INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500740086-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 29, 2001
• Sequence Number: 86
• Publication Date: January 1, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

ABC C~J'Iff kA el a Q~ ,Q/Q ~ (r~l? -YRDP80-00809A00050074001 6 3L
STAT:INTL CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO.
COUNTRY C7C:.'.1'_ :-r CH INA
SUBJECT INDICATIONS OF PSYCH 13GICAL VULNERABILITIES
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
TMIS DOCUMENT COMTAIMO IN TON NAT( N An[CTIMO THE NATIONAL DVEMSE
Of tME UNITED STATES WITMIM THE NEARING of if PIOMARI ACT SO
u. a C.. E I AND SE. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSNISSIOM ON TM[ REVELATION
0 17 illOIIIRI TED If PRO.
1'17,0 NT TLAN. I aIFRODUCTIOINI Cr T"ls FORiMOlfl
"
DATE OF MmY 26-June 1, 1952
INFORMATION
DATE DIST.
NO. OF PAGES 9
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
STATI NTL
CFP; Report No. 24-A -- COhM11UNIST CHINA
May 26 - June 1, 1952)
. PEC?AL CAMPAIGNS .............................. 1
CO?t- RGE AND INDUSTRY .......................... 1
AGRICUL".'JRA PROBLMS .......................... 5
WELFATF. PROBT2MS ............................... 7
THOU PT C'ONTROL ................................ 8.
NAT'IOt1AL MMItTORITIES ............................ 9
MISCEL;ArPTGUS .................................. 9
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SPECLU CAMPAIGNS
Antiwaste, Anti e;:,rruet,ion. Artibureaucrecy. Peking announced in numeral cod
(May 30) that the rt', .rman of the Central Austerity Committee had made a report to
thr aoverneent kdrninlc'..rative Council on the termination of the five-anti's drive.
P,tskden,,reported 'Tune 1) the-, Chinese Volunteers and Koreans, after viewing the
f .ve-ariti's exhitr-,tior. there, praised the strength and unity of Chinese youth and
rrori:-~rs, and promised to convey this spirit to soldiers at the front. Shanghai said
(June l) That the East China Communist Party Committee called a meeting ?thy 29 to
reviewithe role of democratic parties in the anticorruption drive and map plans
for coord natin.:; p-ivate industry under the leadership of the working class.
Wuhan stated (1.tay 29) thal workers, students, farmers and soldiers among the
14,00COlperscns that saw the anticorruption exhibition at Wuhan during the
Dragcn Festival expressed their determination to support the working class struggle
against the attacks of corruption capitalists. Nanchang reported (May 30) that
shop clerk Shao .tan-te had been given membership in the Shangjao, Kiangsi, Youth
Corps ':iecause of his work dicing the anticorruption drive. He refused to be bribed
by his employer, who attempted to cover up her own corruption by offering to let
him mailry per sister. His exposure of the attempted bribery inspired shop clerk
Chou Shou-liang to accuse his proprietor of trying to get rid of him by offering
to arronge a.ma:-ridge in Nano?tang, and the two shop clerks then exposed 40 corrup-
11 tion n ses, including that of merchant Chou !--fen, who evaded 6 million Yuan in
taxes and was guilty of corruption amounting to 190 millions.
Increased Produ,,*ioo an_i Austerity. Anshan (May 26) quoted from a KUNG JEN SENG
HO PAOIarCicle call~n~ upon workers to promote the drive for increased production
and austerity, and charging cadres with a neglect of workers' problems and failure
to understand the economic and political significance of the drive. To promote
increased produu--tion and austerity, workers in the packing section of the No. 6
Cement',i'A'crks ha.i organized an inspection committee to check on waste. Dairen
announq I ed (May .-26" that the Youth Corps had called a rally of 6,000 members to pro-
mote production ac ;t austerity in local factories. Tsinan reported (May 31) that
workers in the :singtao Railway )Machine Shops had made 215 rational proposals during
the past 13 mo; ths, with 33 adopted in 1.952 alone, at a saving equivalent to 57,548
cattier, of grain.
