MANGANESE IN BRAZIL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 55
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 16, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 1999/09/211 CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
CIA/RR-G-6
Approved For Release 1 99/d91MOWAO-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/221. CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
Page
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.
f~
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. The Importance of Brazilian Manganese. . . . . . . .
B. New Manganese Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
C. Vulnerable Aspects of the Brazilian Manganese
Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Scope of Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U
II. Minas Gerais Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '
III. Bahia Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LL
IV. Morro do Urucum Deposits Near Corumba . . . . . . . . . . 12
A. Geographic Location and Description of the
Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
B. Description of the Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . l!+
C. Transportation and Shipping Facilities . . . . . . . 16
D. Development of the Mines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
E. Labor Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
F. Vulnerability to Sabotage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
V. Serra do Navio Deposits in Amapa'. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A. Geographic Location and Description of the Region. . 25
B. Description of the Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
C. Transportation and Shipping Facilities . . . . . . . 28
D. Development of the Mines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
E., Labor Supply . . . . . . . . . . .
F. Vulnerability to Sabotage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :6
Approved For Release 199910
 V IUhN [ fAL
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 :_C ,RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
omlT
Appendixes
Page
Appendix A.
Gaps in Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
313
Appendix B.
Sources and Evaluation of Sources . . . . . . .
39
Figure 1. Morro da Mina Mine, near Lafaiete, Minas
Gerais, Brazil. 1945. . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
Figure 2. Loading manganese ore preparatory to ship-
ment by rail, Morro da Mina Mine, Lafaiete. . .
43
Figure 3. Loading manganese ore, port at Rio de
Janeiro. 1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
Figure 4. Paraguay River near Corumba, Mato Grosso,
Brazil; cases of mining equipment and
ail drums in foreground. . . . . . . . . . . .
45
Figure 5. Morro do Urucum, near Coxumba, Mato
Grosso, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
Figure 6. Outcropping of manganese ore, Morro do Urucum,
Mato Grosso, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
Figure 7. Chumbo Outcrop of manganese ore on the Amapar(
River, Amapa Territory, Brazil. . . . . . . . .
49
Figure 8. Typical flat country between new port of Santana
and the Araguari River, Amapa Territory, Brazil.
Road is now considerably improved. . . . . . .
149
Brazil Manganese Deposits (CIA 11666).
Brazil Manganese Mining and Related Transportation, Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais, and Bahia (CIA 12627).
Brazil: Amapa Territory. Manganese Mining and Related Transportation;
Serra do Navio (CIA 12515).
Approved For Release 1999/09/21W4W ffM@M 100060001-4
 ONFIDENTIA1
Approved For Release 199909/2 ? C -RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
MANGANESE IN BRAZIL
Manganese available for export is currently found in three major
areas of Brazil. (1) The Amapa Territory north of the Amazon River
has deposits that are being actively developed by the Bethlehem
Steel Corporation; (2) the Morro do Urucum deposits near the
Bolivian border will be developed by the United States Steel Corpora-
tion as soon as negotiations are settled with the Brazilian Govern-
ment; and (3) the Minas Gerais complex of manganese mines includes the
dwindling deposits of Morro da Mina, mined by U.S. Steel for over
30 years. Since these manganese sources are of critical importance
to United States stockpiling of strategic materials, the problems
connected with their development are significant.
The lack of adequate transportation facilities in Brazil haE
retarded exploitation of natural resources throughout the country
and is a dominant factor in the processing of manganese ore in every
location. From Urucum, transportation is possible by either river
or rail, but there are several obstacles to overcome. A new rail-
road is under construction for transportation of the Amapa ore to
the new port of Santana on the Amazon, where connections will be made
with ocean-going cargo boats. Rail transportation facilities from
the manganese mines in Minas Gerais have been inadequate and unde-
pendable to such an extent that trucks are now being used to transport
CONFIUENTIAI-
Approved For Release 1999/09/2-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
ore to Rio de Janeiro for shipment, even though the roads are in
many ways unsatisfactory.
The possibilities of sabotage to the manganese mining industry
in Brazil are reduced by the utilization of open-pit methods at most
mines; underground mining at Morro do Urucum presents greater hazards.
All transportation facilities could be rendered inoperable for short
periods. Evidence from past situations indicates that most serious
threats of sabotage would to immediately investigated by the Brazilian
Government.
I. Introduction
A. The Importance of Brazilian Manganese
The manganese deposits of Brazil rank high among the re-
sources that give that country a significant position both in the
Western Hemisphere and in the world. The importance of these re-
sources to the steel industry of the United States, for both domestic
and defense needs, has in recent years become particularly outstanding.
Since each ton of ingot steel contains about 13 pounds of ferro-
manganese, which is refined from as much as 40 pounds or manganese
ore, millions of tons of ore are required in U.S. steel production.
Brazil's enormous manganese deposits can provide much of this ore.
Brazil is one of the world's five leading manganese-producing
countries, the others being the USSR, the Gold Coast, the Union of
South Africa, and India. With by far the largest reserves in the
Approved For Release 199?' ?"34 = tiA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 : CI _-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECFM
Western Hemisphere, Brazil proved during World War II to be an im-
portant source of supply when other channels were cut off. The
development of a large continuing market for Brazilian manganese has
been hampered only by poor internal transportation facilities and a
lack of technical knowledge. As the USSR withdraws as a source of
manganese ore, however, Brazil's supply again assumes increasing
importance. Explorations and investigations since 1945 have opened
up new opportunities for exploitation, making reserves readily avail-
able which are comparable to any elsewhere in the world. Their
proximity to the United States brings them Into focus as a logical
source for the stockpiling requirements of materials strategic to
our security.
Between 1901 and 1949, Brazil exported 10,522,034 metric tons
of manganese ore, of which 8,121,198 tons came to the United States.
The bulk of this ore was from the state of Minas Gerais, with only a
small amount coming from other states, principally Bahia and Mato
Grosso. Innumerable manganese mines, large and small, have been
developed in south-central Minas Gerais during the last 50 years.
A few of these are still producing high-grade ore, but many have been
exhausted, depleting the reserves most accessible to the industrial
centers in the southeastern part of the country.
A question has arisen regarding the wisdom of exporting ore that
may be needed for domestic purposes. Although limited deposits
exist in the state of Bahia and other scattered localities, none are
3-
Approved For Release 1999/09/2c'-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
so advantageously located for Brazilian use as those in Minas Gerais,
and a sentiment against the export of these reserves is developing
in Brazil.
B. New Manganese Deposits
Fortunately for both Brazil and the United States, new
reserves have been discovered, or rediscovered, in two widely separated
sections of Brazil, neither of which is well situated to supply the
Brazilian market. In 1946, new deposits giving promise of over
1.0,000,000 tons of ore were found in the tropical rain forests of
Amapa, north of the Amazon. Located 3,200 miles from Baltimore, this
area is the most easily accessible to the United State.- and least so
to the Brazilian steel center at Volta Redonda. The Bethlehem Steel
Corporation is operating these deposits as a 49-percent participant
with the Brazilian :firm that first initiated development, the Cia.
Industria Come'rcio e Minerios, Ltda. (ICOMI).
In another remote section of Brazil, in the southwestern part
of the State of Mato Grosso about 20 miles from the Bolivian border,
are the extensive manganese reserves of Morro do Urucum, believed by
some to be the largest single deposit of high-grade manganese ore
in the world. At least 27,000,000 tons are estimated to be available
there, with the possibility of additional workable deposits in ad,ja.-
cent mountains. These deposits, though known for many years, have
been productive only since they were taken over by the ociedade
Brasileira da Minerac,o, Ltda. (SOBRAMIL), in 1941. Since 1948, the
Approved For Release 1999/OW2T: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
United States Steel Corporation has been negotiating with the
Brazilian Government for rights to develop the mines with SOBRAMIL,
but to date no agreement has been reached. Because the area lie?
within the restricted 150-kilometer (90-mile) zone around Brazil,
which is legally prohibited to foreign investors, there are difficult
legal and political problems.
This area, while far distant from the United States, is more
than 1,000 miles farther from Brazil's steel industries than are the
Minas Gerais mines, and the Morro do Urucum ore is therefore more
suitable for export purposes. The deposits are approximately l,`1i0
miles from Volta Redonda by rail. For a picture of the relative
distances between the deposits and possible destinations of the ore,
see Map No. 11666.
C. Vulnerable Aspects of the Brazilian Manganese Industry
Brazilian manganese mining is not acutely susceptible to
damage from sabotage, but production could be interrupted to a con-
siderable extent. Open-pit methods at most of the mines in Minaf
Gerais, as well as at the Amapa deposits, reduce the opportunities
for destruction of equipment. The underground mining operations at
Urucum could be more easily .isrupted.
