CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00975A005700240001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 1, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 23, 1961
• Content Type: REPORT

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23 May 1961
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23 May 1961
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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CONTENTS
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2. South Korea. (Page ii)
3. Burma: Government campaign against an and Karen
separatist movements. (Page iii)
4. Cyprus: Communist influence in organized labor
movement. (Page tit)
5. South Africa: Government taking further security
measures in attem
t to
revent non-white demonstra-
p
p
tions. (Page ii
a
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South Korea: South Korea's revolutionary government is
still consolidating its power and neutralizing elements which
might oppose it. Colonel Kim Chong-pil,who is reported to
be the principal adviser of the coup strongman, Major Gener-
al Pak Chong-hui, told an American official on 22 May that
everyone involved in the new regime has been too busy with
internal affairs to pay much attention to relationships with the
United States. He asserted that the United States should not
be concerned, since the revolutionary leadership was anti-
Communist and pro-US. The officer said that this was true
despite the resentment engendered by statements of American
officials in Seoul on 16 May, which had urged support of the
former Chang Myon government
CThe adviser to Pak admitted that military command prin-
ciples in relation to the UN Command had been violated, but
said that the intent was to make the relationship between South
Korean military forces and the UN Command as close as in
the past. He said the leadership feels that Army Chief of
Staff Lieutenant General Chang To-yong has too many duties
in the present arrangement--he is chairman of the Supreme
Council for National Reconstruction, head of the cabinet, and
minister of defense--and that a new chief of staff should be ap-
pointe
Interservice rivalries and tension between the senior and
the more numerous junior officers of the revolutionary leader-
ship are continuing. The marines and paratroops in Seoul are
reported to have refused on 21 May to obey an order by Chang
To- on t
Backup, age
23 May 61
DAILY BRIEF ii
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Cyprus: Relations between the Greek and Turkish com-
munities remain strained, frith activists on both sides report-
edly seeking arms and preparing for a possible breakdown of
the Cypriot Agreements which established the present govern-
men . These political problems, and chronic economic diffi-
culties facing President Makarios' government, have recently 25X1
been compounded by a deteriorating situation in the organized
labor movement. A Communist was recently chosen as the
workers' representative in the Cypriot delegation to the June
conference of the International Labor Organization. Simulta-
neously, the island's largest labor federation not already dom
nated by the Communists elected as its head an ineffective
personality who appears to be falling under Communist influ- '
ence. (Backup, Page 7)
Burma: Although there has been an over-all decline in
insurgent activity during the past decade, the Shah and Karen
separatist movements in the eastern part of the country have
gained momentum since U Nu resumed the premiership last
year. These movements, which have no strong ties with each
other, are suspected by Rangoon of having obtained arms and
recruits from the evacuating Chinese Nationalist irregulars.
The government reportedly is now planning to expand its cam-
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ai n against them, despite the onset of the rainy season
South Africa: The Verwoerd government has increased its
security precautions as a result of a continuing threat of non-
white strikes and demonstrations. An inter-racial committee
heavily infiltrated by Communists, has called on non-European
workers to stay at home on 29 and 30 May, in protest against
the Union's assumption of republic status on 31 May. The gov- ? K
ernment, which earlier had ordered several non-white and liber-
al European leaders to refrain from attending political gather-
ings, on 19 May imposed a sweeping ban on all meetings until
26 June. Four militia units and a number of Citizen Force
units have been called up, and arrests of Black Africans in the
last few days probably total more than a thousand. Foreign
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23 May 61
DAILY BRIEF iii
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Minister Louw recently told Ambassador Satterthwaite that 25X1
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such as that at Sharpeville last spring,
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South Korea
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Apprehension appears to be growing among civilians who
originally supported the coup or were apathetic to the overthrow
of the Chang Myon government over the adoption of increasingly
repressive tactics by the revolutionary leaders.
to adopt a position of complete endorsement of the new regime
and give a distorted picture of American reaction implying that
Washington supports the revolution.
some 3,000 persons have been arrested,
but it is unclear how many are hoodlums and criminals and how
many are political offenders. Most newspapers have been forced
Meanwhile, new Foreign Minister Kim Hong-il appears
to be attempting to allay American concern regarding the
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revolutionary government. At his first press conference
Kim gave assurances that the new government's foreign policy
will not differ basically from that of the Chang Myon adminis-
tration. He added that negotiations would be continued for the
normalization of South Korean Japanese relations and that the
new regime opposed the "march North" unification policy of
the old Rhee government. Kim is a former South Korean am-
bassador to Nationalist China and a retired lieutenant general.
He is believed to be strongly anti-Communist and to favor an
authoritarian government similar to that of Chiang Kai-shek
on Taiwan.
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Peiping's People's Daily, in an editorial of 21 May, claims
the US "stage-managed the coup" and labels the coup leaders
"fascist." Pyongyang has broadcast reports of atrocities al-
legedly perpetrated by US personnel and has depicted the
coup as a US-sponsored effort to "force more unbearable
calamities on the South Korean eo le."
