INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500740229-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 29, 2001
• Sequence Number: 229
• Publication Date: March 16, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT N0.
INFOIRMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CJ ND.
AppCr&y,e$c~F~ rT lea 2Q$~3{jpkQ1 L~~ I ; P80-00809A000500 4022WL
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT INDICATInNS OF
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
01
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N? 70.. OF t.l 0.0. CC OI. .t .. "'-T. Ito 70.w 0r 0,I** .aw&.
..t10. 01 ITI CO.ll.TI /0 00 ?IC[I.T 0T .. 11..uTw0.I100 It100. 10.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CPW Report No. 71 Ineide.USSR
,~ - 9 February 1953)
?
CTIVITIPS ................... 2
IDEOLOGICAL
Vigilance Campaign ................... 2
Alien Influence on Youth ............. 4
Know Thy Enemy ....................... 5
INDUSTRY ........... .................. 6
STATE
ARMY
CLASSIFICATION FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
PSYCEO1JD ICAL VULNERABILITIES
DATE CF 3-9 Fobrunry 1953
INFORMATION
DATE DIST./March 1953
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
FBI I 11 I I i
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The vigilance cam_ j n still gets heavy ;lay cr, the hero service, and .a ortloited
indirectly in a variety of cont.exta rar.airg from agriculture: shortcoi nga to
embezzlement of state funds and imocraltty in ,:r:vats life. School teachers are
enjoined to imbue their young students with a sense of "wowed ulnae," Konsomole
and nonpartisan youths are urged to read available publications on "hew to recognize
the enemy within" and Party organizations throughout the country are advised to
make the screening of applicants for membership more thorough than has been 'the caae
heretofore. Political vigilance I, like charity, begins at home, that !a within the
ranks of the Communist Party, according to ZARYA VOSTOKA of 3 February. The Party
Is the most coveted organization in the Scviet structure; spies and dlveraioniata
"of every stripe" (veekh maetei) would like to worm their way in for "espionage
and sedition" purposes. The superficial and perfunctory manner in which new members
are admitted to the Party, says the editorial, "force us to make serious conclusions"
(saatavlyayut nee delat aeryoznile vyvody), and one is that not a single person
anywhere in Tbilisi or elsewhere in the Republic into be ,dmitted to the Party
without an exhaustive preliminary investigation:
It must be remembered and never forgotten that
political vigilance is first and foremost designed
to preserve the purity of the ranks of the
Communist Party.
In a double page PRAVDA article ion revolutionary vigilance broadcast on 6 February,
Kczev declares that the "recently uinmasked disgusting group of corrupt Jewish
bourgeois-nationalists" provides additional proof, if any vane needed, that
intensified political vigilance must become second nature with every citizen of
the Soviet Union. He goes on to! list the activities of Gurevich, Taratuta, Sae
and Romanov who, until their recent arrest, had managed to roam the country at
will and engage in a variety of anti-State activities. Involved also is the chair-
man of the Moscow Oblast Industrial Leather Trust (Mosoblkozhpromsoyuz), A. R. Malkis,
who is said to have helped the spy Romanov obtain a responsible job in Moscow
Oblast.
Reminding the Soviet people that there can be no two views on the current inter-
national situation, Kozev admits that different opinions on the subject actually
have been voiced by "ill-starred politieians" (gore -teoretiki), "dogmatistis and
scholastics" (dogmatiki I nachetchiki). Some of them "even went so far as to
say" (dogovorilis dazhe do togo)ithat the USSR was no longer threatened by
imperialism thereby imploying that a relaxation of vigilance was in order. Such
"reasoning" (rassuzhdenie) is said to be anti-M.arxian and harmful since it betrays
an underestimation of the potential danger residing in. the politically-unstable
elements of Soviet society and the enemies capacity of exploiting it:
It would be wong to believe that with the liquidation
of the exploiter classes in the USSR international
capital lost the opportunity of recruiting its
agents within our country ... fragments of the
broken exploiter classes still exist here and there;
so do the disguised followers of the routed anti-
Soviet groups- Mensheviks, Social Revolutionaries,
Trotakyites, Bv kharinites and bourgeois-nationalists.