Transportation facilities in Brazil are vulnerable in many
respects. It has been reported that there are no trained guards to
protect the rights-of-way of either Federal or State railroads.
Signaling and dispatching are done manually on all lines, and could
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 s C RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
easily be tampered with. In the mountainous areas between the coast
and the interior plateau in southeastern Brazil, there are large
numbers of bridges, tunnels, and narrow cuts on both railroads and
roads. Damage to them could easily disrupt traffic seriously for
extended periods. In the vast stretches between Corumba and the
more populated parts of the State of Sao Paulo, many grades and cuts
along the Noroeste line could be rendered inoperable, al-Ad the complex
system of bridges and culverts near the Paraguay River offers
several opportunities for sabotage.
Port facilities are more carefully controlled in R.o de Janeiro
and Santos. At Ladario, on the Paraguay River, a unit of the Brazilian
Navy provides protection. Company precautions both at Urucurrc and
Amapa can be initiated at the outset of large-scale operation.s.
From information available, it is probable that army and. navy
units could control most threats of sabotage. Strong government
action, judging from incidents in the past, could handles any Communist
inspired strikes in Brazil. Such a development, however, at an
Argentine port through which ore might be shipped could delay movement
of ore for extended periods, if no alternative shipping :means were
planned.
D. Scope of Report
This report discusses in detail the physical situation and
problems at the Amapa, and Urucum deposits, which are the potential
large-scale producing areas of Brazilian manganese for export.
-6-
Approved For Release 1999S?
, : CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
~
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
The situation as described at each conforms with the plans proposed
for the development of these areas; actual construction and minim;
operations may, of course, vary in some details. The Minas Gerais;
and Bahia areas are considered only briefly, in order to complete the
picture of Brazilian manganese, since exports from these mines arcs
rapidly dwindling.
II. Minas Gerais Deposits
The oldest known deposits of manganese in Brazil are in a
section of the State of Minas Gerais abounding not only in manganese
but also in iron, gold, silver, quartz crystals, bauxite, and a
variety of other important minerals. Manganese deposits were first
discovered in this area in 1888, during construction of the Central
do Brasil railroad, but actual shipments were not made until 1894,
from the Usina Wigg development. The most notable mine of all,
Morro da Mina, was opened in 1904 near the town of Queluz (now called
Conselheiro Lafaiete) and has been producing on a large scale ever
since. Dozens of other properties have been developed over the past
5 decades. Many of these have been exhausted and abandoned, but some
have continued to produce or are capable of further development.
Few mines, however, have large reserves of high-grade ore left.
Selective mining for manganese ore of exportable grade (46 to 48 per-
cent Mn) has removed a large proportion of the best ore, and that re-
maining in many places will require treatment to put it on the com-
petitive market. Estimated total reserves of only 1 million tons
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 ~E RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
remain in the 13 properties owned by the Cia. Sidurgic:a National,
which owns and operates the Volta Redonda steel mill. Of these, only
the Agua Preta and Cocuruto mines, with a capacity of '70,000 to 75,000
tons per year, were operating in 1950 (see Map No. 12E27).
Low-grade ore occurs in the S lo Joao del Rei district, at the
Nazarg, Cachoeira, and Penedo mines among others. Other mines
credited with production in recent years include the Jurema, Engenha,
Slo Gonealo, and Saude. Plans for development of new deposits are
frequently reported to the American Embassy in Rio de Janeiro, but
owing to inadequate transportation facilities and services, there is
difficulty in establishing profitable operations at most of these
mines. Until the railroad systems of Brazil are considerably im-
proved, development: of many of the country's natural resources will
be restricted.
The Saude deposits, located about 5 miles southeast of Dom
Silverio, which is on the meter-gauge Leopoldina Railroad, were said
in 1948 to be potentially as significant as Morro da M:Lna. Subsequent
developments, however, have proved disappointing, the :;-eserves being
estimated now to be about :I million tons. A high iron;, silicate, and
alumina content makes it necessary to concentrate the ore before it
can be exported. The Mineras',o Geral do Brasil f Ltda. , owned by the
Jafet Brothers, has been operating the mine and shipping ore for
treatment to their blast furnaces at Mogi das Cruzes in S',o Paulo
over both narrow- and broad-gauge lines of the Central do Brasil
-8-
Approved For Release 1999/0/h,IA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/Zi~c g, A-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
Railroad. Alternate routes require a combination of roads with rail-
roads. Transportation facilities accessible to the mine area at
present are not the most advantageous, and economical development is
severely handicapped.
The outstandingly successful Morro da Mina mines were taken aver
in 1920 by the Cia. Meridional de Minerag.o, Ltda. (a Brazilian sub-
sidiary of U.S. Steel), which has operated the mine continuously giver
since. During that time over 4,500,000 tons have been exported, and
in 1943 an equivalent amount was estimated as still in reserve. More
recent estimates place total reserves at about 1 million tons.
The mine is located in mountainous terrain at an elevation
3,650 feet. The region has a subtropical climate, with a short
rainy season between November and March. Temperatures are never
extreme, and living conditions are pleasant. Labor is readily avail-
able.
The ore bodies occurred originally at the top and along the
sides of a hill, in somewhat overlapping lenses which have been
mined by open cuts after the overburden was removed. Much of the
original mountain has been cut away (Figure 1). All work was dome
by hand until mechanized equipment was adopted within recent year3
(Figure 2). Decauville cars move the ore within the mine area anti
dump it directly into chutes that load rail cars on a spur that
runs 4 miles to the main line of the Central do Brasil Railroad. The
spur and the main line are both broad gauge (1.6-meter). Until 1952,
Approved For Release 1999/09/219 fA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
ore was taken straight through on the Central lines -t;o stockpiles or
dock-loading facilities in Rio de Janeiro (Figure
Rail transportation over this line has deteriorated so rapidly
in recent years, however, that shipments of manganese ore were
virtually at a standstill in 1951. Because of limited rolling stock,
the Central do Brasil claimed its cars were needed to serve domestic
industrial needs. Whatever the real reason, repeated. efforts on the
part of U.S. Steel representatives had little effect, and 50,000
fewer tons of manganese ore were shipped from the mine in 1951 than
in 1950. The problem was solved by shipping ore from the mine to
Rio in a fleet of 50 company-.owned trucks, which carry 10,000 tons a
month a distance of 275 miles, much of it over hazardous mountain
roads.
Since most mining in the Minas Gerais region is of the openTpit
type and much of the work is done by hand, damage to equipment from
sabotage would be at a minimum. Mechanized facilities could be
rendered inoperable, however, which would cause delays of several
days. Sabotage along the railroad lines and roads, where tunnels,
steep grades, narrow cuts, and bridges might require extensive re-
pairs, could cause longer delays.
Although dock facilities in Rio de Janeiro could. be seriously
damaged, they are more easily guarded and could be more rapidly re-
built than facilities in less populated areas.
Approved For Release I 999/09/2 9 TA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
III. Bahia Deposits
Manganese is being produced today in two areas in Bahia.
Although the deposits in that state are far smaller than those in
Minas Gerais, they have provided a limited source of exportable men-
ganese and can continue to supply domestic needs to some extent.
(See Map No. 12627.)
The deposits that have been worked the longest are those near
the village of Santo Antonio de Jesus, about 16 miles west of the
town of Nazare on the Jaguaripa River. The Sape, Onha, and Pedra;;
Petras mines there have been operated intermittently for 50 years and
are gradually being depleted. Under the operation of the Cia. Minas
da Bahia, production was at a standstill in 1950 because of financial
difficulties. Ore from the mines is transported by branch lines
to the meter-gauge Nazare Railroad, which carries it to stockpiler.
on the dock at S1,o Roque, where it is loaded on boats.
The second active manganese district in Bahia is- in the Jacobina
area on the Viag ,o Ferree Federal Leste Brasileiro, northwest of
Salvador. The Sociedade Importadora Exportadora, Ltd. (SIMEL) is
actively operating there and small amounts of ore are being produced.
In 1951, 4,674 tons of ore were shipped to the United States from
S '6o Roque and 7,580 tons from Salvador.
Since production is small, the probabilities of sabotage are
slight.
Approved For Release 1999/09/2f~Qd-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
IV. Morro do Urucum Deposits Near Corumba
The Morro do Urucum area in the State of Mato Grosso is reputed
to contain the largest single manganese deposit in the world. Although
they are farthest from the United States of all the Brazilian de-
posits, the Morro do Urucum mines are of sufficient mar.,;nitude to
warrant development as a future source of manganese. (See Map No.