Shanghai stated (May 29) that. East. China coal operators had held a conference to map
plans for. increasi :g production 30-50 percent in 1952. China Sea Food Company
boats No. 6614 and 6022 netted more than 100,000 catties of fish by use of a new
seinin method... H.3.ngchow announced (May 27) that in Hsiaoshan Hsien, Chekiang,
cadres,lhad challenged each other to compete in saving, with deposits of 13 million
yuan made in tho first 6 days of the contest. Wuhsi reported (May 26) that workers
and owners of three Chenchiang, Kiangsu, cloth factories had signed a pact to raise
production, maintain labor discipline, and refrain from tax evasions, with each
workeri,Ipledged to produce an extra yard of cloth and contribute the resulting wages
to a patriotic cause. Wuhsi added (May 29) that in the Lita Oil Shop, Wuhsien,
workers signed a patriotic production pact immediately after the anticorruption
drive closed, and held meetings with owners to plan for increased production. The
ownersiwere so veil pleased that they added 1.4 billion yuan to their capital, and
built dormitories, dining halls, and bathhouses for the workers.
COMMEERU AND INDUSTRY
Gains from Anticorr?'lption Drive. Anshan declared (May 29) that Board of Trade
Chairman Li Wei-chun, "after experiencing the clearsing effects" of the anti-
corruption drive, was r?oorgnnizing the trade unions along democratic lines. As a
resuitHof the "patriotism and class consciousness" engendered by the drive, the
Hsu Mao-hsien team of the Anshan Cement Works saved hundreds of millions of yuan
by protecting cement and equipment when a water main burst. Dairen stated (May 26)
that "as a result of the enthusiasm" generated by the anticorruption drive, workers
in the'IDairen Shipyards repaired eight ships 51 days ahead of schedule. Peking
reported in numeral code (May 30) that Hu Li-chiao, deputy chief of th.; Organization
Department of East China, had selected a large number of active anticorruption
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drive ?^or :ers for r. ~:'. i?wi zls ir. ec:norric enterprises, stating that the proved cali-
ber of these wo_?i er s would be of ^In(?rse value in China's economic program.
Sh nghai acsert.nd `Mav 9 that, r of Ha---chow's 28 State factories had raised
prc.dur,t ion as a re sul'': h drive, had saved 2 billion ytran, and had brought
labor and rn< ng?,ment in. Jir.proving both r_uality and quantity of Pro-
duction. Ha-. st,?it?'d 'f.~'l:, 271 that Lin ` _e-ho of the Ningpo Ironworks, who
c(1_llec`od ir.for:nat:o. d .rinc; t):e sntic:orr?Jntion dri-ve, also had introdur.ed inllo-
vation._ the ra isod I?:ar. ehow said May 28) that numerous undesira-
ble elements hedi teen rr'?[tde ?l-,t of the F ilwsy workers :pions of Chekiang
during the dri., 'r' to tn- uT.iin ii-1?chow, Chinhua, and Shangjao now being
rear a:;ize,i. ng ling-Chung, and Yen Shou-fu of the
-,r
.col o 1.'Ie :1 P.i?:1,..';~; 'T "AFa;f tr,ansoort. :o. had been made section heads
a, results hive accomplishments.
'r1'uha i declared `7) !'rnt r i:..,3:lltitions in the Chungyuan Match
Co. had lad to C',nf essi.c;ns cf O??r"lip t,`_on. the signing of law-abiding pacts, the
bringing :gut of r.Liiden C,-old 1o!' pio nC'.fcn. and an increase in production.
Workers 1.. '?i?~'_ tobac 7 Sd-}.?orlo.`S undertook to supervise managem-nt during the
drive, with _ . s+li: Tl~ :in(-reas? in prc u"t Lor,. a saving of 10 million yuan, and
i, 10 pcr,:ant redurt.i C,n i!?, `, l iuainan reported (':+,ay 29) that the Huainan
rr':1liories the "inrre?ase,i class coisciousnesc" of the workers as a result of the
drive hrad led to an evr?hsng;a of r,X:eriences and introdllct ~~"fOSt-saving Yn~iB
vat ions .
Wu 3n ?st: ted 'Wray 27, exr?c'ra, s in many fartori.e.s had been greatly
Tedur.er, tth.rough supo:^.S.s :on :'` t:i~. ? rkers; that soap factor; workers in Hankow
hid .a.:--Pd ur,- uc' ios fro!:: to 31.9; that a hardware factory in Canton
ilad ,C.CreaSe(d rrclriuct.i.o'" metal parts to 14,476; and that.