Russian text:
Oshibochno bylo by durnat, chto s likvidetsiey
ekspluatatorskikh klassov v USSR mezhdunarosniy
kapital potoryal vsyekuyu vozmozhnost verbovat
svoyu agenturu ,vnutri nashei strany ... oskolki
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rnzbityxh eksplua*n'crsk._kh i~lgss;: kcegde sckhranilis
do sikh per; sokhrnr....s ! zamaskircvann.ie pcsledyshi
raz romlennykh antisc?:etskikh group--nershevikov,
eserov, trotakistov, bukhartntsev, c,;rzhuaznykh
natsionalietov.
Referring to the class struggle (klassovnya borba`, Kozev again implios that a
certain section of Soviet opinion held that since class warfare was over in the
Soviet Union it need no longer claim the concentrated attention of Party theoreti-
cians. This contention is countered ':y the assertion that the class struggle is a
permanent feature of international and Soviet life and canr_ct therefore be
ignored. For regardless of the forms it assumes--civil war, intervention, blockade
or border incidents "engineered by the Anglo-American intelligence"--
the class struggle has been, is and will remain a
struggle between Socialism and capitalism on an inter-
national scale.
Klaesovaya borba byla, set i budet borboy bezhdu
sotsializmom I kapitalizmom v mezhdunarodnom
meeshtabe.
in other words, says Kozev quoting Stalin, if one and of the class struggle is
operative within the framework of the USSR the other and extends into the
bourgeoi's states that surround us.
A broadcast from Dnepropetrovsk (4 February) quotes a ZARYA editorial as saying
that there is no difference between the common variety of "thieves of Socialist
property" and political subversives: both are "a godsend to the energy" (nakhodka
dlye vraga). To what length political carelessness can go is cited in the case
of the Sinelnikovsky Rayon Party Committee which approved a certain Rudenko for
the post of collective farm chairman without realizing that he had been "wanted
for investigation" by the some Committee for a long period of time in connection
with.hie questionable behavior. Many swindlers and criminals are still at large,
according to the paper, because their friends holding influential positions in the
oblast trade union and other organizations "rescue and protect them" by providing
suitable jobs for them. G. Alexandrov, State Counsellor for the Justice Department
(gosudaretvenniy sovetnik Yustitsii), writing in LITERARY GAZETTE on 3 February
also identifies the swindlers and thieves with such political criminals as spies
and diversionists since both of them are "Just what the enemy is locking for."
Lack of Party vigilance, he says, has made it possible for three Soviet citizens
to dupe Soviet officials from the Kirghiz SSR to the Crimea and abscond with large
amounts of money by using different names and false reference documents. It is
also revealed that "a group of squanderers" (gruppa raskhititelei) had been
operating for a long time in Bashkir ASSR. The political aspect of their opera-
tions, Alexandrov intimates, may be deduced from the fact that one of the group's
leaders was a former big-time cattle dealer (krupniy skotopromyshlennik) and the
other a 'white guardiet' (belogvardeyets).*
*As revealed in the above-quoted article, the operations of the Soviet version of
"confidence men" are not without certain amusing features, The story is told of
a criminal "K" who upon arrival in any city would telephone the head of a local
enterprise representing himself as a visiting high official from the "periphery"
and asking for the employment of a lesser official allegedly accompanying him.
He would then show up at the appointed time as the mentioned "lesser official.,"
and, with the excellent "telephone reference" (telefonnaya rekomendatsia) that
preceded him, would have no trouble getting the desired job.
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UNC;1, r'_ 1 F I ED
The basic functions (osnovnie functsi: of the Soviet state--economic and cui;tural-
educational--have been still further exrended and strengthened in the post r
years, according to an IZITLSTIA editorial Of a February. Ae olaborated at the
19th Party Congress, this expansion presupposes more attention to the State eltrue-
ture and stricter discipline within the goverment machinery. It also mans, the
paper continues, that the Soviet people cannot afford to relax their politic l
morals" (nositeli burzhuaznokh vzg''yadov i burzhuaznoy morali) are still asnalg us.
The' present situation calls for the improvement and perfection of every lick_.
