MILITARY CONSUMPTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SINO-SOVIET BLOC 1950-1955

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79S01100A000200160001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 50
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 12, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 1, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE COMMIT ME
Subcommittee on Petroleum
MILITARY CONSUMPTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
25X1A
SINO-SOVIET BLOC
1950-1955
EIC-PSC-WP 1
(Limited Distribution)
Army Declass/Release Instructions on File
!1 Cr$A t = {rN CLASS.
CH, 'i2LD TO: TS S C
1 April 1956 r'LViLVV DATE:
AU' H: HF 70-2
DATE: _.___-REVIEWER;
S-E-C-R-E-T
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Economic Intel.igence Committe,
Subcommittee Petrole
Report
Military Consumption o:~ Petrol' um Products
Sino-Sqriet Bloc
1 April 1956
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Pa ge
Foreword . . . . ? ? ? . . ? ? ? ? ? 1
? b ? O q . e
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The Estimates b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendixes
Appendix A e . . . . ? . 6
Appendix B . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Tables
1. Estimated Annual. Consumption(by consumer) of Petroleum
Products, Sino-Soviet Bloc Military Forces, 1950-1955 . . . 2
2. Estimated Annual Consumption (by product) of Petroleum
Products, Sino-Soviet Bloc Military Forces, 1950-1951 . . . 3
1952-1953 . . . 4
1954-1955 . . . 5
A-1 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Soviet Army (by location), 1950-1955 ? . . . . . . . . . . 10
A-2 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Soviet Army (by consumer), 1950-1955 . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A-3 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Soviet Militarized Security Forces of the MVD, 1950-1955 ,
12
A-4 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
European Satellite Ground. Forces, . . . . 1950-1952 . . . 13
1953-1955 . . . 14
A-5 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Comrri.unist China and Asiatic Satellite Ground. Forces,
1950-1952 . . . 15
1953-1955 . . . 16
B-1 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Soviet Bloc Naval Forces, . . . . . . . . . 1950-1952 . . . 18
1953-1955 . . . 19
B-2 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Communist Chino and Asiatic Satellite Naval Forces, 1950-1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
C--1 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Soviet Air Forces, . . . . . . . . . ? . 1950 . . . 23
1951?.. 25
1952 . . . 27
1953 . . . 29
1954. ? . 31
1955 . . . 33
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C-2 Estimated. Annual Consurn.ption of. Petroleum Products,
European Satellite Air Forces, . . . . . . . . 1950 e 35
1951 e a 0 36
1952 . . e 37
1953 3c'
1954. . o 39
1955. . . 40
C-3 Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products,
Communist China and Asiatic Satellite Air Forces,
1950. e . 41
1951. e e 42
1952. . . 43
1953 e o . 44
1954 e . . 45
1955 e e . 46
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This report provides estimates of the consumption of petroleum
products by the military and paramilitary Services of the countries of
the Sino-Soviet Bloc for the years 1950 through 1955.
The report was prepared under the sponsorship of the Economic
Intelligence Committee Subcommittee on Petroleum to meet a designated
research deficiency. It is intended that the report serve members of the
intelligence community in petroleum supply/demand studies for countries
of the Sino-Soviet Bloc.
The limitations of this first joint research effort on the part of
the Subcommittee on Petroleum are recognized. However, the report is
considered a useful instrument in its present form and can serve as the
object of further refinement as better information becomes available.
INTRODUCTION
The estimates included in this report were developed independently
by the appropriate intelligence authorities of the US Departments of
Army, Navy, and Air Forces. The particular responsibilities for the
preparation of consumption estimates for similar consumers in the Bloc
follow:
Army - Appendix A. Sino-Soviet Bloc ground forces;
militarized security forces (MVD),
Navy - Appendix B. Sino-Soviet Bloc naval forces
ashore and afloat.
Air Force - Appendix C. Sino-Soviet Bloc air forces;
naval air forces; civil "rzacion;
ferrying operations; aircraft engine
testing.
Since consumption data, per se, was not available, the estimates
represent calculations based on consideration of the probable numbers
and types of equipment, estimated use thereof, and the petroleum product
consumption per unit time or distance.
The estimates of consumption of petroleum products by the Army, Navy,
and Air Forces of the countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc for the years 1950
through 1955 are summarized in Table 1. Military consumption by product
and by location of forces is stumunarized in Table 2.
The supporting data and methodology for Tables 1 and 2 are included
in the appropriate appendixes.
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Appendix A
GROUND FORCES*
1. Soviet and European Satellites.
A. Assumptions.
(1) Soviet Army units were at authorized Table of Organization
and Equipment (TO/E) strengths in tanks,,self-propelled (SP) guns, and
other vehicles during 1950-53.
