DEVELOPMENT OF POLISH LIVESTOCK BREEDING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500600082-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 2, 2011
• Sequence Number: 82
• Publication Date: August 5, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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DATE D I STR .3AV 6 1954
N0. OAF PAGES
N0. OF ENCLS.
,y,
U. S. Of})cisla Only
CONF IDEN~'IAL
~.
T~T'
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
IIo1F?R:NATIQM IiEPOf~T
Of TNl UFII[0 fT?1l] ?, T?I? I?[?[?ri ND O! ?I fl[ ,I f[CIiD?] 1]I
?Y0 ][?. 01 ??I. u.f. COO[, ?[ ?Y{?D10. il] iN??fYl ]310? 0. ]t v[~
uriw, ar in co?n?n To o? ]{u i.r [. .? u??ul?Dn ,u ]u~o? i.
SUPP. TO
REPORT NO.
"Statistics showing the state of livestock breeding in Poland during
the poet-World War II years prove that untll ly4y 'oliah nari-
culture xas Yairly successful in this particular sector, xith tht'
exception of pig breeding, and not only achieved but even eaceeded
the targets oi' production laid down in the Three-Year Plan. After
1949, however, a serious setback nea ~bserred in this development,
inaemucin as the increase in the heads of cattle dad pigs proceeded nt
a much slower rate. This .Led to a revision oi' tLe provisions of the
Six-Year Plnn concerning livestock breeding, which was approved by the
8er_ond Congress of" the Polish Communist Party. ~I
c^. "It 1s characteriFtic that the a0{me year ly4y xhich brought a eierioua
.decline in the rate oi' development of Polish agriculture, appears
also as a crucial year for the i'luctuatlona of the state of Polish
animl breeding. The concluaiou seeas to be pretty obvious, alaca it
was that very yenr~194y~which was marked by suddenly increased
pressure on the peasants to form collective Parma.
3- "In animal breeding, the periods of insecurity and fear of 1;a) ,B
risks, which hamper the effort of the producer, bring ei'fecte fat'
more lasting than in any other sphere of agriculture. A much ]conger
tuna ie needed xp atnlce up for the teaporary neglect, and also there
is o much Rreater need for expert'"'_'~321~ iSi' lhSa ' ~"'~ "'
of agriculture. 'Phorei'ore, such upheavals as enYorced collectivl,pM-tion
are bound to prove more harmful to the state oP livestock than~,to the
4- "The situation in animal breedi.n~:,i~ij~{AU. serious that it was openly
y ..,
acknowledged by the government in ,195;1.y when Minister Mine admitted
that there existed 'slight racilldt~,Oiis' :.n the nunbere of hea3~s of
cattle. In his analysis , he gave ai)r,C. reasons for such a state 'of
affairs. The first was, that the jrnoditctdOn of cattle fodder we.s' far
behind the needr.. The second was ij,~ :':eiiatence in the countrysiide of
f .~.~ .
U. S. .Offi,g9clt Only
CO1vFIDENTIAI. '
[DI STRI~UTI ON ~ STATE ARYT NAVY IV~A`1'R~ FDI ~{ i~/
Thls report le for the use wlthln the UBA at the InyyoolUgenns !components of the Departments or
Aaencics indicated above. It 1s not to be trarurmitled~ over4eYE without the c?nrui'rehce of the
originating office through the Asslstnnt Director of LhB"Oillce ;o't Co1lecLion and Disscmtnatlon, CIA.
+ I
~_ _.
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fraKmentery officie.l reports iubliahed In tkie~Pread 6f' Poland, and from
tH~.United.Natians Year Hcoki The atate_i.s given for 3~ Sane of escl`~.;
"The follwing table shows the numerical state of Yalloh liveatoc;s
during tha point-{:vrld War t2 yearac '(The figures are ta'ren from
found its way to the ehanncle of 111egal d,atrlbvtian.
'kvlak elements' and of the 'capitnli.+t epe~.>>>_ntors' in tcn+ns, ovine
to which - in Y.ls opirlon - s lar3e portion of cattle production
"The r::.LUnl Ete:ta e:' ealP:ai trer~;:?w; c,P._rctnta nrnt and dairy .Produc-
tion ~~f the caantr~ ? Sta..s:~:~.al data concerning thiF productlon in ,,
Poland are-verysca:ti:e; tt~vr~:er, .Pie :a~luvind table may-give some ideb
1+' -
it~
}dil:~e' (SaCI.. mills far
but*.er & cheese prod. )
in milli..ns~ o liters:
50X1-HUM
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+~) TarF;et iar milt, pradu~tton: ,2k million iit_rs iti 1a55~
ea c me
clearly the fa? lur^ of the retit.~:~t38 _, __,~.!. _~
production. if Lhese exp?rts are conaiderc-d, the. ration of meat., per
h d a s ov' to be very pitiable indeed. TS:eae atatiabics illuetratie`
vould~reault in a weekly meat ation of less than 6'75 grams. This e
estimate hrucver 3oea net ca~.e 'r:' a sccwrt the enormaua exports of meat _
and meat produ:.ts which may hn~. :aounted to about e half of the entire ~ ,
any ei ec z _ ~ _ ,.,
.production vac n' least ?~~ E1lograr..n per head, accepting the number of
population 25 miliione lth!s number war precsuw+bly smaller. et that time):
b.) Meat production cg3ru.ivtec: per head oi' populatioa-did sat sh
'f t've sncraase b`tvreTa the ears lyh9 sad 1~~5'~- In 19kq tg1'a
means of high pricPa.
