POWERFUL BROADCAST TRANSMITTERS PLANNED IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN A NEW SOURCE OF FRICTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01003A002500120001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 15, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 1, 1966
• Content Type: BRIEF

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Office of Research and Reports
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Copy No. 61
POWERFUL BROA.DCA.ST TRANSMITTERS
PLANNED IN INDIA, AND PAKISTAN:
A
. NEW SOURCE OF, FRICTION
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
GROUPP 1 '-~
Excluded from automatic
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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 Approved For Release 200/O1 .DT:-CII P.& 1O1OD3AGD25A0120001-0
POWERFUL BROADCAST TRANSMITTERS
PLANNED IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN:
A NEW SOURCE OF FRICTION*
Summary
Less than two months after signing the Tashkent agree-
ment, at which they undertook to discourage any propaganda
directed at the other country, India and Pakistan have reaf-
firmed their respective intentions to move ahead with the
installation of powerful 1, 000-kilowatt (kw), medium-wave
radiobroadcasting transmitters. These huge transmitters --
scheduled for installation in Calcutta and Rajkot, India, and
in Dacca and Peshawar, Pakistan (see the map) -- will be
capable of providing wide-ranging radiobroadcasting services
throughout the Asian subcontinent. Their coverage will over-
lap, and this will almost certainly precipitate an intense
rivalry for listening audiences. Under conditions in which
radiobroadcasting is considered an instrument of national
policy, the result could be an added strain on an already taut
relationship.
The estimates and conclusions in this brief represent the
best judgment of this Office as of 25 March 1966.
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1. Background
Since 1960, India and Pakistan have made considerable progress
in expanding their radiobroadcasting capabilities. In both countries
the principal objective has been the buildup of domestic transmitting
facilities to support national economic and political goals. Outwardly,
international radiobroadcasting by each country has remained relatively
stable, with only marginal increases in program hours. This conven-
tional benchmark, however, fails to take account of the growth of
broadcasting in the Indo-Pakistani border areas. Broadcasts in these
areas are nominally included as part of the domestic radio service of
each country, but, in fact, they reach similar ethnic groups living on
both sides of the political boundary. Until the recent Tashkent agree-
ment, this type of quasi-international radiobroadcasting was intensified
by both India and Pakistan and was a source of constant, mutual
irritation.
India's concern over the radio propaganda reaching its population
had deepened as Pakistan's capabilities grew and as Communist China's
radiobroadcasting into the Himalayan border areas gathered momentum.
In 1962 a special committee was established within the Indian Ministry
of Information and Broadcasting to develop means to strengthen India's
position vis-a-vis Pakistan and Communist China in the emerging
propaganda war. In 1963, India began active efforts to procure a
1, 000-kw, medium-wave radiobroadcasting transmitter. Although the
US offered to supply such a transmitter, a stipulation that a portion of
the broadcasting time be allocated to Voice of America (VOA) was un-
acceptable to the Indian authorities.
2. Current Developments
In October 1965 the Indian Government, after lengthy negotiations,
accepted a Soviet offer to build a 1, 000-kw, medium-wave radio-
broadcasting transmitter in Calcutta. Conclusion of this agreement
was quickly followed by an announcement that Yugoslavia would con-
struct a similar transmitter in Bombay -- a location later changed to
Rajkot, near the Rann of Kutch. Both transmitters are intended to
extend the coverage and effectiveness of international radiobroadcasts
throughout South and Southeast Asia. The Soviet transmitter is to be
paid for by India with local currency, but payment arrangements for
the Yugoslav transmitter are not known.
India's decision to install these two leviathan transmitters brought
a swift response from Pakistan. In mid-November the Pakistani
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Minister of Information and Broadcasting announced that Pakistan in-
tended to procure two 1, 000-kw, medium-wave transmitters -- one
each for East and West Pakistan. Negotiations between Pakistan and
the USSR for delivery of these transmitters have apparently begun,
but no details on contractual arrangements are known.
It was recognized by both India and Pakistan at the Tashkent con-
ference that radio propaganda produced discord, and both parties
agreed to "discourage any propaganda directed against the other coun-
try. " A month later, however, plans for the transmitters were again
surfaced by Pakistan's Minister of Information and Broadcasting, who
announced that 1, 000-kw transmitters "are being" installed in Dacca
and Peshawar. This time it was India's turn to follow suit. Two
weeks after the Pakistani announcement, India's Minister of Informa-
tion and Broadcasting disclosed that India would pursue its earlier
plans to install a 1, 000-kw transmitter in Calcutta and another in the
western portion of the country. India expects to have the Calcutta
station in operation by the end of 1967 and the western station at Rajkot
completed by the end of 1968. It is likely that similar completion
schedules apply to the Pakistani transmitters as well.
