(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED ENGLISH-LANGUAGE RUMANIAN DOCUMENTS ON THE RUMANIAN POWER GENERATION(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 11, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: REPORT

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,
STAT
1 R . P. R .
:i:: ti, MINISTERUL MINELOR ENERGIE'. ELECTRICE
SIDE INSTITUTUL DE STUDII SI PROIECTARI ENERGETICE
Lucrarea Nr. .... . ..... .
DA TA
ON THE LUDUSH POWER STATION
RUMANIA
Codul Voiumul
Contract Nr Faza Exemplar Nr.
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DATA ON THE LUDUSH POWER STATION - RUMANIA
ilOwmommooloranowal . owl*. .. otw.WAfts.Ot4emmara?b
by C? 110T0IU, Engineer
Institute of Energetic Studies
and Designs-Bucharest
The Ludush Power Station is one cf the most
important gas consuming power stations of Rumania,
The ever rising demand of power consumption,
which for the period 1955 1960 had a doubling time of 612 years,
while no* it reaches 4 years, has led to the necessity of setting
up besides other stational such gns power stations, Which could
be erected in very short time and had the needed fuel near at
hrnd.
At the present time, the Ludush Power station
operates with a set up power of 300 NW. It's final capacity -
just how on the_way of building, will attain 800 MW at the be-
? ginning of 19671.
The siting was chosen as a result of careful
technical.an-i economical calculations.
It is located in an area where the most can
be made of the natural resources of low pressured gases -
whilst an efficient water cooling is ensured from the near-by
Muresh River,
The teclInical,and economical calculations have
taken into account and compared the costs of transporting elec-?
trio power against the transporting of the gases by means of
ducts.
?
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It is worth while to note, that In the smisting
conditions of our country, should gases be transpprted with-
out intermediate compression, both transports are equivalent
from the economical point of virw!
The Power Station is situated on one of the
Muresh' River bends, Its proximity o the river was sought for
in order to avoid long water supply, which was among the cha-
racteristics oft the previously built power plants in our country*
The level site of the Plant as regards the river
has also been carefully chosen, after thourough checking, so as
to avoid flooding danger, while enjoying a high reduction of
the pumping of the cooling water!
The lar..out of the Plant is based on the ideen of
concentrating the number of buildings In order to occupy ti much
reduced area.
following :
4...ftemoo01,000,
The ndices for the Plant territory are the
epWOWOIOft00,-AOAWmpvmWi dmws* ------
Specific area of the
precincts
..00*.4141gdaft..001-01.1n
MN
UtM
First stage SecOnd eta-
300 MW go 8 UW
.
401.
2* Structure of the area: -
- zone of the technolo-
gical buildings
- zone of the water coo-
ling devices (cooling
towers)
zone of the high tebsion
electricit-stations
(11o, 22o and 400 kV)
loading platforms and
wads
3. Extent of built area
ha/UW 0.0655
all1?11111,
73
46?5
---------
57,6
0.0368
31.4
27.2
33.4
8
60,6
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The main equipment of the Ludush Power station in
the first stage consists of three 1:)0 VW units made in Czeko-
slovakia. In a second stage an identical 100 LJ unit will be
set up and :ater on two 200 ':17 Soviet-made units will be set up
in place.
The number one 100 W turbine at its start of running
moment has been the greatest unit of the system (about 5% of the
system load). The 200 12 turbine in its turn will be the first
of its kind installed in Rumania and will represent about 642%
of the system load, when starting!
These powers fit in rationally in the system. It
is well mown that technically and economically the best unit
size has to be somewhere between 4% and 7%, of the total lona
of the yste
For all units the boiler steam pressure is 1950 psig
and the temperature 10700F. All units have a single steam re
heat at a temperature of 1000 - 1070?P, thus providing an ave-
rege bettering of i% of tie specific consumption against the
same cycle without reheat.
By the adoption of these temperatures the top limit
of the ferritic steel alloys was attained, thus avoiding the
special anstenitics steels. Stills the last few meters of the
boiler superheater of the steam generstors of the 100 MW units
were made of austhenitic steels for increased reliability rea-
sons.
Each turbine is fed by a single boiler. The drum
boilers. feeding the 100 MW units have an output capacity of
730.000 lbs/h, while for the 200 MW units the output_of the
oncedmthrough twin furnece boilers is 1.410.000 lbs/h.
