CHINA'S MERCHANT FLEET EXPANSION SINCE 1971

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Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4
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RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
S
Document Page Count: 
37
Document Creation Date: 
November 16, 2016
Document Release Date: 
February 28, 2000
Sequence Number: 
1
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
June 1, 1975
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4.pdf1.39 MB
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Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Secret No Foreign Dissem EL L IC~rNC ~Qv 9G~ rn w 6-TES of China's Merchant Fleet Expansion Since 1971 Secret ER RP 75-16 June 1975 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T01098A00050OQ7A%1-44 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions Classified by 015319 Exempt from general declassification schedule of E.O. 11652, exemption category: 65B(1), (2), and (3) Automatically declassified on: Date Impossible to Determine Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/ Fo e, P, 79TO1098A000500070001-4 CHINA'S MERCHANT FLEET EXPANSION SINCE 1971 1. China's international merchant fleet is growing rapidly. Since the end of 1971 it has acquired more than 2 million deadweight tons (DWT), enabling the PRC to carry a larger portion of its foreign trade and reduce chartering costs. Acquisitions have included the international fleet's first tankers and bulk carriers, accounting for 50% of the new tonnage acquired. 2. Ocean shipping tonnage now exceeds 6 million DWT. The international fleet and its joint stock companies control about 2.9 million DWT, while China's Hong Kong fleet owns another 1.4 million DWT. The coastal fleet manages the remaining 2.1 million DWT. 3. China is cautiously moving into new shipping technologies. Containerization began with a limited China-Japan service in 1973 and expanded with an additional service to the United States and Western Europe from Hong Kong in 1974. Three major PRC ports now are being equipped for handling containers. 4. The share of PRC trade carried by Chinese ships increased from less than 10% before 1972 to about one-third in 1974. In addition, the acquisition of substantial tanker and bulk carrier tonnage has allowed the fleet to carry a larger portion of China's growing petroleum exports as well as grain, ore, and fertilizer. The international fleet should approach 4 million DWT by the end of the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1971-75), with tankers and. bulk carriers accounting for more than one-third of the total. The role of the Hong Kong fleet will decline as the international fleet expands and international restrictions on Chinese-flag ships are eased. 25X1A Note: Comments and queries regarding this publication are welcomed. They may be directed to of the Office of Economic Research, Code 143, Extension 7931. Approved For Release 2000/05/15: QU6RDP79T01098A00050007A,001 4 Approved For Release 2000/05/1 elcttIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 5. China's international merchant fleet is expanding rapidly. Since the end of 1971 it has added over 2 million DWT at a cost of $700-$800 million. Acquisitions have included the fleet's first tankers* and bulk carriers, amounting to more than one million DWT, or 50% of the tonnage acquired during this period. 6. The international fleet was formed in 1961 with two freighters transferred from domestic service and one passenger ship acquired abroad. Fleet growth was steady during the next decade, with the greatest expansion during 1964-67, when net additions totaled about 300,000 DWT, and in 1970, when 200,000 DWT entered the fleet. By the end of 1971 the international fleet had reached more than 800,000 DWT. 7. Acquisitions accelerated in 1972, reaching 276,000 DWT, more than twice the tonnage acquired in 1971. Purchases continued in 1973 as another 556,000 DWT entered the fleet. In 1974, new tonnage exceeded by 60% the total added in the previous two years as about 1.4 million DWT was purchased for the international fleet. International fleet acquisitions during this period are listed in Table 1. Rationale of Chinese Fleet Expansion 8. The Chinese are expanding their international fleet to carry a greater share of their growing foreign trade and to cut chartering costs. Before 1972, the fleet carried slightly less than one-fourth of the total in 1973 and about one-third of trade in 1974. However, as the fleet expands, severe shortages of skilled officers and crews are becoming evident. 9. China is still a major world charterer and a leading client in the London chartering market, with chartering costs exceeding $500 million, or approximately No of China's import bill in 1974. During early 1975, however, a shortage of foreign exchange curtailed some of this activity. The fleet's recent growth and the change in its composition is allowing Chinese ships to carry cargoes, particularly petroleum and bulk products, previously carried on chartered ships. * The international fleet operated a tanker, Hong Hu, between 1966 and 1972. The Ta-Ch'ing 29, a domestic-fleet tanker, sailed to North Korea under international fleet registry in 1972 and early 1973. 2 Approved For Release 2000/05/1 ?et,,f lA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Table 1 Total 2,182.9 275.6 109.2 166.4 556.2 159.5 396.7 1,351.1 332.9 1,018.2 Non-Communist 1,849.4 207.8 41.4 166.4 495.0 98.3 396.7 1,146.6 128.4 1,018.2 Sweden 578.8 .... .... .... 107.1 .... 107.1 471.7 .... 471.7 West Germany 321.9 58.9 .... 58.9 32.0 .... 32.0 231.0 30.4 200.6 Yugoslavia 165.3 27.0 27.0 .... 69.2 69.2 .... 69.1 69.1 .... Netherlands 144.8 31.3 .... 31.3 87.7 .... 87,7 25.8 .... 25.8 United Kingdom 134.0 26.0 .... 26.0 71.0 .... 71.0 37.0 .... 37.0 Belgium 118.2 .... .... .... .... .... .... 118.2 .... 118.2 Finland 107.9 64.6 14.4 50.2 29.0 14.6 14.4 14.3 14.3 .... Norway 85.3 .... .... .... 31.8 .... 31.8 53,5 .... 53.5 Japan 83.4 .... .... .... 