ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, 1950-1953

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01762A000400030001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 89
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: REPORT

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RC A'fl !?x' ' tC?,1AI, HISTORY OF C Nn AL:. INULLI.11
AG;: ANC, 1950-1953
ear :GIs t,AJ( i. 01tGANTZA 'IQUAL RFVTSZCI S 1950-1953
Page
organizational Change vs. Organizational Stability
1
I
The C overrunent' a Organization for Intelligence in 1950
L
CIA's Responsibilities in the Intelligence Organization,
7
as o: 195fl
Status of Inter-Agency Coordination and Leadership, 1950
U
17
CIA's Internal Organization as of October 1950
24
osals and Ideas for Reorganization, October 1950
Pro
p
Influence or Dulles Survey Group after October 1950
2
8
38
Plan for a "National Intelligence Group," October 1950
Exparwi.on of the Director's Is ,diato Office, 1950-1952
Povival of th. Inteligenca Advisory Corundttee, 1950-1953
60
66
Other Moc niamu for Inter-Agency C;ooporatio>, 1950-1953
78
Coordination Overseas, 1950-1953
tion
d
"
uc
Pro
Reorganization of "National Intelligence
85
System, 1950-1951
4, 44 S tc
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charter TT
`-5,T'1Z?. nT"lA'"fT?"'r'.T A 77T,'T 1-71, 190-1 53
-+r~*~ni ~tirna i rnwt'i If CIA under the Dir^r..t' rship
f tenera1 `;;alter 'Well ziraith, tires runrnarized by i'r- ident ','f'ruman
as the dovealorment of "en effici(Mt and permarert cr- ^f t'ie
Gocerrment's national security structure."l "No I'reelder>t,"
,-'r, vnimAr -brserved in c'r erding General 'rni,th f,)r his part. In
*r nt, "aver had rrcb a we& th ^,f ii tnl ior.,imatton
macje ava1lnhle t- Mn in such a useful manner as I have received
2
? rou, h CIA."
)r ^,anisatt nal. "An a vs. '1r7Ani%atitir:n1 rtehil.
Petrel Internal re,3rgenisatione f!c;ured pr-,* 1r-nt>ly in 7IA'r
ndqu artors in ~'T eh3n to
..,,es within th : =Tntted States, and va4om* #
r.i.e: ;.i.vr:s n t, tion:9 1"v road, the 1attezr most . Li #4e
of ; gate car i)cferlge D k,., rtront inatallatj~ne
in ar'4i:1ion to these seven prtnc'ip ].
e. arnii nt';=3 foreign inteliik.f nee act n- ,;?,a'a ,
fig .... J 1!4
L'Iere were
;rnc ?e nc a.c illd,ividUally depended for pa~rtt
the Fed ral 1ure t a `. ?ib t$ s"i'
tided. one 1^ {.l tract Lind certain to t tnt . . e ,*o '
r;-)on 3 i; J. it .es, for example in Latin='Ae ,ca-?d' '
arid nz 1, Lut as of 1950? its
~e ~ i 6-$ d fl ~f. :
c s ti" t
i%ir'ector of the ~' fal had b je a member O` ""'t ne ;
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d?-re of the :r w rc part of the rv nt ~t re ^u.~11 tiro: `,car
-darnl r u
rrl.rrtie rl cntiaeton
start" (similar to what the 1.&rlles "sport proposed)';snd thh other
for the surveillance of hostility indlcetions, the "c'ur rent
Hitter of gruetin !e by ; Uee to all :1 personnel Feb. 26, 1953
(l eestricteed), on the Occasion of Aasu-:ins; tt*ty en f?',~ii in
"unnumbered re,ulatior;" tile, among records of Management to 'f,
In ' 1 ` ec:ords Center.
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g c
intelligence staff" (n feature not to be found in the i-k1lee Report).