a,) ThA gr..nt i :crease 1x bu-.:.er rr:dvction r*.sultcd in the son-'
tU1fllment of t.argetn in other xs;,;.cr:~ i,i dairy production (pa3teurized
..._ _._ ~ ,..~_ ~._.,.,~ .,,...,... .. tn~ .gym .xxrnw-~ra?f vrnorti ofl]uttl-r.-
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spsculatioa in seat, but it is proportionately too small to influence
eerionsly the general position. As to the ineufficleat production of
fod8ar, Vino ?'e right, insofar ae the utilization of pasture lands is
Poland is still inadequate, and there ie a seed for more sellorations.
govswr, this isuufficiont production of fodder ie also largely due to
the pss zeasoae trhich caused the general decline. of Polish agriculture,
i.e., to the scare of collectivi~tioa.
"Thy reasons which Minister load 8~'e as a.6iais ?for what he
"euphesisti'd~l.ly calle8 'slignc vacillations', ere only +artly true.
-did sot pay enough nttentioa to the proper building up of ropraduetioa
wreck. This'is revealed by the decree of the Council of Kinistern of
is the very inCa}srt and faulty handling of this phase of agriculture
by goveraseatal planners and bureaucrats. Their mistake tree that they
of livestock s? it vac is 194y, ,, fodder needs aarnsnted to 11,Sdo,o00
-tone of potatoes sad sore than tiMO ~sllicut of rye, barley aa~ oats.
Nita the gradual increase in heads of livestock, these Welds also 6r'??
by about.tvo million tone of potntoee and 500,060 tons of corn every
year. Hawver, at that time ~ykY`-] came the general lo~reriag of agri-
cultural production and the stabilisation of potato and grain crops at
a lover lwel, due sainly to the rollectivination campaign.
"Apart iron tht pastures, the 'fodder-base' is provided by the basic
agricultural products: rye, Date, barley and potatoes. Kith the state
17 Dec 53, which states the urgent need for regular breeding of anis2~
for reproduction. In thin aectoi - it is implied -planning has bash
iaadaquatr, sad it hu been left to the sercy of ?epontaneous processes'.
50X1-HUM
should be attributed-sainly+to the-regisa~. -Hhile-the.proportion,of~ 50X 1 - H U M:_,
agriculture: ~7,3a5,~ 9,736,E 3,336,E
Nusber of heads is production
cooperatives and state-owned
iarss (PCBs)
and that the policy of the government towards these farmers mast apeds
have a detrimental effect oa the general situstioa in livestock breeding
is 'socialist ngricnlture'. At preaeut, however, it is still clear that
the main burden of liveatack_productioa lieu oa the indiviZnnl farmers,
Its contribution in the production of cattle is about 7'~f,
`? pigs " 11~
" sheep " 10'~
'nocialiet agriculture', the position is ae followas. ,
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State of anisal breeding (heads) an 30 Tun 53s
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- 4 _
14. "The above mentioned decree of the C~;unci oi' N~nisters, or' 1"( Dec ~~?,
and later the Second Congress oi' the Communist Yarty, taking under
consideration the unsatlEl'accory results obtained In the uli'il~nent
oP plans for livestock breeding, cari?ie6 out a revise]- of previously
accepted twr?er,s of.' the six-year Plan in this sec?or of agriculture.
15? "These revised targets, in comparison with the previous ones, gee as
f'cllows:
In thousands ui heads:
Cattle Love only Pie Sheep
Target fee 1y55 under `
the original plan: i,5uO o,4bu lu,jOO 3,300
Target for 1y55 under
the revised plan: '(,,,UV-$,luC ~,tiUO lU,oOU-11,100 4,200-4,300
lc? "The table shaves that tiie target ibr cattle bias been reduced, while
targets for pigs and sheep increased Shee .,reedi
satief'actor~ p' ng '-a the moat
/ phase of all livestock breeding and there is some chance
that here the aims vi ,he government will be achieved. As to the
target i'or pig breen.ing, see.ns to oe exaggerated, especially since -
as it is shrnrn by the i'irst table oi' this report - pig breeding met with
serious setbacr:a in the post-World War Ii yeF ~ ~ ?~til now has not
regained all lost gronn~. Tc ach.ieve this ambttioua target, 1t would
be n_cessary to rai[,e the numbers of heads of pigs by about one million
In the course of .1,54-55 (about 400,000 heads per year are needed for
the renovation or the stocr).
1'7? "lvnatever the results may be, the concentration of greatest efforts on
sheep and pig breeding is very characteristic. It would show that the
policy ox' the government In the domain oi' livestock raising is motivnted
not ao much by the intention to obtain better supplies s'or the internal
food market, as by economic reasons o1' other nature. It may be
assumed that the increase ui' targets i'or pig breeding has been under-
taken vita exports in mind. Greater quantities of pork meat, sausages
and bacon may enable Polana to intensii'y her trade exchange in the Sleet.
Sheep breeding, on tue other hand, will ma Poland less dependent on
imports 2'rom the West of v?ol i'or per textSle industry. Ia 1953, 84~ of the
needs of this industry ye re supplied !'rom .imports of :orcigL
wool, and only ~Cr>o ?'rcnn the couniry's ~.,n proauction If the new
target for sheep breeding; .s achieved, tins ratio will be modified to
dP,6 and 2~.rb oi' polN.nu ? s c~Wn pr~,duction at least maintained if a
simultaneous increase :n the production oi' woolen textiles co:ues into
e1'1'ect."
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