FIRST STAGE OF CEMA UNIFIED ELECTRIC POWER NETWORK COMPLETED

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01003A001300100001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 24, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 6, 1962
• Content Type: BRIEF

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No. of Pages 5
6 September 1962
CIA /RR CB 62 - 55 Copy No.
Current Support Brief
FIRST'STAGE OF CEMA UNIFIED ELECTRIC
POWER NETWORK COMPLETED
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
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This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the mea[iing of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. ''793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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C-O-N-F -I -D-E-N-T -I -A -L
FIRST STAGE OF CEMA UNIFIED ELECTRIC
POWER NETWORK COMPLETED
In the latter half of July 1962 the Soviet Bloc completed
the first stage in the creation of an East European unified
electric power network by uniting the West Ukrainian power sys-
tem of the USSR with the interconnected power systems of Czecho-
slovakia, East Germany, Hungary, and Poland, which had been
joined in 1960 Concurrently a Central Dispatch Administration
for the unified electric power network was established in Prague.
The power systems of Bulgaria and Rumania are to be connected
to the network by 1964, thereby creating a unified electric
power system for all the European CEMA countries except Albania.
On 16 July 1962 the first electric power was sent over a
new 220-kilovolt (kv) power transmission line from the substa-
tion at Mukachevo in the Western Ukraine to Sajoszoged in Hungary.
This ,line is an extension of a double 220-kv line from the
Dobrotvor Thermal Powerplant in the USSR, At the Hungarian ter-
minal the line connects with existing 220-kv networks that unite
power systems in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and East
Germany. 1/ (See the accompanying map.) The unified network is
to be extended and strengthened in 1963 by the completion of a
400-kv line from the Ludus Thermal Powerplant in Rumania that
will pass through the Mukachevo substation to Lemesany in east-
ern Czechoslovakia. From Lemesany the line will extend through
the length of the country to Vyskov in the west. The network is
planned to be completed in 1964 by the completion of a high-
voltage line from Craiova in Rumania to Boychinovtsi in Bulgaria,
thus linking the Bulgarian power system to the unified system.
Further connections of the USSR to the unified network will be
created in 1963 by a 220-kv line from Bialystok in Poland to the
Ross substation in Belorussia and, at some later date, by another
line from the USSR through Rumania to Bulgaria, 2/
Unification of the national power systems of Eastern Europe
will enable nations with power surpluses to export electricity
to countries with an inadequate supply. Most of the electric
power feeding the international network will come from power-
plants in the USSR and Rumania that will burn natural gas. The
6 September 1962 CIA/RR CB 62-55 Page 1
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power will therefore be less expensive than local generation
based on coal. In 19659 power will be furnished to the net-
work by country as follows 3/:
Amount
Exports
from:
Imports
by:
(Million Kilowatt
Hours)
USSR
Hungary
1,000
USSR
200
Rumania
Czechoslo-
vakia (via
USSR)
1,000 to 2,000
Rumania
Bulgaria
300 to 400
After 1965 the USSR will assume the major role as power sup-
plier. Of the 20 billion kilowatt-hours (kwh) planned to be
exported from the USSR in 1980, 4/ 12 billion kwh are to go to
Hungary to cover 25 percent of the country's total require-
ments for consumption of electric power. Two billion to 3 bil-
lion additional kwh are to go to Bulgaria, and the remainder to
other countries. 5/
The economic benefits of unification accrue principally
to the consuming countries. Soviet planners claim that the
emergency reserve of the unified system in 1965 will be 550 meg-
awatts (mw) less than would have been required in the nonunified
systems. In addition, the integration of the individual power
systems will permit the network to cover the peak loads that
occur at different times, thereby reducing the amount of reserve
capacity which would otherwise have to be available in the separate
power systems. It has been predicted that the integration of the
East European power systems will reduce by 650 mw the amount of
generating capacity needed to cover peak loads in the systems. 6/
The total saving -- from reduction of emergency reserves and
peak loads -- of 1,200 mw in required capacity will amount to
about 8 percent of the capacity to be added in the area of the
unified system by the end of 1965, Another benefit to the uni-
fied system is that larger, more efficient generating units can
be utilized than in the power systems of the individual countries,
thus lowering the cost of generating power.
The members of CEMA at a meeting in Moscow
on
25 July
1962
took another step in the gradual integration of
the
Soviet
Bloc
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countries by agreeing to the establishment in Prague of a
Central Dispatch Administration, 7/ which will take up its
duties on 1 January 1963. 8/ Prague was chosen as the loca-
tion of the dispatcher's office because the centrally lo-
cated 400-kv line through Czechoslovakia will be the central
transmission line of the unified electric power system, having
direct connections with all member countries except Bulgaria.
A central power dispatching system, working through direct
telephone connections as well as through automatic remote
control circuits, determines the amounts of electric power
to be generated by the major powerplants in the system, con-
trols the movements of large amounts of electric power along
transmission lines, and rations electric power among large
consumers when necessary. The central dispatcher of the uni-
fied electric power system thus would have a large degree of
operational control over the power supply to the East European
countries. Physical control over the system, however, can be
maintained by the USSR because the main transmission lines
feeding electric power into the network will originate in or
pass through the USSR.
The director of the Central Dispatch Administration will
be responsible to a council, consisting of representatives
from all the participating countries, which will meet at least
once a year in order to oversee the operations of the Adminis-
tration. 8/ In the future the council also may act as a tech-
nical clearing house and coordinator for the development of
the power systems of the CEMA countries and may carry out some
central planning. 9/
6 September 1962 CIA/RR CB 62-55
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 prv r e - -
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CIA/RR CB 62-55
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