As shown on the accompanying map, the 1, 000-kw transmitters
planned by India and Pakistan overlap in their coverage of the sub-
continent -- a factor that could be of crucial importance when they
become operational. Both countries have announced plans for the use
of these new radiobroadcasting stations that ostensibly conform with
their Tashkent agreement. Nevertheless, when the stations go on the
air, their overlapping coverage is almost certain to precipitate an
intense rivalry for listening audiences. Both India and Pakistan will
be heavily saturated with each other's radio programs -- a situation
not likely to be well received in countries where radiobroadcasting is
considered to be an instrument of national policy. The almost inevitable
competition for audiences will place an added strain on the historically
taut relationship between the two nations.
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INDIA AND PAKISTAN
Estimated Nighttime Coverage of 1,000 Kilowatt
Medium-Wave Radiobroadcasting Transmitters
D I
B I A ti_
RER6I3LJC
4MANI
NOTE: Actual area of potential coverage is dependent on antenna system used.
sa
75 910
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105
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1.
FBIS. Daily Report (Middle East, Africa, and Western
Europe), 28 Feb 65, p. pl. OFF USE.
2.
Ibid. , 19 Nov 65, p. ol. OFF USE.
3.
FBIS. Station and Program Notes, no 440,
17 Jun 65, p. 7.
OFF USE.
4.
Ibid. , no 473, 15 Feb 66, p. 4. OFF USE.
Analyst:
OCI
ORR
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 Analyst: T/COM
CONTROL RECORD FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION
SERIES NUMBER
CIA/RR GB 66-8
CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT
CONFIDENTIAL
DISTRIBUTION TO RC
50
DATE OF DOCUMENT
March 1966
NUMBER OF COPIES
290
NUMBER IN RC
COPY Y
RECIPIENT
DATE
SENT
RETURNED
1
D/ORR
28 Mar 66
28 Mar 66
2-3
DD/ORR
++
4
EXPS/RR
5
SA/RR for OCI/PRES/CS
X~A
'I
6
Frank Foy, De t. of State
7
Carleton Coon, Jr. , Dept. of State
I+
8 25
9
10- 12
1A
O/DD/ORR - Trudy
See attached memo
29 Mar 66
28 Mar 66
30 Mar 66
13-17
O/DDI
+I
18-20
T/COM
++
21
OCR 25X1A
31 Mar 66
22
, St/P
I'
23
CGS /HR/O s
++
24
D/ORR to review for release to foreign
If
6
1-3
See attached
28 Mar 66
25
1-3
26
27
25X1A
28
29
30-35
36-40
rr
41-45
b
46
25X1C
47
48-50
51
I,
52
53
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54
55
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56-58
.S~ 66
59
60-72
25X1A
Filed in St/P/C
31 Mar 66
~525X1
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FOR
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 iflKS"RIAL
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St/A/DS Distributon of Intelligence Brief No. 66.8
y,,.
,
Iro edca it 3'aratn rrxltt rs Manned In India and lstan A Now Sourc
?f Frf #4
can
c --. Marc 1966 t vUNFLDENT L3
No. of Copies
sic
1 Ch/E
3 D/ONE
6 St/CS
1 St/PR
Recipient
7 D/T (1 each branch)
7 D/R (1 each branch)
1 MRA and St/PS
5 D/P (1 each branch)
6 D/F (1 each branch)
6 D/I (1 each branch)
5 D/A (1 each branch)
1 D/OBI
2 GD/OBI
2 CD/OBI
1 CD/X/OBI
7 RID/SS/DS, Unit 4, Room 1B4004,
1 St/P/A
1 St/FM
1 GR/CR
1 BR/CR
1 FIB/SR/CR, Room 1G27, Hq.
1 Library/CR
1 IPI/CR
1 Archival File - Records Center
1 Chief, OCR/FDD
1 DCS/SD
1 OCI/SA/R, Room 5G19, Hq.
1 DDI/CGS, Room 7G00, Hq.
2 DDI/CGS/HR, Room 7G00, Hq.
1 DDI/RS, Room 4G39, Hq.
3 D/OSI
Hq.
cuPi
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No. of Copies
Recipient
1 DD/S&T/SpINT
2 OTR/IS/IP, Room 532, 1000 Glebe (1 for OTR/SIC)
1 NPIC/CSD/REF, Room 1S518, Bldg. 213
1 CIA Liaison Office, NSA, Room 3W136, Ft. Meade
(via GB 31, Hq. )
10 OCI Internal (via SDS/DD/OCR)
9 NSA C312 (via GB 31, Hq. )
2 National Indications Center, Room 1E821, Pentagon
12 State, INR Communications Center, Room 6527,
State Dept. Bldg.