(!Tug stores in, f,ul ! on! fake drugs.. Peking said in numeral
rode (Maj( ~t,) that. ,;e?_?,t.; ui an .? .,r"ri1!.I! iron and foal Co. workers were enthusi-
iia*. ici 11 v' setting new records, with 'one- team melting 36, crucibles of steel in
8 hours. Wuhar. declare('. ('.!d * 2''?, tic-"at bemuse of the success of the drive,
Capit.::J..!^t CaI:COI: word "ri sucirig' operations" under' the leadership of State
ir,d ~S?1'.le,~ :r!'r u 6I'`F:,`_'ion ')= Gf:'= ?7!1Tr(( rs, with one merchant recalling 200 million
,yuan he had s-rt car of the Cou.uT?tr'r for inv?:?tment in his business. Poking added
'May "'(,) (.ba . the c. t_'::r:'Trupt i . n rive c?I imintited most of the corrupt practices
arrrcrlg GzGi on t: '...SlL6?:.ome n. Tor_' iCi;llri,~' obacco Cc,. makers of Fukung, Hung Using,
and .'gun?' nii were irtferaor I had improved their
qu?a1.1ty. re.:f;s:ncd former I "ts, end Incr'ti. 5'ed its machines from 8 to t^ .~ 10.
Sian irnor1.r,l t;M':l;y of t?hr? " ,t icorrt.lpt?ior, drive the hionshui-
Inr:~ h,~rr rr_ i yr now Y'ad:'. _ q.c i?'_ ea `.t _ :?`" :, 1 i`I'?o pe:,a !.s ,of the workers, with a saving
of hundreds oil ti01',s (?r. Pe said in numeral code (May 26) that in
the liar! ;)ranch of !.:,C: t;j;C,r,~C ?r;u i ..r~ Adrrlin sbration, 156 loyal anticorruption
drive workers had been r'rr.rot.ea, nine of them m a.3 ' der?aty fa(,,-,,Dry managers. Mang
i~lliZlg-she!"t~' wa:J made for ma C: "'.f the _'.,ans anch'ar?o ra lw,'ty y,.I(ls, and Idu le-chuff, C?
Painter who ir't:ive1y .. r.us d r:iereha *,' was prom(--)-,ed. in seieeti.ng the men'to be
promote one i.E?r`alli^.iJrT: i"??:~ r..'?wed `,'~:r? IISe of hi.. edge and experience," but
he was tt: ^d rr lYr 1;v :ha .. .`'r:! i'5 br_-.r i(l.5C he 'culd not endure suffering, l ::? d to
en jnv ii f er i ,a isar' fT, m the 1I'viSces, " J.T:dIcatin that "knowledge and eXperi.-
enr?t=" war r::-'l oun( i'rr promotion. Sian added (?tune 1) that in
, llnine =rd:Te;_Sa.":g prcditetion and lowering costs as a result
of the ,... _._....ttl!r had asvei. hundreds of mil]i.ons of Yuan.
Churigking an::r;rced PiLy tb:= S llthwest S.ait Co, had reduced its expendi-
tures by 50 pe:'.'C,Q11t? as ~a ri~"ili t? of the drive, cui.tin., prices 4 percent in
Kwe?chow and 5-7 pert eat in ursterrl 7zechv:an, largely because it r?losed :200 of its
300 sales offi-es and reduced persora,al, Chungking added ('day 29) that because of
reduced jircduccicn costs, ssl.t prices in Churagi:irg had been cut 5 percent, and had
been lowered 10.87 maroon t. j ,n the minority areas of Kve.i chow, Szechwan, and Sikan8.
Chungking claimed (May 26, til_ t, because of the success of' the drive, the Kunming
branch of the State-operite(i China :rarsport Co. had reduced freight rates 24.3
percent and rasser.,g'er rac-s -6.6 percent.
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Soviet Advisers. An^''an declared (May 26) that workers in one local factory
saved the equi'ralen'of 0,000 catties of grain by adopting Soviet methods for
banking coal. fires, and 6.0CJ catties by accepting Soviet methods in use of
materials. Chinchow reported (May 26) that of the Ssuping Station on the
Chinese-Changchun Rai;way the dispatchers "have been conservative and have re-
fused to adopi new ways," with the result that a Soviet expert was called in to
conduct classes fo dispatchers. After 12 dispatching teams adopted Soviet
methods, their efficiency was tripled. Peking stated in numeral code (May 25)
that Fushev, member of the Soviet. May delegation to Peking, gave a demonstration
on high-speed metal rutting for Shanghai model machinists May 22, and presented
cutting tools to mode workers in 1,; factories, including the Chiuchiang and
Wusung Machine Shops. Maria Fyen'::o, Fn:m.anian woman textile worker, demonstrated
the handling of ?2 machines in Shanghai, causing model. textile worker Hang Pei-lan
to exclaim, "P,'e must humbly learn progressive production methods from progressive
workers in our fraternal Nations."
