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• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01049A002700110001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 28, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 1, 1963
• Content Type: FORM

Approved For Relea~~,~O,~i~~~~.J~~~7~9~~1 ~~,~QO~Q~,7~00110001-9
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NO FORE,I~N DISSEM
CONSTRUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
IN WU-HAN, CHINA., -
25X1 D
CIA~RR EP 63-28
May 1863
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 a~.id 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Office of Research and Reports
SECRET GROUP al
EHCluded from utomatic
NO FOREIGN DISSEM downgrading and
declassifcation
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Extensive aerial reconnaissance -over about three-quarters
of the industry of mainland China has resulted in the amassing of a
large body of new data. This pub}ieeton represents an exploratory
effort to assess the feasibility of using such aerial photography to
establish the aggregative level of activity at construction projects
and at all types of industry throug~iout the mainland. For the pilot
study, Wu-han, a major industrial city of Central China, was chosen
because it appeared to represent a typical case.
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CONTENTS
Summary and Conclusions 1
I. Introduction
II. City of Wu-han
Appendixes
A, General ~
B. Construction?Activity ~ ~ ~ 5
C . Industrial Activity ~
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Appendix A. Status of Selected Constr coon Projects in
Wu-han
Appendix B. Status of Production at Selected Industrial
Page
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. 15
Appendix C. Indicators of Plant TypE~s and Activity 19
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CONSTRUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
IN WU-HAND C INP,.,
25X1 D Summary and Conclusions
25X1 D
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The amount of construction activity in Wu-han _ was negligible
compared with _ when many major industrial projects were underway
25X1 D throughout the city. Aerial photography of construction projects
revealed no change in their status An
analysis of the quantity of construction completed between the over-
flights in indicates that the bulk of construc-
25X1 D tion activity in Wu-han came to a halt during the period February-June
25X1 D
25X1 D
25X1 D The ial activity in Wu-han in _ was much lower
than in industrial capacity generally was being
utilized at a rate no higher than and. probably below one-third of the
available capacity. The volume of capital investment tied up
struction projects and idle capacity exceeded 1 billion yuan~
~ The estimates and conclusions in this publication represent the
best judgment of this Office as of 1 April 1963.
~ Yuan values in this publication are given in current yuan and may
be converted to US dollars at a rate of exchange of 2.46 Yuan to US $l.
This rate, however does not necessarily reflect the value of the Yuan
in terms of the dollar.
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Knowledge of Communist China's strengths and vulnerabilities con-
tinues to be a priority target. Since the demise of the "leap forward"
in 1960, however, the assessment of China's productive capabilities
has become increasingly difficult. Publication of me,~ningful infor-
mation on output and the pace of construction virtually ceased after
1959. Projections based on 1959 anii earlier data are tenuous in the
extreme, largely as a result of the chaotic situation in Chinese
industry. Indications are that the data problem will continue, per-
haps for some years. For these reasons and because a significant
guantity of new, high-quality aerial photography covering about three-
guarters of Chinese industry became available in _ it was felt
that a trial approach to new estimai;es of the level of activity in
industry and construction was warranted.
Although a considerable amount of photography had been taken in
_ before the slump in the economy, the coverage and quality were
inferior to that taken in _ However, the existence of "before"
and "after" photography did offer, j.n theory at least, the possibility
of establishitag some measure of-the decline in activity. By utilizing
the photography in conjunction with all other sources, but particularly
with recent reports of refugees, it was hoped that a reasonably objec-
tive analysis might be made.
It was decided that an ex locator roject on a single important
industrial center for which photography existed should
be made. Wu-han in Central China was selected. Ideally the project
on Wu-han would prove the feasibility of and provide a methodology
for an effort expanded to embrace the balance of Chinese industry.
The levels of confidence that could be placed on further research of
this nature were to be determined.
Four photographic reconnaissance missions have been flown over
Wu-han. These were flown on
the flight of - was not used. Careful examination was made of
the remaining photography, and approximately 100 potential indicators
of construction and industrial activity, including railroad yards,
were initially catalogued. Research was undertaken in an attempt to
identify each of these facilities and to correlate ground data with
aerial observations. As a result of this exerci.ae, ~+7 of the more
significant facilities were tabulated and subjected to a plant-by-
plant evaluation in an effort to estimate the scale of construction
and industrial activity in Wu-han.