P detailed charter for each of these two staffs was included in
the State-Defense study, and it reads, from the vantage Point of
"historical hindei8ht,t' much like the charters of ()II and 0a as
they were actually crystallised early in 1951. No mention was made
in the plan, however, of the third principal type of national
intelligence production--the National Intelligence SurveysT-prosuxably
be eueo the fJI J program wan not a controversial issue,, The f4a ;ruder-
' r netrong plan also provided for the then-dormant Intelligence
tdviaory : omrittee to be activated as the inter-agency coordinating
committee for estimates. The IAC was to be responsible, the plan
said, for reconciling conflicts in intelligence opinion, among the
contributing departments, in the drafts of estimates and in other
national intelligence products at eembled and disseminated by CIA.
it had boon this one orgenieetionsl detail of inter-egcnoy
co.acittee prooeduree, in the "national intelligence group" plan of
+ny-July 1950, on which the Hillenkoetter administration had seised,
late in July 1950, to reject the plan In its entirety. Whatever
the merits of the detailed charters of the proposed estimates and
indications staffs, or the merits of grouping these two closely
related staffs under a single chief of a "national intelligence
group" in CIA, they were not mentioned or dieonaeed at ell in the
Director's reply to the &tate and Defense Departments, dated
July 26, 1950. Instead, CIA's comments, and its objection to the
whole plan, were directed entirely at the issue of preserving the
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Director's individual prerogatives and his independence of judgment
and decision in producing finished national intelligence. With
these coo nente, ~.IA was challenging the implied threat to CIA that
the Intelligence Advisory Coeeemitteee, together with the departmental
intelligence chiefs assembled In that Committee, would replace the
i i r. ebership and n fo fof r , thecenti~otet3
period October 1950-, ebrufry 1953 are as
fruit I'C ;emotes, cited above.
`itotbw ;. :,ark ,rmatrong, Jr., for entire period; Fisher
ilowa, tours deputy, ok,ieearod in his pleas from time to
time.
rte; ~'=aJ. Gen. A.1i. Bolling, 3-2, October 1950-lay 1952;
.rig. Cen. John Wcckerlin.w;s acting G-2. May-July 19521
Col. C.R. "ovardale, acting 0-2, July-August 1952;
Mai. Oren. ti.C r . 'artridge, 4-2, from ; u . Us 1952, on.
,ear /dm. t;olix L. Johnson,, is/~z;svel Intelligence,
October 1950-June 1952; tear !.dn. iiohsrd F. Stout,
actin:; DNI, June-December 1952; pear Dale. Carl F. Espe,
D1, from December 1952, on.
Air Forces Ms3. Gen. er1ee , . ~;abell, D/Intelligence,
1950-about Nuva tv1 ,nr )9511 Me' 11? Gen. John A,
;Aanford, from ttembar 1951, on.
Joint Staffs L'rig. (ion. Vernon 1. Net;vo, Ooputy U rector for
Mellieenae, October 1950-July- 1951 (with ?:;o1. H.H.
Bassett frequently acting for him); Brig. en. R.O.
partridge, July 1951-July 1952; Brig. `d=en. 4ward H.
Porter, from August 1952, on.
1+t?It Victor P. Keay, 9effert W. .Kuhrts, and others,
Pattng for the ,,Jtrootor of the FBI.
Atomic i:ner Cammieeioni Dr. Walter F. Colby, D/Intelligence
arentire - period,
Chairsanw Lt. teen, w. Bedell:'nith, 1;14'with Jackson, Dulled,
y/inner, or Hecker usually serving in his absence.
2Comments by lillism, L. 'S.mngsr, A!VNK, not "publicly? at one of the
.14 meetinga, but at a 14staff conferenue on ion, 2, 1951 (Hc2. -3#-
,;eoret, in 0/LOCI/Hi). See Chapter U, telow.
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Daher eubstentiv+a Pointe in many eeti~tas~
>4acaagini; aantraverefel a , on a Ad* yarlety of
ent"
a .eeo b008146 "a body of ,rdvic* and cons
a ~re:l4t e~rite'!