Shangh-ii .sserted (MAay 29^ that Fast China coal mines would increase production
30-50 per,ora in 1952 and reduce the accident rate "by adoption of progressive
mining practices used in the USSR." Tian chow reported (June 1) that model farm
worker Chen ifsia.ng-Mien had reported from Moscow, where he visited a farm imple-
ment factory producing bCO machines a day and the Stalin Auto Works, producing 200
cars da;r, ..uhari announced (May 2e) that ceremonie. were held at Shashi, Hupeh
May 2. for presentation. of a banner from Mao Tse-tung L,u workers on the Chinchiang
flood control project., when Minister Fu Tso-i, who made the presentation, was
accompanied 'by bukov, "So:iet adviser to the Ministry of Conservancy."
Attempts to From ,te Trade_ Pe..)n_r rerort.ed in numeral coda (t:!ay 25) that the
North China native products exchange meeting, held to "sol' the temporary
stagnation in 'the interflow of comnodi'_es; " closed May 21 kai'ter transactions had
reached a total of 745 billion yuan. Among the items for which sales were found
were 500,000 mats made by "disaster-striken people" in the Paoting and Tientsin
Special L'is+?ricts of lcpei . and cloth and native herbs which had been unsaleable.
Meetings w''-, held to correct the "unwholesome unilateral thought," of some trade
groups than. scurb:t ?to make sales but no purchases, and to break down the; idea that
high prices were prci'itytio to peasants, when actually they should seek to sell
more goods si. lower prices. Sliarh'_-,aai declared (May 31) that the State trading
company of Fukien T-rc:v..nr reoer.,iy hat sold 40 billion yuan worth of native pro-
ducts to State tradir:g. can:psnies in other provinces, and though some export products
were goin_- to the ;wR, most cf the goods formerly sent to Hong Kong now was being
absorbed by the domestic mar'-et.
Hangehow stated (May 27) that. Wu Hsiao-year., stationmaster at Pailotang on the
Chekiang-niangsi Railway, had organized his staff to act as shipping and selling
agents for fruit and tea gr..wer_ of the area, "in order to provide an outlet for
their products." Workers in the 'Tachang Textile Mills of Yinhsien, Chekiang, had
been forced to borrow machinery from other factories in order to fulfill the
heavy contracts with arc ''hina Textile Company. Hangehow added (June 1) that a
delegation had been sent from 'Yuyao, Chekiang, to Yinhsien "in order to liquidate
the stocks of native products which had been accumulating." Wuhsi reported (May 27)
that the People's Bank at Cbangshu, V--sh, had advanced 67 million yuan to
merchants who were buying bristles, while the Changshu branch of the China Bristle
Co. had made similar Loans. Alanturg stated (June 1) that with the termination of
the anticorruption drive, ship clerks were helping shop owners find ways to develop
trade, while the local Austerity Committee had called a meeting of businessmen to
discuss trade expansion.
Wuhan asserted (May 26) that local cooperatives had greatly expanded trade following
the anticorruption drive, rafter they had first eliminated landlords and lawless
elements from their membership and purged capitalist agents from their administratim
Wuhan added (May 30) that "in order to revive Kwangtung's rural economy" fniicwing
the anticorruptior. drive, cooperatives had distributed 116,000 tons of fertilizer
with the aid of a 1.0-bill.ion-yuan farm loan, and ha," bought up hundreds of thousands
of catties of Kwangtung lichis, pineapples, and bananas for shipment to North China
markets.
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Chungking announced i.June 1) that the Southwest D.3partment of Trade had called
a conference Moy 16 to map plans for interregional trade through State trading
companies, when cadres were ordered "to take a realistic attitude in promoting
trade, and not simply compile meaningless figures." State general merchandise
stores in Chungking had greatly increased their sales by reducing prices, and
had organized teams to sell in the rural areas, factories, schools, and so forth.
Poking reported in r.u.meriI'_ rode (May 29) that following the five-anti's drive,
State trading companies in Ctergtu, Szechwan, had "bought up unmarketable goods
and issued orders for processing goods," while the People's Bank made laons to
private merchants, with the result. that transactions in 16 commodities gained
29.5 percent in April.