11666.) Known for more than 5C) years as a rich reserve, this area
has been in active product=ion for scarcely more than 1U years.
U.S. Steel is currently negotiating with the Brazilian Government for
permission to participate in development operations with the
Sociedade Brasileira da Mineraglo, Ltda.
Underground mining methods will be used, and the ore will be
shipped either by rail through Brazil to the port of SE.ntos or by
boat down the Paraguay River to a transshipment point, probably in
Uruguay. Several problems arise in connection with each of these
routes.
Pending settlement of an agreement between U.S. Steel and the
Government of Brazil, the Export-Import Bank of Washing-ton is con-
sidering a loan of $30,000,000 for the development of the Morro do
Urucum mines.
A. Geographic Location and Description of the ReEicn
Located close to the geographic center of the South American
continent, the Morro do Urucum manganese deposits are at approximately
19?20'S, 57?1+0'W, in western Brazil about 15 miles south cf the town
Approved For Release 1999/0912 CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/2 ,&1A-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
of Corumba, State of Mato Grosso. Twenty miles to the west of thzo
Morro do Urucum is the Bolivian border, and 15 to 25 miles to the
north, east, and southeast, the Paraguay River swings in a wide
curve as it flows southward toward Paraguay (Figure 4+). The town of
Corumba, with a population of about 20,000, is the commercial center
for a large area of southern Mato Grosso. Located on the west b auk
of the Paraguay, it is a scheduled stop for river traffic moving from
farther north to the Rio de la Plata, 1,700 miles to the south. (See
Map No. 12627.)
The region is divided into three distinct physiographic area3:
(1) the river, with its broad flood plain known as the Pantanal;
(2) a plateau, which extends westward into Bolivia for many miles;
and (3) a cluster of mountainous masses, the remnants of an ancient
and elsewhere eroded upland. The Morro do Urucum (Urucum Hill) is
one of these, rising about 2,600 feet above the adjacent river flood
plain, or up to 3,000 feet above sea level. On its slopes are ex-
posed strata of high-grade manganese ore.
The hydrography of the region differs markedly from section o
section. Many streams and lakes occur in the Pantanal in conjunction
with the complex Paraguay River, creating a dense drainage pattern
which inhibits the easy development of transportation routes. At the
end of the rainy season, which lasts from December through Februa:Y-,y,
the river itself in places is tens of miles wide, although in the
dry season its width is only 1,000 feet at Corumba. On the plateau,
Approved For Release 1999/09/2f"-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
SECRET
streams are much less numerous, flowing from a few springs on the
mountain slopes.
The climate is generally pleasant and healthful. Annual rain-
fall is 49 inches (based on an 11-year record), with decided seasonal
variations. The winter months -- June, July, and August -- are tine
driest. The rainy season lasts through the summer months (December,
January, and February), and temperatures and relative humidity are
at times very high. Periods of extreme heat do not last long, how-
ever, especially at the elevation of the mine site. In the winter,
cold south winds are frequent, frost occasionally occurs, and in the
mountains ice sometimes forms over shallow water.
Dense hardwoods that grow on the hillsides wherever water is
available provide sufficient timber for structures at the mines and
for charcoal where: it is needed for fuel. Reforestation with
eucalyptus can provide timber of adequate size within 6 years, and
such a program will become essential if large quantities of timber
are needed on a continuing basis. On the plateau, vex;etatton is
restricted to thorny trees and cacti typical of semiarid tropical
country. During the dry season, when the river and s-:,reams are low,
the Pantanal supports a stand of good pasture grass.
B. Description of the Deposits
Two economically significant beds of manganese have been
found in the Morro do Urucum. A third, which lies between these two,
is not sufficiently thick to be of economic value. The same
Approved For Release 1999/091IA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/2SlC4-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
manganiferous strata occur in the Serra da Santa Cruz to the sout!i-
east, but upon investigation they appear to be so located and so
thin that their exploitation is not feasible at present. Their
existence, however, gives evidence that other nearby mountains of
the same geological series may be potential sources of manganese.
Morro do Urucum is a long mesa with a higher, rounded northern
end, roughly 2 miles long and 1-1/2 miles wide; the elevation of
its highest ridges is between 2,800 and 3,000 feet (Figure 5). The
ore bodies are estimated to contain over 27,000,000 metric tons of
46-percent manganese ore, with some estimates running as high as
40,000,000 tons. Two parallel seams of manganese occur at varying
elevations between 2,000 and 2,600 feet (Figure 6). The lower seam,
called Bed No. 1, averages about 7 feet in thickness, with 16-1/2
feet the maximum reported. Bed No. 2, about 120 feet above No. 1,
averages 4 feet in thickness. Both beds dip 5' to 12? into the
mountain, the formation being an irregular syncline. However, no
mining difficulties are expected to develop from so slight a dip, and
it has been speculated that the beds may flatten almost horizontally
within the mountain. Between 500 and 900 feet of overburden covers
the beds in most cases, necessitating underground mining methods
instead of open-pit operation.
A detailed geological interpretation of the deposits with an
analysis of various samplings tested is given in U.S. Geological
Survey Bulletin No. 946-A, Manganese and Iron Deposits of Morro do
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 -RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
'Urucum, Mato Grosso, Brazil, by John Van N. Dorr II, 191+5. Although
not up to date in many respects, this report gives a technical pre-
sentation of the ore bodies and contains a wealth of valuable back-
ground information.
C. Transportation andShipp4 Facilities
Corumb is accessible at present by boat, air, and rail.
No all-weather roads connect the area with major centers of activity
in Brazil or surrounding countries. There is regular north--south
boat traffic on the Paraguay River, and scheduled flights include
Corumba on transcontinental routes as well as connecting with Cuiaba,
capital of the State of Mato Grosso, and Asuncion, capital of Paraguay.
On 31 January 1952 the last segment of the Noroeste Railroad. was com-
pleted between Corumbf and Bauru, where connections are made en route
to the port of Santos. Until that date the 70-kilometer (1+3.5-mile)
stretch between Porto Esperanga and Corumba was still under construction,
necessitating river or road connections for that part of the trip.
The completion of the railroad makes possible altern=ate routes
for the transportation of Urucum ore. Up to the present, all ore
has been towed on barges down the Paraguay for transshipment at an
Argentine port, usually Rosario. This method of shipment, however,
has its disadvantages. The mines are located approximately 1,700
miles upstream from an ocean :port, whereas the distance by rail to
the port at Santos is only 1,135 miles. Furthermore, if a port on
the Rfo de la Plata estuary is used, another 1,000 miles of ocean
Approved For Release 1999M6 1 : CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/ 1jk-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
transport is required in addition to the distance between Santos and
the United States. Additional inconvenience is occasioned by the
dominant influence of Argentine shipping companies over the lower
Parana, which amounts to a near monopoly of river traffic. High
dock fees and unnecessary redtape make Argentine ports increasinga_y
undesirable, and a more satisfactory transshipment point in Uruguay
is probably the best solution. The construction of a proposed steel
mill in Argentina, at San Nicolas on the Parana, will further com-
plicate the problems of river traffic, since iron ore for the milt
will be obtained in the Corumba area also and will have to be trans-
ported over the same route.
Navigation on the Paraguay and Parana Rivers presents few
complications. Travel is restricted to daylight, because channel
have never been adequately marked, but rock shoals and sand bars
are the only hazards and these are well known to river pilots. A
small dredging operation is considered adequate to keep a 7- to 10-
foot channel open for most of the year. Reports on present conditions
vary, but shipping by heavy barges is known to be possible at lea:3t
250 days a year. Freight rates via the river are estimated to run
about $6 per ton to Montevideo, assuming a return cargo of supplies
to Corumba and the mining area.
Rail shipment from the mine to the port of Santos would be by
the Noroeste Railroad as far as Bauru and the Sorocabana Railroad
for the remaining distance. Both are meter-gauge lines. An alte?nate
Approved For Release 1999/09/21h~-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
route through Campinas and S lo Paulo would necessitate transshipment
to Cia. Paulista and E.F. Santos a Jundiai lines, both of which are
_.6-meter gauge.
Although the distance from. the mines to the port: is some 50C)
miles less by rail than by river and could be covered -; to 1+ times
as fast, rail transportation of the ore has serious drawbacks. The
Noroeste Railroad, for the western two-thirds of its length, has
:Lightweight rails and a poor roadbed and is inadequately maintained.