(veekh zvonyev) in the chain of State machinery, including the armed forcif),a~nd
the security organs. That thievas, rascals and people alien to the Soviet i1stem
had been appointed to "materially responsible" jobs was disclosed by SOTS7AL TI-
CHWKIT DCW.tS on 5 February. The paper does not mention whether or not such
undesirables have already been weeded ovt but admits that they have already
"inflicted great damage" (uchinili ogrcmniy vred) to the Socialist econoq. The
1urakovka mine of the Kraenoarmsieiy Coal Trust is said to be one of the oasualtioe
but no details are offered. "We must constantly bear in mind" that as low as
capitalist encirclement exists the Soviet Union will be the hunting ground far
foreign spies, terrorists, saboteurs and diversionists.
Lagging milk production may not in itself be of any political aignifioance b t,
as indicated in a summarized ZARYA VOSTOKA editorial broadoast from Tbilisi on
6 February, political vigilance is one of the suggested owes for it. Averri1g
that the backwardness of Georgian silk production is "the direct result of the
liberalism" toward violations of the State plena manifested by Party and Sovijat
officials, 'the paper quotas a reference to the subject made by Georgia Party leader
Political vigilance must be raised to a higher
level, carelessness and inattentiveness must
be liquidated. In this way the backward sections
of the national economy will be raised to the
requisite level.
KRASNOTL ZNAMYA (6 February) warns against the popular pastime of "beooning
intoxt'oated with auouess" for which there is no justifioation since the.inemime'
-intrigues 'and anti-Soviet machinations tend to intensify in proportion -to"our
forward movement." Too many officials are inclined to forget that we are, sti 1,
surrounded by hostile countries: "They forget that capitalist surrounding;ie
not an empty phrase but a real and unpleasant phenomenon" (zabyvayut pro-,te:,
shcho kapitalietychne otoohenya no pusta fraza, a realne i repriemne yavyehoh5,).
An earlier broadcast from Stanislav (3 February) says there is no point- intrsrirg
to define the difference between political and other offenses. against the'Sta$e
since they all come under the same category and their common purpose is to under-
mine the country's economic foundation, "the thief who steals public property .
is also a spy and a traitor" (zlodiy shcho rozkradaye narodne dobro .*.. ye.:toyzhe
ahpigln i zradnyk). .~.
Allan Influence on Youth* SOTSIALISTICHESKIY DONBAS (4 February) is ~onesig ed
about the serious shortcomings and "low ideological level" of studies in the
Komsomol education network. With the "most mortal" enemies of the Soviet--+-~a le
trying to -infiltrate and undermine. every phase of, our life, the prrdr says:,-it is
of particular importance to safeguard the Soviet youths from the wicked influences
of reactionary bourgeois ideology. We must use "all forms and means" of propaganda
activity and mass-political work to educate in the young Soviet people "a deep
hatred toward the criminal American imperialism" and expose the attempts of i' is
agents, the bourgeois nationalists of all species who are still to be found: among
us. Hard study and tight discipline within Komsomol ranks are suggested as
effective-methods of keeping the young Communists politically vigilant and als rt
to the enemies' attempts to deprave the Soviet youths. Ri o d discipline among the
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young Communists is also the object of a KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA discussion of
7 February. The Komsomols cannot afford to "forget far a single moment" that the
remnants of the exploiting classes and "all sorts of scum" (vsyakoye okhvostye)
in our country are trying to mike use of our unstable elements for their nefarious
aims. It is therefore the sacred duty of a Komsomol (evyatoy dolg komsomoltsa)
always "to be vigilant, to stop all idle gaping, `.casting and chatter." Pursuing
the vigilance theme on the next day, the same paper urges every young citizen of
the USSR, Communist and nonpartisan, to read all available lit;,rature dealing with
foreign intelligence and aspionage so that he may learn to "recognize the ensay
and his subversive methods." Highly recommended in this connection is a recently-
published book by V. Minayev, "The Secret Weapon of the Doomed" (Taynoye Oruchie
Obrechenntkh), referred to later in this report, which "exposes" American hostile
activities against the USSR in the past several decades. "It is necessary to read
it. It is absolutely essential for each one of us to do .so:"
The items quoted below are typical of the rest- of the available material on the
current vigilance campaign transmitted centrally and locally.