Weaknesses and Failures. tlukrien announced (May 29) that the Northeast Depart-
ment of industry had called a meeting of safety engineers from all State-operated
mines and factories to study means of reducing accidents, which have interfered
with nr oduction. Tsinan (May 29) quoted from a ILSL40 NIEN JIH PAO report of a
symposium; May 25 attended by 18 model workers, who supported the newspaper attack
upon Slate textile mills in Shcint.unr' for refusing to implement 1951 textile
production techniques, and Hccure, cadres in the mills of belittling the achieve-
ments of textile workers. while at. the same time refusing to give adequate recogni-
tion to the techniques- A Yuan Fenn Mill worker accused leading cadres of
bourgeois leanings and capitalistic '.Linking, and was joined by the other workers
in demanding thorough thought reform. Tsinan added (June 1) that managers of State
factories in Shantung were guilty of bureaucracy and refusal to accept workers'
suggestions? In one factory 210 out of 400 ,manufactured r)-ducts were found de-
fective. The management of the 1sinan office of the Shantung Construction Co. was
charged with taking no action concerning the series of accidents May 15-17, when
machinery suffered 25.3 million yin worth of damage, or the eight serious acci-
dents that had occurred during the past 3 months..
Peking reported in numeral code (May 31) that workers in the Paofu Ironworks of
Shanghai were giving Indoctrination courses to senior workers in an effort to
expose the error of their thinking, as senior workers dreaded to face their
employers, whom they had exposed dur?ing the anticorruption drive, and feared they
would be called "unstable" if seen talking with their employers. Hangehow announced
(May 28) that the Chekian Finance Office would conduct a series of training
courses in fiscal work, as Director Yer. Shi-yin of the Tax .iureau had revealed a
serious lack of training among tax collection cadres, and evasions of 30 percent
of income taxes by merchants in 1951, Hangchow stated (MAxv 26) that workers in
the Yungfuhsiang Silk Mills had held meetings with owners to "map plans for reviv-
ing production," as the enthusirisre of' the workers had increased with the anti-
corruption drive, but the propriet:,)rs "were indifferent, and hesitant to expand
production." llangehow said (Maw 27) that local "unemployed workers" had finished
clearing two rivers in the area, and would complete work on the third in June.
Hangchow added (June 1) that production in the Hofeng Textile Mills of Yinhsien,
where "production was out drastically in ?:!arch and April" because of the anti-
corruption drive, was showing improvement. Workers in the ungehiang. Chechiang,
Li Hua, and No. 1 Union Mills of.Harigu the religious beliefs and
customs been honored. protected, and respected, but all traditional rractices have
been permitted to remain intact :anal unaltered." "eking said 26) that since
the Liberation, 72 schools had been estalblished in the ;?bet.an Autonomous Area
of ::ikanb, with children who never had !any previous E?Itir?atiorial opportunities
attending. ChunUking reported (?.ia 28) that. 147 veterinariar, teams already had
inoculated 8,00C head of livestock Jr tho Tibetan Autonomous Area, and would
eventually inoculate 340,000.
Poking reported in numeral code May 2") that medical and trade cadres left
May 13 for a tour of 3 months in tt'ir T?, . _,n9 .`'Denial Districts .of Sinkiang
,
where they would "intror_ucro modern medi,c.ir,e the nomads and barter daily
necessities for native .roducts.' added ('ttz 3i') that before the Libera-
tion there were 20 student. in the i a:.'!tiao Village 'jig:Cuir school of Turfan ilsien
Sinkiang. The school had no chairs or tables, . i oil the nomad children sitting;
on the bare earth to studs their leessor,s.
MISCELU ,T'OUS
Medical Team. The Tsing tae. li. I ';.'earn,, whir... lof f ,:,r the Korean front
June 12 last year, arrived back it. '"siI?L tr_G r; 7.oot except for two wounded members,
Tsinan reported (Nay 29". At a reception honer, irn;r, t. ie team, speakers attacked
American germ rf are ,
Counterrevolutionaries. :;irral: said (Lis 2 j Y that ki:e SI rtur -arty C: ---ini.ttee
held a meeting to urge ale public s-_-!cur ty fo_?cos to combine in a thorou,jh
campaign to wipe out counterrevr,'_utioruaz ies . The Commit, e reported that agents
had aided Americans in spread'_r bact,er a; -that. In Chu Lir:i iisien, Ling; Htueh-
hsi held a public meeting to attack the I 0erim'era and threaten AL0 Yung-thing,
chu Party secretary; and that Chu C!rln-p: i of Cb . 5, Lini "sien, carried on counter-
revolutionary activities ander the c.'.eaii of the !3rcicorruption drive.
Immoral Conduct. !(urchanV_; reported (',,ay 2?" that the ^a.rty Committee of Lutu H.-.ien,
Kiangsi, had ordered the arrest of r:i:ie-ncr?ao :eachor Hu Li-chi.. After being
expelled from his village for ha-vi-rig llicit relations with Wang Shu-pao, he ;lent
to another village and tried to get ridli af his wife so he could marry 'lung Chi-
ching, a young school girl.
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