(2) Petroleum product consumption by Satellite army units. is
comparable to Soviet rates of consumption, except that units are at less
than vehicle strengths authorized in TO/Es.
(3) Petroleura products are consumed at the same rates by all
vehicles of a particular type. For example, the consumption rate for
the same truck used for transport is the same in all units.
(4) All tractors in Soviet and Satellite units burn diesel fuel
(although a few may burn gasoline).
(5) The vehicle strength of the militarized security forces of
the MUD was assumed. However, vehicle strength for Border Troops was
estimated on the basis of available information.
(6) All vehicles in the militarized security forces were
considered as transport vehicles and were allocated gasoline for 7,,200
miles of operation annually, except that 25 percent of the vehicles of
the Interior Troops were assumed to be transport vehicles and the
balance of the Interior Troops' vehicles were considered as other than
transport and were allocated 2,100 miles of operation annually.
(7) The relationahip between petroleum products consumed by the
Army forces and the schools supporting such forces is the same in all
countries.
B. Methodology.
(1) Estimates of petroleum product consumption by the Soviet
Army have been divided into two periods: 1950-53 and 1954-55. In the
first period, the organization of the Soviet forces was static, being
based on the reorganization that took place in 1947. It is believed
that annual petroleum product consumption during the period did not vary
substantially during 1950-53. The second period takes into account the
major organizational changes which began in 1954 and which increased
substantially the number of wheeled and tracked vehicles. The petroleum
product consumption during 1954-55 reflects only divisional changes --
there having been no evidence of non-divisional reorganization.
(2) Annual gasoline consumption by the Soviet Army was calculated
on the basis of the estimated total number of gasoline burning vehicles
# The estimates of consumption for Ground Forces represent the best
available information as of December 1955.
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in divisional and non-divisional units, military schools, and depot
installations- In all instances, vehicles were divided into "transport"
and "other" vehicles "Transport" vehicles were allocated gasoline for
7,200 miles annually, and "other" vehicles were allocated 2,100 miles-
Such mileages were obtained .from current Soviet documents and reports-
(3) The fragmentary information available on Soviet tank and SF
gun training indicates that most of the armor assigned to troops is kept
in storage. Analysis of all available information led to the belief that
about 10 percent of the armor in units was used throughout the year for
training and that another 10 percent was added from the tank park during
summer training in the field. The remaining 80 percent would therefore
be used for short-term maneuvers and for movement to and from railroad
stations. The following rates of operation were used:
10 percent, year-round training 400 hours
10. percent, summer training 50 hours
SO percent, maneuver training 25 hours
These rates were applied to the approximate 30,000 tanks and SF guns
assigned to Soviet troops. No allowance was made for armor which was
in permanent storage and, therefore, not assigned to troops- Fuel
consumption for tractors and tank. retrievers was calculated on the
same basis as for tanks except that mileages were used instead of
hours of operation- These vehicles were allotted, fuel on the basis
of 800 miles for 10 percent used in year-round training; 400 miles for
an additional 10 percent used in summer training; and 200 miles for
BO'percent used in maneuver training.
(4) Since the beginning of 1954, there has been substantial
evidence of organizational changes in many Soviet Army units- The
extent of these changes is, as yet, not completely known but the
evidence is. sufficient to warrant an increase in the annual consumption
of petroleum products estimated for the period 1950-53- Based on the
general indications noted. to date, it is believed that the 1954-55
consumption may be developed by increasing the 1950-53 totals by the
following quantities:
Gasoline' 30,000 metric tons
Diesel Fuel 30,000 metric tons
Lubricants 4,800 metric tons
(5) Gasoline. consumption by the Soviet militarized security
forces of the MVD was calculated on the basis of 7,200 miles annually
for "transport" vehicles and 2,100 miles for "other" vehicles. Gasoline
consumption by the comparable troops in the Satellite countries was
calculated on the basis of one truck per 20 men in the such security
forces- Each truck was allocated 6,000 miles per year. Consumption
for the different years was calculated on the basis of personnel
strengths of the security forces of each country for each year. The
Soviet militarized security forces were allocated 1,500 tons of diesel
fuel annually on the basis of reported artillery and tanks in certain
MVD units.
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(6) Petroleum product consumption for the European Satellite
armies was based on estimated vehicle strengths of each army. Vehicle
strengths in Satellite units were estimated to be 85 percent of similar
Soviet units in 1954. A calculation was made of the consumption in 1954
and percentage factors were applied to reflect the vehicle strength of
Satellite armies for other years in order to develop consumption estimates
for these years.
(7) Available intelligence does not permit the development of
estimates of petroleum products which may be consumed in space heating,
lighting, cleaning, construction work by the military-forces for the
civil economy, or for othor. miscellaneous uses.