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Burmese Army to Extend Its Anti-Insurgent Campaign
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Insurgency in Burma stems primarily from the dislike
and distrust of the ethnic minorities in the Burmese highlands
for the Burman-dominated government. These groups joined
the Burmese Union reluctantly when the British granted inde-
pendence in 1948, and the largest minority elements, the
Shans, Karens, Kayahs,and Kachins, insisted on separate
states drawn along ethnic lines as the price of participation.
Since then Rangoon's "Burmanization" policies and the arbi-
trary actions of army personnel in the hill country have built
up the minority peoples' distaste for the Burmans. In addi-
tion to Shan and Karen demands for independence, the non-in-
surgent Chin and Arakanese communities--and even the Mons,
who are almost entirely absorbed into other ethnic groups--
are demanding statehood for themselves, and the combined
minority communities, under the leadership of Burma's for-
mer President Sao Shwe Thaike (a Shan prince), are propos-
ing a looser federal structure for the Union government.
Except among the Shans and Karens, antigovernment mil-
itary action has been largely brought under control. The Com-
munist forces which revolted in 1947 and 1948 have been re-
duced to the status of bandits. The evacuation to Taiwan of
over 4,000 Chinese irregulars in April has left a relatively
small force of about 1,200 in the country along the Burmese-
Thai border. Many of these, although they still reject Bur-
mese authority, appear anxious to merge quietly with the local
populace. owever, as of early April the Burmese Foreign
Office reported that some 500 irregulars had joined the Karen
National Defense Organization, and since that time press re-
ports of army skirmishes have suggested that Chinese irreg-
ulars are collaborating with the insurgents
Following General Ne Win's retirement from the prime
ministership in April 1960, military pressure against the in-
surgents slackened appreciably. Troops were diverted to the
China border area on survey and demarcation missions and,
later, to the joint campaign with the Chinese Communists against
/ the Chinese Nationalist irregulars. any of the army's senior-7
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officers, who had opposed the return of civilian government,
lost their enthusiasm for the struggle against the insurgent
The Shan and Karen insurgents took advantage of this respite
to regroup and have recently launched strong attacks against
overnment-held towns and the Rangoon-Mandalay railway.
[The commitment of six of the army's 13 infantry brigades to
the suppression of these marauding bands underscores the
government's concern with the deterioration of internal secu-
rity. However, unless these units are prepared to operate
through the rainy season as they did during General Ne Win's
administration, the campaign is likel to have little lasting
effect
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Cyprus
The two basic political problems between the Greek and
Turkish communities stem from their leaders' disagreement
on implementation of provisions in the Cyprus constitution
calling for a 7:3 ratio between Greeks and Turks in the civil
service and for separate municipalities for the Turks in the
island's five largest cities. The stalemate has caused a sense
of frustration within the Turkish community which could lead
to more active hostility against the Greek Cypriot majority.
Rumors. that members of both communities are smuggling and
storing arms and that underground organizations are being
formed are causing nervousness.
The murder on 13 May of a British citizen in Kyrenia
and the subsequent arrest of a former leader of the Greek
Cypriot organization EOKA have heightened tension. Both
Makarios and the minister of interior, himself a former
EOKA leader, immediately denounced the murder. The pos-
sibility exists that the act was designed by intransigent former
EOKA elements to embarrass the more moderate government.
Meanwhile, the government is plagued with substantial
unemp oyment and is seeking funds in Britain and the United
States for development programs. According to a Greek Cyp-
riot weekly newspaper, the government may seek a loan from
the USSR if unsuccessful in negotiations with the West
The Communists appear to be on the verge of taking over
the labor movement. The largest federation on the island is
Communist dominated,and it now appears likely that the only
other significant Greek Cypriot federation will fall under Com-
munist domination or will break into small competing factions.
The anti-Communists within the federation and the government
were unable to cooperate in supporting an anti-Communist can-
didate.
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THE PRESIDENT
The Vice President
Executive Offices of the White House
Special Counsel to the President
The Special Assistant for National Security Affairs
The Scientific Adviser to the President
The Director of the Budget
The Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
The Director, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Chairman, Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities
The Department of State
The Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of.State
The Director, International Cooperation Administration
The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Administration
The Counselor and Chairman of the Policy Planning Council
The Director of Intelligence and Research
The Treasury Department
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Department of Defense
The Secretary of Defense
The Deputy Secretary of Defense
The Secretary of the Army
The Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Air Force
The Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs)
The Assistant to Secretary of Defense (Special Operations)
The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff
Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy
Chief of Staff, United States Air Force
Chief of Staff, United States Army
Commandant, United States Marine Corps
U.S. Rep., Military Committee and Standing Group, NATO
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Commander in Chief, Pacific
The Director, The Joint Staff
The Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff
The Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of Army
The Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of Navy
The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force
The Department of Justice
The Attorney General
The Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Director
The Atomic Energy Commission
The Chairman
The National Security Agency
The Director
The United States Information Agency
The Director
The National Indications Center
The Director
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