Because o ex en e c ouc cover over Wu-han
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II. City of Wu-han
A, General
The complex urban area of Wu-hang with a population probably
in excess of 2 million peoFle~ is the administrative center of Hupei
Province. The Yangtze and Han Rivers divide metropolitan Wu-han into
three parts -- the trieities of Hankow, Han-yangy and Wu-ch'ang.
Wu-han is a key rail junctjon on the Peiping-Canton railroad as well
as a major port, The Yangtze River rail and road bridge opened in
1957 is the only crossing t?f the Yangtze between Chungking and the sea.
Although some industry had been lacated in Wu-han for years
before the Communist takeo~-er in 19+9, it had been of importance ozL1y
locally and in Hupei Province, During the First and Second Five Year
Plans the Chinese initiates plans to make Wu-han the principal insus-
trial center of Central China and one of the five or six most important
industrial cities on the mainland.
In planning projects for Wu-han the designers envisaged. a verti-
cally integrated industria7_ complex of sufficient capacity to supply a
significant share of the mfcchinery and equipment requirements of much
of Central and South China. Plans centered on the erection of a
3-million-metric-ton iron rw,d steel center supplied by local iron are
and limestone. Gas from the steel plant wauld be used as a feed
materia3. for one of the largest fertilizer plants planned in China
as well as for fuel in new refractary* cement, and other facilities.
Railed steel products would be shipped less than 1Q miles to what was
planned to be the largest Heavy machine tool plant in China, to the
second largest Chinese automobile factory, to one of the tao most
important naval shipyards in China, and to many other important
machine building and light industrial projects.
The majority of the ne~a industrial plants-are on the Wu-ch'ang
side of the Yangtze, and it is here that the major effort of creating
a new industrial. complex is being effected. Wu-ch'ang also is the
provincial administrative center and contains Wu-han University and
many new scientific and. industrial institutes. In Hankowj the largest
of the trieities, are located a new light industrial area, many older
plants of only moderate importance, PQL storages and a whole host of
amalgamated cooperatives. Hankow is the principal commercial center
and contains a number of military headquarters. Han-yang is a center
for production of construction materials and has an important new
industrial port area.
* Some new plants are located in the suburbs beyond Hankow, Han.-yang,
and Wu-ch'ang proper but for purposes of this publication are assigned
to the nearest major subdivision of Wu-han.
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B. Construction Activity
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numerous sites in Wu-han were actively under con-
struction. In contrast, photography taken in re-
vealed construction activity to be virtually nonexistent. Photography
thus positively indicates that the pace of construction slowed markedly
between and, by interpretation of the evidence it is
probable that most construction activity ceased between
By - a number of installations, some of which were
25X1 D Soviet aid projects, had been recently finished or were nearing com-
pletion in Wu-han. Among these were the Heavy Machine Tool Plant,
the Wu-han Boiler Plant, the Railroad Car Manufacturing Plant, the
Ching Shan Cement Plant, and a meat-processing factory. At the Wu-han
Iron and Steel Plant, some units, such as two coke batteries and the
first blast furnace, already had been completed. In addition, ground
had been broken and foundations laid for many more plants that together
with those completed would form the base of the new industrial complex
in the Wu-ch'ang part of Wu-han. These included among others the
Forging Equipment Plant, the Electrical Equipment Plant, the Bearing
Plant, a new textile mill, and the Automobile Plant.~-
25X1 D From analysis of the comparative photography, it is clear
25X1fl that a considerable volume of construction was completed after _
_ but this volume is far less than would be expected if the level
25X1 D of activity - had continued through until ~ On the assump-
25X1 D tion that, in general, the level of construction in -continued
25X1 D up until the time of the near cessation of construction, it is esti-
mated that work proceeded for a period of from 9 months to 1 year,
25X1 D Thus it is believed that, except for a few projects construction
25X1 D a=ity in Wu-han dropped very sharply between
Some activity probably continued at the Wu-han Iron and Steel
Plant and the Machine Building Plant (Installation 15, Appendix A).