C. Validity of the estimates.
Since, it was necessary to use several estimated factors and
assumptions, the estimates should. be considered approximations and
subject to considerable margin of error.
D. The estimates.
The consumption estimates for the Soviet and European Satellite
ground forces are shown in Tables A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4.
2. Communist China and the Asiatic Satellites.
A. Assumptions.
(1) Vehicle consumption per day in gallons is assumed as follows
Trucks
Self
Propelled Guns
Tanks
North Korea
4.2
6.9
8.4
3.6
(1955)
Commmunist Chinese in Korea
4,.2
6.9
8.4
3.6
(1955)
Communist Chinese in China
1.25
2.0
2.0 Heavy
1.0 Light
Viet Minh
3.75
Trucks operating in Korea are assumed to travel 1,000 miles
per month (850 in 1955); in Communist China, 300; and in Viet Minh, 900.
These consuzmmption rates allow fora vehicle deadline factor of about,
one--third. Consumption rates are higher in Korea and North Viet Nam than
in Communist China because of greater consumption during combat operations.,
and, since the armistice, by greater utilization of vehicles; vehicle
operation in Communist China is believed to be sharply restricted..
B. Methodolotry.
The estimated number of vehicles for each year was based on an
analyses of To/E authorizations, reports of the numbers of vehicles on
hand, and. imports. The number of vehicles was multiplied by the daily
S-E-C-R-E-T
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S E-C-Ft E-T
consumption factor. The quantities so developed were multiplied by 365
to obtain a yearly figure.
C. Validity of the estimates..
The estimates of the numbers of vehicles used in the computation
are fairly reliable, but the assumed consumption factors are subject to
a considerable margin of error. However, the consumption factors do not
seem inconsistent ire+.h a~reilable data on U.S. Army peacetime consumption
in Korea which indicated an average of six gallons per vehicle per day.
Nevertheless, the lack of information on actual consumption and the use
of assumed consumption factors suggests a substantial margin of error,
D. The estimates.
The consumption estimates for Communist China and Asiatic
Satellite ground forces are shown in Table A-5.
S-E-C-R-E-T
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/29 : CIA-RDP79S01100A000200160001-1
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/29 : CIA-RDP79SO1 1 0OA000200160001 -1
S-&C R-&T
Table A-2
Estimated Annual Consumption of Petroleum Products
Soviet Army' 1950 through 1953 a/
die Divisions
Wf
45 Mecz
20 Tank
5 Cavalry
Sub-total
Non-Divisional
Zaii~s- Troops
ansport
ehicles
32,445 3
0 19
8,560 4lyag
500
60,990
815
8
Army Troops 1
,585
GHQ Troops 31,, 500
Miscellaneous d
Sub-total 54,900
Total
Lane Divisions
115,890
Medium Tanks
and SP Guns
(Metric Tons)
Motor Gasoline
Other
Consuumption 1
77.9910
? 1051
81,110
62
9330
61,0470
t7RQ
9
.
5
22.9580
, - tiq; orS7
400
21
18,06
0
1,250
a 0
161,960
152,x475
129,570
17,,820
12,040
149260
51,390
46,465
41,110
60,160
78,750
48 430
129,370
1379255
1039500
291,330
289,730
223.9070
Diesel Fuel
Heavy Tar~lcs Retrievers
and SP Guns Tractors
Consumption
Total
143,440
97,890
39,465
1,250
2829045
26.9300
87,9575
1909180
639000
3049055
586,100
105 e
79140
0
2940
16
98o
45 Mecz
0
10,215
2,925
1,485
,0
34
930
2
Tank
5,460
1,300
700
9
1696oo
Sub-total
22,815
4,225
5,125
689,510
N9PDivisional
Corps
210
0
1
080
Army Troops
500
9
1.9200
CEO Troops
1,x475
790
400
1,650
1
520
4,9640
,
5
9045
Sub-total
29185
1,190
4.9250
,
10
885
1
25,000
5,415
99375
,9
79,9395
Lubricants
Lubricants for gasoline engine driven vehicles e
Lubricants for diesel engine driven vehicles
Total
GRAND TOTAL
359160
7,9940
143.91OO
708.9595
ae The consumption for 1954 and 1955 is estimated on the basis of an increase of
Gasoline 30,000 tons., Diesel fuel 30.9000 tons, Lubricants 4,0800 tons applied to the
estimates for the years 1950 through 1955. (See paragraph 1, b, 4, Appendix A0)
The consumption estimates for 1954 and 1955 are, therefore, gasoline 586,100 plus
30,000 or 616,100; diesel fuel 79,,395 plus 30,000 or 109,395; lubricants 439100 plus
18OO or 47,900,
b, Calculated at 7,0200 miles'per vehicle per year,
C. Calculated at 2.9100 miles per vehicle per year.
de Radar., motor boats., and outboard motors,
e. Calculated at 6% of gasoline weight*
f. Calculated at 10% of diesel fuel weight,
S-E-C-R-B-T'
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/29 : CIA-RDP79S01100A000200160001-1
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/29 : CIA-RDP79S01100A000200160001-1
S-E:-C-R-E-T
Appendix B
1. Sino-Soviet Bloc Naval Forces.
A. Methodolqa.
These estimates, taken from ONI 18-1A (15 June 1955) and changes
thereto, were developed by the following method:
(1) Order of Battle was taken from Strength and Disposition of
Foreign Navies (ONI-3O-SID) as revised for each year.
