SOVIET FOREIGN TRADE IN MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT IN 1961

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01003A001300160001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 15, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 5, 1962
• Content Type: BRIEF

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Current Support Brief
CIA/RR CB 62-61 No. Pages 5
5 October 1962
Copy No.
SOVIET FOREIGN TRADE IN MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
IN 1961
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
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This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Sees. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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SOVIET FOREIGN TRADE IN MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
IN 1961
Soviet exports of machinery and equipment declined by 15 percent
during 1961, chiefly as the result of a drastic reduction in exports of
machinery to Communist China, according to official data recently made
available in the Soviet foreign trade handbook. l/ Soviet imports of
machinery and equipment rose slightly during 1961, and the net effect
on the total trade in machinery and equipment was a decline of 120 mil-
lion current US dollars from the high of $2. 8 billion reached in 1960.
By exporting only a little less than $1 billion while importing more than
$1. 7 billion, the USSR remained a net importer of machinery and equip-
ment by a considerable margin.
As in previous years, the major share of Soviet exports of machinery
and equipment in 1961 was delivered to countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc.
In 1961, however, the value of Soviet exports of machinery to another
market, the underdeveloped countries of the Free World, was more than
double its value in 1960 and accounted for almost one-third of Soviet ex-
ports of machinery. Soviet exports of machinery and equipment in
1960-61 by market areas were as follows (countries of the Sino-Soviet
Bloc have been divided into two groups -- the less developed countries
are Albania, Bulgaria, Communist China, Mongolia, North Korea,
Rumania, and North Vietnam; the industrialized countries are Czecho-
slovakia, East Germany, Hungary, and Poland):
1960
1961
Bloc countries
979
64+4
Less developed
755
383
Industrialized
2211-
261
Free World countries
162
319
Underdeveloped.
147
301
Industrial West
15
18
Total exports of machinery
1,11
965
5 O''ctcii r . 1,962
CIA/RR GB 62-61
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Soviet imports of machinery and equipment in 1961 were valued at
$1.74 billion, or about 4 percent more than the value of these imports
in 1960 ($1.67 billion). (Soviet data in source 2/ give the value of im-
ports of machinery and equipment in 1961 at $T,739 million, whereas
the country by country listing in the same source records the value of
these Soviet imports as $1, 733 million.) Soviet imports of machinery
and equipment in 1961 came mainly from the industrialized countries
of the Bloc (66 percent) and from the countries of the industrial West
(27 percent). In 1961 the USSR continued its traditional role as a net
importer of machinery and equipment, with the Soviet deficit in a balance
of trade for machinery and equipment in 1961 amounting to almost
$0. 8 billion. Soviet imports of machinery and equipment in 1960-61,
by market -areas ; -sere as follows:
Million US $
1960
1961
Bloc countries
1,210
1,245
Industrialized
1,136
1,146
Less developed
74
99
Free World countries
465
488
Industrial West
457
474
Underdeveloped
8
14
Total imports of machinery
1,675
1,733
During 1960-61 the most significant change in Soviet trade in indi-
vidual categories of machinery and equipment was the sharp drop in
Soviet exports of "equipment and materials for complete enterprises"
(complete plants). The composite trade category "complete plants"
includes a range of machinery and equipment for the construction of
heavy and light industrial plants and departments and other installa-
tions. Soviet exports of complete plants in 1961 were valued at $356
million compared with shipments in 1960 valued at $568 million. Soviet
exports of complete plants to Communist China in 1961 fell to $79 mil-
lion compared with deliveries of $374 million in 1960. By contrast,
the total Soviet exports of complete plants to the other countries of the
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Bloc in 1961 rose to a value of $136 million compared with $126 million
in 1960. Soviet exports of complete plants to the underdeveloped coun-
tries of the Free World in 1961 were valued at $141 million compared
with $69 million in 1960.
Among individual categories of trade, Soviet exports of "the means
of air transport" (civil aircraft and equipment) were valued at $35 mil-
lion in 1961 compared with $4 million in 1960 and went entirely to under-
developed countries. The pattern of Soviet exports and imports of most
other individual categories of machinery and equipment in 1961 was
similar to trade in 1960. Increased Soviet exports of machinery and
equipment included metalworking machinery, mining equipment, equip-
ment for petroleum refineries, winches, woodworking machines, and
spare parts for tractors and motor vehicles. Decreased Soviet exports
included oilfield equipment, agricultural machinery and tractors, and
power and electrical equipment. Increased Soviet imports of machinery
and equipment included oilfield equipment, power and electrical equip-
ment, metallurgical equipment, equipment for light industry and the
food industry, equipment for the pulp and paper industry, instruments,
railroad rolling stock, mowers for agricultural use, and chemical
equipment. Decreased Soviet imports included cranes, equipment for
the cement industry, and ships and marine equipment.
The direction of Soviet foreign trade in machinery and equipment
in 1961 with reference to particular broad markets showed little change
except for trade with Albania, Communist China, and the underdeveloped
countries of the Free World. These exceptions reflect (1) problems in
the Bloc and (2) the extension of Soviet efforts in the underdeveloped
countries. Some noteworthy changes in the direction of Soviet exports
of machinery and equipment in 1961 were as follows:
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Million US
Country
1960
1961
Decreased Soviet exports
Albania
9.1
Communist China
503.9
108.1
Increased Soviet exports
Cuba
6.4
60.9
Ghana
3.8
13.4
Guinea
1.4
22.3
India
25.2
53.9
Indonesia
9.9
21.2
Iraq
12.2
24.6
Mali
0
7.3
United Arab Republic
(Egypt)
23.3
44.0
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Analyst:
Coord:
Sources:
25X1A
1. USSR, Ministry of Foreign Trade. Vneshnyaya torgovlya
Soyuza SSR za 1961 god: statisticheskiy obzor (Foreign
Trade of the USSR in 1961: a Statistical Review), Moscow,
1962. U. Eval. Doc.
2. Ibid.
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