The city-wide drop in construction activity apparently preceded the
25X1 D departure of Soviet technicians from China later in the summer of
It
25X1 D
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was not possible to ascertain whether such slackened
activity occurred at Soviet aid .projects in Wu-han as early as the
As might be expected, evidence suggests that priorities were
assigned to various construction projects. The Forging Equipment
Plant and Factory B (Installation ~+, Appendix A) a arentl we e at
the same stage of construction in the
~ For the status of these and other projects in - as well as
in see Appendix A.
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much larger Forging Equipment Plant had progressed considerably further.
Both of these facilities hai a higher priority than the Wu-ch'ang ?~ail-
road Station, Factory A (Installation 3, function unknown, and the
important Industrial Railroad Spur (Installation 16), where no progress
was noted between 1959 and 1962. Although no clear pattern of priori-
ties was readily recognizable from the sample given in Appendix A, it
appears that factories with medium to heavy machine building character-
istics were favored.
The only construction progress noted at all in the period
was at the Forging Equipment Plant. As noted ~.bove,
this period of relative ina.etivity is believed to have extended back
through
25X1 D
Examination of construction materials enterprises in Wu-han
confirms the low level of f~ctivity in the construction effort in -
Of 15 brick plants observed, only 2 appeared to be operative, the
precast concrete plant laol;ed inactive, and the new cement plant in
Wu-ch'ang was not in opera~~ion. The Railroad Tie Treating Plant in
25X1 D Han-yang, a Soviet aid project and the largest tie-treating facility
in China, afforded the bes~ "before" and "after" comparison of any
installation in Wu-han. - an extensive supply of untreated
ties awaiting processing w:~s visible, with relatively few treated
25X1 D ties in evidence. This situation contrasts sharply with the photo-
graphy of in which there are no untreated ties
but extensive stores of treated ties, pointi to a high Level of
railroad maintenance and construction in and an extremely low
25X1 D level in
C. Industrial. Activity
25X1 D The level of industrial activity in the city of Wu-han in
25X1 D _ was much lower than in - Generally, installed capacity
was being utilized at a rate no higher than and probably below one-
25X1 D third of the available eal~acity. ~ a volume of capital invest-
d
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went exceeding 1 billion y-uan was tie ug in idle capacity an con-
struction projects in the Wu-han area. This situation apparently
has existed for about 2 years.
Two major problem~~ confronted the attempt to assess the level
of industrial activity in Wu-han. In varying degrees these same
obstacles would be encountered in studies of other Chinese industrial
centers for which photogrFiphy is available. First and foremost was
the problem of estimating activity at machine building plants from
~ Far the level of industrial activity in see
Appendix B.
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aerial photography in the absence of ground data. The second problem
was one of correlating aerial observations with ground information
received from refugees and Chinese Communist news media.
The problem of estimating the level of production from aerial
observations of machine building plants was considerably more difficult
than in the processing industries, where visible stocks of raw materials
and other outdoor operations sometimes provided clues to the degree of
activity. Industry in Wu-han is, with some exceptions, primarily of
a one-time" observation, none of these indicators is very reliable.
When information other than aerial photography was available,
even though generally guite poor, it was helpful, However, the attempt
to correlate the two often culminated in the following impasse. Where
the aerial photography clearly revealed the presence and location of an
installation, the ground data were too meager or not recent enough to
identify the facility or name its products. Conversely, where Chinese
news media spoke of a certain plant praducing a particular product, it
was not possible to locate the factory and determine whether it was one
of the installations unidentified in the aerial photography.
The inability to correlate all available air and ground infor-
mation resulted in a list of plants visible from the air and, therefore,
located, but with function unknown, and another list of producing
plants whose product was known but whose location was not, A11 plants
or installations in Wu-han viewed from the air and judged to be impor-
tant, whether the name or function of the facility was known or not,
are shown in Appendix B. The residue, or list of producing plants
generated from ground data that could not be correlated with installa-
tions in Appendix B, is as follows; Asbestos Plant, Cast Iron Pipe
Plant, Crane Plant, Electric Battery Works, Electrolytic Aluminum
Plant, Glass Works, Insecticide Plant, Powder Metallurgy Works,~and
Synthetic Ammonia Plant, Although larger than cooperatives, which have
been excluded as far as is known, none of these plants is believed to
be a major production facility.
