan
10
Transport equipment
4
Negl.
Transport
West Germany
8
Manufactures
2
0.1
equipment
18
UNITED STi TES
8
Electrical machinery
2
Negl.
Machinery and
Iran
5
Crude materials
1
Negl.
equipment
16
Tanzania
4
Food
1
Negl.
Consumer
Uganda
4
Unclassified
1
0.1
goods
12
Other
33
Food and
beverages
10
Fuels and
lubricants
8
Other
1
38 Approved For Release 1999/~916W:E6TX-'RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/0041&-,79S01091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $200 million'
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: About $55 million
25X1X6
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1972
_ $75 million 1
Petroleum
26.5
Manufacturing
34.8
Mining and smelting
0.2
Transportation and utilities
Commerce
13.0
Other (mostly tourism and ranching)
Principal US firms:
Exxon, Caltex, and Mobil (petroleum); Firestone and Union Carbide (manufacturing);
Continental Ore (mining); First National City Bank and Chase Manhattan Bank (banking and
commerce); Intercontinental Hotels (commerce and tourism).
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1972
United Kingdom: $245 million
Other sources: West Germany, Italy, and France.
25X1X6
_ $290 million 1
COMMENTS:
Most of the US investment figures derive from the companies themselves. The figures probably are
inflated or deflated depending on the profile the firm desires to maintain within Kenya.
Kenya maintains a liberal investment code and protects foreign investment. The government,
however, insists on 51 % ownership in mining and has reserved the right to take similar ownership in new
tourist projects. The best opportunities are in tourism and food processing.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
92.5
12.3
13.8
5.2
32.8
7.1
8.6
0.8
59.8
5.2
5.2
4.4
1 No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
Approved For Release 1999/09/6eN '6'79S01091A000300050001-3 39
 Approved For Release 1992e~ffi Nff2 -RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
Total: $440 million Per Cap_ta: $370
By Sector of Origin:
Mining, 28%; agriculture, 25%; trade and finance, 11%; public administration and defense,
9%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 6%; construction, 5%; manufacturing, 5%;
other, 11 %.
1971
Exports: $224 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
All Commodities
Million
US$
52
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
0.1
By Commodity
Iron ore
Rubber
Diamonds
Wood products
Coffee and cocoa.
Other
70
17
3
3
2
5
By Customer
Europe
UNITED STATES
Asia
Other America
Africa
67
22
8
2
1
Iron ore
Rubber
Coffee
Nonindustrial diamonds
Fish
Vegetable oils and fats
23
22
3
2
1
1
5.5
8.9
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.4
Imports: $162 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
41
0.1
By Commodity
By Supplier
Transport equipment
9
0.1
Nonelectric machinery
8
0.1
Machinery and
Europe
49
Food
8
0.1
transport
UNITED STATES
32
Electrical machinery
3
0.1
equipment
Manufactured
33
Asia
Africa
14
2
Textiles and fabrics
Miscellaneous
2
0.2
goods
22
Other America
2
manufactures
2
Negl.
Food
15
Other
1
Iron and steel
1
0.1
Mineral fuels and
Chemicals
1
Negl.
lubricants
7
Crude materials
1
Negl.
Chemicals
7
Petroleum products
1
0.1
Beverages and
Beverages and tobacco
1
0.1
tobacco
3
Crude materials
1
Oils and fats
1
Other
11
AO Approved For Release 199BE #A-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : EP7T1AS01091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $315 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (Department of Commerce data): $191 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1970
Million US$
Total
252
Petroleum
2
Manufacturing (nearly all in an oil refinery)
19
Mining and smelting
129
Transportation and utilities
3
Commerce (including oil distribution)
11
Other (primarily agriculture-$67 million)
88
25X1X6
Major US investors:
Bethlehem Steel, Republic Steel, Union Carbide, Chevron, Vancouver Plywood, Inc., Firestone,
Uniroyal, Goodrich
25X1X6
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1970 More than $297 million
Million US$
West Germany
150 maximum
Switzerland
2
Lebanon
50
Italy
N.A.
France
2
Sweden
89
United Kingdom
4
Netherlands and other
N.A.
COMMENTS:
Liberia uses the American dollar as its currency. The country has traditionally maintained concession
arrangements with foreigners, without restrictions on repatriation of profits and capital. Currently the
policy is for the government to participate in major foreign operations sufficiently to obtain half the
profits or otherwise to acquire equivalent income through taxes.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
196.4
8.0
11.0
17.3
99.3
0.9
3.0
8.1
97.2
7.1
8.0
9.2
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CONFIDENTIAL
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1970:
Total: $2.9 billion Per Cap.ta: $1,500
By Sector of Origin:
Mining, 54%; public administration and defense, 11 %; construction, 8%; trade and finance, 8%;
agriculture, 4%; transportation, comnmunications, and utilities, 4%; manufacturing, 2%; other, 9%.