Existing facilities are scarcely adequate for even small shipments
of ore, and would be completely inadequate under full.-:.tale production.
The increased traffic resulting from the movement of quantities
of manganese ore would necessitate reconstruction of much of the
roadbed and replacement of many miles of track. In adc.ition, new
rolling stock would have to be added to that already available. The
expense, equipment, and time involved in providing adecuate service
:or the continuous movement of the ore by rail are discouraging from
the investor's point of view. Freight rates would probably run as
high as $12 a ton. Although this route is favored by the Brazilian
Government because of the additional revenue that the country would
acquire, it is doubtful that it would prove to be a workable plan
from all points of view.
Whether the ore is shipped to an ocean port by rail or by river,
it must be transported from the mines to a loading platform or dock.
Previous operations have used trucks on a steep roadway from the level
Approved For Release 1999/0'CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
of Bed No. 1 down to the plateau and north to barge-loading docks
near Ladario on the Paraguay Rive'. Plans for the proposed operations,
however, specify an aerial tramway from the mines to a railroad
siding at the base of the mountain. This form of is
estimated to be the most economical, since it would cost less to
build and maintain than either a new, graded roadbed or an inclined
railway over the rough terrain. As planned, the 2.4-mile tramway
will start at the loading bins near the mine portal where ore is
received from the mine cars. Conveyor bins will travel down the
tramway and unload at the other end into a bin over ore cars on the
rail siding, which will be connected with the main line of the
Noroeste by a half-mile spur line.
If transportation to the port is to be over the Noroeste and
Sorocabana Railroads to Santos, the ore cars will be loaded at the
tramway terminal. If transport is to be by river barge, bottom-dump
ore cars with diesel locomotives will take the ore to stockpiles at
the dock area near Ladario, where the ore will be dumped from a
trestle onto stockpiles having a potential capacity of 70,000 tons.
Hoppers, loaded from belt conveyors, will then move the ore to a
cross belt, which will load it onto barges waiting at the immediately
adjacent dock.
D. Development of the Mines
Morro do Urucum was known as a source of manganese and
iron ore as early-as 1870, but the first active development was initiated
in 1906 by the Compagnie de l`Urucum, which represented Belgian
- 19 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/21sP-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
steel interests. This group drove several adits into the main bed
on the north and west slopes of the mountain, constructed an in-
clined runway for getting ore to a stockpile at the base of the
mountain, built a railroad from there to Corumba, and opened several
miles of road. Close to 7,000 tons of ore were mined and stacked
before the market collapsed after World War I. It. is believed that
no ore was shipped.
No further action took place at Urucum until 1940, when the
Sociedade Brasileira da Mineraglo, Ltda. (SOBRAMIL) obtained a con-
cession from the State of Mato Grosso, which possesses title to the
site. Since that date roads have been rebuilt, loading facilities
have been constructed, and mining has been resumed. in the lower bed.
Twelve tunnels have been opened and extended 20 to 40 feet into the
mountain. Shipment of ore was begun in 1941, starting with the
stockpiles left by the Belgian company over 20 years before. The
ore averages 47 to 48 percent manganese. Shipments amounted to
10,000 tons in 1941, 25,000 tons in 1942, and 8,000 tons in 1943.
Since that date production has slackened, but it can be expected to
resume as soon as negotiations regarding operations are concluded.
Beginning in 1948, the U.S. Steel Corporation became interested
in the Corumba deposits as a potential replacement for their diminishing
reserves in Minas Gerais. Transactions were begun with the State of
Mato Grosso and the Chamma Brothers, who owned and operated SOBRAMIL.,
In 1950, after the U.S. Government became interested in :stockpiling
Approved For Release 1999/Q9 Mr CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/2 c9,f -RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
manganese from Brazilian deposits, further negotiations were
initiated regarding a loan through the Export-Import Bank of Wash.rig-
ton to get the mines operating on a large scale. Since that time,
complications in the dealings with the Brazilian Government, the
Mato Grosso Government, and the Chamma Brothers have delayed a con-
clusion. It is anticipated that a decision will be reached soon where-
by U.S. Steel, controlling 49 percent of the company, will operate
the mine and supply the U.S. Government with 3,000,000 tons of man-
ganese over a 12-year period.
Pending settlement of the negotiations, the Oliver Iron Mining
Co. in 1948 contracted to survey the area and submit plans for large-
scale operation of the Urucum deposits. (These plans were supplemented
in 1950.) If these proposals are followed, a series of mines will
be developed which, with adaptations, will conform to the longwall_
retreating system used in coal mining. A typical operation is de:3cribed
below.
Beginning operations 120 feet below present Tunnel 4 (in the
lower outcropping of ore), a haulage adit penetrating eastward 60)
feet into the mountain would reach Bed No. 1. At this intersection with
the ore, a raise would be run back to the surface along the dip of the
ore bed and directly above the adit and would reach the surface at or
near the entrance of Tunnel 4. At right angles to this raise, levels
would. be run about 150 feet apart. In this particular section of the
mountain, levels running to the north as far as 1,500 feet would come
Approved For Release 1999/09/21sERDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
out in the face of a cliff; those driven south could be stopped at
any desired point and the ends connected by a raise that would then
be carried out to the surface. The good ventilation thus provided
throughout the mine would. permit the use of diesel engines instead
of electricity for which. generators would have to be provided.
Vertical raises would also be put up from the haulage adit to each
level above, making it pcssible to drop the mined. ore from each
level to ore cars in the adit below.
With this arrangement of raises and levels, all ore can be
handled downhill and any water encountered. will flow out of the mine
by gravity. Stoping would start at both ends of each level, retreat-
ing toward the raises, through which ore would be moved out of the
mine.
Upper Bed No. 2 could be mined at the same time '.)y running a
vertical raise up to it from the original haulage adit'. Raises and
levels would. then be run in the same way as those in ::3ed No. 1. The
upper bed should be mined a little in advance of the "Lower one, to
prevent settling of the lower bed and possible resultant shifting
higher up.
The operation, described will produce at least 1 million tons of
ore. Since the ore body extends over an area of more than 2 square
miles, several mines of this type will be developed.
By terracing an adjacent ledge on the northwest side of the
mountain, an extensive camp capable of accommodating several hundred
Approved For Release 1999/09/24C.MA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
employees can easily be developed. Water available in springs nearby
can be pumped into a storage reservoir higher on the mountain.
E. Labor Supply
Local labor is available for the development of the Urucum
mines. Corumba, a town of about 20,000, with Ladario and other r_sear-
by villages, is a good source of unskilled labor. Skilled labor will
be much more difficult to obtain, and any special training will have
to be done on the job. The modern mining methods to be utilized
will create conditions more desirable than those to be found in many
other Brazilian mines, however, and the work should appear attractive.
F. Vulnerability to Sabotage
Considerable damage could be inflicted on the mine wor}pings
at Urucum by sabotage. Mine shafts, in particular, and the aeria.l
tramway could be sufficiently damaged to cause extensive delays in
operations.
In the event that river transport is used, transportation
facilities from the base of the tramway to the dock area could be
interrupted for short intervals, as could service at the dock itself.
Considerable inconvenience could also be caused by damage to the
fleet of boats carrying the ore. The possibility of subversive ::n-
fluences stemming from the Rlo de la Plata area is fairly high, and
the free movement of persons from Argentina, Paraguay, and Boliv_a
along the river makes surveillance difficult.
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 ~F& DP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
SECRET
If rail transport is used, precautions along the entire length
of the Noroeste line will be essential. Numerous bric.ges and culverts
in the Rfo Paraguay region present an abundance of vulnerable points,
as do many areas along the route farther east. Protection of the
railroad in sparsely populated areas would be difficult. The Soroca-
bana line from Bauru to Santos enters the coastal mountain area, and
the steep grades, bridges; and cuts provide opportunities for serious
injury to the line.
The dock facilities at Santos, as at Rio, would be subject to
considerable damage, but they stand a better chance of being protected
or repaired than do many other facilities which, if sabotaged, would
hamper production as much.
V. Serra do Navio Deposits in Amapa
The most promising Brazilian manganese deposits from the point
of view of availability to the United States are those near the
Amazon River in the Federal Territory of Amapa. Located deep in
tropical rain forest, these deposits were only recently recognized
to be of great potential value. Mineral ores were kncwn to be present
in the area as early as 1934, but it was not until 1946 that an
analysis of samples was made and the deposits were recognized to con-
tain high-grade manganese ore.