29.7 14.5 15.2 53.7 14.6 39.1 Denmark 50.4 .... .... .... .... 50.4 .... 50.4 France 46.9 .... .... .... 25.0 .... 25.0 21.9 .... 21.9 Italy 12.5 .... .... .... 12.5 .... 12.5 .... .... Communist 333.5 67.8 67.8 .... 61.2 61.2 .... 204.5 204.5 .... China 236.0 53.2 53.2 .... 42.6 42.6 .... 140.2 140.2 East Germany 68.8 .... .... .... 13.9 13.9 .... 54.9 54.9 .... Poland 14.6 14.6 14.6 .... .... .... .... .... Romania 14.1 .... .... .... 4.7 4.7 .... 9.4 9.4 Fleet Profile 10. The composition of the international fleet shifted dramatically in 1974. At the end of 1973, general-purpose dry cargo ships accounted for 85% of the fleet. During 1974, purchases of tankers and bulk carriers totaled nearly 900,000 DWT, reducing the share of dry cargo freighters to 60% by the end of the year. Purchases in 1974 included 16 bulk carriers with a total capacity of 500,000 DWT and 7 tankers with a capacity of over 400,000 DWT. With the addition of four more tankers in early 1975, the international fleet's petroleum-carrying capacity exceeds 600,000 DWT. This will allow the PRC to carry as much as one-third of 1975's estimated petroleum exports of 8 million tons to Japan. Chinese purchases, by ship type, are reflected in Table 2, and fleet composition at the end of 1973 and 1974 is shown in Table 3. (For a listing of international fleet ships, see Appendix A.) 11. As the international fleet has expanded, it has improved in size and age. With the addition of the larger bulk carriers and tankers, average size reached 16,000 DWT at the end of 1974, about the world average and a 40% increase since 1971. Average age decreased to about eight years. This trend should continue as larger, more modern vessels are purchased. 3 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: dFA2RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Chinese International Fleet Acquisitions, by Ship Type Type of Ship Number of Ships Thousand Deadweight Tons Number of Ships Thousand Deadweight Tons Number of Ships Thousand Deadweight Tons Total 22 275.6 37 556.2 61 1,351.1 Dry cargo 22 275.6 27 342.2 37 436.6 Bulk carrier .... .... 9 211.0 16 500.5 Tanker .... .... .... .... 7 402.2 Passenger/cargo .... .... 1 3.0 1 11.8 Chinese International Fleet Composition, by Ship Type Number of Ships Thousand Deadweight Tons Percent of Fleet Type of Ship 1973 1974 1973 1974 1973 1974 Total 117 178 1,522.7 2,873.8 100 100 Dry cargo 105 142 1,296.3 1,732.9 85 60 Bulk carrier 9 25 211.0 711.5 14 25 Tanker .... 7 .... 402.2 .... 14 Passenger/cargo 3 4 15.4 27.2 1 1 China's Merchant Marine Assets 12. The Ministry of Communications controls most of China's transportation resources, including those involved in international trade. Two bureaus subordinate to the ministry manage ocean shipping. The Sea Transport Bureau controls Chinese vessels moving in coastal trade, and the Ocean Shipping Bureau directs ships in international trade. Under the latter, the China Ocean Shipping Company (COSCO) operates the international fleet, except for ships assigned to joint stock companies Approved For Release 2000/0546er CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 and controlled by the offices of the companies directly attached to the Ocean Shipping Bureau. A department of COSCO (Coschard) also charters Chinese-controlled Hong Kong ships. The China National Charter Corporation (Zhongzu), also subordinate to the Ocean Shipping Bureau, manages all other Chinese chartering of foreign vessels and schedules foreign liner services in the China trade. 13. COSCO, headquartered in Peking, maintains branches in Canton, Shanghai, and Tientsin. As of 31 December 1974, the Canton Branch, COSCO's largest unit, controlled 76 ships; the Shanghai Branch, 58; and the Tientsin Branch, 37. Hong Kong-Based Ships 14. In addition to its expanding international fleet, China controls two Hong Kong shipping firms, Yick Fung Shipping and Enterprises, Ltd., and Ocean Tramping Co., Ltd. By the end of 1974, these firms owned 121 ships totaling more than 1.4 million DWT that were registered for the most part under the Somali flag (see Appendix B). On long-term charter to China, these ships provide Peking with greater flexibility in international trade, permitting entry to ports and trades that are prohibited to Chinese-flag vessels. This arrangement also involves smaller expenditures of hard currency than the chartering of foreign ships. 15. The two companies purchased 1.2 million DWT during 1972-74, some of which was transferred directly to the Chinese international fleet. The combined Hong Kong and Chinese international fleets amounted to 4.3 million DWT at the end of 1974. Joint Stock Shipping Companies 16. Seven ships in China's international fleet are assigned to three joint stock shipping companies established with Poland, Albania, and Tanzania. These vessels are controlled by joint stock company offices attached to the Ministry of Communications through the Canton Branch of COSCO. The Chinese-Polish company, Chipolbrok, is the largest of the three, operating an inventory of 6 Chinese and 14 Polish freighters. These ships operate mainly between China and Europe, with occasional calls in North Vietnam and Africa. The Chinese-Albanian venture, Chalship, operates three ships, all under the Albanian flag. One of the ships, the International, is Chinese-controlled and Chinese-manned. Vessels assigned Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : WA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 to Chalship travel primarily between Albania and China. The Chinese-Tanzanian company, Sinotaship, operates three ships - one Chinese and two under Tanzanian registry. These ships move between China, Tanzania, and Europe. 17. The Sri Lanka Shipping Corporation, Ltd., was established in a joint shipping service agreement between China and Sri Lanka in April 1972. Under the agreement, Peking purchased two ships for the corporation and provided financial assistance to Sri Lanka to obtain two additional ships. The corporation now owns eight ships, all under the Sri Lanka flag. These ships operate from Sri Lanka to China, the Persian Gulf, and Western Europe. China provides liberal financial aid to purchase ships and supplies attractive insurance coverage. 