The degree of production activity in Wu-han in - was
difficult to assess from aerial photography, except in a few instances,
because of the poorer guality of the film and some cloud cover over
the city, The photography does show considerable activity at the Rail-
road Tie Treating Plant, the Military Motor Vehicle Repair Facility,
~ For a discussion of problems of indicators and the degree of confi-
dence that can be placed on them, see Appendix C,
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three Han-yang Brick Plants, and the Chiang-an Railroad Repair Shops.
Ground information in 1959 was relatively good compared with that in
1962 and indicated a very Yagh level of production activity generally.
Construction activity and operations in the construction materials
industry also were at high levels in
In ascertaining the level of industrial production in Wu-raan
in a detailed faxamination was made of each installation
of significance. A sw~?nax?v~ of the determination made for each plant
is set forth in Appendix B. Only rarely was it possible to state
with any assurance that a i'acility had a certain capacity and that
such capacity was being used at a particular rate. In many cases,
however, it was passible to state that a certain plant was or was
not operative, was Daly sl_i.ghtly active, or was very active, As the
sample of installations grew, the reliability of the aver-all evalu-
ation of the level of industrial activity rose commensurately.
A look at Appendix B clearly suggests a relatively low rave
of production in While signs of some activity were seen
at the Wu-han Iron and Steel Plant, the Heavy Machine Toal Plant,
the Ching Shan Power Stati~~n, the Wu-chang Shipyard, the-Railroad
Car Manufacturing Plant, a~~d Chiang-an Railroad Repair Shops, no
evidence of production was noted at the Ching Shan Cement Plant,
the Wu-han Boiler Plant, t-ne Electrical Equipment Plant, the Bearing
Plant, the Automobile Plant, the Steel Fabricating Shop, the Railroad
Tie Treating Plant, the Tun-kou Paper Mill., and the Thermal Electric
Powerplant at Hankow, Because most estimates of the level of activity
at each plant were qualitative, however, it was not possible to evolve
a methodology yielding a definite answer in terms of percentage of
capacity operated. Moreover, ground information revealed that some
factories, in an effort to maintain their staffs, were producing items
other than those originally intended. The problem was further com-
pounded by having a number of projects in the construction stage and
capable of only partial production. Instead of a quantitative esti-
mate, an intuitive appraisal was made, which placed the level of
industrial activity at crate no higher than and probably somewhat
below one-third of the industrial capacity installed in Wu-han in 1962.
~ See- B, p. 5, above.
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marked contrast to that in China. In Wu-han, in one count of 8~+ smoke-
stacks only 4 were found emitting smoke (for the reliability of smoke
as an indicator, see Appendix C) and this was in _ when many plants
generating steam for heat alone should still have been active.
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A further indication of the level of activity in the Wu-han
area was given by the status of the two principal electric power sta-
tions there (Installations 12 and 31 in Appendix B). In
the 32-megawatt (mw) station in Hankow was shut down, and the 162-mw
unit near the steel plant was estimated to be operating at a daily,
24-hour rate equivalent to 53 percent of capacity. On the basis of
known additions to generating ca acit and the data above, an estimate
of power consumed by industry in was made. The analysis
showed that, excludin iron and steel plant operations, industry in
the Wu-han area in ~ utilized less than ~+0 percent of the power
consumed by industry in _
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25X1 D
An examination of the photography taken in - showed 25X1 D
little if any change in the level of activity observed in
~ See CIA. RR EM 63-3, Level of Activity in the Electric Rower Industry
of Communist China in 19 2, March 19 3, S NO FOREIGN DISSEM.
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APPENDIX A
STATUS OF SELECTED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN WU-HAN
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1. (Probable) Textile Mi11,
Wu-ch'ang
2. Railroad Car Manufacturing Plant,
Wu-ch'ang
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Ground cleared with some footings
in place
No. 1 Shop, partly roofed; No. 2
Shop, columns and trusses in
place; No. 3 Shop, roofed;
No. 4 Shop, some girders and
trusses in place, remainder on
ground; plant has many smaller
buildings
3.
