INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500750035-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 30, 1999
• Sequence Number: 35
• Publication Date: June 1, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION FL 0,
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO,
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
IRIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFONNATIOIT EFFECTING THE NATIONAL DIFINOS
01 frit UNITED STATES WITHIN TTIE IIIIIAMIlla OF ESPIONAGE ACT SO
V 5 C . 3 AND at. AS ANIMAS, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
01 ITS CO IN ANT NA**** TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO.
1110111.11 DT LAW RIPSODUCTION OF THIS FORE IA PRONIDITEU.
SOURCE Monitored Broadcasts
STATE
ARMY
DATE OF 14-2? April 1953
INFORMATION
DATE DIST. /.,7.11 1953
NO. OF PAGES
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CM Report No. 82 -- USSR
(14 - 27 April 1953)
CONTENTS
AGRICULTURAL SHORTCOTAINGS, ? ..
Livestock Industry
Machine-Tractor Stations
Tadzhik Cotton Production
Azerbaijani Cotton Produc tion
Miscellaneous
IDEOLOGY.. ? .? . ? n ? ......... I ? ........ I
Soviet Legality
Friendship of Peoples
2
3
4
4
, ....... 5
5
Collective ve One-Man Leadership 6
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AGRICULTURAL SPORTCOMINGS
Lteeelesieladustry: Central and local transmitters :entenue to highlight the
insufficient attention given the livestock industry, the shortage of skilled
mechanics, administrative inefficiency and the unenthusiastic approach to field
work. As spring sowing gets underway in the southern and central areas of eh(
country, the farmers are being urged toward achievements, tcward laying the
foundation for a bumper crop." However, related field operations such as the
construction and repair of livestock premises, fodder peceerement, etc. should not
be neglected.
A report from Tambov on 14 April says that an ?bleat Party eomneteee investigation
into the livestock industry Showed "a considerable drop in the number of livestock,"
low productivity of cattle and "a general nonfulfillment," of the plan. Sufficient
fodder had not been stockpiled last year, and the ehortage i .ready being felt.
Despite unceasing pressure, much of livestock is eell kept le inadequate quartere
wheeh "lack indispensable facilities for proper meeetenanne. Listed as "laggiag far
behind the plan" are at least 10 rayon n where local. leaders have relegated stock
breeding to a secondary role, neglected the upkeep of oaseeres and failed to
maintain the sanitary standards for watering places, ehicb "are to overgrown with
shrubs and turning into bogs.h
In its review of the livestock setuation, PRAVDA (17 April) says that immediate
and drastic measures will have to be taken if the slow rayons and oblasts are to
catch. up. Furthermore, the cattle-raising industry of some oblasts has actually
deterlorated:
CPYRGHT
Russian. text:
CPYRGHT
In the collective farms of Volegda, Kostroma and KuTgan
oblasts considerable losses of grown and young stock were
sustained in the first three months of this year. The
situation is also unsattefeetory?in Bashkir ASSR, Orel.
Tyumen and certain other oblaste.
V kolkhozakhVologodskoy, Koseromskoy, Kurganekoy obleetey
za pervie tri meeyatsa etogo goda dopushohen znachieelniy
otkhod vzroelogo pogolovye akota e molodnyaka. Neeecv.
letvoritelno obetoit delo takzbe...v Baahkirskoy ASSR,
OrloveRoy Tymenskoy i nekoterykh drugikh oblaetey.
Fodder production is still inadequate "in several ?bleats, krais and republics"
eeere natural pastures cannot yield anywhere near the necessary supplioa without
"envanced agrotechnical measures...and a concerted effort.r
A lack of regard for regulations governing the seockbreedeng.and ottez trenches of
aericulture is noted by RADYANSKA DONETSCHINA (18 April) es one of the major sources
trouble in the oblast. Agricultural experte are not given responeibility ao
'.eey might "exert a beneficial influence" on farm peoduetton. 'Thoughtless"
kolkhoz chairmen and MTS directors prefer their own obsolete methods of farming.
The Starotaryanskaya NTS, for example, has even demonstrated indefferenee to
scientific ad-1.?e: "the agronomist for fodder procurement has been made a station
despatcher." Elsewhere, little has been done to improve the caes for cattle, and
this reflected by "low productivity and decreasing milk yields.
el:eilINAYA PRAVDA (21 April) admits the "justness" (epravedlivost) of PRAVDAts
?eticiem of the Koetroma Oblaet livestock industry. :t ia true, earl the paper,
ee great cattle losses and other "serious and impermieeeble shortcomings" have
bt.en allowed to occur, and certain rayons appear little perturbed by their failing'.