Smolensk, 4 February--the U.S. Government has allocated 100 million dollars for
subversive, terrorist and espionage work against our country ..,. .The revelation
of Party and State secrets is a crime against the Party and is incompatible with
its membership (RABOCHIY PUT editorial);
Moscow, 6 February--Anybody who indulges in such vioes in private life as drunken-
ness, grabbing and flippant passions cannot be a reliable fighter ... all this is
used by the enemies to demoralize the Komsomol and thus deprave them politically ...
It is time to put an end to the harmful, fallacious view that daily life is a
private affair (K011SCMOLSFAYA PRAVDA editorial);
Kurgan, 8 February--It is imperative to educate the Soviet people in the spirit
of loyalty ... and-to teach them to oppose any insidious tricks of foreign
intelligence and to heighten the preparedness of the Soviet people to defend the
interests and honor of our Socialist fatherland (KRASNY ORGAN editorial);
Minsk,, 5 February- Another.,fault of propaganda work is that lectures do not
assume a militant,oharaoter'and do not expose bourgeois ideology, and in
particular that of United Sta`t.s imperialism (ZVYAZDA editor nl).
EGOt 31,=: In a lengthy revtirew of Minayev' a book "The Secret Weapon of the
Doomed" published in IZVESTIA on 8 fpbruary and quoted by the Moscow radio on the
same day, Petrov makes the point tha'tc',to know one's enemy one must study his
underhand methods of operation. MinayiV'a book is therefore invaluable from that
point of view: it "reveals the cruel methods" (rackryvayet kovarnie metody)
employed by the imperialists intelligence services. American subversive activities
against the USSR, according to the book, pre-date the Sooond World War by a number
of years when Trotskyttea, Aukharinitea and Zinovyevites had been employed to
undermine the foundation of the young Soviet Republic. Such notivitie5 are said
to have become intensified during the lost war with the object of "eoteblishing
secret contact with the German-fascist intelligence and the Oeatapo behind the
back of the Soviet Union" (v uatnnovlenii zn spinoy .Savetskago Soyuza negl.nenogo
kontakta a nemetako-fashistakoy razvodkoy i Gestapo). Implicit also in Minayev'a
book, as quoted in Petrov's review, in the attempt to anuociate American wartime
help to the USSR (presumably lend-lease) with subversive activities. The U.S.,
it is stated, had shipped to the Soviet Union 235,000 packages of carrot, salad,
pea and other vegetable seeds--all of them labeled "to the brava people of the
USSR," but
in addition to the vegetable seada they all
contained also seeds of poisonous weeds which
are harmful to human beings and animals.
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vnutri kazhdogo iz nikh naryadu a semenami
ovoshehei aoderzhalis semena yadovitykh i
vrednykh dlya cheloveka i zhivotnykh sornyakov.
The expansion of the American intelligence in the post-war years has been particu-
larly rapid, Minayev tells his readers, and it now comprises "over 100 thousand
employees and agents" (cvyehe ate tysyach sotrudnikov i agentov). Spies and
diversionists are said to be trained "in most of the American universities"'
(v bolahinetve amertkanskikh universitetov) including numerous specialized schools.
Similar cadres are being trained, under American sponsorship, in Western Germany
and Austria, Yugoslavia and Turkey. Indeed there is hardly any sphere of human
activity, including the foreign embassies in Moscow, according to Minayev, that has
not been affected by the insidious machinations of U.S. intelligence. Even such
organizations as UNESCO and the International Children' a Emergency Fund are
"utilized for the purposes" (iepolzuyutsya v tselyakh) of American espionage.
Referring to the eourcea of aid at the disposal of the American intelligence
service, Minaayev declares that
the most active aid to American, intelligence is
offered by the Vatioan,and the bourgeois
nationalist Zionist organizations.
Russian text:
Samoye aktivnoys posobnicheatvo amerikanakoy
razvedke okazyvayut Vatikan, burzhuzzno-
natsionalistioheskie aionistakie organizataii.