1971
Exports: $2,807 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
116
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
0.2
By Commodity By Customer
Crude petroleum 99 Italy
Other 1 West Germany
United Kingdom
France
UNITED STATES
Netherlands
Spain
Belgium
Other
22
18
17
12
9
6
6
2
8
Crude petroleum
114
4.4
Imports: $819 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
85
0.2
By Commodity By Supplier
Nonelectrical machinery
41
0.4
Transport equipment
10
0.1
Machinery and Italy
transport United Kingdom
22
10
Electrical machinery
Miscellaneous
8
0.2
equipment 28 West Germany
9
manufactures
5
0.2
Manufactures 19 France
9
Other manufactures
4
0.2
Food 19 UNITED STATES
7
Chemicals
4
0.1
Miscellaneous Japan
6
Food
3
Negl.
manufactures 16 Netherlands
3
Iron and steel
3
0.4
Chemicals 7 Other
34
Beverages and tobacco
2
0.2
Fuels and
lubricants 4
Crude materials 3
Oils and fats 3
Other 1
Unclassified
2
0.1
42 Approved For Release 1999/aWre61PEUT RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08Cbq % lPT9SO1091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $1,400 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (Department of Commerce data): $1,044 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT:
US investment is almost entirely in petroleum. US firms account for more than 90% of oil production.
US firms in the principal consortia ranked from left to right in order of 1972 output:
Oasis Occidental Exxon Amoseas
Amerada Occidental Standard Oil of Texaco
New Jersey
Continental Grace Petroleum Standard Oil of
California
Marathon Sinclair
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT:
British Petroleum interests were nationalized in December 1971.
The Italian State Oil Company (ENI) owns a sizable field jointly with the Libyan State Oil Company.
All other holdings--including German and French-are small.
COMMENTS:
Most foreign investment in Libya must be in the form of joint ventures with state firms. The oil
sector is the last segment of the Libyan economy to become Libyanized (forced to cede half or more of its
assets to Libyan ownership). The government is currently engaged in efforts to gain 51 % state participation
in the operations of petroleum producing companies in Libya. In addition, workers committees formed
under Colonel Qadhafi's "cultural revolution" have been harassing foreign managers.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Million US$
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
Total
45.7
0.4
....
Negl.
Loans
....
....
....
Grants
45.7
0.4
....
Negl.
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 Approved For Release 199MMfi1A-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
MALAGASY REPUBLIC
POPULATION MID-1973: 7,221,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1970:
Total: $890 million Per Capil;a: $130
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 32%; public administration and defense, 20%; trade and finance, 18f./o; manu-
facturing, 11 `Y; transportation, communications, and utilities, 10%; other, 9%.
1971
Exports: $147 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
37
0
1
By Commodity
By Customer
Coffee
15
.
1.2
Cloves
3
78
5
Coffee
26 France
34
Vanilla
9
.
87
4
Cloves
14 UNITED STATES
22
Fish and preparations
3
.
0
2
Vanilla
9 Other EC (of six)
8
Sugar
2
.
0
2
Rice
5 Other
36
Chemicals
2
.
0
1
Sugar
3
Crude fertilizers
1
.
0
3
Chromite
2
Crude rubber
1
.
0
3
Other
41
.
Imports: $214 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
11
Negl
By Commodity
By Supplier
Transport equipment
7
.
0.1
Consumer goods
30
France
56
Nonelectric machinery
Miscellaneous
1
Negl.
Industrial
Other EC (of six)
18
manufactures
1
Negl
equipment
27
UNITED STATES
5
Oils and fats
1
.
0
1
Raw materials
23
Other
21
Electrical machinery
1
.
Negl
Food
14
.
Petroleum
Agricultural
5
equipment
1
44 Approved For Release 1 T!IA-RDP79S01091 A000300050001-3
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MALAGASY REPUBLIC
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $90 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT: $21 million 1
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971
Million US$
Petroleum 20
Other (meat processing) I
25X1 X6
Principal US investors:
Caltex and Exxon (distribution, equity in refinery), Conoco, Chevron, Texas Gulf, and Tenneco
(exploration).
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT:
Small, predominantly French, but including Chinese, Indian, and Israeli interests.
COMMENTS:
The old government granted tariff, tax, and other benefits. A military government, in power only
a short while, has not yet embarked on any new policy concerning foreign investment. The best invest-
ment opportunities are in consumer goods industries, maintenance facilities for agricultural machinery,
and food processing plants.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Million US$
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
Total
15.5
1.2
0.6
0.4
Loans
3.0
Grants
12.5
1.2
0.6
0.4
' The figure for 1972 could be as high as $52 million, if all prospecting costs are capitalized in the
petroleum industry.
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CONFIDENTIAL
POPULATION MID-1973: 16,259,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 1970 (1966 prices):
Total: $2.7 billion Per Capita: $170
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 28%; trade and finance, 19%; manufacturing, 12%; public administration and
defense, 11%; construction, 5%; mining, 5%; electricity, gas, and water, 3%; other, 17%.
1971
Exports: $499 million
Percent
Exports to the United States
Million
Perce at of total US im-
US$
ports of the commodity
By Commodity
By Customer
All Commodities
11
Negl.