The steam connections follow the widely spread
technioal ideea applied for the condensation stations, of in-
dependent blocks.
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The adoption of this solution brought important
simplifications and economies in the piping system which for
the given pressures and temperatures represents abut 9% of
the equipment value of the station.
The guaranteed specific consumntion in normal
operating conditions is 8750 ETU/kWh at the generator output
(gross), thus representing obly 82% of the specific consumption
of the former electric power stations built in our country in
the period 1955-196o, provided with 25 and 50 MW units, steam
conditionc (1400 psig) and 950?P fed on gas fuel.
The steam boilers of the first stage are of n semi
outdoor type, with fans on the top and individusl smpll metal
chimneys.
The 200 VW unIts boilers are indoor built using
a common chimney for two units, 18o ft high.
The arrangement of the equipment in the main buil..
ding has taken into consideration the pecularities of the gas
fuel boilers, thus setting them side by side next to the turbine
room,. and placing the internal sevices and the control room bet-
ween the boilers.
As a result, most advantageous building in
have been obtained even since the first stege of the 300 UW,
namely a volume for tbe turbine room of 0.282 m3/kW, respectively
a surface of 0.010 ma/kW and a total volume of the main building
of 0 547 m5/101 (surface 0.0199 m2/kW
These indices may be compared to the best indices
obtained at the Condensation Power Stations abroad for this unit
size, when using gas fuel ; they hold good even fdlr more power-
ful units such as the Tavazzano_10,,wer Station of Italy (twice
140 MW) which has a volume of 0.67 m3/kW and an area of 0.o23
ma/kW and is considered as one of the best of the kind in that
country, or Power station Porcheville in Prance (units of 125 UW).
Compared to the Power Stations using gas fuel,
equipped with 25 and 50 LW units, built during the period 1955-
196o in our country, the volume indices and the main building
surface represent only 43 %.
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When designing the Lududh station a high level
of automatical regulation hns been taken into account which
had to be rational from the point of view of costa, meuring
at the same time a safe -operating by using reduced, staff,*
the tee
leyision
The control of the whole unit is centralized in
ogical control rooms, one for every two blocks.
For the first time in our country industrial to
,-
is used for the checking of thedrum water level in
the boilers.
The coordination of the control rooms in done in
the central dispatching rooms. In the future an electronic
computer will be set up for informations and the optimizing
of the load repartition amongst the units.
Finally the staff of the plant will be limited
to 0,62 man/ W (operation 0.31, maintenance and repairs 0.21o,
management 0.100). This figure contains the whole staff of the
station, repairing personnel and management included cook
and car drivers, firemen!
The electric stations of the power station are
operated separateUy from the electric control room.
The main station where the energy is supplied by
a toitign of 22o kV, while by means of autotransformers the
connexions are obtained for the 400 kV and 110 kV stations.
Electrically, the Power Station is connected b
a 400 kV line to the international intercOnnection grid to
the other socialist countries, by 22o kV lines to the main
joints of the national energetic grid and by 110 RV lines
to the regional distributors.
These outdoor stations have been built on centri-
fugated concrete poles, thus realizing importamt metal economies.
The 22o kV station has been the first of its kind to be erected
in our country, while the 100 kV Ludush station on centrifu-
gate,5 concrete stades at the time of its design and construction
was the first of this construction type known to us throughout
the world.
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Designer of this station was the INSTITUTER
ENERGETIC STLrDES AND DESIGNS . BUCHAREST.
The centrifugated poles of the 400 kV station
have a height of 100 ft and are anchoured by metal ropes.
As previously shown the cooling of the electric
station is done by water pumped from the river Muresh. While
at some periods of the year the water supply of the river does
not satisfy the cooling necessities, a complex schema has been
adopted by means of additional cooling towers
For the first units, we calculatei that forced
draught cooling towers are the best economical solution.
Finally, four hyperbolic reinforced concrete
natural draught cooling towers will be added for the 200 mW
units which are designed for a higher cooling water tempera-
ture. All towers capacity will permit the cooling of 76000 m3/h
water flow. The returning water will operate a, hydroturbine
which will partially recuperate the hydraulic pumping power
and will give an out put of about 1 MW.
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-7.
INVEST:1ENTS AND TIA1 tR RELLIZATION PrRIOD
The building of the Ludush Central Power Plant
has been decided in 1958.
In its first stae the station has been set up
with a 500 MW power distributed into three units of 100 each.