Factory A (purpose unknown),
Two completed buildings; third
Wu-ch'ang
and largest building has columns
in place with girders and
trusses lying on the ground
~+.
Factory B (purpose unknown),
Clearing and grading in progress
Wu-ch'ang
5.
(Probable) Forging Equipment
Clearing and grading in progress
Plant, Wu-ch'ang
6.
Heavy Machine Tool Plant,
Twelve major buildings under
Wu-ch'ang
roof
Production building ,complete; office
unfinished; two ancillary buildings
No. 1 Shop, finished; No. 2 Shop,
no change from No. 3
Shop, finished; No. ~+ Shop, t50 per-
cent roofed, girders still lying
on the ground for the last two bays
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No change from girders
and trusses for third building
still in identical position
Building with six bays under con-
struction; two bays under roof
Main production building nearly
complete with one bay possibly
still under construction; nine
ancillary buildings visible,
of which seven are roofed
One new building added -
trusses and girders lying on
ground for another major addition.
Some smaller buildings have been
torn d wn and new ones erected
since
Since- the
eighth ancillary build-
ing has had a roof added
No change from -
work on the additional
new building had been
halted for some time be-
fore ~
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7. Factory C (purpose unknown),
Wu-ch'sng
10. Wu-hen Iron and 5tee1 Plant,
Wu-ch'eng
11, (Probable) Electrical Equips
..,
12. (Fbssible) Bearing Plant,
Wu-ch"ang
13, Factory D (purpose unknown),
Wu-ch'ang
1~. Factory E (purpose unknown),
Wu-ch'ang
15. Machine Building Plant
(product unknown), Wtr-ch'ang
Construction apparently not
started
Tracke and platforms operational;
walls of station in place
The coal preparation plant, two
coke batteries, one blast fur-
nace, and part of the refrac-
tory plant complete; foundations
and steelwork were in place for
much of the open-hearth shop and
some rolling mills
Two main production buildings
1nfe, +L.~v-.A- Fgo ~P1~~o1w.~A
roof; footings visible for major
addition to one production unit;
three ancillary buildings under
construction
Three production unite roofed;
fourth partly roofed; several
ancillary units under construc-
tion
Three major buildings complete;
two of three bays roofed on
fourth unit; three smaller
buildings in foundation stage
Two large and four small unite
complete; one large building
under construction
"Green field" site; no clear-
ing; started
55na11 rail-served industrial complex No change from
completed
Two more coke batteries, two blast No change noted from -
furnaces the sinter plant five but ground infor-
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open-hearth furnaces, soaking pits, motion indicates that 2 5X 1 D
and two or three rolls mills some slight progress may
completed since n have been made
Three main units complete; footings No change from
4n.+ orlA l+in_ in og_,ws ato t~?c 2c ~n
- three ancillary units com-
Pleat apparently complete No change from
Plant apparently complete No change from
Pleat apparently complete No change from
Four large and four small produc- No change from
tion buildings complete; heat
plant complete; office walla only
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16.
Industrial Railroad Spur,
Wu-ch'ang
18.
(Possible) Internal Combustion
Engine Factory, Wu-ch'ang
19.
Wu-ch'ang Shipyard, Wu-ch'ang
20.
Ching-shan Shipyard, Wu-ch'ang
21.
(Probable) Steel Fabricating
Shop, Han-yang
22.