Of some significance is the mild criticism of the above-discussed book contained
in Volodin'p TRUD f~e~hiew of it broadcast on 11 February. Diaoussing Minay~ev's
work in familiarly flattering terms, he remarks that it is not without certain
important omissions. One of them is that "there is practically nothing said in
it" about the Zionist organization "Joint" which "plays an extremely important
part".(1grayet ohreavyohnino vezhnuyu rol) in conducting American espionage and
intelligence work. It should be pointed out here that the Jewiah'doctors'
"plot" and the Joint's "espionage activities" were first announced on 13 January
1933, and Minayev's book, according to IZVESTIA, was published in 1992.
INDUSTRY
Reports on industrial tailings are fragmentary, moot of the radio disoussion of
that topic appearing in the political-vigilance context. There to some criticism
of the operations of the light and consumer industries where mismanagement,
corruption, theft and embeeslement are said to be still rampant. Plan-fulfillment
figures.in these industrieo are said to be particularly misleading since the totals
do not refleot satisfactory performance of every aspect of the plan. A ZVYAZDA
editorial broadcast from Minsk on 3 February says that last year .a "considerable
nymber of enterprises and even entire industries" of Belorussian SSR failed to
oomplets their annual p2afi. The Republic's fishing industry, for example, -has
been lagging for years arid; shows no signs of improvement now:
The question arisen: when will the Isadore of
the fishing industry administration finally
overcome their lagging and fulfill the State
Plan?
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UNCLASSIFIED
- 7 -
Similar production failures are attributed to the Belorussian. ?lectric Power
Administration Pnd the Industrial Cooperatives Council which cuter exclusively
to the consumers. We must not be deceived by the glowing reports of the
Ministries which have fulfilled and even overfulfilled their gross production
plans. The paper reports that a number of them failed to complete the plan
"according to specified items." Among them are the Ministries of light; building
materials, food and local industries. Similar failures not reflected in the
gross-production reports are said to have been registered in the production of
tractors and eutomobile3, bricks and tiles, lime and woolen textiles.
i'he Kherson Oblast consumer industry is honycombed with "swindlers and sharps"
ecr''rding to NADDNEPRIANSKA PRAVDA of 4 February. Socialist property is being,
stolen in'such large enterprises as the "Main Textile Distribution Administration"
('olovt.extyl-sbut), the "Eighth of March" plant and the river port. The damages
sustained through thievery by the Oblast Consumer Cooperative Admi:1stretior_ last
year alone amounted to over 1.2 million rubles. The oblast Party and Soviet
officials, says the paper, "should have drawn suitable conclusions" from that and
looked into the personnel problem. This, however, has not been done, and
"incompetent and untrustworthy" officials,, instead of being dismissed, are shifted
from one responsible post to another. An interseting sidelight on the off!-vial
attitude toward the consumer is provided by a STALINGRADSKAYA PRAVDA sditnriel of
6 February. Listing the activities of several officials of the ob'.,ast con911mer
industry who have been fleecing the consumers for a long time, the paper inveip*he
egsinst their "dishonesty to the State" without even mentioning the :onsumers.
Thus the director of the Kamyshin Meat Combine for example, had "tried to transform
that State enterprise into his own property" and syeteratically deceived the State
end the Party by faking the oombine'a performance reports and otherwise engaging
in "shady machinations." The head of the oblast "Gastronome" Bureau, Safonov,
having surrounded himself with yes-man and "peop_a of unclean conscience" (l.yudi
a nechistoy sovestyu), has been violating the retail trk,~1N regulations himself
and protecting the violations of his subordinates by transferring them from one
executive position to arothrr. lie, too, is refereed to as a bad Communist who
is "dishonest to the State and the Party."
In a long TRUD article published on 6 February, the acting chief of the Control
Trade Union Housing Administration Bertaeov urwittn gly testifies to the extent
of corruption in the retail trade industry by admitting that licensed "public
inspectors" (obshchestvenni.e kontroiery) are fre4uGr;tly refused admissicr, +a the
places they are to inspect. It is c : i t. :leer, ha says- ',:at the oe inspe,' 'ors .
whose duty it is to see that the customers are wsi~ treated, are "a i,.,. the
flesh" (belmo no glnzu--literally; a mote ^'-n the eye) of unsc:rupuicus offrc1al9
who brook no interference in their favorite pastimi; of ''ch#-atir.j ustcmer-s"
(obmen pokupateley). It has also been discover'd., according to Ber'uasov, that
where public inspectors cannot easily be iept cut of stores and other retail
trade enterprises, they are "reported" to ths:r superiors iii `anonymous
slanderous letters" (anonimnie kleve tnicheskie pisme as taking bribes and
committing a variety of other crimes in the hope of navi them dismisser:. cr?