Works began in autumn 196o ; in the next autumn ?
1961 the main building was rcady for the beginning of the
assembly works.
The development of the assembly works followed the
rate of the deliveries of the imported equipment from Czechoslo?
vakia.
It was during Julys.August 1963 that the first unit
was ready for the test runs. The second unit started work early
in 1964 while the third works since August 1964.
At present the extending of the station is on the go
Construction works have started in May 1964. Jus
now the t-rbine room is being roofed,,while the setting up of
the boiler is at its first beginnings.
Tje first 2-_0 1W unit will start work early in 1966.
The specific investments of the previous 300 MW
stage has amounted to 93% of the investments of the 150 MW
Power station built 10 years ago.
The total specific investments for the 800_VW final
Stage will amount to 82A of the Fintinele Investments.
The structure of investments on the specific condi?
tions of our country where the main equipment is imported, is
the following :
//
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80 0 LW
Buildings ? hydro technical
works included ' 1,9 %
Investments for site or?
ganisation 2 %
?Jain equipment 58%
Setting up 17,8 %
Expenses for the new enterprise,
laboratories surveying expenses,
expenvs with foreign workers 40%
Deoign costs 2 %
HEAT RATE AND NNE ,G-r SUPPLY COST
1011,0104010ortmolw*MOW4WWWWWownwilinmemm.0000101WAIWalmen0 Imm.o4PiumworAmiW000mibri..ftli,
The average heat rate realized in the first
operation year was 912012TU per kW/h. The best performances
? by guarantee checkings were 8500 BTU/kWh, with 59?F cooling
water and full load.
The beat rate thus obtained was better than the
heat rate designed.
The power consumption of the auxiliaries of the
Power Plant was estimated at 5,98% when operating with direct_
flow cooling and at 6.31% where operating with cooling towers..
The realized consumption for the first operation
6%.
For these given data, the energy supply coat
for the Ludush station has the 'ollowing structure :
Cost of fuel
ReCiemption of Investments
Wages and salaries
Costs of operation, maintenance
67_5
23.1 %
5.5 %
44 %
For the final 800 MW plant, the same costa
are estimated to amount to :
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Feel 70.4 r.)
Redemption 21.1
? Vases and 1aries 0
-! Cost of operat on,
mainttnance
000
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ROUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC 1-
MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRY;
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC ENERGY
HEAT AND POWER PLANT
o'BORZESTI I
BUCHAREST
1960
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ROUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC ENERGY
HEAT AND POWER PLANT
BORZETI
Bucharest
1 9 6 0
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? HEAT AND POWER PLANT
BORZESTI
1. General data
In the years of the people's democratic regime a complex
of chemical industries has been created between Borzegti and 0-
negti.
This concentration of chemical industries, which are im-
portant consumers of heat, has led to the necessity of building
a great industrial heat and power station. Energetic reasons too
have imposed the choice of the site of the power station in this
part of the country.
The whole industrial group being newly erected,a woricien's
town - Onegti - was built in the neighbourhood, which is also
provided from the heat and power station with hot water for heat-
ing purposes, at a distance of about 5 km. .
The power station has been designed by "Teploenergopro-
ject" of Moscow, in collaboration with the Institute of Energe-
tic Studies and Designs (I.S.P.E.) of Bucharest. The main equip-
ment of the power station is delivered by the U.S.S.R. The con-
tractor is the Trust of Energetic Constructions, with the tech-
nical aid of soviet specialists.
The power plant has been initially designed for a capa-
city of 125 MW. The development of the industrial group has im-
posed the extension of the power plant to a final capacity of
225 MW.
The first set of 25 MW, of the VPT-25-3 type, was star-
ted in December 1955.
The power station supplies steam to the industrial group
at 10, 16, 21 and 23 kg/cm2 abs.
The heat and power station can deliver, in its final
stage, 873 Gcal/h steam.
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The whole quantity of heat is produced by using the ex-
tractions and the back-pressure of the installed turbines, the
modulus of distance heating being 64 % (the rate of the heat de-
livered from the extractions and the back-pressure of the tur-
bines to the whole heat delivered by the station). -
The combined production of electric energy and heat for
industrial and household purposes grants an important economy
of fuel 9 while investments and operating coats are smaller.
The Borzesti heat and power station is supplying elec-
tric energy to the chemical industries of the neighbourhood,
being at the same time connected to the national network.