Phosphates
Citrus products
Other agricultural
products
Other primary
products
Semi-finished
goods
Consumer goods
Other
23
15
33
13
8
7
1
France 36
West Germany 9
United Kingdom 5
Italy 5
Spain 4
Benelux 4
China 4
USSR 4
Algeria 3
Netherlands 3
Spices
Sugar and honey
Vegetable extracts
Leather and shoes
Textile yarns and
fabrics
Manufactures
Manganese ore
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1.4
0.1
5.1
0.3
0.1
Negl.
3.7
Poland 2
Other (including
UNITED STATES) 21
Imports: $698 million
Imports from the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
By Commodity
By Supplier
All Commodities
58
0.1
Food
21
0.4
Equipment
22
France
31
Oils and fats
13
2.5
Semi-finished
UNITED STATES
14
Nonelectric machinery
6
0.1
goods
22
West Germany
8
Beverages and tobacco
4
0.4
Raw materials
13
Italy
6
Transport equipment
3
Negl.
Food
22
United Kingdom
4
Cotton
2
0.4
Consumer goods
15
USSR
4
Electrical machinery
2
Negl.
Other
6
Spain
4
Chemicals
1
Negl.
Netherlands
3
Textile yarn
1
0.1
Benelux
2
Miscellaneous
Sweden
2
manufactures
1
Negl.
Cuba
2
Unclassified
1
0.1
Japan
2
Other
18
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $240 million 1
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: $38 million 1
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971
25X1X6
Million US$
Total1
47.2
Petroleum distribution
18.9
Manufacturing
16.2
Transportation and utilities
1.8
Commerce, banking, and
insurance
6.5
Other (hotels and agribusiness)
3.8
The number of US firms operating in Morocco rose from 46 in 1967 to 59 in 1971. Major US investors
are Mobil, American Tire, IBM-France, Exxon, and Holiday Inns. Others are Bank of America, Coca Cola,
Colgate-Palmolive, and American Chewing Gum.
25X1X6
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971 More than $3 billion i
Million US$
France
3,000
Spain
10
Italy
10
Belgium
10
United Kingdom
5-10
Netherlands
5-10
West Germany
5
COMMENTS:
The government is anxious to attract US investment. The American presence is growing in
agribusiness and tourism.
In March 1973, all remaining foreign-owned agricultural lands were nationalized. They were held
by French (two-thirds) and Spanish (one-third) interests. Compensation will be made. Moroccanization
of the tertiary sector is at a cautious rate so as not to discourage foreign investment.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Million US$
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
Total
576.0
36.4
77.5
57.6
Loans
336.8
16.4
53.1
47.1
Grants
239.3
20.0
24.4
10.5
' No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
CONFIDENTIAL
POPULATION MID-1973: 8,698,000
1971
Exports: $169 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
26
Negl.
By Commodity
By Customer
Cashews and other nuts
18
19.9
Tea
2
2.5
Agricultural
Portugal
37
Textile yarns and
products
62
UNITED STATES
14
fabrics
Cashews
20
South Africa
9
Crude fertilizer and
Cotton
12
India
7
minerals
1
0.2
Sugar
12
Angola
5
Crude materials
1
0.3
Tea
5
United Kingdom
4
Unclassified
1
0.1
Copra
5
Netherlands
3
Timber
4
West Germany
3
Other
4
Other
18
Textiles
15
Fuel oil
3
Other
20
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
16
Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Nonelectric machinery
7
0.1
Transport equipment
3
Negl.
Machinery
18
Portugal
26
Chemicals
3
0.1
Metal and
South Africa
15
Manufactures
2
Negl.
products
15
West Germany
8
Electrical machinery
1
Negl.
Transport
United Kingdom
8
equipment
14
UNITED STATES
7
Food, beverages,
Japan
6
and tobacco
11
Iraq
5
Textiles
11
Italy
4
Minerals
11
France
4
Chemicals
8
Other
17
Plastics
4
Paper
3
Other
5
48 CONFIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $120 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: About $15 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT:
Most US investment is concentrated in resource exploration and development, especially oil
prospecting.
Principal US firms involved are:
Clark Oil, Skelly, Sunray, Gulf, Pan American Oil, Texaco
Others:
Firestone, Holiday Inns, Charles Pfizer & Co.
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT:
Portugal is the largest single source of private foreign investment.
COMMENTS:
The government encourages investment by granting tax and customs rebates and allowing
transfers of profits and capital.
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CONFIDENTIAL
POPULATION MID-1973: 59,607,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, F:11972 (ended March 1972):
Total: $6.8 billion Per Capita: $120
By Sector of Origin 1:
Agriculture, 56%; trade and finance, 12%; public administration and defense, 8%; manu-
facturing, 7%; transportation, ccmmunications, and utilities, 6%; construction, 5%; mining, 3%;
other, V/6.
