DETERIORATION OF THE POSITION OF THE INDEPENDENT FARMER/FARMING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500470082-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 27, 2011
• Sequence Number: 82
• Publication Date: May 24, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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U.S. Officials Only
CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
Deterioration Qf the Position of the
Independent Farmer/Farming'
district is rather poor, the main farming products . C. 1U>o
DATE DISTR. a.4 May 1954
NO. OF PAGES //
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SUPP. TO
REPORT NO.
~#erminrz conditions in ti7e Nowy Tomysl district. The
Sion ir-assz ed the so 1 quality as in 1937: six hectares land of 3rd cate-
goxEy and 6.5 hectares land of 4th category.
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2. "The assessment of the farm's value and the assessment of taxes to be paid by
the farmer is done on the basis of this commission's classification.
3. "In 1947 the Communist authorities earxrjed out the so-called 'reclassification'
4. . "The reclassification was taken as a basis for changing the tax assessment,
first- of all; secondly, the delivery quotas to be supplied to the state were
fixed on the basis of these categories; anti thirdly, the kind of products that
could be cultivated were laid down in the 'contracting system' with the state.
soil was categorized thereafter as:
6 hectare - Category Na 1 - Wheat and beet soil;
4 heoCC - Category No 2 - Rye and potatq Aso
2 hedtaro - Gatego 'y No 5 - Sandy soil; A I ,,
z hectare e Category No 5 - Untillable soil.
DISIRIDUTION STATE ARMY I:AVY AIR I _I I This report is for the use within the USA of the Intelligerce components of the Departments or
Agencies indicated above. I not to be transmitted overseas w"bout the concurrence of the
originating office through the :..?.Astant Director of the Office of Collection and Dissemination, CIA.
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THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING TNT NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UN.TCD STATCS. ITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE I.. SECTIONS TEs
AND TIA. Of TI.E U.S. CODA. AS AUEN000. ITS TRANSMISSION ON -EVE.
CATION OF ITS CUIITENTS TO ON RECti'IP1 BY AM UNAUTHORIZED PER50H 13
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CONFIDENTIAL/U3 OFF ICIi:i.S OILY
1':: 'contract i;:. sy .um' provided for livestock brcediu us well u.s the culti-
t:f rh of _,la::ts. A.,Lrt from the traditional cultivation of sugar beets or
on ;, ;ne compelled o cultivate certain: _'rescribed numbers of spe
.:.al jroduetc for example, poppy, tobacco L...d fibrous .jla:'ts. here it
i.: cbs:r? ' ti:at within the contract_.)_- :system for special cul-
f': nould choose t.h'
u x ..
':il? T"."1:3 C:_:ro:uct by reason of 'cue S.Jecifie .. _tliru of .115 -i0.T'la.
_~icc.i o Cllr: official assessment classified
\'li,e t and beet soil
T7 J-
..,ft. ail(1. potato Soil
;; ,ii for fodcie1 PfbdU".'ta
:?:e .lowland
U::till:~blc Soil
1.' :hectare
hectares
1. } l:o Ol:a2'e
2. CU hectare
u. '3 hectare (druiiade system)
ILLEGIB
Lack of Fertilizer: Since 1)tEC i::dividual iar~ie, s noa.dinn
thole ?Ci.::..;! ';on hectares of land had practically :IC opportunity to
nlrc: ao : the necessary fertil:i.zer n,t rnl: ' 1.h ? ri.culaurnJ, con?-
err:.t .:n..., :fertilizers were distributed to the kolkhov.es' and only
a vceotrieted quantity was allotted to small land-holders., All PGP's (state-
:1nt' 1?nrm?ived t''-: -nlnntitiee they d Fact. t'ii,v 'the farmers o1' larger
indiv.i ual tracts were obliged to bef,in cultivation of some special
iiw: t :.risiuered vital by 'cite utLL e ltpuppy, LuU~UCU~ _Ui.?
pooe etc.), were they allocated. small :Fertilizer quantities.
In aiuiition lar ;e farm-holders contrn'.cti:r:; for the production of
ou;ar beets could receive certain small quantities of fertilizing
of vari.ous :iuus O' fertilizers used) before World War II.
CON1.L)1;N'1'i1U/Uti Ul''b'Wii1Li IS ift
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is a nonatant decrease in the nuaflaer of i ah.dla . wage. ],ebororK < Aa
they are only able to work abort 'seasons, farm laborers we unable
to support themselves with. such work the year .around. Therefore,
those j ayit~~?gg in the country are in?the majority aged. people ghn0e,,
wofina of ? 1e;et i. i.1e ::tech , ;re~dfl ed. Alo ia.:;. ~itEi::; that,
the industria+ttOfl , dbilde:;. Ada i.d`~3iri~og~r;praatioal1i :all
tine .country;^; to reLru:tations, farmer:: could ,btain an investment credit
in the omoun?i of their 'egistered puyinents. The liquidation of the FOR was ar-
rang;ed by the authorities without much aid. Although
CONL'IMOTIAL/US OFFICIALS ONLY
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b
i
yet bas not been put into-practice. It must
tributions bad been paid before the revaluation of the zioty.and consequently
it is very difficult to estimate the actual value. The Agriculture Saving Bank
itself suffered great losses when the farmers repaid their credits in the de-
valued zlotys,
y
ons paid
the contribut
were even Luoned from time to time to present their bank books -,this plan as
b added that the majority of con-
46. "Agricultural taxes are due for payment on instalment rates, namely, in January,
February, May, August, September, and November.
47. "Another burden imposed on the farmer is the compulsory work he has to perform
without being paid on behalf of his settlement and his community.
(a) For the settlement: Manual work (pieszy szarwark) - 26 days
during the year at 12 zlotys per day.
Cart with horse - six days during the year at 74 zlotys per day.
The peculiarity of this kind of burden is that it can only be worked
off partly, up to the amount of 250 zlotys. For the rest, the farmer
has to pay in cash. Consequently, he pays each year around 500 zlotys
for his settlement.
(b) For the community: The farmer has to report to work with one horse and
a cart (farms with one horse for six days per year) farms with two horses
or more for sixteen days per year). This kind of work is evaluated at 72
zlotys per day. This work has to be completely carried extra: If aofarmer
does not report to this ordered work, he has to pay
zlotys and additionally a compensation of 150 zlotys for each day not
worked? This high penalty puts the farmer under pressure to appear for
this compulsory-work.
48, 'Among the work to be performed by farmers are first line repair and conservation
of highways, hauling of, wood from the - forests or transporting construction
material to the state investment places. In addition, drainage and irrigation
work have to be performed. The latter under the Communists administration is
called 'irrigation activity'.
49. "As a result, the compulsory and nonpaid work adds additional burdens to farm
work in Poland. A 122 hectare farm 'pays' yearly:
For the settlement 765 zlotys
For the community 1,152 "
1,908 zlotys
50. "Altogether the burdens on a farm per year are as follows:
(a Loss by the compulsory quota system 39,864 zlotys
b Taxes and insurance 13,500
(c Compulsory work 1,908
55,272 zlotys
51, "All- these imposts are only slightly compensated for by the chance offered
to the farmer of buying some merchandise from state warehouses. This com-
pensation means that such merchandise can otherwise not be bought at all - or may
only he purchased on the black market at very high prices .- for example, coal or
ferti.l-izers ? or that prices for such commodities are lower than on the free market."
CONFIDENriAL/us OFFICIALS ONLY
Compel. 2t 'Aork ('Szarwark' )
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/01/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000500470082-7