(2) An operational schedule (number of days at sea, in port and
in shipyards) of each vessel type was developed, on the basis of the best
available intelligence, filled in and expanded by the use of USN
experience.
(3) Fuel consumption for each vessel type for each day at see,
in port and in yards was estimated on the basis of the most comparable
USN type, modified as required.
(4) The fuel consumed per vessel per year was estimeted using
data developed in steps 2 and 3 and multiplied by the number of vessels
of that type on I .July of each year to give annual consumption per type.
(5) Annual consumption of all vessels in each type was toteled
to give total consumption for the naval forces afloat.
(6) Consumption of Naval Forces ashore is estimated on the basis
of a per man requirement. The result is considered as all gasoline,
<hough a small, probably insignificant, part of this total would be
kerosene and diesel.
(7) Requirements for lubricants are estimated at 1 percent for
fuel oil data, 2 percent for deisel oil data and 5 percent for gasoline
data.
(8) These estimates include units attached to pare-military
organizations.
B. The estimates.
The consumption estimates for Bloc naval forces are shown in
Tables B-1 and B-2.
The estimates of consumption for Naval Forces represent the best
available information & s of November 1955. Naval Air Forces
consumption is included with Air Forces in Appendix C.
S-&-C-R-E-T
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/29 : CIA-RDP79SO1 1 0OA000200160001 -1
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/29 : CIA-RDP79SO1 1 0OA000200160001 -1
S-E-C-R-E-T
Appendix C
1. Sino-Soviet Bloc Air Forces.
A, Assumptions and methodology.
(1) Aircraft fuels and lubricants.
(a) Aircraft in operating regiments -- The air order of
battle for aircraft of each Satellite country, Soviet forces in each
Satellite country, and the USSR, for the years 1950-1955, was
established. Since Soviet aircraft strengths are normally stated as
TO/F strengths, the percentage of TOE for each type regiment, was
used to determine actual aircraft strength. Flying time per aircraft
was based on the estimated pilot time per year for each type regiment,
A factor for the ratio of aircraft to pilots was determined in order to
get actual aircraft times per year. A handling factor loss of 300/+
percent for aviation fuel, and. 3057 percent for aviation lubricating
oil was used. Oil consumption factors used are 1062 percent of fuel
consumed for piston engines, and 1063 percent of fuel consumed for jet
engines,
(b) Aircraft in training establishments -- Aircraft assigned
to the military training establishment and pars-military organizations
were determined for each year. Flying hours per aircraft in these
training schools, as estimated in AIS 2-18, "The Logis.tical System of
Soviet Military Aviation, USSR," were used in determining the
consumption for all training aircraft.
(c) Aircraft in civil aviation -- Civil aircraft include
those assigned Civil Air Fleet, Polar Aviation, the Ministries of
Aviation Industry and Internal Affairs; and. civil training schools.
Monthly flying hours for aircraft in the Civil Air Fleet, as shown
in AIS 2-6, "Soviet Bloc Civil Aviation," were used to determine
consumption.
(d) Aircraft testing -- A time factor for engine run-in
and aviation industry testing, prior to turning aircraft over to the
military, was established. The time factor was based primarily on
US factors, and on limited intelligence of Soviet practices,
(2) Diesel fuel and motor gasoline.
(a) Vehicle equipment assigned to aircraft regiments as
listed in AIS 2-18, was used to determine motor gas and diesel fuel
consumption. Assumptions were based on an estimated number of miles
per day that each. vehicle would travel. An estimate was made for the
petroleum products consumed by the motor vehicles assigned to the
training schools.
T -The estimates of consumption for Air Forces represent the best
available information as of.June 19550
S-E-C-R-E-T
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S-E-C-R-E-T
(3) Kerosene and fuel oil.
(a) The requirements for heating and. lighting are considered
to be insignificant in comparison to other petroleum product requirements.
No estimates have been made for kerosene and fuel oil used for this
purpose.
B. The estimates.
The consumption estimates for Bloc Air Forces including Naval Air
Forces are shown in Tables C-1, C-2, and C-3.
S-E-C-R-E-T
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4-1
0
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