Exports: $1,793 million
Percent
Exports to the United States
Million Percent of total US im-
By Commodity
Petroleum
Cocoa
Palm kernels
Peanuts
Tin metal
Cotton
Rubber
Other
75
11
2
2
2
1
1
6
By Customer
United Kingdom
UNITED STATES
France
Netherlands
West Germany
Italy
Eastern Europe
Japan
Norway
22
18
15
14
6
4
3
1
1
US$ ports of the commodity
All Commodities 271 0.5
Crude petroleum 245 9.4
Cocoa 11 5.2
Petroleum products 5 0.3
Rubber 3 1.0
Wood 1 0.1
Hides and skins 1 1.1
Iron ore 1 0.2
Tin metal 1 0.3
Other
16
Imports: $1,510 million
Imports from the United States
Million Percent of total US ex-
US$ ports of the commodity
All C
diti
114
By Commodity
By Supplier
ommo
es
0.2
Nonelectric machinery 46 0.5
Food 21 0.4
Machinery and
United Kingdom
32
Iron and steel 9 1.1
transport
UNITED STATES
14
Electrical machinery 8 0.2
equipment
40
West Germany
12
Transport equipment 7 0.1
Manufactures
36
Japan
4
Textiles and fabrics 3 0.4
Chemicals
11
France
4
Chemicals 3 0.1
Food
8
Italy
4
Miscellaneous
Crude materials
2
Netherlands
4
manufactures 5 0.1
Mineral fuels
1
Eastern Europe
3
Other manufactures 5 0.2
Other
2
China
2
Benelux
2
Other
19
1 Historical material that does not reflect the sharp rise in the significance of petroleum extraction.
50 CONFIDENTIAL
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 ~GJ*Aql~,J9501091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $1,700 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: Less than $450 million i
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971 (Department of State): $800 million t
Major US participants are:
Gulf, Mobil, Texaco-Chevron
Selected other US investors:
Bank of America, Colgate-Palmolive, IBM, Motorola, National Cash Register
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1972:
United Kingdom, more than $1,000 million; France, $140 million; others include Greece, India,
Japan, and Lebanon
COMMENTS:
The government welcomes foreign investment, especially in large and medium-size ventures. At the
same time, the government wishes greater Nigerian participation in the equity and management of
foreign concerns. Twenty-two small-scale manufacturing and service sectors were reserved in 1972 for
Nigerian citizens. Tax and import concessions are offered selectively to foreigners.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
445.6
52.4
41.4
39.8
147.8
5.8
24.3
31.1
297.8
46.6
17.1
8.7
i No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
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 Approved For Release I 9c9 /9 1 ARIA-RDP79SO1091A000300050001-3
SIERRA LEONE
POPULATION MID-1973: 2,666,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, FY1970 (ended June 1970):
Total: $425 million Per Capita: $170
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 31%; mining, 19%; trade and finance, 15%; transportation and communication,
8%; manufacturing, 6%; public administration and defense, 5%; construction, 4%; other, 12%.
1971
Exports: $107 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
24
Negl.
By Commodity
By Customer
Nonindustrial diamonds
16
2.5
Coffee
5
0.4
Diamonds
61
United Kingdom
63
Fish and preparations
2
0.2
Iron ore
14
EC (of six)
16
Palm kernels
7
Japan
7
Coffee
4
UNITED STATES
6
Cocoa
3
Other
8
Bauxite
3
Rutile
1
Other
7
Imports: $122 million
Imports from the United States
Million Percent of total US ex-
US$ ports of the commodity
All Commodities 6 Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Food 3 0.1
Beverages and tobacco 1 0.1
Manufactured
United Kingdom
29
Nonelectric machinery 1 Negl.
goods
Machinery and
26
EC (of six)
Commonwealth
19
transport
(non-UK)
13
equipment
24
Japan
10
Foodstuffs,
Eastern Europe
7
beverages, and
UNITED STATES
7
tobacco
23
Egypt
2
Other manufac-
Other
13
tures
9
Chemicals
7
Mineral fuels
7
Oils and fats
1
Other
3
52 Approved For Release 19?916?Pkt' IA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 I 9S01091A000300050001-3
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FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $70 million
25X1X6
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1972
Assets of Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company in rutile production reverted to the US Export-Import
Bank. Nord Resources and Bethlehem Steel have decided to take over the project.
25X1X6
Private United Kingdom interests have holdings of between $55 million and $60 million. Together,
the Netherlands, Italy, West Germany, and Switzerland have holdings of $1 million.
COMMENTS:
With the economy stagnating, investment prospects are poor. All mining ventures operate under
the shadow of the government's policy of acquiring 51 % of such operations. This policy may be extended
to other industries.
Total
Loans
Grants
54.1
2.4
4.7
3.5
15.8
....
2.1
....
38.3
2.4
2.6
3.5
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CONFIDENTIAL
SOUTH AFRICA
POPULATION MID-1973: 24,433,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1 1972:
Total: $21.9 billion Per Capita: $940
By Sector of Origin:
Manufacturing, 22%; trade and f:nance, 18%; mining, 12%; transportation, communications,
and utilities, 12%; agriculture, 1.0%; public administration and defense, 9%; construction, 3%;
other, 14 %.