Despite the inaccessibility of the region and surveying diffi-
culties, a concession was soon granted to the Sociedade Industria e
Comercio de Minerios, S. A. (ICOMI) of Belo Horizonte. Progress since
Approved For Release 1999/09/21. IA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
ShUAq
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 ; RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
then has been rapid, and full-scale production is anticipated by
1955 or 1956. Since 1949, the Bethlehem Steel Corporation has
been a 1+9-percent participant in the undertaking, assuming operational
and management control until a loan of $67,500,000, made by the Ex-
port-Import Bank of Washington for development purposes, has been
liquidated.
A. Geographic Location and Description of the Region
The Amapa manganese -- generally referred to as the Serra
do Navio deposits -- is located on the banks of the Amapari River in
the municipio of Macapa, about 130 miles north of the Amazon River,
at approximately 1?N, 52?10'W. (See Map No. 12515.) Surroundec by
dense rain forest in rough terrain, this isolated area was until re-
cently known only to occasional prospectors who penetrated the jungle
from the open savannah country south of the AraguarC River. There
were no settlements immediately adjacent to the mine site, the only
inhabitants of the region being-clustered in a few small villages
the coast. This section of Brazil did not achieve the status of
territorio until 1943, when it was separated from the sparsely
settled State of Para; prior to that time, little economic develop-
ment had taken place.
Not the least of the drawbacks to settlement was the hot humid
climate, characteristic of the Amazon lowlands close to the Equator.
The mining area itself has the advantage of being at an elevation of
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 ~FG'-TRDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
300 feet, which makes it somewhat cooler than Macapa, on the Amazon,
approximately at sea level. Data gathered over the past few years
show a maximum temperature of 86'F and a minimum of 639; the average
is about 7.5?F, with a maximum daily range of 18?. Rainfall is heavy,
the average annual precipitation being about 80 inches. The heaviest
rains occur from February through June, and the light,sst in September
through November. The storms are usually violent and accompanied by
heavy winds, the seasonal variations being in frequency and duration.
Relative humidity is high, requiring precautions in tl'.he care of all
equipment, clothing, food, and household goods.
Although long-term data have not been collected, the conditions
described are judged by natives to be normal, with occasional cycles
of slight change to be expected.
B. Description of the Deposits
Outcroppings of manganese ore occur in a belt of hills and
bluffs half a mile wide, extending in a northwest-southeast direction
for about 5 miles along the Amapari River (Figure 7). The greatest
concentration of deposits is in the southeastern part of the zone.
Ore bodies are irregular in character, breaking through the surface
of the ground in at least 25 major places with unpredictable under-
ground extensions. The areas between outcroppings have proved to be
barren in many instances. Float ore, ranging in size from pebbles
to enormous blocks, occurs throughout the area. The largest single
ore body known is 450 meters (1,1+50 feet) long, and the longest
Approved For Release 1999/09MCIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
stretch of closely spaced or connected ore bodies is about 1,100
meters (3,350 feet). The deepest ore has been determined to be within
40 to 50 meters (125 to 150 feet) of the surface, and in some places
sheer cliffs of ore rise as high as 20 meters (60 feet). Open-pit.
operations will therefore prove practical, without much stripping.
Samples tested give evidence of an average manganese content of at
least 45 percent.
The deposits have been divided into the following three groups
for the sake of convenient reference (see inset on Map No. 12515):
l.. Clemente area, west of the Amapari:
F-1) Clemente
F-2)
2. Chumbo area, across the Amapar( to the east:
C-1) Chumbo
C-2)
C-3 Janot
C-5 Baixio
Terezinha area, extending southeast and roughly
paralleling the east bank of the river:
A-3 Autunes, and Autunes camp
A-2 Forno
A-1 Cangao
T-5 Observatorio
T-1 Macaco
T-2 Gruta
T-3 Gurita
T-8 Baixinho
T-9 Glycon
T-4 Curuga ) South Terezinha, with Terezinha camp
T-6 Padeiro)
T-10 Sentinela #1
T-11 Sentinela #2
- 27 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/ IA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
C. Transportation and Shipping Facilities
Transportation to the ore zone at present requires a com-
bination of services. Air connections exist between Belem (Para)
and Macapa. Three to four trips a week are scheduled via Cruzeiro
do Sul Airlines and one a week by a Brazilian Air Force cargo-
,passenger plane, the 210-mile trip taking about an hour and 20 minutes.
'In addition, river boats make several trips a week between Belem and
Macapa, with numerous stops en route. The trip upstream to Macapa
averages 60-70 hours, and the return trip downstream to Belem, 55-65
hours. The Territory of Amapa operates its own shipping line, SERRTA,
which carries bulk freight as well as passengers and maintains a
more or less regular schedule. At present the river route follows
the southern estuary of the Amazon, from Belem around the south and
west sides of Maraj(:") Island.. For full-scale ore shipment in the
future, it is expected that the northern estuary will be charted
and marked for the safe navigation of ore boats.
From Macapa a good gravel road traverses the open, rolling
savannah for 120 kilometers (72 miles) northwest to P6r1:o Grande on
the AraguarI River (Figure 3); the trip requires about 2 hours.
At the company landing, P8rto Platon, 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) west
of P6rto Grande, outboard motor launches and cargo canoes continue
the trip to the mining area by following the Araguari RL'.ver 8.1 miles
to its junction with the Amaparj which in turn is followed upstream
for another 61.6 miles to the Serra do Navio camp. The journey
Approved For Release 1999/61f24 CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
SECRET
upstream takes 6 to 8 hours, whereas the return trip can be made in
4 to 7 hours if conditions are favorable. Considerably more time
may be required under some circumstances; one source quotes 18 to
20 hours upstream and 7 to 9 downstream. The rapids in the river
have a great influence on the trip, the duration of which depends on
the water level at different seasons, the size of the boat and load,
and the power of the motor used. At one of the worst points in the
4-mile-long Cachorrinho Rapids -- 48 miles above PSrto Platon -- the
depth at low water at times does not exceed 2 feet, although at high
water as much as 8 feet have been recorded. Shallow-draft boats are
now transporting limited quantities of ore during favorable periods,
but it can readily be seen that large craft could never be relied
upon for the transport of large shipments under full production,
even to P6rto Platon. Below P6rto Grande, cataracts prevent river
traffic from following the Araguari to the Atlantic Ocean, making
it essential to divert all transport overland south to the Amazon.
Ore shipment eventually will be made by rail, upon the comple-
tion (scheduled for 1954) of the railroad which was to have been
started by Foley Bros. of Pleasantville, N. Y., before the end of
1952. This line will carry crushed ore from its terminus, which
will be centrally located in the mining area, to the new port (San-
tana) being developed on the north shore of the Amazon, about 12 miles
upstream from the town of Macapa. Returning cars will haul commercial
freight and camp supplies.
Approved For Release 1999/09/2fE-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
Preliminary surveys, run by Foley Bros. in 1951, followed the
existing gravel road north to P6rto Grande on the Araguarf River
rather than cutting more directly across country toward the mine
sites. This route was considered preferable because it crosses fewer
rivers and less rugged country, and also it makes possible the use
of river transport on the Araguard and Amaparf Rivers to the mine
area until the northern portion of the railroad is completed.
Approximately 212 kilometers (127 miles) of standard-gauge (1.L+35
meters), single-track line is to be laid, of which 126 kilometers
(75 miles) will be across the open savannah and 86 kilometers (52
miles) in the jungle. Three major river crossings along the route
will necessitate steel bridges having a combined length, of 310 meters
(1,023 feet) (see Map No. ].2515), as follows:
(1) Rio Cupixi, 100 miles from Santana
(2) Rio .Amaparf, 117 1/2 miles from Santana
(3) Chivet Creek, 122 miles from Santana
Two minor trestles, at Cachorrinho Creek and Sentinels Creek, and
several relief trestles will be built of timber. Maintenance shops
will be constructed at the port site and at the mines,-with essential
section houses along the line. At present, Foley's construction
camp is established at P6rto Platon.
All heavy construction materials will be shipped from the United
States. Timber is available locally for most needs, and sources for
the necessary ballast and, concrete aggregate are to be found along
- 30 -
Approved For Release I 999/09 tjCIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
the route. The proposal for construction requirements of the line;
was based on an estimate of 20-car trains, each car carrying 50 tons
of ore. Annual production of 500,000 tons of ore would thereby re-
quire 2 trains a day, or if production were raised to 1,000,000 tons
per year, 1+ trains a day.