2. Natural conditions
The power station is located on the right side terrace
of the Trotus river. The ground displays a layer of gravel at
a depth of 395 m9 permitting foundation in good conditions. The
underground water is at a depth of 495 m.
The water supply of the industrial group as well as of
the power station is taken from the Trotus river.
The plant will be operated on gas delivered by.the neigh-
bouring oil fields 9 natural gas, residual gas from the chemical
industries and fuel oil from the near-by oil refinery.
3. 212_49AI_229.12
The power station was built in two stages. The
ristics of the steam of the first stage are loo kg/cm2
510oC. Two boilers of the TM-23o type, loo kg/cm2abs.,
characte-
abs.,
510?C
each having an output of 23o t/h, and one boiler of the TM-17o
type with an output of 170 t/h were installed.
The feed water temperature is 215?C.
The boilers are connected to a steam lead, feeding two
condensing automatic extraction turbines of the VPT-25-3 type
and one back-pressure turbine of the VR-25-18 type.The VPT-25-3
turbines have an industrial extraction at lo kg/cm2 abs. and a
heating extraction at 192-295 kg/cm2 abs. The back-pressure of
the VR-25-18 turbine is at 18 ? 3 kg/cm2 abs.
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In the second stage higher characteristics of the steam
14o kg/cm2abs.9 57o0C9 have been adopted. Three boilers of the
TGM-84 type9 420 t/h each9 two turbines of the VVT-50-3 type
(with the industrial extraction at 13 + 3 kg/cm2 abs0 and the
heating extracti n at 192-295 kg/cm2 abs.) and one back-pressure
turbine of the PVR-50-13 type will be erected.
The VPT-50-3 turbines have 7 extractions for the feed
water heating and the PVR-50-13 turbine has 2 extractions.
The feed water temperature of the second stage boilers
is 234?C.
Attention is drawn to the two aeaerating stages (at 192
and 6 kg/cm2abs.)9 the first stage beeing utilised for prehea-
ting and deaerating the make-up water delivered by the treat-
ment installation.
4. Mechanical e.quipEent
The six boilers are of the radiant type with natural
circulation; the superheater is of the combined convection and
radiant type.
The construction of the TGM-84 boilers9 erected in the
second stagepis gsRnting a great simplicity and suppleness by
the natural circulation of the boiler water, the providing of
a single drum and the light masonry of precast fireproof con-
crete. The superheated steam temperature control is made by wa-
ter injection.
The induced dIeft fans of the TGM-84 boilers are of the
out-door type9 with variable speed.
The turbines are provided with a Curtis stage and pres-
sure stages9 with small reaction. The VPT-25-3, VR-25-18 and
PVR-50-13 turbines are of the single casing type.
The VPT-50-3 turbines are tandem-compound.
The turbines are of high capacity admission (200 t/h),
while from the automatic extractions 8o-loo t/h of steam may
be obtained. The .robust construction of the single casing dou-
ble automatic extraction turbine is of special interest. This
construction has the following advantages : small necessary area,
reduced foundation dimensions, lighter weight and as a result
lesser investment costs.
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The operation with variable load of the single case tur-
bine, is more economical.
The heat rate of the condensing extraction turbines,when
operating on the condenser only, differs but ,slightly from that
of the condensing turbines.
In the first stage 4 motor-driven feed pumps and two
turbine-driven feed pumps of 27o m3/h each, at 15o kg/cm2,were
installed.
In the second stage L. motor-driven feed pumps of 5oo
m3/11, at 18o kg/cm29 are intended to. be installed for the three
boilers.
Each of these pumps is driven by a 4 MW electric motor
through a hydraulic coupling, enabling a fine adjustment of the
feed water output.
The high condensate losses of the industrial group and
the hardiness of the make-up water made necessary an important
treatment installation (52o t/h).
In the first stage the make-up water is lime and iron
'sulphate pretreated, filtered and demineralized by means of Na
ion exchangers. In the second stage, due to the high pressure
boilers, needing .a high quality feed water, a total two-step de-
mineralisation installation with ion exchangers is designed.
The steam and hot water to and from the consumers will
be carried by pipe-lines on reinforced concrete poles.
The automatic operation of the plant is made by using
electronic equipment. In the first stage a local control is
used, while for the second stage a thermal control room, with
modern equipment, has been designed. This equipment will grant
a high safety degree of the operation of the mechanical equip-
ment, the increasing of the efficiency. with 1,5-245 %, while
the staff will be reduced by 30 %.