4 USIA, IRS/A, Room 1002, 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue,
N. W., Attn: Warren Phelps
45 Defense Intelligence Agency, DIAAQ-3, A Building,
Arlington Hall Station
1 Mr. Floyd J. Sweet, Office of Defense Affairs,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Room 62101, Federal Office Building #6,
400 Maryland Avenue, S. W., Washington, D. C.
Attn: Mr. Irwin Halpern, Office of the
Administrator, Room 72041
1 Office of the Secretary of Defense, Correspondence 25X1A
Control Section, Room 3A-948, Pentagon, Attn:
x9sx
63 St/P/C/'RR, Room 4F41, Hq. (held in, SLIP/'C, 31 Mar 66)
50 Records Center
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III
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Dissemination Control Branch, DD/CR
FROM Chief, Publications Staff, ORR
SUBJECT Transmittal of Material
It is requested that the attached copies of CIA./RR CB 6
Braadeast TranE ittere Planned in India and Pakiet rs ; A New Source a
State, INR Communications Center,
Room 6527, State Dept. Bldg.
Suggested distribution for
Embassies in London, Rangoon,
Kabul, Karachi, Nev Delhi
ACTION CTIP
LETED
The dissemina, on revuestad by
this memorandum has been completQd'
Attachments:
Copies 7165 - 69 of CB 66-8
BY:
pate; a
cc CGS f /Ops (with copy o)
i ro CROUP 7
Excluded from autamai'c
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 iAL
PrAppibi i Fgr X2000/04/19: CIA-RDP7l9ZFp13 OO25Q0lgAO!D 14. CB 66-8
Title: Powerful Broadcast Transmitters Planned in India and Pakistan:
A New Source of Friction (Confidential)
Responsible Analyst and Branch
T/COM
RECOMMENDED DISTRIBUTION TO STATE POSTS
Soviet-Bloc
Far East
Berlin, Germany
Katmandu, Nepal
Yaounde,
Cameroun
Bucharest, Romania
Bangkok, Thailand
Leopoldv
ille, Congo
Budapest, Hungary
Moscow, USSR
Djakarta, Indonesia
Hong Kong
Addis Ab
Accra, G
Abidjan,
aba, Ethopia
hana
Ivory Coast
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Rangoon, Burma
Nairobi,
Kenya
Sofia, Bulgaria
Kuala Lumpur, Malaya
.Monrovia
, Liberia
Warsaw, Poland
Saigon, Vietnam
l
K
S
Tripoli,
M
Rabat
Libya
orocco
eou
,
orea
,
Europe
Singapore
Lagos, N
igeria
Taipei, Formosa
Mogadisc
Khartoum
io, Somalia
, Sudan
Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Tokyo, Japan
Tunis, T
unisia
Bern, Switzerland
Vientiane, Laos
Pretoria,
South Africa
Bonn, Germany
Colombo, Ceylon
;Algiers,
Algeria
Brussels, Belgium
Cotonou,
Dahomey
Copenhagen, Denmark
Near East & South Asia
Dakar, S
enegal
Munich, Germany
Bamako,
Dar es S
Mali
alaam, Tanzania
Geneva, Switzerland
Helsinki, Finland
Ankara, Turkey
Athens, Greece
Lusaka,
Zambia
The Hague, Netherlands
Cairo, Egypt
Lisbon, Portugal
Damascus, Syria
'London, England
LACabul, Afghanistan
Buenos A
ires, Argentina
Luxembourg, Luxembourg
varachi, Pakistan
La Paz,
Bolivia
Madrid, Spain
,(.New Delhi, India
Rio de Ja
S
i
neiro, Brazil
Ch
l
Oslo, Norway
Nicosia, Cyprus
ant
ago,
Bogota, C
i
e
olombia
Paris, France
Tehran, Iran
San Jose,
Costa Rica
Rome, Italy
Baghdad, Iraq
Santo Dom
ingo, D. R.
Stockholm, Sweden
Tel Aviv, Israel
Quito, Ec
uador
Vienna, Austria
Beirut, Lebanon
Amman, Jordon
San Salva
Guatemal
dor, Guatemala
a, Guatemala
Jidda, Saudi Arabia
Port au Prince, Haiti
Aden, Aden Protectorate
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Wellington, New Zealand
Kuwait, Kuwait
Kingston, Jamaica
Manila, Philippines
Mexico, Mexico
Canberra, Australia
Managua, Nicaragua
Melbourne, Australia
Panama, Panama
Asuncion, Paraguay
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Lima, Peru
Port of Spain, 'Trinidad
Montevideo, Uruguay
Caracas, Venezuela
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 CONFIDENTIAL
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30 March 1966
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Dissemination Control Branch,
DD/OCR
FROM: Chief, Publications Staff, ORR
SUBJECT: Transmittal of CIA/RR CB 66-8M Powerful
Broadcast Transmitters Planned in India
and Pakistan: A New Source of Friction
(Confidential)
1. It is requested that the attached copies of subject report be
forwarded to the recipients indicated on the attached covering memo-
randa. A list of the addressees is attached for your records.
2. It is further requested that this transmittal be handled as
expeditiously as possible. 25X1A
Attachments:
Copies #10 - #12 of CB 66-8
ii.
'?L E T E
T1
The dissem narlrn r t:yw .s d by
this memorandum has been completely
BY. --t
Date. jo /v. 4
GROUP t
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