r.nr~fm0y robleeaa) *no it reachod or retitled
o'thae' itites
on allrU of thcte, for exesaeple,
d` of the ma or agenda eubjGcta in th+e =AC dealt,
"o .40 j a e3t~ D1"trmsit l die
With collection and production priorities once Fo
eemination deeisious and policies toward
OP-01 Jurisdiction over ccptnred
the gu,aeetlon of inLellise:
~tt- of
duI antei and priooneore of wail one the aseidnes
were ~e ne1~ ,atr.2 The JAG 04100
coordination reeponsibilittoe ?t overseas pG
Cahell' who was
Ishies phrase was used by F*_f1en. ChaSidth0s rles P. cn' who 3,ateer,
the Air in pr F1rezee aetc et+ec edged Allen rd.nW111 s as putY Director
with
in April 19531 (5esa Historical Ste,
of entral Intelligence- . in p/ACI/t;g files.) According n
Cabello :ept. t170 . bell
Larvier~ Ca-hell heed wanted 09 ec to be
tug Irv the National o nal curl y
lees to the DCI than to Ling arrordin to ite3 ev
,arthermoree to control eetism
pratItAU'rosto
trerri.onsly oitodp end the rsn '~
25as IA(; w,inutes, 195E-1953? p wdocusbnte" (mi bered in
b eeub+itttted
es and other proposed action for" 3.y i meetings'
the a
the tylet "IjyCw "11 950-19531 v ich were for" subsequent 7
and dieecuseseeei Secret and Top reoret')r
to the 1AC members ors (varivus'6y period oCtober 1954"
s tire
theea iC?0 riot for thr en
1Aoh numbaretd more then 1.50
1953>, is in o/OCI/``1i another eat is in the I ie3ate,
Februesry a blow, for. list of TAC p ? ,
,Secretariat* see appendix Mp
1Q*c~-!53.
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organised a number of ad-14itional subcommittees, in 3,951,
to which
it delegated some of its responsibilities in a few fields, notably
national indications and hostility warnings, economic intelligence
planning and review, and covert collection Priorities.)
hatever a final historical evaluation of the IAC might be,
it appears that, as an orgaraisatir n, the IAC did become, in 13mi thh a
at a mechanten through which seven otherwise autonomous agencies
roached frequent agreement. Not once, furthermore, judginer from
the carefully worded minutes for 1950-1953, was the debate formally
re-opened, as to whether the TAC was a "governing board" over the
PGI or "purely advisory" to him. General Smith invited the IAC to
give him the benefit of their'%"collective Judgment" on estimates
and on oUir,r matters of mutual concern, whether or not thlo consti.
tilted "anlle(it,iv,e responsibility" as re-aomnencteri by the Dulles
Survey Group in 19149$2 the fact remained that most matters of inter-
agoncy concern were settled by IAC agreement during 1950-1953 under
I Ibid. These new eubcomoitteas of the IAC were, respectively,
the'7atch Committee (W.C), established December 1950, the
f;cononia Intelligence Committee (SIC), May 1951, the Inter-
agency Priorities Committee (IPC), for secret collection,
JulY 1951] and the Scientific Estimates Committee ( C),
August 1952.
2 Smith+e phrase, "colleotive u h
by James 4;. febiqr, in so interview with ~thesHithus
storicalc Staff later
For the Pulles Survey Group's concept of IAC's "collective
responsibility", see its report, Jan. 1949, p. 81, and Admiral
flil k enkoetter's rebuttal, Feb. 19149, in the Mile "Conmentsn
on the, Dulles Report, Feb. 28, 19149, pp. 21-22 (TB #23160),
in 0/mI/RR.
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the leadership of General Smith. Near the end of his first yearn,
in July 1951, Smith labelled the revival and "active utilization"
of the IAC as the very firstitem in his record of accomplishment.1
Smith did not, however, regard the IAC as the answer to all
inter-agency problems. game problems remained purposely in the hands
of other boards and committees, mentioned later. Smith took other
problems directly to the speoifio departments involved, or to the
National Security Council. Nor were those matters that did get an
airing in the IAC all highly "supercharged", controversial issues.
Indeed, some of the agenda items, men they were preceded by good
"working level" staff discussions and detailed staff studies, appeared
to make the IAC merely a "rubber stamp," judging from the cursory
ratification of some of the planning documents as they are recorded
in the minutes.
There were even occasional complaints among the agencies in
Smith's time that the IAC was not effective enough. In September 1951,
for example, the IAC was criticised, not now by CIA (as was common
be fore October 1950) but by the Defense Department, where (so Smith
had been told) there was a "feeling at the working level that the
IAC was not as effective as he had supposed.n2 Smith promptly
1 Drafts of progress report by MI to NSC, July 26 and Aug. 2, 1951
(Top Secret), describing progress made on the Government's organi-
sation and programs for foreign intelligence, in reply to 1150 60/4,
"U.S. Objectives and Programs for the National Security"; comprising
document No. IAC-D-29, in O/DOI/ER.
2 IAC minutes, Sept. 10, 1951 (Secret), in 0/DCI/ER.
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offered to a,..point a board to investigate the situation end make
recommendations for iriprove-ante" The Defense chiefs discounted the
criticisms by their subordinates as be1n;fs- "overly iapreseed by the
minor difficulties encountered in inter-agency collaboration".