5. Plant arrangement
The plant has been designed as a close construction,the
arrangement being :
- boiler room
deaerator room
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- turbine room
The turbines are parallel to the division wall.The dis-
tance heating equipment is located at elevation + 0.00 of the
turbine room. The electric stations for the internal services
are located at elevation + 0900 of the deaerator room.
In the second stage the roof of the boiler room will be
supported by the framework of the boilers, the back of the boi-
lers being out-door. The fans are out-door too.
Above +8 m there is no partition wall between boiler
and turbine room.
6. Cooling water circuit
The cooling water intake and exterior ducts are common
for the industrial group as well as for the power plant.
The water is taken from the Trotus river, a dam,a sand
trap, an open headwater channel 3 km in length, sieves and fi-
nally a concrete duct with branchings to the industrial group
being erected.
The waste water is evacuated to the Trotus river through
siphon shafts, which enable the using of the natural head,with-
out circulation pumps.
The flow of the river being variable and relatively
small, two hyperbolical natural draft cooling towers, each for
lo octo m3/h9 were erected.
It is worth to mention the combined open and close co-
oling circuit. While operating on the close circuit, the water
from the condensers is pumped to the cooling towers, and from
there through a second pumping stage to the sieves. By these
means the circulating pumps are avoided and an important amount
of electric energy is saved.
By supplying simultaneously the industrial group and the
power station with cooling water9 the investments are smaller.
The whole cooling water circuit is under the common administra-
tion of the industries and the station and is operated by the
power station staff.
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(
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7. Electric equipment
The 25 MW generators are connected to the busbar sys-
tems of the 6,3 kV station. The station is divided into three
sections, each being connected to the other by longitudinal
couplings equipped with choke coils, which can be shunted by
breakers. Each section is also equipped with transversal cou-
plings.
Two three phase 110/3895/6,3 kV transformers are con-
nected to the busbars. On the high voltage side the transfor-
mers are connected to the busbars of the llo kV and 35 kV sta-
tion.
The voltage of the 50 MW generators is 10,5 kV. They
are bloc connected with the 110/35/10,5 kV three-phase trans-
formers.
The 35 kV and lb o kV stations are of the out-door type,
on reinforced concrete poles. The 6 kV and 35 kV stations feed
the near-by industrial consumers, while the lb o kV station con-
nects the power plant to the national high voltage 4tWork.
The internal services are fed at 6 kV and 0,4 kV, the
stations being at elevation + 0,00 of the deaerator,room.
The transformers for the internal services are of the
dry type. The breakers of the 6 kV and 35 kV station are of the
VV-type, operated by compressed air with high breaking capa-
city.
The operation of the electric equipment is centralised
in a single control room, common to the power plant and the
out-door electric station. It is located in the 6 kV switch
house.
8. 2.129AINR21-11/11_PAEI
The main body of the plant has a monolith framework of
reinforced concrete. The roof consists of precast concrete
slabs, supported on metallic trusses.
The stack is 80 m in height, being built of precast
concrete bricks.
The two stacks of the second stage will be loo m in
height.
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The roof of the boiler room in the second stage is sup-
ported by the framework of the 42o t/h boilers and the back of
the boilers will be outdoor 9 thus obtaining a reduced volume
of the boiler room.
The erection of the plant has been carried out by using
ample mechanisation and preassembling platforms.
9. Technical-economical factors
Underneath some characteristic factors are given.
Noticeable is the reduced cost of electric energy, due
to the using of large units and centralised control.
Installed capacity MW 200
Conventional fuel consumption kgcf/kWh 0922
kgcf/Gcal 169
Internal services
energy consumption
Investment costs
Cost of energy
Cost of heat
Staff
+ + +
9
lei/kW )3965
bani/kW 5,4 -----
lei/Goal 2696
man/MW 198
V
The heat and power plant BorzEwti is a great station for
industrial heating purposes.
By the combined production of electric energy and heat
for industrial and domestic consumers, the efficiency level of
the station is high, important fuel savings for the national eco-
nomy being obtained.
By applying high steam characteristics, simple and sure
methods of construction9 a high degree of automatic control and
a bulk steam delivery to the industries, Borze?ti is a very mo-
dern heat and power plant.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/11: CIA-RDP80-00247A003300310001-9