AVERAGE DAY OF AVERAGE TIRANA FACTORY WORKER: DOCUMENT, PRICE, TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION / OBLIGATORY LABOR AND POLITICAL MEETINGS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500380217-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 8, 2003
• Sequence Number: 217
• Publication Date: February 8, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMATION REPORT
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SUBJECTAverage Day of Average Tirana Factory Worker: Document,
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Prase, Transportation--Information / Obligatory Labor
and Political Meetings.
~~-..a ~nT wwA1 PN All ECTINO THC NATIONAL OCrCNSC
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Or THE NI 'ED STATES, .1 TN I N THC NCANINO OI TITLE 1R STCTIONS 1S,
ANO )C., Dr TNC U, :COOL. As ANCNOCO, ITS 1l`-..-.,, `-1l`-..-.,, ON RLYC.
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPTOY AN UNAUTIIONI LEO PERSON IS
DATE DISTR. , E 195,
NO. OF PAGES 6
NO. OF ENCLS.
SUPP. TO
REPORT NO.
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r. out a of a the daily
typical factory xor er and his family. Aesun i ST. We Yon 1A a carpenter employec
in the Zdruktharija Misto Mama (Misto Manes Furniture. Factory), Rr e Kavajes, Tirana. He
L'4arns 4 li per month. e. e married and has two children, a girl 12 and a boy 10. The
-life does not work. The tamily._live on Rr. Dibres, Lagoa Miato Mane, Rajone 3, Tirana. They
have one room with adjoining kitchen, no bath. The rant, 500 lek per month, includes electric
I,L :,er. The children. attend the Qemal Stafa Eiemautary School.
E,rn~ng Routine
"Th. family day begins- at 5 AM when. the husband and wife get v*, and dress. They wash
,i.th a bit of plain. mater. Soap is a luxury: it in.. rationed ( 1,56 grams per month per
person) and expensive (250 lek per kilo). Workers shave about every 10 days or, at best,
once a week.
3. 'Tor breakfast the worker has. nothing but a glass of water. Most Albanians eat just
two meals a day, and a goodly percentage eat just one.main meal.
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"The husband and wife set off together; the hubband to get his bus to w*oi?k, the wife to
line un for the bread ration at the Kooperativa e Konsumit - Bloku I Bukes X (Consumption
Ccol--erative - Bread Section,, No. X),_
Pus Transportation
:. In the city of Tirana there are three buses,, each for a different line-
Barka - Kombi.nati-Stalin
Barka -? Spitali.t Civile
Barka. - Stadium
The buses are old Italian Fiat or OM models, dark grey or dark green. Service begins at
AM. A bus passes on each line. about every half hour, absolutely jammed. There are no
monthly or yearly comm;?ati.on tickets. One ticket for a single ride costs three lek. The
worker can afford to take a :-as about 10 times a month. The ride to the Zdruktharija r;isto
t1anee takes 10 minutes, the walk 30 minutes. The bus stops right in front of the factory.
?lant :ecuritys the F).ete-Hyrje
6. 'When the worker passes through the main gate of the Zdriiktharija Misto Manee he must
enter the small brick house of the Portier. The gate is guarded by a uniformed guard of the
Sigurimi Shtetit (S.SH. - Security Police), armed with a German 'Pari.bel' revolver. Every
worker en ring the plant must deposit on the Portieres table his Flete-Hyrje (Entry Permit).
The Portier is dressed like. any normal worker? except he wears a cap (kasket). He checks
the worker's identity and retains his Flete.Hyrje. The worker does n eve to sign in any
register. He leaves the house through the exit door and heads toward his work section.
7,. "The Flete-Hyrje is a folded document,, about :2 3i6 .x 3 1/8 inches? made of a thick type
of cardboard. It is dark red on the outside,, white on the inside? On the right inside page
it. gives the emni (name)mbiemn:i (.surname):, date--lindia (date of birth), vend-banimi (address)
and profesioni job) of the worker. It also bear s t e signature of the Drej on irector);
for ee Zd-ru tharija Misto Manee this would he 1-19522' Hasan Hysi. Berea hat is the
date of issue. The Vula (stamp) of the enterprise is a:'fi ad over the director's signature,
1,i E is a ~ normal "blue stamp bearing the inscription of the enterprise. A photograph of the
. orker is affixed on the left inside page. It, bears the worker ? s signature. The picture is
also stamped with the stamp of the enterprise. The card bears no serial number. The Flete-
Hyrje is issued by the Seksior tKuxdrit (Personnel Sect:.on_) of the enterprise. It is issuable
regardless of an employee's position. T'The worker needs only one picture. He hands it in at
the Seksionit Kuadrit when he begins. his job. If he has no picture he is issued a Flete-
Hyrje-Provi.zore (Temporary Entry Permit) for a week. This is prepared on a normal sheet of
'white paper'anIc bears the directorda signature and the stamp of the plant. The Flete-Hyr;;e is
the only valid document entitling employee to eater the plant. Its validity 'is linked
to employment statue until di.saissa3,. The worker deposits with the Portier upon entrance and
picks it up upon exit. This procedure must: be followed for any entry or exit from the
101 ant.