New Port Area, Han-yang
23. Ferrous or Nonferrous Pro-
cessing Plant, Han-yang
24. Railroad Yard, Hankow
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Grading for long rail spur off
mainline to serve Installations
11-15, largely complete; pos-
sibly some track laid
First production buildings in
foundation stage (from ground
data)
Yard basically complete in -
In foundation stage with girders
lying on ground; rail spur under
construction
Long rail spur under construction;
construction of new buildings at
port not started; foundation of
one wing of unusual, large, raw
materials storage building
visible
About one-half to two-thirds
complete
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No change from ~ spur re- No change from
mains unfinished
Several main production buildings No change from
under roof but probably not com-
plete; other major units have
columns up with trusses lying on
ground
Status of construction parallels No change from
that of Automobile Plant
Modest expansion of fabricating No change from
shops and slips at east end of
yard
Shipways apparently complete; some
columns in place for several pos-
sible fabricating shops
Isnnediate port area complete and No change from
rail-served; one wing of raw
materials storage building com-
plete and an estimated 15 per-
cent of other wing complete
Main production facilities essenti- No change from
ally complete; services still being
expanded
Completed No change from
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25.
Machine Building Plant A
Not ooservable
(Product un]mown), Hankow
26.
Factory F (purpose unknown),
Not observable
Hankow
27.
Warehouse and Storage Area,
Construction in progress; degree
HasllfloM
of completion indeterminate
28.
Machine Building Plant B
Foundation, end wall, and four
(Product unknown), gankow
_11F_
Heavy precast concrete construction;
heavy craneways visible; some
buildings complete, others still
under construction
Walls only No change from
Essentially complete No change from
in building and rail spur essenti- No change f
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S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX B
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1, (Probable) Textile Mill, Wu-ch'ang
2. Railroad Car Manufacturing Flant,
Wu-ch'ang
3. (Probable) Forging Equipment Plant,
Wu-ch'ang
4. Heavy Machine Tool Plant, Wu-ch'ang
5. Chen-huan Cotton Textile Mill,
Wu-ch'ang
6. Powerplant, Wu-ch'ang
7. Hu-pei No. 1 Cotton Mill, Wu-ch'ang
8. Military Motor Vehicle Repair Facility,
Wu-ch'ang
9. Factory C (purpose unknown),
Wu-ch'ang
Production building complete; not known whether all
equipment is installed, but doubtful
Plant is active and probably engaged in Before current expansion, plant produced 700 and possibly
repair and maintenance work; little if more freight cars per year; expansion nearly complete;
any production of new equipment status of equipment in new buildings unimown
Has one stack, no smoke; absence of rail spur into plant
area makes it doubtful that capacity would be in use as
designed; plant has received priority in construction
and is 90 percent completed
Some modest activity probable; at most, Has 8 to 10 stacks includi , no smoke; although
output would be only one-third to one- plant was visited in ~i accounts of the 2 5X 1 D
half that in - scale of output are very poor other than the report
that the plant is being opera';ed well below capacity
A large, sprawling, obsolete mill whose facilities are
now used for training purposes
A small power station of less than 5-megawatt (mw)
capacity; one stack with heavy smoke
Probably in operation but producing Three stacks including powerhouse, no smoke; excellent
very little cotton cloth re ort st t th
a es
t
p
a
in - all textile plants
in Wu-han were shut down owing to the lack of raw
materials; probable d;,re works connected with plant
Many trucks in the courtyards of this one-time arsenal;
change in disposition of trucks between March and
Some activity possible of unknown type One stack; no smoke, probably never has smoked; piles
- 15 -
of material alon rail s ur do not appear to have
changed during
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11. Ching Shan Cement Plant, flu-ch'sng
12. Ching Shan Power Station, Wu-eh'ang
13, 1iu-hen Iron and Steel Plant,
Wu-ch' sag
15? (provable) Electrical Equipment Plant,
Wu-ch'an8
16. (Possible) Bearing Plant, Wu-ch`ang
17. Factory D (Purppae uahaown),
Wu-ch'ang
18. Factory E (purpose unlmown),
Nu-ch'sng
19? Machine Building Plant (product
unknown), Nu-ch'ang
Several barges and perhaps one ship on
ways, probably undergoing repairs
Not in operation
Estimated to be operating at a daily
rate equivalent to about 53 percent
of capacity
Some coke sad pig iron being produced
and possibly a little crude steel; no
rolled products believed to be produced
Probably produces limited quantities of