The need for an ore-loading station on the Amazon led to the
development of a new port site. The only established port in the
vicinity is at the town of Macapa, which is unfortunately located at
a place where the river bottom slopes from the shore so gradually
that a jetty 1+50 meters (1,1+50 feet) long is required to reach out
to a depth of 4 meters (13 feet). Upstream about 12 miles, however,
the island of Santana (1+ miles long) narrows one channel of the river
to approximately 600 meters (2,000 feet) and a maximum depth of about
50 meters (165 feet), with the 9-meter (30-foot) depth required by
the proposed ore boats located quite close to the north shore. In
addition, the island affords protection for the port site against
winds from the south.
Immediately adjacent to the ore-loading site on the east is a
new dock area for Macapa, being built by the territorio government to
improve its own shipping services. Both ports are connected with
Macapa by a road 32 kilometers (19 miles) in length, which also
connects with the road between Macapa and Pirto Grande.
Proposed plans for all ore-loading facilities at the new port of
"Santana" were submitted in 1950 by the engineering firm of Moran,
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 $EIRDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
Proctor, Freeman, and Mueser of New York. (See inset on Map No.
12515.) These plans were based on an anticipated delivery of 560,000
tons of ore per year with possibilities of expansion to 1,120,000
tons per year.- The ore will be transported the 210 kilometers (127
miles) between the mine site and the port in bottom--dump cars, which
will empty into a track hopper and then move onto a s'_ding. Standing
room for two loaded trains and. one empty will be provided by sidings
and switches, permitting continuous dumping operations and transfer
of cars without interruption. As an alternative, the main track
will run onto the dock, where servicing can be accomplished by a
50-ton derrick directly between a waiting vessel and the adjacent cars.
Plans call for ore cars about 25 feet long, with ,a capacity of
50 to 55 tons each. These will dump into the track hcppeer, which
has a holding capacity of 170 tons of crushed ore, and will be so
arranged as to permit the dumping of two ore cars simultaneously.
The ore will then be drawn off by a 36-inch belt conveyor, which will
deliver it to a stacking conveyor. Ore will be stockpiled with a
traveling turntable-type stacker, having a swinging boom conveyor '36
inches wide by approximately 60 feet long. This stack:!r will be
able to place 15,000 tons of ore on each side of its 500-foot track,
and 84,000 tons more could be overcast by a power shovcc:l, making a
total storage capacity of 171,000 tons.
Reclaiming ore for transfer from the stockpiles to boats will be
done by the power shovel or the boom.conveyor? on the stacker. Either
Approved For Release 1999/093 .clA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 ::~C,~ IA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
'ECRET
of these can load the ore into a traveling hopper, from which it
will move to the boats via conveyor belts and a shuttle conveyor ~)n
the dock. With all equipment utilized, the maximum loading rate
will be about 2,500 tons an. hour.
The pier, as shown on the inset on Map No. 12515, with dolphins
extending upstream and downstream for mooring and moving of boats,
is located to provide a minimum of 30 feet of water at mean. low t}.de,
which will accommodate 10,000-ton ore boats. Ore carriers of 25,000
tons capacity may be used unless sand bars at the mouth of the
Amazon prohibit their passage. It will be necessary, however, to
construct additional dolphins farther out in the river where the
depth is at least 40 feet.
Associated facilities at the loading site will include a
diesel-engine generating plant, storage tanks, powder magazines,
repair shops, locomotive service sheds, warehouses, office buildings,
and staff quarters. Fresh water will be obtained from wells.
D. Development of the Mines
Development of the mining property has progressed steadily
since 1946, when some clearing was done, trails were curt, and the
general extent of the deposits was delimited by the Territorio.
Extensive exploration of the area began in 1947, when ICQMI contracted
with the Amapa Government to develop the ore bodies. In June 194'?,
after some temporary construction and minor ore production, ICOI
reached an agreement with Bethlehem Steel. Corporation whereby the
Approved For Release 1999/09/2f': L4A-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
latter acquired a 1+9-percent interest and agreed to undertake the
extensive exploration and the engineering necessary for a large-
scale mining operation.
Intensive geological mapping and 27,000 feet of &iamond drilling
in 168 locations throughout the deposits produced results which by
October 1951 established a, minimum reserve of at least 10,600,000
tons of ore, probably of 1+6 percent or higher manganese content.
The basis of this estimate is as follows:
Lode ores, calculated from diamond drilling. . .
. .
9,177,000
Lode ores, undrilled and outlying bodies . . . .
. .
81+9,000
Float ores, next to or on top of ore body
outcrops . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
.. .
327,000
Float ores, flanking or at some distance
from outcrops . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
--2-0X0
02
-
1-0 ., 673 , 000
Upon the realization of this potentiality, full-scale operations
got under way to develop the area, requiring detailed iaanning for
mining installations, living accommodations, power and water supplies,
transportation facilities, and associated needs.
Two main camps had been established during preliminary workings:
one at Serra do Navio on the west bank of the AmaparI, and the other
at the South Terezinha deposits at the southeast end of the ore zone.
A loading station, Terezinha Landing, also built early on the east
bank of the river near the Terezinha deposits, will continue to be
used. Subsequent developments have led to the selection of an area
-31+-
Approved For Release 1999/09CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
near the Gurita deposit as the permanent center for all activitie,;,
and plans for the town of Vila Terezinha were drawn up.
By December 1951, plans were laid out for a 3-year program that
would allow for the development of facilities needed at various
stages during the construction of the railroad. Facilities that
would aid in preliminary mining activities and that could be easily
constructed were to be installed early. Certain installations which
would be essential to full-scale mining and which would. enable opera-
tions to commence as soon as the railroad was open, were to be con-
structed immediately regardless of transportation difficulties or
cost. On the other hand, those that could be dispensed with until-
later were postponed until the completed railroad could provide trans-
portation for needed equipment.
Preliminary estimates called for the completion of the railroad
in 1954, although at present a later date appears to be more rea]istic.
In the interim, all goods must be transported via road and river.
which requires scheduling of barge trips during high water and
cargo canoes during low water in order to keep the necessary supPLies
moving.
Power will be provided by diesel generators, the oil for which
will probably be obtained in the Caribbean and stored in tanks b,rth
at the port site and at Terezinha Village. A reservoir behind a dam
on Cancan Creek adjacent to the village will provide water for b>>th
domestic and mining needs.
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 : 1 DP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
Ore bodies T-3, T-4, T-5, and T-6, in the Terezinha group, are
the only deposits currently being developed. Ore is ncfw broken by
hand, but by the time the railroad is finished foundations for a
crushing plant will be completed, and crushing facilities, conveyors,
ore bins, and associated installations will be erected as soon as
equipment can be shipped in.
E. Labor Supply
The unskilled labor supply has been adequate, workers being
available from both :Macapa and Belem, as well as from among the
migrants who have drifted to the lower Amazon from the c.rou.gbt-stricken
northeastern states of Brazil. The supply of skilled workrrien, on
the other hand., is very limited; probably they will have to be
sought from more distant cities, and considerable training in the
use of equipment will. be necessary. About 400 Brazilians are cur-
rently employed in the mines. The attitude of the workers is one of
cooperativeness and good nature, which contributes greatly to the
solution of problems arising from local conditions. Health facilities
are good, with a doctor stationed. at the camp and a 70-bed hospital.
and trained staff available in Macapa.
F. Vulnerability to Sabotage
The open-pit methods to be employed at the Amapa deposits
will deter sabotage in the mining areas. Considerable inconvenience
might be inflicted on water supply, power generators, and other
facilities at the settlement areas, but production would not be seri-
ously affected.
Approved For Release 199
1:CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
8MFM
 Approved For Release 1999/09/2' , 4-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
The most serious destruction could probably occur along the
railroad, at the bridges and trestles, where considerable time would
be required for repair.
Dock facilities, being separate and operated by the company,
should be fairly easy to guard. The general situation in the Amap,"
area, where all the mining facilities are new and under close control
and which is in a section of the country where subversive influences
are slight, is such that there is less opportunity for sabotage than
in any of the other manganese-producing regions in Brazil.
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 ~'E TRDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
Gips in Intelligence
Information is fairly complete on manganese which is mined in
Brazil for export. Reports of very recent developments on major
problems are not always received promptly, but most of the informa-
tion significant for the purposes of this report was obtained. The
Urucum negotiations, in which decisions are pending, and the unsatis-
factory situation regarding shipment by the Central do Brazil Rail.-
road reflect internal political maneuvers which are not entirely
understood, even by reporting officers in Brazil.