:orking Day
8, ,Subject worker must be at his past at 6 AN. The Zdr.?vkthaxija Misto Manee works only
c.r,e shift, from 6 E:M. to 2 PM daily except Sunday. ( The Kitrlbinati Stalin works two shifts
f' AM 2 PM and 2 PM - 10 PM..) There are few clothes racks ?be,oause few workers can afford
the lr%u y of owning both a working overall and a normal Quit. The worker assembles his
tools and wits for the signal- to begin- at this factory the signal is a hand bell; at the
;:ombinati Stalin a siren. If the worker has a job assigned from the previous day ho starts
right in. Otherwise he asks the Perg,;jjegjesi. Repartit (fr'r' n,ar) for an assignment. Each
--Fction of the factory has a monthly P?i_N`oz'ma` 1v T Puns ( Work Norm Project) prepared b
the facto director and y
factory posted on tlie-wa.~; It inal-ica es the work norms for each category
of worker and the jobs to be performed dux ag the month. The work proceeds without any
interruption until the end of the shift. A worker may only go to the W.C. Smoking is
forbidden. Each worker possesses a special form called the Formular Pune Ditore ( Daily
W, ?.i?k Form) . This is taken out each day * from a spacial bcx an~M-H e in-at-The end of the
shift to the forePoar,. This form must be filled in each day at the end of the shift for
the foreman to sign. The various columns ili.ve the number of the 4cb, a description, the
t i n:e consumed in hours., the basic norm, the norm percentage achieved etc. The forms are
forwarded to the Selcsioni.t Plant (Planning- and Project) of the factory. They serve for
statistical purposes and to determine the workers --'nthly salaries ,..?. paid according to
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Obligatory Labor Meetings
9. "In a State enterprise such as the Zdruktharija Misto Manes there are only two days a
month' :without an obligatory meeting for all workers, either dirsctly after work or later
at 5 PM. They cannot leave the plant because no Flete-Hyr-le. cards are handed back until the
meeting is over. The following meetings and work. projects? which may be considered meetings,
are obligatory for all workers:
(a) Meetings at the and of the work shifts
(1) Information Politik - Political Information meeting organized daily for all
workers We Org. Baze Partis_ Punea (Labor Party -CP- Basic Organization)
of the enterprise. Twenty minutes.
(2) Realizim Plani - Projects or Work._ Results. Organized daily by the adminis-
ition of ze enterprise.. Thirty minutes.. For all workers.
(b) Meetings starting. at 5 PMi
(1) Sindikale - Trade Union meeting organized by the Kshilli Sindikal (Trade
Upon-Council) of the enterprise. Obligatory for all workers once a month
for an hour.
(2)
Realiziid Plaaiit :1.0 Ditor - Ten- Day Work Results. Meeting for all
every 10 dYa,, as kr .hours. Organized by the administration
enterprise.
workers
of the
(3) Shenumi - The SH.N.U.M.I. or Shogri Ndihmesa Ushtris Mbro tje Inizilative is
the 03WFuniat-sponsored, noneorrrpuullsoory para- sty organization or males
and females Lich eacCats.in .a!.i. state. enterprises. Though not all the workers
are members,, they attoad_the lectures to avoid CP pressure or discrimination.
Meetings lasting.. two or three hours are organized twice a month under the
Org.Baze Partin Pumas.ol the enterprise.
(11) - Red Cross nesting organized once a month for four hours for all
won ra the Red Cross Council of the enterprise.
(5) Puna Vullnetare - Voluntary Work's unpaid,. organized twice a month for five
ours by TE-e-Iffg. Baze Partin Puns. of the enterprise. ComZoulsory for all
workers. Such prejects_. aa. di.gging. ditcheaa,. repairing streets in the city.
(6) Fiekultura - Gymnastics organized twice a month for two hours oy the Org. Baze
Par ones for &13- workers, regardless of age or sex.
(7) Koren' - Korea Conferences C" 951-527 organized for all workers once a month
Tor Tree hours by the Org. Base Par.ie Purees.
(8)
Informacion Politik - political Information meetings (internal and foreign
news ore a ee. times a month for. five hours each by the Org. Base
Partin Punes.
(9) Mon. Placim Plant Work- for nonfulfillment of project norms (norms are never
fu-IlluEd: in, ordinary wort schedules) organized by the plant administration.
Obligatory for a]1 workers fonr times as month, at least, in their extra time.
