FLOW OF PETROLEUM IN THE SOVIET BLOC EUROPEAN SATELLITES 1952

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00935A000200220001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 2, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 13, 1953
• Content Type: IM

,~. ?-7
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INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM
FLOW OF PETROLEUM IN THE SOVIET BLOC
EUROPEAN SATELLITES
1952
CIA/RR IM-375
13 July 1953
WARNING
THIS MATERIAL CONTAINS INFORMATION A,FFECTIIVG THE
NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE
MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE LAW, TITLE 18, USC, SECS.
793 AND 79~+, THE TRANSMISSION OR REVELATION OF
WHICH IN ANY MANNER~TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
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CONTENTS
Page
Summary and Conclusions
1
1.
Rumania
~+
2.
Soviet Zone of Austria
5
3.
East Germany
5
~+ .
Hungary
7
5.
Albania
8
Appendixes
Appendix A.
Methodology
9
Appendix B.
Gaps in Intelligence
11
Appendix C.
Sources and Evaluation of Sources
13
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CIA/RR IM-375
(ORR Project 25.7.2)
FLOW OF PETROLEUM IN THE SOVIET BLOC
EUROPEAN SATELLITES-
1952
Summary and Conclusions
The European Satellites exported a total of 8,823,000 metric tons
of crude oil-and petroleum products across international boundaries
during 1952. Of this total, 4,868,000 metric tons were shipped. to the
USSR; 2,062,000 metric tons, to the European Satellites; 20,000 metric
tons, to the Asiatic Satellites; and 1,872,000 metric tons, outside
the Soviet Bloc. At the same time, the European Satellites imported
123,000 metric tons of petroleum products from the USSR and 2,062,000
metric tons of crude oil and petroleum products from other countries
in the Soviet Bloc. Imports of petroleum by the European Satellites
-from outside the Soviet Bloc were negligible in 1952. The net trade
balance of the European Satellites with the rest of the world shows
net exports of 4,746,000 metric tons of crude oil and petroleum prod-
ucts to the USSR, net exports to the Asiatic Satellites of 20,000
metric tons. of petroleum products, and net exports outside the Soviet
Bloc of 1,872,000 metric tons of petroleum products. Of the 6,638,000
metric tons of net exports, only 260,000 metric tons were crude oil.
Table lam- summarizes the exports and imports of crude oil and
petroleum products made by each European Satellite and by the European
Satellites as a whole during 1952-.
The net exporting countries among the European Satellites during
1952 were, in order of importance, Rumania, the Soviet Zone of Austria,
Albania, and East Germar~y. Among these, the Soviet Zone of Austria
and Albania were the only exporters of crude oil. All of these coun-
tries were net exporters of petroleum products. Bulgaria, Czechoslo-
vakia, and Poland were net importers of petroleum, whereas Hungary's
imports of crude oil and exports of petroleum products were very
nearly equal.
~ This memorandum contains information available as of 1 March 1953?
~~ Table 1 follows on p. 2.
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1. Rumania.
Rumania is by far the most important source of supply for petro-
leum in the European Satellites.' Of approximately 6 million metric
tons of petroleum products obtained from indigenous crude oil, about
5.1 million metric tons, or almost 85 percent, were exported to
other countries of the Soviet Bloc and to Western Europe. These ex-
ports included 57 percent distillates and ~+3 percent residuals and
included no whole crude oil.
Table 2 shows the shipments out of Rumania in 1952, by country
of destination and by major product groups.
Exports of Petroleum Products from Rumania
1952
Thousand Metric Tons
Distillates
Residuals
Total
Albania ~~
36
~+
40
Bulgaria
200
10
210
Czechoslovakia 3
90
110
200
East Germar~y 4
0
10
10
Hungary 5
5
l0
15
Poland 6
100
20
120
USSR
2,200
1,500
3,700
China
20
0
20
Soviet Far East
20
0
20
Denmark 10
0
20
20
250
150
~+oo
Italy 12
0
100
100
Norway 13
0
10
10
Sweden
0
~+0
40
Switzerland 15
0
200
200
2,921
2,18+
5,105
~ Footnote references in arabic numerals are to sourcea listed in
Appendix C.
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Railroad tank cars and seagoing tankers-were the major means of
carrying these exports to their destinations. Over ~+5 percent of
the total was shipped out by tanker from Constanta and an additional
35 percent was exported by rail. The remainder left the country by
pipeline to the USSR and by river barge on the Danube River.
Imports into Rumania were negligible. Small quantities of high-
octane aviation gasoline, jet fuel, and special lubricants were sup-
plied by the USSR. In addition, some bitumen was imported from
Albania. The total from both countries probably did not amount to
30,000 metric tons in 1952, less than 1 percent of Rumanian exports.
2. Soviet Zone of Austria.
The Soviet Zone of Austria is the second largest exporter of
petroleum among the European Satellites. Only about 10 percent of
the estimated 3.2 million metric tons of crude oil produced in 1952
remained in the Soviet Zone of Austria. Of more than 2.6 million
metric tons moved out, ~+3 percent was in the form of crude oil; 32
percent, distillates; and 25 percent, residuals. It is possible
that as much as three-quarters of these exports left the Vienna
area by way of the Danube River and that the remainder was carried
away by railroad tank cars. By the terms of the occupation agree-
ment, the Russians supply the entire Austrian economy with the nec-
essary petroleum products. The Western Zones of Austria are the
only areas outside the Soviet Bloc that received any of the exports
from the Soviet Zone of Austria in 1952.