"bringing them to terms" with the ui,s..r..pulc:us store managers and other offL a:s.
Misleading total production figures are also the object of an editorial
discussion by KOMMUNA broadcast from Voronezh or, 5 Febr-nary. GoOd industrial
production indexes often "conceal straggling enr?arpr?ises.." says the paper,
and Voronezh oblast is no exception. "Several plants of the Oblast remain heavily
indebted to the country." The building-materials industry failed to complete
its 1952 plan, is "far behind" in its current program, and the plants of the
butter industry trust (trest maslo?-prom) are riot producing the prescribed
quantities of butter and other foodstuffs. "Solicitude" for the consumer is
expressed in a broadcast from industrial Kemerovo of 3 February where the
"acute shortage" (ostraya nekhvetka) of living space has been the target of
criticism for a long time.
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Many building orgoni.zziions ore foilir.= ft,lfi 11
the house--building plans every year .... Somo enter-
prises of the oblast have slncker:cd their attention
toward imnrnving the working -nd livid; condi.t:-ns
of the workers.
Ti,, communal enterprises such as public baths, laundry, trenspor'ation ant, .le"tr-r.
supply in the workers' settlements are said to be functioning very
unsetisfn~r.-ril;t.
Interruptions in the water suriply are frequent in Prokofyevsk, Kiselnvsk, i.en n-
Kuznetsky and other towns. The network of repair shops is, far too inadequate, to
serve the people, the assortment of consumer goods produced by -cite local 'tvloci.ry
is limited and the quality "remains low" (ostayetsya nizkim). The Oblast Fa_
organizations, the report concludes, must put an and to the "herr.ful pr?act;.
of ondQr?- timating the importance of the workers' material welfare" ar ,rct.e
mere time to the daily cultural and other requirements of the people, It to
revealed t1-at most of those officials seldom if ever visit workers' dormt_torl s
and other communal dwellings and are not even familiar with the conditions obtnin?-
ing there: "you cannot learn much by sitting in an office."
PRAVDA refers editorially (7 February) to a collective letter from the wr,rk,rs of
the Zerubino fishing trust, the largest in the For East, to tall attention to the
"vicious methods" (porochnie metody) of administration employed by ?thc- ?'SSR Fishin-
Industry. The letter, which was not broadcast, points out that structural defects
are frequently found on the fishing vessels delivered by the Ministry, anAi repair
(materials for the fishing fleet are usually shipped' by the Ministry when it. is too
late; that is, in the height of the fishing season. Serious shortcomings nave
beer noted also in the oil industry, PRAVDA continues, The Ministry of that
industry and its subordinate organizations "are insufficiently familiar w?th the
situation on the spot" (nedostayet glubokago znania polozhenia del ne mestak'').
This is particularly evident ?t.n Tatar ASSR where drilling operations Are f rn
and unaccountably delayed, and in Bashkir ASSR where 'tii?t tle interest is ^hna?n"
(mr,1o ;aieresuyutsyn) in improving the tochnicnl skill of the icciu: t.y parsnrrrel.
At the the 'ttikd t
-,tr,strayt1 (U,:re.in.ian Waterway Construction), ?rhero valuable ma`.erinls
are poorly r.-uarded, a group of squanderers end thi.evoE have been creratirl nnrr
Caus?i.nr- o+^oat losses. Tens of tons of petrol (desya tki tone. buxizine he': ,
disflnneared from one sector of that project, the Vasilievsky construction end
assembly division. Another Gang of swindlers (gruppe zhulikov) Is said t" r:a"
built a n?.st at the Kresno-Perskopsk sector and engage in squandering ira~t?A F-??-
vante) socialist property.
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