Reporting on mining methods and production in the numerous small
mines in Minas Gerais is not at all up to date; therefore such infor-
mation as was available served primarily as a guide. The variable
nature of these operations makes it nearly impossible to keep detailed
reporting up to date.
Large-scale maps with accurate mining data are not available,
but a current TCA (Technical Cooperation Administration) field survey
in central Minas Gerais will provide much information suitable for
future compilations on that area.
Information on physical security measures in specific mining
and transportation operations is notably lacking.
38
Approved For Release 1999/09irCIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 ,IA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
Sources and Evaluation of Sources
1. Evaluation of Sources
The best source materials available for this study were the
technical reports prepared under contract by the commercial firms
that were asked to prepare specifications for various aspects of
developmental operations.
Intelligence reports from CIA, Army, Navy, and Air Force sources
provided details of work progress as observed by reporting offici,-Us.
U.S. Foreign Service despatches have been valuable for interpretations
of the negotiations between U.S. firms and Brazilian interests.
Substantive reports prepared by various agencies in Washington
all provided good background information. Each contributed signifi-
cant interpretations of the manganese situation as of the date of
the report, although numerous misstatements have become apparent in
the light of subsequent information.
2. List of Sources
25X1 A2g
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 .T RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
25X1A2g
Costa Chaves, Aloysio da, "Aspectos Geo-economicos da Amazonia,"
Boletim Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, Jan-Mar 1952. Series 70,
Nos. 1-3, PP. 16-17.
Dorr, John Van N. II, Manganese and Iron Deposits of Morro do Urucum,
Mato Grosso, Brazil, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Geological Survey Bulle-
tin 946-A, 1945. -
Dorr, John Van N. II, Park, Charles F., Jr., and de Paiva, Glycon,
Manganese Deposits of the Serra do Navio District, Territory of
a Brazil, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Geological Survey Bulletin
964-A, 1 9
Leao, Josias, Mines and Minerals in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 9397?
Miller, B.L., and Singewald, J.T., The Mineral Deposits :)f South
America, New York, 1919.
Moran, Proctor, Freeman and Mueser, Consulting Engineers, Study of the
Development of Ore Loading Station for Serra do Navio Mine, Territario
Federal do Amapa, Brazil, S.A., New York, Dec 1950.
Munitions Board, Industrial Security Division, Vital Foreign Resources
and Facilities Available to Support a United States Inctustrial
Mobilization, Secondd Interim Report, Vol. 1, 1 Jun 19 cl S.
Oliveira, E. Paulo de, Mineral Resources of Brazil, Mini~terio da
Agricultura, Industria e Ccrmercio, Rio de Janeiro, 1930.
Oliver Mining Co., Minim De posits of Urucum Mountain, Corumba, Mato
Grosso, Brazil, Oct _1948. Manuscript. Park, C.F., Jr., and others, "Notes on the Manganese Ores of Brazil,"
Economic Geology, Vol. 46, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1951, pp. 1-21.
Approved For Release 19992: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
:.SECRET
Preliminary Engineering. Report on the Proposed Mining Development of
the Serra do Navio Manganese Deposits in the Federal Territory CT
Amappaa, Brazil, Nov 1951. Manuscript.
Report on the Proposed Expansion of the Volta Redonda Plant of Cie..
Sidurgica Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, for the Export-Import Bank csf
Washington, Mar 1950.
The Serra do Navio Manganese Deposits, Federal Territory of Amapa;
Brazil, A Final Report on Exploration through Oct. 1951. Manuscript.
25X1A2g
Approved For Release 1999/09/21P~CK-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
25X1A2g
Wolff, J.F., and Hakala, H.J., Urucum Manganese District;, Corumba,
Mato Grosso, Brazil, Oct 1941. Manuscript.
Approved For Release I 999/( i T CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
SECRET
Figure 1. Morro da Mina Mine, near Lafaiete, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
1945.
Figure 2.
Loading manganese ore preparatory to shipment by rail;,
Morro da Mina Mine, Lafaiete.
- 43 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/2'GEC-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/48 ,IA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
Figure 3. Loading manganese ore, port at Rio de Janeiro. 1945.
Figure 4. Paraguay River near Corumba, Mato Grosso, Brazil; cases
of mining equipment and oil drums in foreground.
- 45 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/ffc #A-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 sEC ,RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
Figure 5. Morro do Urucum, near Corumba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
IV;R
}Yf
Figure 6. Outcropping of manganese ore, Morro do Urucum, Mato
Grosso, Brazil.
- 47 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CVMDP79TO1
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
SECRET
Figure 7. Chumbo Outcrop of manganese ore on the Amapari River,
Amapa Territory, Brazil.
Figure 8.
Typical flat country between new port of Santana and the
Araguari River, Amapa Territory, Brazil. Road is now
considerably improved.
- 49 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 :s JA RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
CONFIDENTIAL
Bistoaas
V
Rhr..nd .ul dl..r.~as ... !~ ,r.mre mtle.,
n~een d;an- m-6-; d-
International boundary
State or territorial boundary
O National capital
0 State or territorial capital
STATUTE MILES
0 390 600
KILOMETERS
CONFIDENTIAL
URUGUAY
MONTEVIDEO
TO BALTIMORE
. / 3/00 Miles
Curitiba Z..
O
BRAZIL
MANGANESE DEPOSITS
1.
Amazonas
18.
Minas Gerais
2.
Territorio do
Rio Branco
a,
area disputed by Minas Gerais
and Espirito Santo
3.
Para
10.
Pernambuco
19.
Espirito Santo
4.
Territorio do
11.
Alagoas
20.
Sao Paulo
Amapa
12.
Sergipe
21.
Rio de Janeiro
5.
Maranhao
13.
Territorio do Acre
22.
Distrito Federal
6.
Piaui
14.
Territ6rio do Guapore
23.
Parana
7.
Ceara
15.
Mato Grosso
24.
Santa Catarina
8.
Rio Grande do Norte
16.
Goias
25.
Rio Grande do Sul
9.
Paraiba
17.
Bahia
26.
Territ6rio de Fernando
de Noronha
LOOO map nrancn, um, ei-au CONFI ~T CIA Reproductic~r
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 : CP-nR79T01018A000100060001-4
 60 56 52
48 44 40 -
36
Senhor da Bonfim
a
~~
o Approve
For Release 1
9109121 : CIA DP79T01018 X0060001-4
T
B R A Z I L
~
,
ohina ~? ~ r* Araca,u
I Ja
c
;
\
MANGANESE MINING AND
12
a.
~y \
RELATED TRANSPORTATION
Mundo Novo
o
~TERRIT RIO
MATO GROSSO, MINAS
--~-
E
B A H I A
c
`
12
GERAIS
AND BAHIA
% D 0 O U A P 0 R
,
M A T 0
a
Cachoeir
)
~. ?
Sao R0qu
Sant
Antbni
o
o
ofi i de Jesus o ra ALVADOR
c
1 Contendaso a~
Manganese deposit
a
) __?"?^? Jepu.60'
Route of manganese ore shipment
G 0 S S 0 e
/
/
Selected railroad 11.6 meter gauge-5'2")
1 I (1
I l `y \\
Selected railroad 11 meter gauge-3'3%"1
y~
na corned
c` \ Ilhbus
P ~
'?
Selected road
1
b ,
Ii 7
?~?\
_
Jauari 4
~ na
16
4
1 0
B R A
~ \
oL
I
Selected airfield
atobo
oAnapolls
'ti Rso ~ ~.~ 1
GOIi1NIA
I
\ ~.
0
4
1
o
h
- international boundary -?- Estado or terntbno boundary
'
n
o Monies Claros
?
ti
l
it
l o E
t
itd
i
it
l
N
t
d
\"`
e4?I
~
Rio J
0
t
a
ona
cap
a
o or
err
r
o cap
a
s
a
16 ?
1
BOLIVIA
f
a Pirapora Arassual
` earaca
Queixadas
000
S
l
1
5
000
1
%
I e
4Ra
ca
e
:
,
,
:
~
( /
0 100 200 300
Rio T?QUar' Herculania L"\?
/
1
M I N A S ) Caravelas
o
Statute Miles
0 100 200 300 i "4
oru Paranafbo
o- `?'
Corinto ~ ~~
Kilometers
20
ario ??
l Neero k3
\ ana e
spei yRda a
~O o R,, Gra e
P
P
0Uberlandia f oso/ ?-..?
`yu? o l.\ ti41 0
oc?
N
{t E R A 1 S o9 `y' / z
i,
b r
Nova Era 9
HORIRELO ZONTE o aet?
oRio Piracicaba
- '
'
'
;? RELO HORIZONTE
y Ap mdauana
Campa Rio Park
o
Grand
e
N SDA
'rio / .5,
0 Trb Lagoas
/d
r r'J 4
'
o
O
Tp!