1971
Exports: $2,311 million 3
1972
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
Percent of total US im-
US$
ports of The commodity
By Commodity By Customer
All Commodities
330
0.6
Diamonds 12 United Kingdom
25
Precious metals
109
15.1
Fruit 8 Africa
18
Iron and steel
36
1.2
Copper 6 Japan
11
Fish
28
2.3
Platinum 5 UNITED STATES
7
Copper
24
4.6
Sugar 4 West Germany
7
Silver and platinum
18
10.2
Corn 4 France
2
Sugar and honey
17
1.9
Wool 3 Italy
2
Fertilizers
16
5.3
Manganese 3 Other
28
Industrial diamonds
9
24.4
Asbestos 2
Nickel
7
2.0
Iron ore 2
Wool and other hairs
5
5.3
Other 51
Radioactive chemicals
4
4.0
Lead
3
4.2
Imports: $4,039 million
Chrome ore
3
11.7
Percent
Crude asbestos
3
3.8
Manganese ore
3
7.9
By Commodity
By Supplier
Other nonferrous ores
5
45.5
Machinery
27
United Kingdom
23
Transport
UNITED STATES
16
Imports from the United St
ates
equipment
19
West Germany
14
Million
Percent of total US ex-
Textiles and
Japan
10
US$
ports of the commodity
fabrics
8
Africa
4
All Commodities
603
1.2
Mineral fuel
7
Italy
4
Transport equipment
173
2.1
Chemicals
7
France
4
Nonelectric machinery
152
1.6
Iron, steel, and
Australia
2
Chemicals
53
1.3
products
5
Netherlands
2
Electrical machinery
43
1.1
Musical and other
Other
21
Food
29
0.5
instruments
3
Textiles and fabrics
19
2.4
Other
24
Other manufactures
107
1.4
1 Including South-West Africa.
2 Trade figures include, in addition to Scuth Africa, those of South-West Africa and three independent
countries in the southern Africa customs union-Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland.
3 Excluding gold sales, not considered a commodity of trade.
54 Approved For Release I 9 'dYPMII IA-RDP79S01091A000300050001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08cb~A tRFT9SO1091A000300050001-3
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): Not Available
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (Department of Commerce data): $964 million
25X1X6
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971 $1.3 billion
Direct
US$
Indirect
Total
969
Total
318
Mining
158
Private sector
149
Manufacturing
462
Central government
Finance
61
and banking
169
Wholesale and
retail trade
202
Insurance
4
Other
82
Hundreds of US firms have some investment in South Africa, including: General Motors, Ford,
Chrysler, International Business Machines, American Motors, Armco Steel, Avis-Rent-A-Car, Bucyrus-
Erie Caterpillar Tractor Co., Coca Cola, and Colgate-Palmolive.
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971
25X1X6
_ $8.7 billion
Direct
Indirect
Total
Total
5,459
3,243
8,702
Sterling area
4,215
1,311
5,526
Western Europe
963
1 ,524
2,487
Non-US Dollar area (including
Canada)
230
28
258
International organizations
....
305
305
Other areas
51
75
126
South Africa is a major outlet for British investors. Holdings are as large as, or larger than, those the
British have in the United States.
The country encourages foreign investment but offers no incentives beyond those available to any
investor. Profits normally can be freely remitted, but capital withdrawals are generally subject to a
five-year blocking procedure.
The US Government neither encourages nor discourages investment in South Africa but encourages
those who invest to upgrade conditions of non-white employees. The United States considers South-West
Africa (Namibia) to be an international territory and officially discourages US investments in that area.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72: None.
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CONFIDENTIAL
SUDAN
POPULATION MID-1973: 16,901,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1969:
Total: $1.6 billion Per Capita: $110
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 54%; trade and finance, 15%; public administration and defense, 10?/a.; manu-
facturing, 6%; construction, 6%; electricity, gas, and water, 1%; other, 8%.
1971
Exports: $313 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
12
Negl.
By Commodity
Cotton
63
By Customer
USSR
16
Crude animal and
vegetable materials
10
3.8
Gum Arabic
7
India
11
Cotton
2
12.5
Peanuts
7
China
9
Sesame
7
Italy
9
Livestock
2
Japan
8
Dura
1
West Germany
8
Other
13
Egypt
4
Netherlands
4
UNITED STATES
3
Poland
2
France
2
Saudi Arabia
2
Other
22
Imports: $316 million
Imports from the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
18
Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Food
9
0.2
Consumer goods
42
India
16
Chemicals
3
0.1
Capital goods
16
United Kingdom
14
Nonelectric machinery
2
Negl.
Building
USSR
11
Transport equipment
1
Negl.
materials
10
West Germany
7
Iron and steel
1
0.1
Agricultural
China
6
Oils and fats
1
0.1
raw materials
10
Egypt
6
Manufactures
1
Negl.
Fuels
4
Japan
4
Unclassified
1
Negl.
Other
18
Netherlands
3
UNITED STATES
3
Poland
3
Belgium
3
France
2
Italy
2
Other
20
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CONFIDENTIAL
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $35 million
25X1X6
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971
The only sizable US investment is the Mobil retail marketing facilities valued at 82 million. The
rest is negligible. 25X1 X6
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971
Foreign investments, which had amounted to some $140 million, were greatly reduced by nationali-
zations and confiscations in 1970.
COMMENTS:
Since 1972, Sudan has been eager to attract foreign investment, particularly from the United States.
Although moving cautiously, US businessmen are beginning to respond.