The iAG members "reiterated their hi#;h retard for the VC . . . as
an outstanding development which had enat led ai;;nificant forward
etridea to bu meder'a.nd proceeded to endorse, unanimously, the
following statement, which is itself a sort of contemporary historical
estimate on the lAC, at the end of General "uaith'e first year in officeil
The MCI . . . has been increasingly helpful in facili-
tating consultation and the exchange of opinion nmong
intelligence chiefs. (t] . . . provides a device
whereby the chief of intelligence of each agency of
government can comment on, concur, or object to
recommendations, proposals, or conclusions regarding
problems of mutual concern.
Other leohanieme for Inter-Poncy Cooperation
Besides the TAC and its subcommittees, several other inter-agency
coordinating boards2 figured importantly in some aspects of CIA's
overt and covert intelligence activities between 1950 and 1953.
2
A directory of the various other Government committees, outside
the "IiC11 committee structure, in which CIA participated in greater
or lesser de ree in General Smith's time, was prepared by GIG
between perch and 'ibvomber 1951, on the basis of a questionnaire
survey of various offices and agencies.. A copy of this directory,
in the form of a memo by 010 addressed to all ,? D e s, Nov. 13, 1?51,
subject "Survey of Interdepartmental Committees" (:secret), is in
a/ CI/ R, filed under "0IC".
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No of them (the J. S. ;o runications inta11i9oncea hoard and the
a;;chelo~ l0~1 43tratugy hoard) are mentioned here to illustrate the
;'oath of a r.osltion of intellUence leadership in the Govern-
,
rtentee national eo urity structure in rener81 ;withee time. The
U. S. Communications intelligence Foord (P Clg), an activity or ant-
aation$l.ly co~,4 artnented from all other overt and covert intelligence
ootlvitiea, had since IY48 operated directly under the ?etional
3eacatxrity Coanoil,l an a coordinating board for "alb" aspects of
taleca.w unications and related intelligence ("except forai.4n press
and proj4 !Anr'a" nerteriala),22 including collaotion, prercra?inn,
pro ucticn, diaeo.nina Lion, and eecar! t; tatters. CIA was ro?reeented
on the Board from its be4innin e, and the c uairmanship rotated from
a =enc, to afranoy, with the State i)epertmentea intellieenre chief,
for axaegpla, i, r e1 ling in 15050.3 In 19149 the luliso :.urvoy 4 rorup
had reaott sanded that the :;I be redo permanent chairman of the USC1B,14
but the r fanse and State Depertmenta, if not other a;;enciea an well,
had ob jected.5 By the fall of 1952, after a Tong hietory of intro-CTA
1; .; I1 No. 9 (Top 3ecrot), Julg 1, 19)48, in 0/D:I/Hrf filee.
3.,4. ,nrk Prmstron;;, Jr. acre IAC-U-11 (Secrat), Doe. 2Y, 1950,
in ti~/flCI/ .
4 ee #.Ullee Survey Group t oport, Jan. 1, 1949, pp. 51-52, 60.
orients of the :)efenes and State Dpert!eente, aaaerabled by
Us en. Jose. i T. lie? arney and formin pert of N3r;-50, July 1949
(Top :heorert)j copy in O/DCI/1iS files.
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and inter-a enc,, debate and consultation., including an investigation
by n s, cia1 ccr tttee of the ;.'resident, the Defense Department
and the o Char a -rncies deferred to CIA, end the DOT was rein tho
permanent chairrrurn of the ., ornrmantoatione a ntF-)11t(;ence Poard.1
As to the Psyohologicnl ,Streto r Foard (SB)2 2 it was
eet'+hlished about Pu? ust 1950,3 under the State Department, an n
dovice for providing amon other things, "policy :,vidancell to CIA
in its psychological werfare operations. After soverrl reor ,ani-
zotlona the Board was re-established in 1952, directly under the
t)Atlonai 3eaurtty ':cnjnai1.4 ' IA was at first represented by a
lln April 1952 the DCI reported to the t?SC that resporlsibilitiee
in the co;enunieations intelligence field were still "divided",
and that resident Truman had directed that a survey be made by
the $tato and Defense Departments, assisted by CIA. A Survey
was then "in pro);ress under the supervision of an independent
25X1A committee Vended by 7, appointed for the purpose."
ril 23, 1952, on organizational
(See PZ pro.-,,roes repor to Z
changes made under ta^3C-50, lop Secret, T5 #634591 in Q/DCI/Fhi
and Historical Staff interview with Loftus E. Decker, ,P.prii 18,
1955, in 0/t CI/H3 files.) By October 1952 general Smith had
"'beaten them," i.e., the departmental 9.ntelligonce chiefs, And
had been made the permaneaat oheirmen or the WtCIP, ercoordint to
8idnei W. . `ouear s. (,'so itirttorioal Staff interview with .Duero,
Nov. 2, 1952, in 0/DCI/ii5 files.)