\ L
A / 9 4 YITORU
LD
IN
E
O
P
O
I
Dom SiluRria
ol'c
9
o
o
b
Canselheiro
ld
,o
ro
W -20
D
o
w
s
I
Lafaiete Rm d. Janp
~o
c
Ara Sato
Pdrto Murlinho Qb~ SAG
- Presidente Eta cio
~~
L,-,, / 1 \
F CENTRAL
E
..
N Itablrito
r
A
.
I DO ARABIC I
\?
"`??ve~ oPresdente Prudente ~~' P A U L
G i re.Rpudp o0^ero. ( 0
Marianao
- l
1 ~.ti,j\
Bauru
6AS a
Volta Redonda ota' oCam os
....
?
Ponte NOV
ao
^
. , t ._.N
Rio 1 l
` (steel mai) , -
7 E F sOROG NO u~ diet ' '
PARAGUAY
NITER01
s
1 ua
~
1 ffb
a~m.
.~m
1
.
,
`
- -
h-
Smocab
Conselheiro
24
?~
^
~
?,. das
-
Cruzes JANEIRO
Lafaie[e
..
?
~ Guaira
\
'
~
1s Jaguariaiva o
.
\
'
\
Santo E. F. 3.5 TTgS
a JuNDI
MANGANESE MINING AREAS
1 IN MINAS GERAIS
?,
..,,
_. P A R A N A ?
,
ASUNCION
~
Manganese mines
3
^
\
I Railroad 11.6 meter gauge-5'2")
'
Guara uava
o
1 Railroad (1 meter gauge-3
3%")
-Ruud
~.
24
-...
\
0 20 40
.
'J~ -. ._\,^-?~ r..~,
=
A
.
Sao Joao del eel Miles
.
r ~'
ATLANTIC OCEAN
`
.. I
ato `e
c4
\
R SANTA CATARINA
\
'Corrientes Posadas
I4
' -
t? FLORIANOPOLIS .
.
28
-
R
oPasso Funda ..
Pump ho/sew
oSao Borja .1
/
"I ?I era
i
f
I
J
gua
i 28 \
4" water pipeline
IProposedl ~
/
AR N T I N A R I O GRANDE
.
Corumba
\.~ Ladarip
/
M.1Q ;., MoRRo
OSanta Maria
,i"~ Loading dock
-~' and
administration /
Buildings - /
Urugualana
~
? stockpile area
I
/
~ y
A DO
N
"~ . PORTO
,.J ''~ ALEGRE
44 40 \~~
A
~
DO S U L
,\
VENEZUEI `GUIANA a'\~
~ 1 Nnh
'ti
I~\/
Tunnels 1, 2, & 3 URUCUM
~~ Tunne4
`
(F.
,
cotoMeu 1- `(or.~ ~ ivfANGANESE MINING ti
BRAZIL ~~ ~
-
~~ `
/'r ~
Reservoir IJ
,~-Tunnels 5, 6, 7, 8,& 9
r 1
o ~
~ \
I
AREAS
1N
??
?
f t... w G'Q" ~
'~
/ v' N
Haulage adit F t _A~...
OSedl -
ro
l
..
.
P
r _0
PV
\
!
:
?
'-
p
P
... o
Salto
oTacuaremdd
''
y ~ 4
~
1
/ Ra Tunnels 10, 11; & 12
N
32
~ Pelotas
Parana
B R A ZIL
p Aeriramway a -~~/
lproposedl al t
a
Paysandb ?\ Rio
f1
w
N
?,\, O~Sg
URUGUAY
o
32 PERU i '
BOLIVIA
'
/
nNicolds
a
?I ~ .V Aerial tramway MORRO
--
:
,
ro
osedl
(
~
p
p
. DG
'-I e'
ze
F
c
RUCUM
MORRO DO U
Ibic uy
.. ,
uM
?
uau
01 1 -' \'\ v MORRO DO
x
bed outcro
M
(
PACIFIC
)
i) aruxric URUCUM DasnNiA
C
p
anganese
M
t
l
.,,,
,
'~ AND VICINITY CRUZ
OCSAN ~f
m?? /? OCEAN
( ARGENTINA ,?
ining
unne
-
(from previous workings)
-
SERRA
DA SANTA
,_
I
h i
t
'
cVuz
BUENOS AIRES P4%8 MONTEVIDEO
La Plata ? -
60 56 52 48
300 600 o
~ . 0 2 a
uau
MASS Miles
c
~ 1
Mllm ) ;-
OPO-990-I1e9
12627 ciA, 7-53
Approved For Release 1999/09/21 :CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 5
2
5
1 Q
S
G 4
a
BRAZIL: AMAPA TERRITORY
Q
MANGANESE MINING AND
RELATED TRANSPORTATION
SERRA DO NAVIO
n
0
Manganese deposit
)
(''~
V 91 y
~--~-~ Railroad (under construction)
T
ER R I T O
R I O (~
? Chives bridge Railroad bridge (under construction)
R
d
oa
River rapids
Apgunti
A T L A N T I C
Airfield
International boundary - --- Eatedo or terrlt6rio boundary
Chives bridge
Rio Amapari bridge
D Farrslra
Gamsa
Q
0 C E A ti
0 70 20 30 40 50
Statute Miles
0 30 20 30 40 50
Kilometers
C thorn
itl
Porto Grande
~O Am Part
isi
o
Porto
ton Rio PaK
m, v
w,` a
/ o
AP b
VlNPZUHIA ~J?
oNUw
U
coLOMau? \ ? fcar.ry?`l\i`' Area of map
W
Rio Cupixi
bridge
a"'m
0
r
ILHA
JANAUCU
br
A M A P A
G
JP~F'P
BRAZIL
l .~ ~.
sot-
:
1
/-, SERRA DO NAVIO DISTRICT
MANGANESE DEPOSITS
2 v0
$
! '".
y?~ P 0
CAV I
ILHA
ANA, 6
1P 5
?~ o e ?
M^
O`4
10
S.- d. \
Miles
D
1~s
~
NW. um ~~
o? '---
\
0
Sente n~\0
NiA
OS p~ /1
C~ J
G
`p~PV LHA MEXIANA
~ /
rawrrc
( AROaNTQJA ~I ?
OCEAN
' ATLANTIC
OCEAN
\
\\
ryt
ILHA I
'r
itp
N OQI~ ?
j
U
/ "t1
UAU
d 3W 600
: ? Mites
CANAL DO S
-
ILHA
\
PART 0 5
~P
~?
SANTANA Repair shop
RE-LOADING Dspamsary
\
a rerezinn. \
~~U
/ ~~
4 ILHA ANAJAS
PROPOSED O
MOM.
STATION
ILHA
DE
MARAJ
\
y
4 340 60 house
Fast
\
L ~ygil~
CAA 111VVVVVV7111111
r
Drive house 'g
Conveyor
tanks g
Lej
belt
uGD
3
\
.
?
j
Track hopper
Ore stack plies /
A-1
ILHA GRANDE
Tremlao&a0ng /
p veal.
DE
xa
Dr
e
GURUPA
e?
ous
Power shovel
NJ
Con. yor
belt Traveling loading hopper
lyriva hopes
ahuta wnvgm -pier
DolPhln
Ore boat Derrick Walkway
\P.
Government dock
gongs
P
A R A
ILHA DE
Qq
%EL&
p+~i
MARAJO
Rio
I L H A DA LAGUNA
5
2
5
o
Oe~
0 do per
9
4
a
ac
9
 Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
CONFIDENTIAL
Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A000100060001-4
 cc G- k
i Gor Release 1999/09/21 CIA-RDP79T 18J00110 0001-4
FOR THE ASSISTAN CR
FCR, ,R1rSErAR _H SAN {
CIA/RR-G-6
12 August 1953
U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
DOCUMENT NO.
NO CHANGE IN ,CLASS. ^
O DECLASSIFIED r
CLASS. CHANGED TO: TS S
NEXT REVIEW DATE:
AUTH: HR 70-2
DATE3??/-'9REVIEWER: _006514
gQR[mr, 51T,
60M d For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79T01018A0 6
 Approved .For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4
WARNING
aterial contains information affecting
the AMRMWRAL.D-efense of the United
States
within them MINAof the
espionage
laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs.
794, the
trans-
mission or revelation of whic
to an unauthorized person is pr
m
ohibite
anner
Approved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79TO1018A000100060001-4