18. Peking's coastal fleet, which represents about one-third of China's overall merchant fleet, operates almost exclusively in Chinese and nearby waters. Controlled by the Sea Transport Bureau, this fleet consisted of 285 vessels totaling 2.1 million DWT at the end of 1974. General cargo ships, mostly in the 1,000-15,000 DWT range, account for more than 60% of the fleet's tonnage, while tankers of up to 25,000 DWT represent one-third of the tonnage. The remainder are passenger/cargo and passenger ships. The coastal fleet carries all of China's internal seaborne trade, except for a small amount between North and South China that moves on ships of the Hong Kong fleet. In addition, it carries nearly two-thirds of China's seaborne trade with North Vietnam and a large share of the China-Hong Kong trade. 19. The coastal fleet is divided into North and South China components. The North China fleet, which controlled 189 ships at the end of 1974, operates in the area from Wenchou to the North Korean border. The smaller South China fleet operates 86 ships in the region between Shan-t'ou and southern North Vietnam. The coastal fleet also controls 10 small tankers that operate exclusively on the Yangtze River. Application of Intermodal Shipping Technology 20. China is cautiously approaching new shipping technologies. Containerization, LASH (lighter-aboard-ship), and Ro/Ro (roll-on/roll-off) intermodal systems are capital-intensive technologies requiring large initial investments in specialized ships, equipment, and port facilities. China's abundance of unskilled labor is a ready substitute for these systems at a substantially lower Approved For Release 2000/05/$&rbtCIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: Cifr-1kDP79T01098A000500070001-4 cost. The efficiencies of these new technologies, however, are becoming more attractive as PRC foreign trade expands. As a result, the Chinese have entered the initial stage of containerization and are actively exploring alternative intermodal systems. 21. Chinese containerization began with the establishment of a joint Sino-Japanese container service in September 1973. Under a preliminary agreement, a trial service was opened, with one sailing a month by a Japanese and one by a Chinese ship. In November 1973 the Yancheng, a conventional dry cargo vessel carrying 30 containers to Kobe, became the first Chinese ship to deliver containers abroad. Following the initial success of the trial service, two Japanese shipping companies agreed to expand their service to eight sailings a month during the last half of 1974. Vessels in this trade call at Yokohama, Osaka, and Kobe in Japan and at Tientsin and Shanghai in China. 22. In the summer of 1974, the Chinese began a limited container service to the United States and Western Europe from Hong Kong. Working with Danish Maersk Lines, cargoes are containerized in China and shipped by rail to Hong Kong, where they are loaded on Maersk Lines containerships. This service is scheduled to expand in 1975 when Chinese coastal vessels are to load containers at Chinese ports and deliver them to Hong Kong for transshipment. 23. The Chinese are equipping port facilities at Shanghai, Canton, and Tientsin for handling small numbers of containers. The installations at Canton and Tientsin - two of China's major ports - will use specialized container-handling equipment, some of it manufactured in Japan and the United States. By the end of 1978, two containership berths will be available at each of the three ports. 24. Ships of China's international fleet were used most heavily in the Japanese trade, followed closely by calls to Western Europe. In Western Europe, the Chinese fleet called most often at ports in the Netherlands, West Germany, and Italy -- important sources of machinery, equipment, and fertilizers for the Chinese economy. Chinese ships continued to call at East European ports, particularly in Albania and East Germany, but none has called at a Soviet port since 1966. 25. Bulk carrier and tanker acquisitions totaling more than one million DWT have allowed the international fleet to carry bulk commodities and petroleum in 7 Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CSJA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 ecret Approved For Release 2000/05?"- CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 China's trade for the first time. COSCO's bulk carriers have participated in the grain trade with Canada, Australia, Argentina, and Japan. So far, the rapidly growing tanker fleet has principally carried Chinese petroleum exports to Japan. This trade is expected to increase sharply in the next few years, offering added employment for China's tankers. Outlook 26. The international fleet will continue to expand, increasing China's share of the movement of its growing foreign trade. Fleet tonnage should approach 4 million DWT by the end of the Fourth Five-Year Plan. Domestic shipyards are expected to deliver over 200,000 DWT, and foreign purchases will add up to 1 million DWT. 27. The composition of the fleet will continue to shift toward bulk carriers and tankers. Althoug?Z acquisitions of general cargo ships will continue, more emphasis will be placed on additional bulk carriers for imports of grain, fertilizer, and other bulk commodities" The growth of the tanker fleet, however, will outshadow all other fleet acquisitions. The fleet acquired over 200,000 DWT of new tanker tonnage during the first four months of 1975, about 80% of the total tonnage added during this period. China is negotiating for additional tonnage in the 40,000-75,000-DWT range and is actively seeking larger (100,000-DWT) tankers. The growing importance of petroleum exports in China's foreign trade and balance-of-payments position assures additional tanker purchases through Peking's next five-year plan, beginning in 1976. 