;! history of "U's participation in the 14$ is outside the scope
2
of this purely "organizational" chapter. Sxtensive historical
records for such a fuller study on P SP are on file in O/DCOI/FR.
3The :Sfl was announced puhlioly by the State Department,, about Aug. 16,
1950. word vi. Earrott was nanod chairman, and thernembers were
to ..include "representatives" of the Joint chiefs of Staff and CIA.
In addition thorn were to be "liaison" m^n at SB from the Rational
Security aesources Board (MB) and the T:,conomic Cooperation t:dmin-
istra Lion (t'''~ ), as well as from Cl t . The ioard it was said in
Aufuunt l9r0, won an outgrowth of "an interdepartmental advisory
committee" which had "for some months" boon planning this activity.
(;!ae flaltimoro faun, 18, 1950, in press-olipping file on :'IAA
in CIA Library.T
'established under N SG 10-5. See also iii?torical Staff interview
=..rith Sidney -v. souers, Dec. 9, 1952, in 0/1XI/HS files.
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rspolioy consultant", who use node a full "member" in October 1950.1
After a controversy-laden existence and a further reorpnisation of
they Board, sometime in 1952, the DCI becrme for a time its cheirman.2
This position he held a;:parently until September 1953, when the
"sychologieal Strategy Board was replaced by a new Operations
Coordinating Board (OCB),3 under the National Security Council.
25X1A from William 4i. Jackson, DL)CI, in a letter
a We , nt es: .: y of state, oat. 12, 155() (Top ;ocrats In
0/DCI/~ t5), aCreod to Wobble proposal to have ,'"IA desi ?nnto a
"representative" on the P?`SB, and also a "liaison" man from CI A,
the latter for intelligence support mnttors. For the latter position,
25X1A was appointed by Jackson in October 15O? (i'~re-
s
v iou
l
25X1A eentative on ats's "Interdepartmental Foreign Information Staff'." )
In May 1951 was selected as CI 's liaison
25X1A man for a two-men s tour th the PSB, at a time when it
was known as the r'sychological Operations Coordinating Board (PCB).
(See letter from DOI to Under Secretary of Mate tiobb, May 25, 1951,
in reply to 'ebb's letter of May 2, 1951, secret, both in O/x7CI/=mot.,
25X1A filed under "State partmont." )
way 1952 wan at the rtn, handling intelligence
support rn re ern for CIA, with the title "tipccinl
Assistant for IntelliCence" in the !',1B (April 1952), and "Assistant
Director, Office of "valuation and =oview" in i'SB (November 19'52).
See biographic statements on I in QT i course outlines for CIA
Agency Orientation Conferences, Afar l-Nov. 1952 (confidential), in
06CI/t3s files.
2:iistorical Staff interview with Lawrence Houston, July 23 and
tug. 19 s 2953, in O/P I/113 files.
3Announced, effective Sept. 3, 1953, in CIA Notice (secret),
Feb. 14, 19514. The new OCB was headed by the Under oecr? ry of
State, and the DCI was one of its members, along with the Deputy
Secretary of Defense, the Director of the Foreign Operations tdmi.n-
ietration (YOA), and a representative of the ?reeieent. The Pt,L0
25X1A like the other members, had assistants for U.CI's activities. In 'IA
assistant for operational liaisanj
25X1A and ass s ant for "intelligence support" and for
end
' tics
v
b
(:g
=
e
ee a
o
liaison oii behalf o the li P/I officers.
iiiatorical Staff interview with Lawrence ii. Houston, July 23, 1953,
in O/1 C1/fir files.)
