(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PAPER ON METALLURY RESEARCH IN POLAND(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00247A003600160001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 18, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 17, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/18: CIA-RDP80-00247A003600160001-3
R
Next 2 Page(s) In Document Denied
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/18: CIA-RDP80-00247A003600160001-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/18 : CIA-RDP80-00247A003600160001-3
Am.
I
10 - ALEKSANDER KRUPKOWSKI
In the Cracow centre, work on metallurgy is concentrated mainly
in the Department of Metals of the Polish Academy of Sciences Institute
of Fundamental Technical Research, in the Academy of Mining and
Metallurgy, and in the Foundry Institute.
The Department of Metals of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Institute of Fundamental Technical Research is doing fundamental
research above all on metallurgy and related disciplines.
In the realm of theory of metallurgical processes Professor A. K r u p-
kowski and his co-Workers have dealt with the following subjects:
solution of the Gibbs-Duhem equation has been Applied to a multi-
-component system; determination of the thermodynamic functions of
components in solutions of metals; elaboration of a thermodynamic
Theory of solution; and classification of the reduction of metal oxides
?with carbon. Moreover, a theory has been worked out concerning zinc
?and cadmium rectification.
Professor W. Doman sk i determined the thermodynamic proper-
ties of solid solution of silver with oxygen in the temperature range
200?-800? C.
Professor E. I ?wanciw has studied the influence of pressure on
the reduction of iron and nickel oxide t) and has worked out a theory
of the rate of these reductions as depending on the extent to which the
system has moved from the state of equilibrium. The results Obtained
? make it possible to determine optimum conditions for the reduction
of metal oxides with carbon.
Professor W. Ptak has worked on the problem of determining
the thermodynamic properties of components in two- and three-
-component systems by theoretical and experimental means. His most
important achievements include work on irregular solutions, especially
on liquid zinc-tin solutions and iron-oxide and nickel-oxide systems.
As concerning solutions of metals and sulphides, Assistant Professor
A. Bolck-Bolten 'has analyzed several two- and multi-component
systems. Moreover, he has developed the statistical theory of solutions
, on the basis of his own researches' on the thermodynamics of liquid.
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/18: CIA-RDP80-00247A003600160001-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/18 : CIA-RDP80-00247A003600160001-3
f
THE DEVELOPMENT OF METALLURGICAL SCIENCE
? ...Ant.. aintaiI,
11
chlorides and bromides of lithium, potassium, calcium and magnesium,
in equilibrium with a gaseous phase of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen
bromide. These experiments have revealed the influence of the
elementary properties of cations on the anion exchange reaction between
phases.
In physical metallurgy and plastic deformation of metals we must
mention investigations concerning the deformation of single crystals
during tensile tests, elaboration of the theory ? of flat specimens,
investigation of the influence of the rate on the 'deformation resistance
of copper, brass, lead, and tin (Professor A. KrupkowSki), and also the
+development of a method for determining the degree of micro segrega-
tion in metals on the basis of the measurement of electromotive forces
(Assistant Professor A. Piotrowski).
Further, a study is being made of the possibility of extending the
theory of magnetic coercivity of iron to 'disk-shaped inclusions, and
an attempt is in progress to verify this concept experimentally; work
is also being done to introduce economy alloys into the metallurgical,
industry. As regards such alloys, mention should be made of new
economy alloys such as low copper alloys, an aluminium-magnesium
alloy, and alloys of zinc, magnesium and copper (Professor A. Krup-
.kowski, Assistant Professors C. Adarnski and W. Precht).
Amon," the achievements of the Department of Metals, attention
ihould be drawn to investigations under the guidance of Professor
W. Tr uszkowsk i, wbo has taken up the problem of the stresses
-the neck-of-metals-under tension, methods of determining the aniso-
tropy of plastic metals, the relations between the parameters of tensile.
tests and the hardness of the metals tested. The most important
achievements of Professor Truszkowski include the theory of hetero-
geneity of plastic metals which permit determination of the degree
of non-homogeneity of metals on the basis of tensile or hardness tests.
Moreover, a method ?developed for ,determining stresses in deformed
metal has made it possible to explain how the deformation develops in
the neck of metal under tension, regarding the non-thomogeneity of ,the
deformation.
A major achievement of Assistant Professor J. Want uc howsk
is his work on the influence of the rate of deformation on the size
of specimens in tensile tests. In this work, he proved the existence
of two separate zones of deformation, under constant load (creeping)
and under increasing load. ? OP
A picture of the whole scientific activities of the Department of
Metals, as expressed in published papers, is given in Table 3.
STAT
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/02/18: CIA-RDP80-00247A003600160001-3