28. Somalia's cancellation of its flag of convenience in early 1975 may hasten the transfer of the Chinese-controlled Hong Kong fleet - currently registered under the Somali flag - to China's international fleet. A sudden absorption of an additional 1.4 million DWT, however, would worsen the international fleet's severe shortage of skilled officers and crews. As a result, the Chinese may allow Hong Kong Chinese or foreigners to sail under the PRC flag or transfer the Hong Kong fleet to other flags of convenience. 29. During early 1975, as China encountered foreign exchange shortages, some chartering activity was curtailed and new shipping contracts were being settled in Hong Kong dollars to employ Peking's substantial Hong Kong foreign exchange resources. The foreign exchange problem, however, did not seriously impede fleet expansion, as purchases during the first four months of 1975 approached $60 million. Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 ecret Approved For Release 2000/05/156 1A-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 PRC: SHIPS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MERCHANT FLEET AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1974 Built Ship Deadweight Tons Year Acquired Total (178 ships) 2,873,853 Tientsin Branch (37 ships) 627,252 Bao Shan 10,442 West Germany 1959 1974 Boating 13,851 Finland 1965 1972 Changting 14,605 Finland 1971 1972 Da Feng 13,000 China 1974 1974 Da Li 13,000 China 1972 1972 Da Xing 13,000 China 1974 1974 Da Ye 13,000 China 1972 1972 Dacheng 14,522 Japan 1973 1973 Darning 12,350 West Germany 1958 1970 Datian 14,522 Japan 1974 1974 Datong 12,352 West Germany 1959 1970 . Dunhuang 15,340 United Kingdom 1967 1967 Haifeng 12,530 East Germany 1969 1969 Hainen 12,430 East Germany 1968 1968 Hongmen 13,870 East Germany 1974 1974 Huating 14,434 Finland 1972 1973 Jian Hu 50,390 Denmark 1964 1974 Jiangmen 12,295 East Germany 1966 1966 Jiangting 14,500 Finland 1972 1972 Jin Hu 45,725 Sweden 1963 1974 Jinsha 15,340 United Kingdom 1967 1967 J iuj fang 15,663 France 1966 1966 Leting 13,893 Finland 1966 1972 Long Men 13,600 East Germany 1974 1974 Qimen 13,870 East Germany 1973 1973 Tian Men 13,600 East Germany 1974 1974 Xing Hai 30,525 West Germany 1961 1974 Xiu Shan N.A. N.A. N.A. 1974 Yanting 14,555 Finland 1973 1973 Yin Hu 58,555 Sweden 1965 1974 Yong Men 13,870 East Germany 1974 1974 Yu Hua 11,765 Netherlands 1958 1974 Yu Men 12,295 East Germany 1965 1965 Yu Ting 14,200 Finland 1974 1974 Yun Hai 33,700 Sweden 1963 1974 Yushan N.A. N.A. N.A. 1974 Zhenjiang 15,663 France 1966 1966 Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : 9CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/055,?e; CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Ship Deadweight Tons Year Acquired Shanghai Branch (58 ships) 799,755 Anting 14,326 Finland 1970 1971 Bei An 4,695 Romania 1974 1974 Bei Hai 23,000 West Germany 1963 1974 Bin Hai 33,001 Sweden 1963 1973 Chang An 4,500 Romania 1967 1967 Chao Yang 13,488 China 1967 1967 Chong Ming 14,000 Netherlands 1961 1974 Ding Hai 16,205 Sweden 1963 1973 Dong An 4,695 Romania 1974 1974 Dong Hai 28,360 United Kingdom 1965 1973 Dongfeng 13,488 China 1966 1966 Feng Bao 14,800 China 1974 1974 Feng Ge 14,800 China 1974 1974 Feng Lang 14,800 China 1974 1974 Feng Ming 14,800 China 1973 1973 Feng Qing 14,800 China 1974 1974 Feng Xiang 14,800 China 1974 1974 Feng Yang 14,800 China 1973 1973 Feng Yi 14,800 China 1974 1974 Feng Ying 14,800 China 1974 1974 Fengcheng 7,153 Poland 1971 1971 Fengguang 14,800 China 1971 1971 Fenglei 14,163 China 1970 1970 Han Chuan 14,000 Yugoslavia 1973 1973 Han Yin 15,184 West Germany 1970 1973 Hengshui 10,801 Netherlands 1961 1972 Hong Qi 15,952 China 1965 1965 Hau Yin 15,202 West Germany 1969 1974 Huai An 4,500 Romania 1967 1968 Huai Hai 26,331 West Germany 1962 1974 Huai Yin 14,050 West Germany 1959 1970 Jiande 12,530 Italy 1959 1973 Jiang An 4,695 Romania 1973 1973 Jiang Chuan 15,000 Yugoslavia 1973 1973 J iangcheng 14,555 Poland 1972 1972 Jiangyin 13,029 West Germany 1958 1970 Jinghai 19,710 United Kingdom 1968 1973 Kang Ding 13,770 Sweden 1956 1970 Li Yang 13,000 China 1973 1973 Nan Hui 13,301 Finland 1961 1970 Nanxiang 12,500 Sweden 1959 1970 Ping Yin 13,246 West Germany 1962 1974 Qingshui 11,160 Netherlands 1964 1972 Qingyang 13,000 China 1972 1972 Approved For Release 2000/05/1 So: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : t RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Deadweight Ship Tons Country Year Acquired Shan Yin 13,356 West Germany 1962 1974 Tang Yin 12,995 West Germany 1960 1974 Tian Shui 9,301 Netherlands 1963 1972 Tong Chuan 15,000 Yugoslavia 1974 1974 Tuan Jie 6,185 China 1964 1964 Wangting 14,326 Finland 1970 1971 Wei Hai 31,825 Norway 1964 1973 Xiang Yang 14,371 China 1969 1969 Yin An 4,500 Romania 1967 1967 Yancheng 7,153 Poland 1971 1971 Yin Chuan 13,500 Yugoslavia 1974 1974 Yiyang 14,145 China 1972 1972 Yu Quan 4,365 Sweden 1959 1973 Yue Yang 14,143 China 1970 1970 Canton Branch (76 ships) 1,349,347 An Hua 11,700 Sweden 1960 1973 Changde 12,770 Sweden 1964 1970 Changdu 8,189 Finland 1962 1971 Changhai 20,080 Norway 1964 1974 Changshu 12,490 Sweden 1958 1970 Chunlin 13,215 Yugoslavia 1973 1973 Cong Hua 13,005 Sweden 1962 1973 Daan 12,514 West Germany 1958 1972 Dade 12,623 West Germany 1962 1972 Danhai 24,800 United Kingdom 1963 1974 Daning 12,625 West Germany 1962 1971 Dapu 12,548 West Germany 1959 1971 Dedu 10,289 Sweden 1962 1973 Dong Ming 15,424 Netherlands 1964 1973 Dongshan 11,188 West Germany 1961 1972 Dunhua 12,430 Sweden 1961 1970 Fuhai 18,490 Netherlands 1963 1973 Gao Hu 74,480 Sweden 1966 1974 Guanghe 16,780 West Germany 1972 1973 Guangming 14,987 Netherlands 1965 1965 Guangshui 9,583 Netherlands 1959 1973 Guhai 47,750 Sweden 1968 1974 Haining 11,650 Poland 1969 1969 Hangzhou 10,020 East Germany 1958 1965 Hong Hu 52,525 Sweden 1965 1974 Huang Hai 22,140 West Germany 1961 1974 Hulin 13,500 Yugoslavia 1974 1974 Jiang Du 8,198 Finland 1962 1971 Jianhua 5,400 France 1951 1967 Approved For Release 2000/05/15 $etehA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05Pf5e! CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Ship Deadweight Tons Country Year Year Acquired Jianshui 9,606 Netherlands 1960 1973 Jining 11,803 Poland 1966 1966 Kai Ping 15,151 Japan 1961 1973 Kuang Hai 33,450 Norway 1965 1974 Kunming 15,424 Netherlands 1963 1973 Lan Hai 18,530 Sweden 1960 1973 Lanzhou 10,070 East Germany 1957 1965 Liaohai 26,739 Japan 1961 1974 Liao Yang 10,000 China 1974 1974 Liming 15,372 Sweden 1963 1965 Lishui 9,606 Netherlands 1960 1973 Long Hai 39,845 Belgium 1968 1974 Longlin 13,520 Yugoslavia 1974 1974 Lu Chun N.A. N.A. N.A. 1974 Meishan 11,472 West Germany 1959 1972 Ming Hai 38,440 Sweden 1967 1974 Minghua 3,000 France 1962 1973 Nan Ping 12,390 Japan 1964 1974 Ping Hai 39,450 Belgium 1967 1974 Ping Hu 46,045 Sweden 1964 1974 Qianjin 10,400 Poland 1965 1965 Qinghai 22,906 United Kingdom 1962 1973 Qingshan 11,072 West Germany 1960 1972 Qiong Hai 33,370 West Germany 1963 1974 Songlin 13,500 Yugoslavia 1973 1973 Tai Hu 74,480 Sweden 1965 1974 Tangshan 13,594 Sweden 1957 1966 Taolin 13,520 Yugoslavia 1974 1974 Tian Hai 38,990 Belgium 1965 1974 Tianlin 13,500 Yugoslavia 1972 1972 Wenshui 9,606 Netherlands 1959 1973 Wuxi 12,760 Yugoslavia 1958 1967 Xing Ming N.A. N.A. N.A. 1974 Xinghua 12,700 Sweden 1960 1970 Xingning 11,760 Poland 1966 1966 Xuchang 8,550 Finland 1954 1967 Yang Chun 12,250 United Kingdom 1963 1974 Yang Lin 13,520 Yugoslavia 1973 1973 Yaohua 7,000 France 1967 1967 Yichun 13,040 United Kingdom 1962 1972 Yidu 7,850 Finland 1962 1972 Yong Chun 12,975 United Kingdom 1963 1972 Yongning 11,763 Poland 1967 1967 Youhao 11,515 West Germany 1959 1964 Yulin 13,520 Yugoslavia 1972 1972 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15: C(r1DP79T01098A000500070001-4 Ship Deadweight Tons Country Year Acquired Zhenhai 21,900 France 1963 1974 Zhuhai 22,000 France 1964 1973 Joint stock companies (7 ships) 97,499 Asia Afrika 12,675 Sweden 1960 1967 Chang Xing 15,200 West Germany 1974 1974 Dexing 15,200 West Germany 1974 1974 Jiaxing 14,429 Denmark 1963 1970 Lufeng 12,530 East Germany 1970 1970 Taixing 14,935 Netherlands 1960 1971 Xinfeng 12,530 East Germany 1970 1970 13 Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : Q RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: RDP79TO1098AO00500070001-4 FLEET INVENTORY OF THE PRC-CONTROLLED YICK FUNG SHIPPING AND ENTERPRISES CO., AND OCEAN TRAMPING CO., LTD., 31 DECEMBER 1974 Deadweight Flag: Somalia (Except When Year Ship Tons Otherwise Indicated) Built Acquired Total (121 ships) 1,438,526 Yick Fung Shipping and Enterprises Co., Ltd. (54 ships) 783,539 Adriatic Sea 28,515 1964 1973 Aegean Sea 16,400 1962 1972 Arafura Sea 12,580 1958 1972 Arctic Ocean 12,692 United Kingdom 1956 1964 Atlantic Ocean 11,950 1962 1971 Azov Sea 15,408 1958 1973 Bali Sea 12,449 1960 1972 Baltic Sea 11,830 1959 1973 Banda Sea 12,393 1959 1972 Barents Sea 13,067 1961 1972 Beaufort Sea 24,375 United Kingdom 1961 1974 Bering Sea 9,565 1952 1972 Black Sea 11,830 1958 1972 Caspian Sea 15,944 1958 1972 Celebes Sea 10,322 1950 1972 Cheung Chau 11,850 United Kingdom 1956 1964 China Sea 24,840 1964 1972 Chukchi Sea 17,000 1958 1973 Coral Sea 16,400 1962 1972 Crete Sea 14,627 United Kingdom 1957 1974 Drake Sea 46,850 1966 1974 Eastern Lion 10,450 1952 1972 Fuchunkiang 13,073 1961 1971 Greenland Sea 12,500 1956 1973 Ionian Sea 13,200 1956 1973 Irish Sea 14,980 1957 1973 Java Sea 12,395 1957 1972 Kara Sea 10,200 1951 1972 Kinross 9,221 1949 1963 Koro Sea 19,620 1962 1972 Lin Shan 4,963 1970 1974 Mindanao Sea 13,404 1958 1973 Mirtoan Sea 14,040 1958 1973 Molucca Sea 12,980 1958 1973 15 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1 O98AOOO5OOO7OOO1-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05i1&t: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Deadweight Flag: Somalia (Except When Year Ship Tons Otherwise Indicated) Built Acquired Mu Shan 5,820 1971 1974 Nan Fung 9,102 1944 1968 New East Sea 13,330 1958 1967 New North Sea 14,775 1953 1972 Norwegian Sea 13,600 1962 1973 Red Sea 17,300 1957 1972 Ross Sea 12,460 1956 1971 Salton Sea 16,880 1958 1973 Sapphire 13,400 1957 1969 Shen Shan 4,963 1970 1974 Snow Lily 17,787 1950 1969 Starlight 10,568 1944 1969 Steed 13,080 United Kingdom 1956 1969 Sulu Sea 19,240 1961 1972 Tasman Sea 25,800 1962 1973 Venice 12,350 1958 1964 Weddell Sea 12,990 1961 1972 White Lily 17,000 1951 1972 White Sea 10,580 1955 1969 Zuider Sea 10,601 1954 1972 Ocean Tramping Co., Ltd. (67 ships) 654,987 Aihua 7,755 1955 1974 Aimin 7,859 1955 1974 Anyi 12,725 1969 1974 Atlantic Star 5,610 1948 1964 Bailu 5,250 1966 1972 Baima 12,454 1958 1972 Baining 8,400 1955 1973 Baipao 12,651 1959 1973 Baisiung 12,671 1958 1973 Baiyen 8,401 1955 1972 Baodi 4,400 1957 1973 Bibo 13,965 1959 1974 Bihua 10,326 United Kingdom 1956 1972 Chinshakiang 27,930 1960 1971 Chinsing 7,625 1959 1971 Eastglory 12,775 1959 1967 Feichi 6,956 1959 1972 Feihang 12,501 1957 1972 Feita 12,501 1957 1972 Feiyueh 6,958 1959 1972 Gaopeng 9,200 1956 1972 Approved For Release 2000/05/19: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : ~1 RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 Flag: Somalia Deadweight (Except When Year Ship Tons Otherwise Indicated) Built Acquired Gaoyan 12,440 1958 1973 Hemisphere 12,730 1957 1963 Hengshan 5,790 1960 1971 Hungmien 9,150 1956 1972 Hungsia 9,140 1955 1973 Jollity 12,530 1958 1964 Kaigo 9,170 1957 1972 Kailok 9,170 1958 1973 Kaiyun 9,170 1957 1973 Laoshan 15,970 1957 1969 Lingnan 4,805 1968 1973 Luhuan 4,450 1969 1973 Maijin 11,490 1957 1973 Meiki 8,021 1955 1972 Meiru 8,021 1955 1972 Minai 6,619 1957 1972 Minfung 10,290 1956 1972 Mingchang 9,276 1957 1972 Mingwei 10,413 1957 1972 Mingyao 10,413 1957 1972 Minhao 6,619 1957 1972 Minshan 6,619 1959 1972 Mintsung 6,619 1959 1972 Mounthwa 5,890 1957 1967 Musing 7,263 1959 1972 Nancheng 9,700 1953 1973 Nanhua 9,700 1954 1973 Nankuo 9,700 1954 1973 Nantao 9,700 1953 1973 Nanwu 9,700 1953 1973 Peikiang 6,285 1958 1971 Seasage 5,472 1947 1964 Siehchih 7,701 1956 1973 Siehhui 5,038 1956 1973 Siehmin 7,701 1955. 