Total
Loans
Grants
81.4
Negl.
0.1
8.0
47,9
....
....
7.9
33.4
Negl.
0.1
0.1
CONFIDENTIAL 57
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TANZANIA
POPULATION MID-1973: 14,368,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 1971 (1966 Prices):
Total: $1.1 billion Per Capita: $80
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 54%; trade and finance, 14%; public administration and defense, 7%; manu-
facturing, 5%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 5%; mining, 3%; construction, 3%;
other, 9%.
1971
Exports: $281 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All C
diti
21
l
N
ommo
es
.
eg
By Commodity
By Customer
Coffee
13
1.1
Cashews and other nuts
2s
1.8
Coffee
11
United Kingdom
21
Textiles, yarns, and
Cloves
10
Kenya
8
fabrics
Cashews
6
UNITED STATES
7
Plants, seeds, and
Cotton
11
India
7
flowers (including
Sisal
7
Hong Kong
7
pyrethrum)
Diamonds
11
Netherlands
3
Other
44
West Germany
3
Uganda
2
Other
42
Imports: $382 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
12
Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Food
4
0.1
Chemicals
1
Negl.
Manufactures
24
China
22
Nonelectric machinery
1
Negl.
Machinery
22
United Kingdom
18
Miscellaneous
Transport
Kenya
11
manufactures
2
Negl.
equipment
13
West Germany
7
Other manufactures
2
Negl.
Chemicals
13
Japan
6
Crude materials
2
Italy
5
Miscellaneous
Netherlands
4
manufactures
5
UNITED STATES
4
Food and
Other
23
beverages
5
Mineral fuels
8
Other
8
58 CONFIDENTIAL
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FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $65 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT: $5 million to $6 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971
Million US$
Petroleum
3.8
Manufacturing
1.0
Commerce
Negl.
Other
0.5
Principal US investors:
Caltex (petroleum), Exxon (petroleum), General Tire (tire factory)
25X1X6
25X1X6
Million US$
United Kingdom
43.0
Italy
4.5
West Germany
6.4
Japan
1.2
Netherlands
2.4
COMMENTS:
Government policy permits private foreign investment in certain sectors; others are restricted to
public and semi-public enterprises. Large-scale enterprises usually require government participation of
50% or more. Approved enterprises have the right to repatriate profits and capital.
Total
Loans
Grants
76.9
4.8
5.7
3.1
13.8
1.0
0.8
....
63.1
3.8
4.9
3.1
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TUNISIA
POPULATION MID-1973: 5,482,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 1971 (1966 prices):
Total: $1.2 billion Per Capita: 5230
By Sector of Origin:
Public administration and defense, 17%; agriculture, 16%; manufacturing, 15%; trade and
finance, 13%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 12%; construction, 9%; mining, 4%;
other, 14%.
1971
Exports: $216 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
8
Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Vegetable oils and fats
4
2.5
Iron and steel
2
0.1
Crude petroleum
Olive oil
Other food
Phosphates
Other industrial
goods
Consumer goods
25
22
11
19
18
3
Italy 20
France 20
West Germany 13
Libya 10
Spain 6
USSR 3
Poland 3
Pulp and paper
1
0.1
Other
2
Bulgaria 3
Switzerland 3
Other (including
UNITED STATES) 19
Imports: $343 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
55
0.1
By Commodity
By Supplier
Oils and fats
14
2.7
Food
12
0.2
Food
21
France
36
Transport equipment
10
0.1
Consumer goods
14
UNITED STATES
15
Nonelectric machinery
6
0.1
Equipment
29
Italy
9
Textile fibers
2
0.3
Raw materials
23
West Germany
7
Chemicals
1
Negl.
Semi-finished
United Kingdom
3
Iron and steel
1
0.1
goods
9
Austria
3
Electrical machinery
1
Negl.
Energy
4:
Canada
2
Miscellaneous
Spain
2
manufactures
1
Negl.
Benelux
2
Petroleum products
1
0.3
Netherlands
2
Other manufactures
2
0.1
Other
19
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FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $175 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT: About $14 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971
Million US$
Petroleum
Negl.
Manufacturing
2.9
Mining and smelting
2.9
Transportation and utilities
Negl.
Commerce
0.3
Other (housing, hotels, and tourism)
7.8
25X1X6
Principal US investors:
Firestone (manufacturing), Freeport International Sulphur (mining and smelting), International
Telephone and Telegraph (Sheraton Hotel), Carney Housing (building).
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT:
France, Italy, Belgium, and West Germany are the principal investors.
COMMENTS:
In the last few years, Tunisia has significantly increased its efforts to attract foreign investment.
Private foreign investment is encouraged by an investment code providing various tax, customs, and
other benefits for new investors. The code also guarantees repatriation of capital and profits. Particularly
good prospects for US investment exist in tourism and manufacturing.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
532.1
45.7
54.4
48.8
315.2
27.2
32.1
36.0
217.0
18.6
22.3
12.8
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NPIM
UGANDA
POPULATION MID-1973: 10,810,000
Total: $1.0 billion Per Capita: $100
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 58%; trade and finanoe, 10%; manufacturing, 8%; transportation, communications,
and utilities, 5 %; public administration and defense, 4 %; mining, 2 %; construction, 2 %; other, 11 %.