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Another approach by Cl! to the problem of improvinc and
extending the inter-agency oechanisms for intelligence cooperation
and coordination wee to atteVpt to adapt various inter-tervlce
orgeniraetiona within the Defense Department to the node of the
sovorm-ontas entire group of intelligence ag encics, militnry and
civilian alike. One example Was the Joint Intelligence Indications
Committee (Jrte), which was operating, in 29508 an on activity under
the Joint Chiefs of Staff and which was renamed the Watch ~;oamittee
an& converted to the status of a aubcosm ittt a of the rt C, in rmcember
1950# In this oaah# CtAea interests wore handlod by the Office of
Current 1ntelligeenoeel Another example won the F4fenes r epertment an
new intramural organization for the inter-service intelligence
oxploitaati?n of prisoners of war, captured weapons, and captured
records. to this now military organ! action, which was planned in
1950 after the cutbreak of the Korean war, CIA eventually achieved
a mom ure of official ropresentetl,on, in the interest of fuller
axAnivitatl.on of captured nouroes by itself nn i by the other non- +llitary
i:ntGIli ~iinazey a:~onoian.
Captured sources had traditionally been controlled by the
military services, but in 1950 there was an ifoscapable civilian
interest an well, And after CIA heart! of the new reilttery plans,
it:ee Chapter VII,, below.
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initially uemewh"t by ecoident,1 it undertook to i kunoh r curvsy
end conduct a eerir's of discussions and negotiations with the Defense
authorities,2 concluded in 1951, in which it re-asserted. its inter-
agency coordination responsibilities, particularly on its own behalf
and that of the State Department and the Atomic Energy Comiission.
Over the initial objections of the Joint Chiefs of St&ff,3 GI/! was
,Avon the prero.;nti.va, in March 1951, of makin,y a key appointment
tea each of the three fofense agenoiee that wore being ort aaniEcdi
(1) a ".Special tdvieor" in the Joint iipterinle Intelligence 1grmay
(J?il.i ); (2) the "Deputy Director" of the Prmed Services .ersonnel
Interro,I;ation Center (A 'IC); and (3) the "Deputy Director" of the
lHistory of Contact Division, office of Operations, chapter II,
section F-13, P. 70 (Secret), in O/DCI/tiS files.
2ALout Jsnunry 11)51, oil! conducted a survey, ty questionnratrep
or the Army , Nnvy aryl fir Foroc. fubaequcnt discussions
25X1A were led UY At)/UIC, ant) included iloorge Carey,
25X1A AD/00, and O SO, (See riistory of 00/13, pre-
viously cited; and minutes of DyI'e staff conference,
6 March 1951, SC-4-11 (Secret); in O/rCI/1 .)
3grig. Gen. Vernon B. Magee, JC3 representative on the IAC,
reported "considerable opposition on the port of the Joint
Staff" to the idea of CIA representation in the Defense
Department's new agencies for captured sources, so he
reported early in March 1951. (Ibid.) Commenting on this
(within the Director's staff meeting), W.r1. Jackson (DDCI)
threatoned to refer the matter to the National Security
i;ouncil ". . . if the I'C did not a; rce", since, he said,,
much 014 rapresc'ntotion was "obviously covered by Wa"' e
coordinating powers." (Ibid.) -ee Also PC minutes,
March 5, 15, 1951; IAC-'i-22,23 (Secret), in O/DCI/FI. One
particulEr reason why CIA's proposal was being contested by
the Defense Department was probably that CIA originally had
asked for representation both in headquarters and in the field.
CIA apparently withdrew from its insistence on field repre-
sentation, sometime before the final a, reornent.
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l
Armed Services ;)ooumont intelligence Center (ASUIC).1 These three
officers were subsequently appointed by i'I!! from its Office of
Operations,2 and liaison with the three organizations was handled
by ~0.
within '1X,10 staff responsibilities for promoting inter-agency
tuordi:rbtiurr eau! cooperation un?*r eflt ttritlL!fernbto chanra in
General Smith's time. In October and November 1950s it appeared
from the actions of the Deputy 1'tractor as If tho t:gency's external
coordination work might be centralised, not in a new Coordination
Division (as had 1:oen urged by the Dulles purvey Group in l9!4 ),
but in the gtireetor's immediate office. On becoming Deputy #rircctor,
ttr. Jackson (1) took direct personal charge of the agenda of the
IV,* m{yetit t; or notul,sr 201 (2) undertook to raor otiste with the t tete
Lepartment (outside the existing committee structure) the probleae
of re-aligning the "diviaion of labor" between the two agencies'
various fields of intelligence produotion$ and (3) late in Tovember
1950, took charge of ",olioy clearances" for liaison between CIA
1IAC-4-22 and 23, previously cited.