Sessione.lasting four hours each.
(10) Pastrim Ma inert a ?r Machine. maintenance organized by the plant administration
Tor wor ern vice a month, two hours each session.
(11) Lidhje Kulturale B.R.S.S.-Sh ipri a Soviat-Albanian Cultural League Raa7.ist-
men organization in.. compulsory for.all .workers. Branches in every
State enterprise. Meetings lasting, four- hours. twice a month,
(12) Moran a Letrare ., Literary Conference organized by the Org. Ba.ce Partis Punes
once a? eon or five hours for all workers.
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(13) Mbramje Vali2dmi - Entertainment Afternoon organized on a Sunday or Saturday
once a month or six hours by the Org. Baze Partis Panes, the Kshilli
Sindikal and the administration of the enterprise. Dancing, recitals,
premium awards. Obligatory for all workers.
(114) Lexim Shtypi . Public Reading organized once a month for two hours by the O'?g.
Baze Part s Punea. Editor#a1,a and articles are read aloud from the Zery
Popu? l.it, Bashkimi, Runa;, Rin j a.
(15) Lexim Roman Sovjetik - Reading of . Soviet Novels organized once a month for
r:Eve hours. a Org, Baze Partis Punes and the Council of the 1.idhje
Kulturale. A worker reads aloud to all the others.
(16) Huaj a Shtetnore - State Loan, meeting organized once a month for two hours by
the g? azs artis Punes. Workers. are 'invited' to contribute to great
social schievements. The minimum. contribution per worker is 200 lek per month.
The worker receives in retuan a State Loam Bond (Obligazion Bond) supposed to
mature in 20 years.
1C). "In addition to the above meetings for everybody, any members and candidates of the
Labor Party and any members of the Bashki mi . Rinds Runes Shgiprise (Union of Albanian
working ronth) in an enterprise must also attends
(1) Mbledhje Partise -? Party meeting for all. members of and candidates to the Org.
ze Par is Pines of the enterprise. Held once a month for eight hours,
(2) Mbledhje B,R..P.SH. s Youth Organization meeting for all members of the Youth
ga iizati(5_n__1_n_Me enterprise. Held. once a month for six hours. Many Party
menwers are also members of the B.R.P.SH.
(3) Mbledhje Agjitator. -y Agitators' ntcating; organized twice a month for four hours
each for all ag tat:ors and for the Secretary of the Org. Baze Partis Punes of
the enterprise. The Organizata Agjitatorvet (Agitators' organization) extends
through all State enterprises. The members have a propaganda mission.
(14) Te Redaksis Gazetes - Editorial Meeting of the Wall Paper. Obligatory for the
si.x members o e e.dit,orial staff twice a month for two hours.
(5) Huaja Agjitacion - Agitation. for the State Loan. Obligatory once a month for
Tour hours or all.Par:-ty members and candidates and for all members of the
Youth Organization in the enterprise:.,
(6) Situacioni Panes r- Work Si.tuatior., Meeting held twice a month, eight hours
each session, ox all Party members and canal dates and for all members of the
Youth Organization in the ent.erpr_ise. Analysis of work progress ( norms,
projects etc..) of individual. workers, sabotage,, slalclaiess etc.
(7) Mbi SuLmusat Stalcan.owisti - Sulmusi ?Stakanovist Conference organized once
a neon or si< F~ou.r G;`,-the Org. D,az,, Par. ti.s Funi s for all shock i,iorkers.
(8) Fksperiencen Ne Pun e. zJ n; ,i' th)ds, meeting organizeA once a month for six
yours Org, Baze Parti.s 'Ptvies, the plant tLdministration and the Li.dhje
Kul turale for all Party members and candidates and all
members of the Youth Orga ization.
(2) Historija Par.?tia _ History of the Communist Party. Meeting held twice a
mon , our_i-6-dia each,, for al-l. Party members and candidates and all members
of the. Youth Or?gani.zation.
LO) Mbledhje Specia.lt. - Special one for Party mP.rnbers and candidates,
one or members of the Youth Organization. Once a month for four hours.
l este Pervietori meetings hei.d for one or two hours for all workers in a State
ent.erpa'.LSa on na?? ona holidays;; National. Day of the Party ( 8 Nov), Republic Day (11 Jan),
'c-'"iat Army nay (23 Feb),. 1st of May etas
12" VThus at the end of each iv:-king day we r tcers may have to report to a meeting on empty
stomachs or rush home for a meat and rush back for a later meeting. The late meetings
may last until 10 or 12 PM bus. servicfa in Tirana ends at midnight.
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13. "The same security measures apply upon exit from the plant as upon entran ce. The worker
enters the Portier"s house, calls his name ana surname and receives back his Flete-Hyrjb.