Table 3~ shows the amounts and destinations. of crude oil and
petroleum products exported from the Soviet Zone of Austria in
1952.
As far as is known, there were no imports of petroleum products
into the Soviet Zone of Austria, with the possible exception of
small quantities of aviation fuels for the supply of the Soviet air
units in the area.
3? East Germany.
Seventy percent of the nearly ~~+0,000 metric tons of petroleum
products exported from East Germany went to the USSR. Of the total
~ Table 3 follows on p. 6.
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exports, 99 percent was in the form of distillates, with the remain-
ing very small amount in the form of lubricants. Table ~+ shows the
destination of East German exports.
Exports of Petroleum from the Soviet Zone of Austria
1952
Thousand Metric Tons
Destination Crude Oil
Distillates
Residuals
Total
USSR 16 200
200
0
400
Czechoslovakia 17 220
130
45
395
East Germany 18 245
0
0
245
Hungary lg
350
20
15
385
Poland 20
130
40
10
180
Western Zones
Austria ~
of
0
400
600
1,000
1,145
790
670
2,605
Exports of Petroleum Products from East Germany
1952
Destination 22
Distillates
Residuals
Total
USSR
309
1
310
Poland
73
2
75
West Germany
42
0
42
Czechoslovakia
11
0
11
Total
435
3
438
Virtually all these exports left East Germany by rail. There were,
however, occasional shipments by tanker by way of Stettin (Szczecin) in
Poland.
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East Germany imported 2+5,000 tons of crude oil from the Soviet
Zone of Austria in 1952. In addition, approximately 25,000 metric
tons 23 of high-octane gasoline were shipped in from the USSR, to-
gether with about 20,000 metric tons of lubricants from the USSR,
Hungary, and Rumania.
4. Hungary
Hungary's estimated total exports of petroleum in 1952 amounted
to x+00,000 metric tons, with over 85 percent going to the USSR. It
is believed that these shipments were carried about equally by rail
and by river barge on the Danube River. Table 5 shows the destina-
tion of these exports by type and quantities.
Table 5
Exports of Petroleum Products from Hungary
1952
Thousand Metric Tons
Destination
Distillates
Residuals
Total
USSR 2~
285
60
3t~5
Poland 25
50
0
50
East Germany 26
0
5
5
Total 335 65 X00
In 1952, Hungary imported x+00,000 metric tons of petroleum from
the other countries of the Soviet Bloc. Near]tiy 95 percent of these
imports were in the form. of crude oil and residuals for processing
in the Hungarian refineries. As shown in Tables 2 an~.3, Austria
supplied Hungary with 350,000 metric tons of crude oil and 15,000
metric tons of residuals in 1952, and Rumania furnished 10,000
metric tons of residuals. In addition, Hungary received 25,000
metric tons. of distillates from Austria and Rumania and a small
quantity of lubricants from the USSR.
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Almost 60 percent of .Albania's 275,000 metric tons of exports of
petroleum i.n 1952 were in the form of crude oil, with the remainder
in the form of bitumen. All of these exports were handled by tanker
out of the port of Vlone. Table C shows these shipments by destina-
tion and type.
Table 6
Exports of Petroleum from Albania
1952
Thousand Metric Tons
Destination
Crude Oil
Residuals
Total
USSR 2827
950
13
9
l08
Italy 29
60
0
60
Rumania 30
0
8
8
Bulgaria 3,1
0
5
5
155
120
275
In 1952, Al-bania imported about 5,000 metric tons of aviation
gasoline and other special products from the USSR and x+0,000 metric
tons of petroleum products from Rumania.
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APPENDIX B.
GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence information on East Germany, on the Soviet Zone of
Austria, and on the tanker shi~nents out of Coristanta through the
.Bosporus is believed to be good. Information on Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Poland, and Albania is only fair. The most critical gaps
exist in information on Bulgaria and on shipments by rail and pipe-
line from Rumania. Except in the cases of East Germany and the
Soviet Zone of Austria, reliable intelligence on the flow of petro-
leum between the European Satellites and the USSR is almost com-
pletely lacking.
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.APPENDIX C
SOURCES AND EVALUATION OF SOURCES
1. Evaluation of Sources.
Taken individually, most of the sources used in preparing this
memorandum are considered to be at least possibly true (as indicated
below . The over-all consistency of the results obtained by using
these sources in a critical fashion is considered sufficiently good
to justify the conclusion that the resulting estimates are accurate
within a margin of error of plus or minus 10 percent.
2. Sources.
Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
"Eval.," have the following significance:
Source of Information
Information
A - Completely reliable
1 -
Confirmed by other
sources
B - Usually reliable
2 -
Probably true
C - Fairly reliable
3 -
Possibly true
D - Not usually reliable
4 -
Doubtful
E - Not reliable
5 -
Probably false
F - Cannot be judged.
6 -
Cannot be judged
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on the
cited document; those designated "RR" are by the author of this re-
port. No "RR" evaluation is given when the author agrees with the
evaluation of the cited document.
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