2'1'h* CIA "Upeoisl Advisor" on the J VA staff was
CO/bovs*at :~taftj the Ioputy Director of A3fI.C apparently"
came from OO/F;' .,; and the Deputy Director of 1.45 ?IC
Mofrom W. The formal announcement of these L
M from
in June-August 1951, appeared not in %1A/,'s own
"
regulatory publications, but in various "Army i,eCulattons
and "Special Ueaul#tione" of the Arngr (t nfidential).
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and the a:tate 1:epartment,1 if not other intelligence agencies as
well.2
It even Appeared, for a time, that control by the I'i.rrctor'e
office over inter-a;,ency contacts might also extend to 0C 'as
Liaison Division, as recommended by the Dulles Survey :croup in 1949.3.
id. If. Jackson, DDCI, to Secretary of State, Nov. 2', 190
(secret), in 0/'jCl/rR, filed under "ftate Department."
fibout a week later, on Dec. !j, 1950, this liaison-control
funotion o," the DD..I was announced to the Assistant, '_Irectors
and the " taff chiefs, in an unnumbered ('directive ivt uw7 by
the now rs'tnaty 4reotor for tdrnintetrr:t.ion. (}bid.)
20nly the rollowin.; types of Staten liaison were exert :tr d 'ron
MM oltsrance and control, by the directive of Dec. ia, 19501
covert operational liaison, which remained with thF- isslsta.nt
Directors for 080 and 0P (with control decentralize, /', r'e-
sumably :3endin; the union of 0:50 and under the nt w
Deputy t?irector for uperations)i and liaison on budigotar ?,
fiscal, and other administrative matters, which were
a.?si,,'ned to the Dc,futy i?iroctor for ,administration and to
the Convtralier.
-tf4ca mention woo made (in thft aiiraoti.vo of i+eo. 4 1'50 of the
liaison AJivision). The vita/("! (Jamon t1. Andrswa$ quickly
noticed thi.e ucatealon (on Deo. 12), And questioned whether
the D:;i really intended "to undertake this chore" of
handling "the daily volume of requests, informational)
documents, and miscellaneous clearances"' which normally
passed between the CIA and the State Department. ($ee
".State Department" file in 0/DCI/ :fl.) Whether this type
of "middle-man" liaison and coordination work was an over-
sight in the directive, or whether Jackson had actually
considered absorbing the Liaison Division into the Urectoras
office, is not clear from the records used.
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On December 18, 1950, however, the Deputy Director egreed with 0(D
that the Liaison Eiviaaion should remain where it wae.l
j-aekson+s initial gestures toward centralization proved to
too hens ty .ical than a trend toward doccntralisation, which had
meanwhile W%j:un to cot In end which continued in 1951 end 10-a"2.
:tarin this time the erector and his immediate office bo,;an to
encourage the ,assistant 1-Directors to re-aseumo end re-assert roepon-
a3:1bility for that part of CIA+a inter-agency oblt,;ationa which
affected their particular spheres of activity. Thus, etch Resistant
Director's office normally provided and. controlled th6 secretariat
of the' ,,Art1xu1a1r sut;ootmnitUea of the IAC which worst working in
that office's major subject-matter field. Ficxt, each CIA office
had the job, oither within or outside the committee system (or
supplementing it), of maintaining cortinuin liaison, discussion,
and ne,,;otiation with the other agencies, in the particular functional
activity involved. T'ach office's key research ainaalystas, for example,
normally dealt directly with the corresponding research personrael
In than other n,;onoiss with whoa they were expected to oollaboratoj
veal they aieo dealt directly, but perhaps lose frequently, with
the particular "customer" offices for which their products were
intended, and with the collection-control points in the "tato or
100+8 a+ d was es domed, Dec, 18, 1;:5C, "Approved for
D;~:I by (See memo, in filed
under "State par men .
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Derange fapertnente where additional lntn32itxence informoti.an might
,ht for the particular intelligence study at hand. In this
be soup
daily liaison and coordination job, the DDCI did not normally
interfere, althrn"gh he apparently retained control over the "policy"
clearance of inter-agency contacts.l
In collaboration with the Security Office, OCt} continued to
review and rn tnt,c,r contact clearances with VC (end ton-'If C) o