These have stayed during the work day on an alphabetical board. No registry is signed upon
exit. The S.Si. armed guard at the gate makes no inspections The Flete-Hyrje procedure
applies if the worker must return again that day to a meeting. No person is allowed to
step inside a State F'_ant without clearance with a Flete-Hyrje. If, for exampla, an
insreetor from the Ministry of Industry is ordered t + inspect a plant he is issued a special
Autnrizim or Authorization document. This is. prepared on normal white paper which bears
V'pinted heading and a facsimile stamp of the Minister 'a signatures, also the stamp of
the Ministry.
l.u. "Subject worker either walks home or takes a bus, The Zdruktharija Misto Nance eiaploys
about 2000 workers; 10% own bicycles. In Tirana the Kambinati Stalin (textile plant), the
Nderrua_r_jia Rruga (State Enterprise for Road Construction and Repair) and the Ndermar iia
Tndus i e Shfetnore Oficina (State Enterprise for Industrial Workshops) and the TJzina
Enter (Enver Pldat) are 1EFe-oniy enterprises whirs. provide. truck service for their wor c:;rs.
15. abject worker gets home about 4115 PM and eats with his wifes black bread and
bostan-tave, a soup made of vegetables and beans,,, if available, otherwise of potatoes and
peppers or cabbage -- meat only four times a month. Then- the worker generally rushes back
to the plant for a meeting. When he gets home again,.', very late, he sometimes has supper,
usually not. The workers attend meetings physically, bat they are generally dozing or
th:; nk n; about what they would ldke to eat.
Housewife ",s Routine
16. "The wife lines up as early as possible in the line for the bread ration at the
Kooperativa e Konsumi t - Bloku I Bukes X. It opens at 6 AM. She has the following
ration -arde.with which to shops
-Far husbands s_ .Triska e Bukes Puntor I Rand Nr 1 (Food Ration Card No. 1 for Heavy
Workers.. Brea R a t i o n . . gms per day) and Clothing Ration Card
No. 1 for Heavy Workers.)
---Her own, since her husband. _:Ls employod, Triska Ordineref (Ordinary Ration Cards
for food, clothing. and bread -- 400 gm per day .
-Her children's Triska Ordinexef -- issued. because they are attending school, regardless
of thather o a of a family-is emplo)red, but only during the period of
education.
There is no milk for breakfast bey cause milk. ration cards (no free
is
to children. from the ages of one to six. the black market price f or one) liter of are issued
milk only
150 lek The children wash their faces in:plain water. They have a breakfast of onions
and bread, or bread with sugar, bread with tea or bread with jize (buttermilk curd) .
'chool starts at 8 AN.
17. "The housewife goes out to amine up at the various Kooperatives to buy food due her
on her ration cards. The children get out. of school- at noon and eat their main meal at
4 PM, black bread and bostan.tave, The wife, by Albanian tradition, waits to eat with
her husband. She does housework until about 6 PM, then goes out shopping again for food.
The children eat a supper of leftovers at 6 pm. The husband. and wife rarely have supper
since there usually is nothing left to eat.
18,. "During the, month the housewife must attend the following meetings,
Via) Four hours each Sunday with her husband in the morriia meeting of the 1'shil.1i
Frontit Demokratik Lagjeve't ( Council of the Frontit nemolcratic for the 'city
su sec, , attendance obligatory for both.
(b) Four times a month for three hours an afternoons meeting with the Kryecar
(president) of the Kshil:ii Lagja (People's Board organization for the city
subsector . No evoluntary uorkea.
(c) Four tiw_9 a month (not on a Sunday) for two or three hourss meetings of the
Bashkimt. Grues lntifashiste Sh' ipria (Union of Anti-Fascist Albanian Women) ,
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19. "Subject worker... has only one "day a z math, to call hie.owi. Many of the obligatory
plant meetings are held on Sunday afternoon. ame_ Sux,4a' iorning a month he must report
withhie wife. to the. four-hour. mating of the Ka il i Fron.tit Deaakratik Lagjevet. Two
other Sunday mnrninga he mat _performpune 4Yri11untare (l o.z
Lagja. olvnSaryl TPcrks) for his Kshilli
20. "The following calculation gives a rough idea of the tii an Albanian worker spends
at compulsory meetinga and v
per month: oluntary xO' in .addition to his 26 working days (208 hours)
(a) Ordinary workers:
208 hours regular work
_,8 hours at meetings and voluntary work
12 hours at meetings of the Fronti-Den. and work. for the Kabilli Lagja.
358' 's
(b) Labor Party members. and candidates, members of the Union of Albanian Working Youth:
208 hours regular work
138 hours at meetings and voluntary work
70 hours Party and B.R.P.SH. meetings (average)
12-hours local. meetings and work
ours"
758 OM
748.3 IOM
107.73 OM
761.4 OM
761.113 OM
784.3 OM
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