agricultural or chemical equipment; re-
pairs boilers but probably does not
produce them, although it has done so
in the past
Repairs steam turbines, generators,
e~lternating current motors, trans-
formers, and other equipment; although
plant has produced new equipment, it
probably does not now do so
No evidence of production
Only slightest evidence of production
Possibly some production
Not producing trucks in
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This 300,000-metric-ton plant has operated in the past
162-mw thermal electric power atation~ Soviet aid ro,Ject
which west into partial operation in~
Planned capacity, 3 million tone of crude steel, of six
o en hearths, never more than two have operated, and in
none appeared to be operative;
capacity completed thus far has never been used at a
rate in excess of 30 Percent
Five large stacks, ao smoke; no railroad care in plant
area; started limited production in Lth server of _
was turned over to the state on~
Three stacks, no smoke; continued failure to complete
the rail spur precludes the use of thie facility for
production of heavy turbines, generators, and trans-
formers ea designed
Several trucks only evidence of activity; same bearings
were produced in the fall of_ when the capacity
of the plant was stated to be 30,000 bearings a month
Two stacks, no smoke; no vehicles in area; rail spur to
factory incomplete
Three stacks, no smoke; materials storage indicates possi-
bility of production; no vehicles
Two stacks, no smoke; rail spur incomplete; construction
of all but one building complete
Six stacks, no eamoke, although at least one stack has
been used in past; design capacity of completed ant
to be 5G, 000 vehicles; produced ?5 `..n:eke ir. ~h,at
not known to have produced since
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21. (Possible Internal Combustion Engine Possibly some production of spare parts Production facilities still under construction
Factory, Wu-ch'ang
22, Wu-ch'ang Shipyard, Wu-ch'ang Shipyard is active but operating well
below its potential
25. (Probable} Steel Fabricating Shop, Inactive
Han-yang
Two of the 14 brick plants in Han-yang
and its suburbs appear to be active
29, Ferrous or Nonferrous Processing Some activity
Plant, Han-yang
Yard has built W-class submarines; submarine in the river 2 5X 1 D
in identical position in
Rail-served area has 22 warehouses, each about 45 x 180 2 5X 1 D
feet? some chan e in outdoor storage piles noted between
In contrast to_ when many untreated ties lay about
awaiting treatment, no untreated material was visible
in either no smoke from tie-treating
plant
Railroad cars were seen in different positions in-
and - the whole New ibrt Area was constructed
and brought into operation between
One large stack, no smoke; mill was finished ir~ and
has produced newsprint and "straw" paper
Of 14 or more stacks, 2 possibly were smoked? large
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storage areas of finished brick visible with no changes 2 5X 1 D
noted between
Four large stacks, one smoking; plant still being ex-
panded by filling in lake; the purpose of this instal-
lation not clear
No photography or ground evidence to suggest the level
of operatior. of this mill; it was producing in_
A 32-mw thermal electric station with two large stacks,
no smoke, coal storage low; no evidence of cooling
water being returned to the Han River
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32, Shen-hsien Textile Flant, Hsnkow Significantly less than in _ - the plant was forced to give one of two large
mill buildings to aeighbori lent; thus production
would be much less than in n
33. Automobile Parts Manufacturing Plant, Indeterminate Took over rtion of the neighboring Shen-hsiea Textile
Hankow Mill in~flxnction was to be transferred to the
Automobile Plant in - no evldence exists as to
whether transfer wee made
3li. Wu-hen Chemical Materials Factory, Probably in normal production statue This factory, which primarily produces alcohol, had a
$ankow line of small white trucks or wagons at its doors in
botch
35, Factory F (purpose unknown), Hankov Some activity Two stacks, one smoking; 12 large and many smaller
buildings of mixed type
Little if any production except at This area contains a pharmaceutical plant, a dye works,
aharmaceutical plant apaint-manufacturing pleat, a glass bottle producer,
and several others; some units appear to be complete,
others are still under construction, Ares contains
at least seven stacks, no smoke
37. Chiang-ea Railroad Repair Shops, Producing freight car components, in- Msx~y railroad care in and around shops
Hankou eluding wheels for the Mu-ch'ang
Railroad Car Plant
38. Factory G (purpose unknown), YPot believed to be is operation At the end of the new rail spur; the heavy type of
Hankow construction indicates eachine building operatioae
- 18
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