1973 Siehting 5,130 1955 1973 Sinkai 12,750 1953 1973 Sinyeh 12,798 1953 1972 Siungfei 13,280 1957 1974 Sunniao 24,732 1968 1974 Taipieng 8,820 . 1950 1966 Taishan 6,565 1957 1968 Weikuo 12,728 1958 1973 Weili 12,701 1959 1973 Weimin 12,717 1958 1973 Yungming 11,088 1960 1973 17 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: Q&RDP79T01 098AO00500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Secret Secret Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 CONTROL RECORD FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION 25X1A DISSEM: 13 Jun 75 NO ELITE SERIES NUMBER ER RP 75-16 CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT SECRET/NFD DISTRIBUTION TO RC 40 DATE OF DOCUMENT June 1975 NUMBER OF COPIES 225 NUMBER I 33 COPY RECIPIENT DATE N SENT RETURNED 1-2 DDI 12 Jun 75 3-6 Reserve 7 D/OER 19 Jun 75 8 DD OER IT 9 loff via O/D/OER 25X1A 10 SA ER & D SA/ER IT 19 Jun 75 11 Ch/D S IT 12 S/IT 25X1A " 13 D/NIO 14 NIO/ CH " 15 O NIO EC 16 Ch D /I 13 Jun 75 17 DCh D I " 18 Ch/'D/ D 19 Ch DS 20 Ch/ D/ C 21 C/RE 22 C/IN 23 C/CH 24 Ch/D/U 25 DCh D U 26 St/SD 27 St/CS 28-31 S/IT 32 Finished Intelligence Project 154, PSD Bld g. 33 Rm. 1005, K ey STATSPEC 34 - D/OPR 3E63, H q. 35 D/CGAS Rm. 7G00 H . 36 Ch/ DC D Rm. 811, Key Bldg. 37, 38 OTR/II, Rm. 926, CoC 39 Rm. 1005, Key 40 D/CRS 2E60 " 41 CRS ISG/SAID 1H19 42 D/OGCR, Rm. 1011, Magazine Bldg. 43 D/OCI, 7G15 44 D/OSR, 3F50 " 45, 46 GB38, H q. 47 OCI/S ecial Projects 7G07 " 48 4B29 " 49 D/IAS, 1S5'18, " 25X1A 50 D/NPIC, Rm. 15315, IT 25X1A 51-95 098A0'005000 -j 0001-4 Analyst: S6/TT Q roved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T0~1 U?9Aab0~5~0a8'Ob01-4 FORM 2353 (13) 2.65 COPY RECIPIENT A NO. (S) SENT RETURNED 96, 97 CIEP, J.M. Dunn 13 Jun 75 98, 99 Jerry Crawford, Dept. of the Treasury 100-102 NSA, B25 " 103-105 It 106 Peter Smith, State/EA/PRCM " 107 Richard K. Bank, State, EB/TT/MA " 108 Robert B. Wright, State /EB/ITP/EWT 109 Richard L. Williams, State/INR/REA " 110-135 State/INR/CC for Embassies - see attached 136 Melba Howard, Dept. of the Navy, Naval " Ocean Surveillance Center, 4301 Suitland d. 137 Francis Lee Brady, Dept. of the Navy, Nav al Ocean Surveillance Center, 4301 Suitland d. 138 Lunette Waddell, Dept. of the Navy, Naval " Ocean Surveillance Center, 4301 Suitland d. 139, 140 Charles Dra onette, Dept. of the Navy, Nay 1 Intelligence Support Center, 4301 Suitland 141 -144 DIA, DI-4B2 " 145 St/P " 146 CRS /ADD 147 II 148 149 " 150 II 151 II 152-154 9- OAA.. 7r 155,156 25X! G 157, 158 159, 1 ti0 161-164 ,. 165 rc 166 OER 13 Jun 75 167, 168 DDO/EA 25X1A 16 Jun 75 169 OR D 20 Jun 75 170 William W. Thomas, Jr., Chief, Economic 20 Jun 75 and Commercial Section, US Liaison Office Peking via State /INR 171 Lin Starbird, Chief, Economic Section 20 Jun 75 American Consulate General, Hong Kong via State INR CC 172-184 Filed in St/P/C 20 Jun 75 185 Archives 16 Jun 75 186-225 Records Center " pprovea or a ease CONTROL RECORD FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER ER RP 75-16 CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT SECRET/NFD DISTRIBUTION TO RC DATE OF DOCUMENT June 1975 NUMBER OF COPIES NUMBER IN RC COPY Y RECIPIENT 25X1 A DATE SENT RETURNED a -r z -7 7 s- ic- ~k 25X1A 1 1 25X1 A -~ 1 17 0 ,*.>a d PAC v -' 45- /D -2 2 5X! A c' "S S1 ]6 --~ 7 fi - lac .~ ti. 7 7 S l~ 25X1A c- ' A Crh~ 14 JOE. ? 000 0001-4 PAGE 2 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 FOR f131 2- 6M5 2353 COPY 71pj RECIPIENT . NO. (S) SENT RETURNED Approve or Release Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1O98AOOO External Distribution List -- China's Merchant Fleet Expansion since 1971 0 Melba Howard Naval Ocean Surveillance Center 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 Francis Lee Brady Naval Ocean Surveillance Center 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 Lunette Waddell Naval Ocean Surveillance Center 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 (3 copies) Room 7A190 National Security Agency Fort Meade, Maryland STATINTL 10- - (3 copies) Room 2A190 National Security Agency Fort Meade, Maryland STATINTL Charles Dragonette (2 copies) Naval Intelligence Support Center Code 341 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 Mr. Peter Smith EA/P RCM Room 4318A New State Department of State Mr. Richard K. Bank Director of Office of Maritime Affairs EB/TT/MA Room 2830 New State Department of State Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098AO00500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 01 Mr. Robert B. Wright EB/ITP/EWT Room 3819 New State Department of State Mr. Richard L. Williams INR/REA Room 8840 New State Department of State (4 copies) STATINTL Defense Intelligence Agency Arlington Hall Station DI-4B2 26 cys - for Embassies in Berlin, Warsaw, Bucharest, 2 cys for Brussels (1 cy for Ralph Moore, US Mission to NATO), Copenhagen, London, Helsinki, Paris, Bonn, Rome, The Hague, Oslo, Stockholm, Belgrade, Canberra, Taipei, 2 cys for Hong Kong, Tokyo, Seoul, Ottawa, Mogadiscio, Dar es Salaam, Colombo, and Buenos Aires VIA DEPARTMENT OF STATE, INR/CC Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 MEMORANDUM FOR: Department of State INR/CC Room 6510 New State Building The attached twenty-six (26) copies of ER RP 75-16, #110-#135, 5/NFD, are for your transmittal to the Embassies in Berlin, Warsaw, Bucharest, 2 cys for Brussels (1 cy for Ralph Moore, US Mission to NATO), Copenhagen, London, Helsinki, Paris, Bonn, Rome, The Hague, Oslo, Stockholm, Belgrade, Canberra, Taipei, 2 cys for Hong Kong, Tokyo, Seoul, Ottawa, Mogadiscio, Dar es Salaam, Colombo, and Buenos Aires. CIA/OER/St/P/C 13 June 1975 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 Approved v F fea 2000/05/15 :CIA-F DP791i1 098A000500070001-4 Project No. 43, SOVIET BLOC Bulgaria, Sofia Czechoslovakia, Prague , ~rmany, Berlin Hungary, Budapest 4,P61and, Warsaw mania, Bucharest USSR, Moscow Austria, Vienna T B l gum, russe s (1 copy of all reports for Hoor,G Milton KrrL-r, US Mission to NATO) (1 copy for US Mission to the European Communities) ,,0enmark, Copenhagen and, London i'filand, Helsinki ance, Paris rmany, Munich Iceland, Reykjavik Ireland, Dublin y, Rome Luxembourg, Luxembourg Malta, Velletta atherlands, The Hague ,,N Tway, 0 slo Portugal, Lisbon Spain, Madrid ,SvVieden, Stockholm Switzerland, Bern Geneva 1igoslavia, Belgrade 25X1A "Australia, Canberra Melbourne Philippines, Manila New Zealand, Wellington ,FAR EAST Burma, Rangoon ,.