1971
Exports: $259 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million Percent of total US im-
US$ ports of the commodity
All Commodities 49 0.1
By Commodity
By Customer
Coffee 47 3.7
Tea 1 2.0
Coffee
53
United Kingdom
22
Tea
5
UNITED STATES
20
Cotton
19
Japan
10
Hides and skins
1
Kenya
9
Copper
7
India
7
Other
15
West Germany
6
Other
26
Imports: $250 million
Imports from the United States
Million Percent of total US ex-
US$ ports of the commodity
All Commodities 3 Negl.
By Commodity
By Supplier
Nonelectric machinery 1 Negl.
Transport equipment 1 Negl.
Machinery
16
United Kingdom
25
Transport
Japan
10
equipment
14
West Germany
7
Iron and steel
4
UNITED STATICS
6
Paper and
India
4
products
2
Italy
4
Cotton fabrics
1
Other
44
Other
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FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $55 million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971
US companies have invested in petroleum distribution
insurance, and tourist and photographic supply facilities.
United Kingdom
35
Italy
12
Kenya
N. A.
West Germany
N. A.
Netherlands
N. A.
France
N.A.
Scandinavia
N.A.
25X1X6
(Caltex, Exxon, and Mobil), advertising,
25X1X6
$50 million
COMMENTS:
The unpredictability of the current Ugandan Government is a deterrent to private foreign invest-
ment. Rash government reactions include expulsion of Israelis and non-citizen Asians, resulting in the
government takeover of privately owned firms. Recently, Kampala expropriated a number of British-
owned firms and one American-owned enterprise.
Uganda announced in January 1973 that it intended to take over some 500 British companies,
representing about 90% of British interests in the country.
Total
Loans
Grants
48.2
3.2
3.4
5.7
16.6
....
....
3.0
31.5
3.2
3.4
2.7
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ZAIRE
POPULATION MID-1973: 23,535,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1971:
Total: $2.1 billion Per Capita: $90
By Sector of Origin:
Agriculture, 22%; public administration and defense, 18%; trade and finance, 16%;
manufacturing, 16%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 7%; mining, 6%; construction,
3%; other, 12%.
1971
Exports: $798 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
By Commodity
By Customer
Nonferrous base metals
(probably cobalt)
12
15.9
Copper
64
Belgium
52
Coffee
12
0.9
Cobalt
6
Italy
11
Zinc
7
3.8
Diamonds
5
France
8
Manganese ore
5
14.3
Tin and ore
3
United Kingdom
5
Vegetable oils and fats
4
1.9
Zinc
2
UNITED STATES
5
Rubber
3
1.0
Coffee
6
Other EC (of six)
9
Palm products
5
Other
10
Rubber
2
Other
6
Unrecorded
1
Imports: $626 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
37
0.1
By Commodity
By Supplier
Nonelectric machinery
11
0.1
Transport equipment
7
0.1
Capital goods,
Belgium
25
Manufactures
4
Negl.
semi-manufac-
UNITED STATES
14
Food
3
0.1
tures, and raw
West Germany
11
Beverages and tobacco
2
0.2
materials
47
France
10
Electrical machinery
2
0.1
Consumer
Japan
10
Chemicals
2
0.1
goods
27
United Kingdom
6
Iron and steel
1
0.1
Energy
4
Other EC (of six)
13
Textiles and fabrics
1
0.1
Other
22
Other
11
Textile fibers
1
0.2
Petroleum products
1
0.2
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FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $560 million
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: $49 million 1
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT
1971
1972
Total
41.71
157.8
Petroleum
8.7
25.0
Manufacturing
16.5
34.2
Mining and smelting
1.2
94.2
Commerce
7.3
Other
g 0 }
4.4
25X1X6
Principal US firms:
Goodyear (tire manufacturing), Intercontinental Hotel, Mobil, and Texaco (petroleum distribution).
Standard Oil of Indiana recently invested in copper exploration and mining.
Grain, several banks, and automobile distributorships.
25X1X6
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1972
- $886 million
Other investors:
Gulf, Exxon, Pluswood Industries, Union Carbide, Philips Brothers Chemicals, Singer Sewing
Machine Co., Pfizer, International Business Machines, Pan Am, Cynamide/Lederle, Continental
Million US$
Belgium
635
France
20
Italy
50
Japan
40
West Germany
80
United Kingdom
60
Switzerland
less than 1
COMMENTS:
Zaire has been attempting to interest a number of major American firms (Kaiser Aluminum, ALCOA,
Ford, and General Motors). In 1971 it was estimated that direct investment from US sources might reach
a total of $500 million by 1975. US interests in mining are growing.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
Total
FY1970
FY1971
FY1972
381.1
13.1
29.1
5.9
172.6
11.7
25.7
2.4
208.4
1.4
3.4
3.5
1 No rationalization of the large discrepancy between these estimates can be offered.
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CONFIDENTIAL
ZAMBIA
POPULATION MID-1973: 4,688,000
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1970:
Total: $1.7 billion Per Capita: $410
By Sector of Origin:
Mining, 37%; trade and finance, 13%; agriculture, 10%; construction, 10%; manufacturing,
8%; transportation, communications, and utilities, 6%; public administration and defense, 6%;
other, 10%.