-Formos a, Taipei ae.- '- 'Kong (/ Indonesia, Djakarta ,l. 'an, Tokyo i,~cafea, Seoul Laos, Vientiane Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Singapore Thailand, Bangkok (2 cys - I cy for US Rep Vietnam, Saigon (2 cys if report receives Vietnam distribution) 2NADA, OTTAWA (see reverse side) Approved For Release 2000/055 RBARD P79TO 1098AO00500070001-4 SECRET' Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 AFRICA NEAR EAST AND SOUTH ASIA Algeria, Algiers Botswana, Gaberones Burundi, Bujumbura Cameroun, Yaounde Afghanistan, Kabul ~Geyleit, Colombo Central African Republic, Bangui Chad, Fort Lamy Congo, Kinshasa Dahomey, Cotonou Ethopia, Addis Ababa Gabon, Libreville Gambia, Bathurst Ghana, Accra Guinea, Conakry Ivory Coast, Abidjan Kenya, Nairobi Lesotho, Maseru Liberia, Monrovia Libya, Tripoli Malagasy Republic, Tananarive Mali, Bamako Malawi, Zomba Mauritania, Novakchott Mauritius, Port-Louis Morocco, Rabat Mozambique, Lourenco Marques Niger, Niamey Nigeria, Lagos Rhodesia, Salisbury Rwanda,- Kigali Senegal, Dakar Sierra Leone, Free Town ialia, Mogadiscio South Africa, Pretoria Sudan, Khartoum Swaziland, Mbabane L,T mania, Dar es Salaam Togo, Lome Tunisia, Tunis Uganda, Kampala Upper Volta, Ouagadougou Zambia, Lusaka Cyprus, Nicosia Egypt, Cairo Greece, Athens India, New Delhi Iran, Tehran Iraq, Baghdad Israel, Tel Aviv Jordan, Amman Kuwait, Kuwait Lebanon, Beirut Nepal, Katmandu Pakistan, Rawalpindi Saudi Arabia, Jidda South Yemen, Aden Syria, Damascus Turkey, Ankara gentina, Buenos Aires Bahamas, Nassau Barbados, Bridgetown Bolivia, La Paz Brazil, Rio de Janeiro Chile, Santiago Colombia, Bogota Costa Rica, San Jose Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo Ecuador, Quito El Salvador, San Salvador Guatemala, Guatemala Guyana, Georgetown Haiti, Port au Prince Honduras, Tegucigalpa Jamaica, Kingston Mexico, Mexico City Nicaragua, Managua Panama, Panama Paraguay, Asuncion Peru, Lima Trinidad, Port of Spain Uruguay, Montevideo Venezuela, Caracas Approved For Release 2000/05/19EC IFMP79T01098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 External Distribution List -- China's Merchant Fleet Expansion Since 1971 Melba Howard Naval Ocean Surveillance Center 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 Francis Lee Brady Naval Ocean Surveillance Center 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 Lunette Waddell Naval Ocean-Surveillance Center 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 (3 copies). STATINTL^ Room 7A190 National Security Agency Fort Meade, Maryland (3 copies) STATINTL Room 2A190 National Security Agency Fort Meade, Maryland Charles Dragonette (2 copies) Naval Intelligence Support Center Code 341 4301 Suitland Road Suitland, Maryland 20390 Mr. Peter Smith EA/PRCM Room 4318A New State Department of State Mr. Richard K. Bank Director of Office of Maritime Affairs EB/TT/MA Room 2830 New State Department of State Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 L Mr. Robert B. Wright EB/ITP/EWT Room 3819 New State Department of State Mr. Richard L. Williams INR/REA . Room 8840 New State Department of State (4 copies) Defense Intelligence Agency Arlington Hall Station DI-4B2 STATINTL Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA- DP79T01098A000500070001-4 MEMORANDUM FOR: CRS/ADD Release Release of ER RP 75-16, China's Merchant Fleet Expansion Since 1971, June 1975, Secret, to Foreign Governments 1. It is requested that the attached copy of subject report be forwarded as follows: 25X1 C #165 2. All OER responsibilities as defined in the DDI memorandum of 13 August 1052, "Procedures for Dissemination of Finished Intelligence to Foreign Governments, " as applicable to this report have been fulfilled. 25X1A Chief, St/P/C;/ER .Fj Approved For Release 2000/05L ? rRDP79TO1.O98A0005Q007o0014 HM 'i Approved For Relase 2000/051KREiCIA-RDP79TO1198AOa 0670(?04-d'- PUBLICATIONS SOURCE SURVEY 11 ' USE OF INFORMATION FROM COLLECTION PROGRAMS IN FINISHED INTELLIGENCE GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Rating forms will be completed for each finished intelligence publication prepared by the DD/I and DDS&T. This is a machine-supported system and information must be gathered in a formatted fashion. Therefore, each analyst will complete the NON-SHADED parts of section I and II of this form. Please type or print legibly. Questions should be directed to CGAS/HSG, Room 2G 40, x1829 (red) or x5577 (black). SECTION I - PUBLICATION TITLE AND CONTENT NAME AND TELEPHONE 25X1 A XX XX' XX CARD FOR OCI ONLY RECORD SURVEY NO. DATE PUBLISHED PUBLICATION NUMBER CIB PUBLICATION DATE TYPE 1-b 7-8 (9-12) (13-23) 18 MO DAY R L 7 Q 1 / T&b TITLE (24-80) _ 24 r 52 C H I N A ' S M E R C H A N T F L E E T 53 E' X P A N IS I 0 N S I N C IE 1 9 7 1 CARD2 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX RECORD OFFICE (9-10) SURVEY NO. TYPE 01 OCI 03 OSR 06 CRS 08 OWI (1-6) (7-8) 02 OER 04 OBGI 07 OSI 09 OPR 40 DRA 60 State 70 Treasury 0 L JOINT OFFICE (specify): (- - ) TOPICAL CATEGORY GEOGRAPHIC AREA CATEGORY Domestic Politics USSR International Relations Eastern Europe X Economics X China Military Other Far East Science & Technology Near East/N. Africa Geography South Asia Biography Africa Latin America Western Europe LIST SPECIFIC COUNTRIES: People's Republic of China TO BE COMPLETED BY CGAS REC TYPE TOPIC AREA (13-16) (7-B) (1 1-12) - wed For Releas 20 005M-LCUL-RDR79M 098A.000500070001.4 FORM '2A01 PREVIOUS SFC'RFT SECRET t-or eaai conecnon pruyru'n wnuwv?.,y ------- ._ ..._ , - collection program may be rated as Key, Supplemental, or Incidental for each publication. If the source did not provide any reporting useful in the publication, check the box labeled Not Applicable. If a single publication treats more than one geographic area and/or topical category and the source mix for each varied then additional forms must be completed; e.g. India-economics-State and Japan-economics-FIk's. Rating categories are defined as follows: Key-Information from a particular collection program was of such importance that basic conclusions of the finished intelligence - item could not have been reached without it. Supplemental-Information from a particular collection program was important but not essential to basic conclusions of the finished -" - intelligence item. Incidental-Information from a particular collection program was useful or interesting primarily as background but was used, only (27) I 6. DEFECTOR RPTS (e.g., FIRK's) *12 Translation of Foreign Lang. documents IBIS JPRS etc (40) (41) *13. Non-USIB Agency Rpts. (USIA, AID, other such reports) (43) 14. r .. _.. _._._._ US wire ser_, items, etc.) (45) *15. OTHER (IMF, OECD, foreign government reports, etc.) KIQ Related Publication: Yes EJ No 1102 GH 06 GR 04 IM ( 108 R CLASSIFICATION CONTROLS: No Foreign Dissem List DDO FIR'S and Defector reports that were key or supplemental information sources: TRANSLATIONS: NON-USIB AGENCY(S): e t Li Qoc,. -PO r ut: -e a -t /t e- xipjjFaepXIF g@%p 9NWQW is QAPvQP7 TO1sQ@&AWGsGQ67oeO4k. ?rq SECRET *ftol SECRET Approved For Release 2000/05fiS .' a AL RECORD OF REVIEW OF OER PUBLICATIONS FOR SECURITY/SANITIZATION APPROVAL SUBJECT f ~r- .1 ft) 1/ 7- 1 SECURITY REVIEW NITIZING I TRUCTIONS ITEM DATE INITIALS R VE 25X1A UNEDITED DRAFT EDITED DRAFT DELETE RELEASABLE TO ? SUBSTITUTE 25X1C 25X1A 25X1A REMARKS .7 j- 'or 25X1 D -" dzLe -2-4 25X1 D G~ l U -p 25X1 C orb IAM~- vie, -77.Ss- Approved OBSOLETE PREVIOUS SECRET GROUP 1 (9-36-43) FORM 2358 4- 70 EDITIONS Excluded from automatic I downgrading and declassification Approved For Release 2000/05/15: drXkDP79T01098A000500070001-4 CHINA'S MERCHANT FLEET EXPANSION SINCE 1971 1. China's international merchant fleet is growing rapidly. Since the end of 1971 it has acquired more than 2 million deadweight tons (DWT), enabling the PRC to carry a larger portion of its foreign trade and reduce chartering costs. Acquisitions have included the international fleet's first tankers and bulk carriers, accounting for 50% of the new tonnage acquired. 2. Ocean shipping tonnage now exceeds 6 million DWT. The international fleet and its joint stock companies control about 2.9 million DWT, while China's Hong Kong fleet owns another 1.4 million DWT. The coastal fleet manages the remaining 2.1 million DWT. 3. China is cautiously moving into new shipping technologies. Containerization began with a limited China-Japan service in 1973 and expanded with an additional service to the United States and Western Europe from Hong Kong in 1974. Three major PRC ports now are being equipped for handling containers. 4. The share of PRC trade carried by Chinese ships increased from less than 10% before 1972 to about one-third in 1974. In addition, the acquisition of substantial tanker and bulk carrier tonnage has allowed the fleet to carry a larger portion of China's growing petroleum exports as well as grain, ore, and fertilizer. The international fleet should approach 4 million DWT by the end of the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1971-75), with tankers and. bulk carriers accounting for more than one-third of the total. The role of the Hong Kong fleet will decline as the international fleet expands and international restrictions on Chinese-flag ships are eased. Approved For Release 2000/05/15: ( AADP79TO1098A000500070OO4z4 Approved For Release 2000/05/19e`rGzIA-RDP79T01098A000500070001-4 5. China's international merchant fleet is expanding rapidly. Since the end of 1971 it has added over 2 million DWT at a cost of $700-$800 million. Acquisitions have included the fleet's first tankers* and bulk carriers, amounting to more than one million DWT, or 50% of the tonnage acquired during this period. 6. The international fleet was formed in 1961 with two freighters transferred from domestic service and one passenger ship acquired abroad. Fleet growth was steady during the next decade, with the greatest expansion during 1964-67, when net additions totaled about 300,000 DWT, and in 1970, when 200,000 DWT entered the fleet. By the end of 1971 the international fleet had reached more than 800,000 DWT. 7. Acquisitions accelerated in 1972, reaching 276,000 DWT, more than twice the tonnage acquired in 1971. Purchases continued in 1973 as another 556,000 DWT entered the fleet. In 1974, new tonnage exceeded by 60% the total added in the previous two years as about 1.4 million DWT was purchased for the international fleet. International fleet acquisitions during this period are listed in Table 1. Rationale of Chinese Fleet Expqnsion 8. The Chinese are expanding their international fleet to carry a greater share of their growing foreign trade and to cut chartering costs. Before 1972, the fleet carried slightly less than one-fourth of the total in 1973 and about one-third of trade in 1974. However, as the fleet expands, severe shortages of skilled officers and crews are becoming evident. 9. China is still a major world charterer and a leading client in the London chartering market, with chartering costs exceeding $500 million, or approximately No of China's import bill in 1974. During early 1975, however, a shortage of foreign exchange curtailed some of this activity. The fleet's recent growth and the change in its composition is allowing Chinese ships to carry cargoes, particularly petroleum and bulk products, previously carried on chartered ships. The international fleet operated a tanker, Hong Hu, between 1966 and 1972. The Ta-Ching 29, a domestic-fleet tanker, sailed to North Korea under international fleet registry in 1972 and early 1973. 2 Approved For Release 2000/05/1&dt CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4 /_Y9 -7 s--/6 Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79TO1098A000500070001-4