1971
Exports: $679 million
Exports to the United States
Percent
Million
US$
Percent of total US im-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
3
Negl.
By Commodity
By Customer
Nonferrous base metals
(probably cobalt)
3
3.8
Copper
93
EC (of six)
31
Zinc
2
Japan
21
Lead
1
United Kingdom
16
Cobalt
1
South Africa
2
Tobacco
1
Other Europe
13
Other
2
Other Sterling Area
6
Other
11
Imports: $554 million
Imports from the United States
Million
US$
Percent of total US ex-
ports of the commodity
All Commodities
34
0.1
By Commodity
By Supplier
Nonelectric machinery
16
0.2
Transport equipment
9
0.1
Machinery and
United Kingdom
25
Electrical machinery
1
Negl.
transport
EC (of six)
Other manufactures
3
Negl.
equipment
41
South Africa
15
Chemicals
2
0.1
Manufactures
28
UNITED STATES
10
Unclassified
1
Negl.
Food
1.0
Japan
7
Minerals and
Rhodesia
5
fuels
9
Other Sterling Area
11
Chemicals
8
Other Europe
5
Crude materials
2
Other
7
Other
2
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C IPA
FOREIGN PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971 (DAC data): $300 million 1
US PRIVATE INVESTMENT, 1971: About $112. million
BREAKDOWN OF US INVESTMENT, 1971
Million US$
Mining and smelting
100
Manufacturing
5
Petroleum
I
Other
6
25X1X6
Principal US investors:
American Metal Climax, Coca Cola, Westinghouse Air Brake, International Telephone and
Telegraph, National Cash Register, Mobil., Caltex, St. Regis Paper Co., Ingersoll Rand.
25X1X6
NON-US FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1971 More than $480 million 1
Million US$
United Kingdom
250
South Africa
200
Italy
30
COMMENTS:
The Zambian Government welcomes foreign investment that assists major economic development
goals. Most foreign investment has been in copper production, and the government wishes to steer new
investment into the other sectors of the economy, all of which are less developed.
OFFICIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES, FY1962-72:
Total
Loans
Grants
41.1
0.2
4.3
23.5
34.6
....
4.3
23.2
6.5
0.2
....
0.3
1 The large discrepancy between these estimates cannot be fully rationalized. Private South African
investments estimated at $200 million are excluded from the DAC data.
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CONFIDENTIAL
Economic statistics on the great majority of African countries are often
rudimentary approximations or educated guesses. Data on private foreign
investment in Africa are especially suspect. Investment data in this handbook
thus should be considered only as rough orders of magnitude. Some of the sources
use book value (normally original cost less depreciation) as a basis for valuing
foreign investment; others use current market prices of plant and equipment to
the extent that data can be developed. Because of the worldwide inflation and
conservative accounting practices, book values are almost certain to be ap-
preciably lower than market or replacement values, especially in the extractive
industries, which dominate foreign investment in Africa. Book values are known
at least in the accounting sense; market values can only be "guesstimated."
Even in determining book value, significant differences of approach can give a
wide range of dollar values. For example, book values depend on which partic-
ular accounting system is used for valuing minerals in the ground and for
treating exploration costs.
The OECD's Development Assistance Committee, a principal source of
investment data presented in this handbook, recognizes "substantial un-
certainties" about its estimates of the level of foreign investment in African
countries.
Firms in developed countries, in principal, use net book values
as a basis for the evaluation of their foreign investment.... For most
D.A.C. countries, no company surveys are available and the estimates
have been prepared on the basis of capacity, annual turn-over, etc., or
by using estimates of other authors, the bases of which are not known
in detail. In other cases, incomplete company surveys have had to be
supplemented by estimates arrived at in a similar way. To the extent
that these figures have any validity at all, they may be approaching
market values more than the book values used in company surveys.
This implies problems of comparability of the estimates.' (Emphasis
added.)
The nationality of investors sometimes is difficult to assign, notably in the
case of multinational firms. Some multinational firms have effective management
control in one country, major share-holding interests in another, minor share-
holding interests in a third, and the company headquarters in a fourth.
Relationships among subsidiaries located across country borders add to the
confusion, as does the foreign residence of nationals who manage or control
the firms.
' Part III of "Stock of Private Direct Investments by D.A.C. Countries in
Developing Countries, End 1967," Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Paris, 1972.
CONFIDENTIAL 69
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Other common problems are revealed in the US Embassy assessment of
Nigerian statistics on foreign investment:
The Nigerian Central Bank prepares the only official estimates of
the book value of foreign investment.... These Central Bank estimates
are considerably ower than past informal Embassy estimates, ap-
parently largely because the Central Bank data reflect much higher
rates of depreciation. Nevertheless, this factor alone can hardly
account for such an anomaly as showing
Z State. Lagos, A-67, 6 Apr 1973. U.
25X6A
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Confidential
Confidential
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