Amcng them are Manturovskiy, Orekhovskiy, Buy, Kadivskiy, Mezhevekly and Ivanovekly
tweet:4. The decision of the Moldavian Party Central Committee on current agricultural
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operations, quoted by Kiahinev on 21 April, notes anspecified nterious mistakes and
shortcomings" in Republican agriculture, clearly reflecting official disappointment
with the progress in the field. The Moldavian Communist Party, it states, "has
decided to put into effect" the decisions of the 19th Party Congress to increase
agricultural crops, raise the number of communal cattle and gi acre attention to
stockbreeding. Local Party and agricultural officials are urged to introduce
"advanced agricultural technology" wherever possible,
Machine-Tractor Stations: Regional broadcasts continue to stress that tractor
breakdowns occur far too frequently and that improper use of available equipment
is responsible for the failure of MTS to meet their "collective agreements"
(kollektivnie dogovora--Which applies exclusively to cont'set betS. iMTS and
collective farms). EIROVCCRADSKA PRAVDA points out editorially on 15 April that
the fulfillment of collective agreements usually "surpasses all time limits aet
down by the lair because they are not taken too seriously. However, it implies
that the MTS' desire to abide by the agreements is often frustrated by the lack
cf equipment in good working order and the shortage of qualified personnel to
operate it. Citing cases of contract violation by both parties; the paper points
to the MTS as the major offender since failure to maintain the required amount of
operating equipment defeats the agreement in advance.
CPYRGHT
They do not manifest the necesary care for the highly
productive utilization of powerP.11 technology, do not
eliminate the technical deficiencies of the machines
in time, thus wasting valuable t1me and threatening the
harvest ye id
Several hundred new tractors and combines have been received in Stalin? Oblast
in the first two yeera of the current five-year 14.an, but this he not been
followed by A correoponding improvement in performance, according to
SOTSIALISTICHESKIY DONBAS of 15 April,. This is because- 'lett:ay hundrede of tractor-
shifts are waeted." In DobrepOlf*:!.Y and Koeetsntinovokiv rayons the organization
of tractor maintenanCe and repair work ie so poor that r+it takee day* to m4n4
minor breakdown which should be fixed in one or teo hours- Malta KONMUNIZMA
says that the planting of late crops', already overdue In some southern rayons,
far from oompletee due to serous shortcomings in the performance of MrS
servicing thoop rayon. The struggle for A bumper erp, it is deported? is now
hindered more then ever before by the 'iidleneee and lop productivity of tractors,
and the outlook Appeere still grimmer in view of the fact that 411ren the rowing of
early crops" has not been completed in a number of rayons.
A Kozlov report from Minek carried by PRAVDA on 22 April (not broadeaet) reveal
that although theueande of new tractors and other agricultural machines had been
received by the Beloruemien MS before spring moving began, not all of them were
brought out to the fields. It may be said "without exeggerationn (bee
preuvelichenia) that even the so-called leading MT'S and collective farms of the
Republic are not making the best possible we of their technical feeilitiee;
CPYRGHT
Russian text:
CPYRGHT
Even now more than 11000 tractors are laid up at the
WS compounds awaiting repairs. Some of the machines
stopped working in the fields as a result of defective
winter repairs.
Po sey den boleye 1,000 traktorom stoit ne usedbakh
WS, ozhidaya remonta Chest =Alin ostanovilee v
pole, ekazaloe plokhoye kaeheetve zimnego remonta.
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Mogilev, Vitebsk and Minsk ?blasts are mentioned as eritical areas where most
collective farms, waiting for warm, sunny days to begin spring sowing, have
already missed the "most favoeable" time for that work Socialist competition
in the fields is virtually non-existent, according to Kozlnv, and those ostensibly
engaging in it are actually only "putting up a fnontn, Pinsk has been competing
against Brest Oblast for the highest attainment in flax-plantirn, but while Pinsk
has already completed 20 percent of the plan, Brest keens up the slow pace which is
reflected in its plan-performance index of 2.4 percent,
Tadlik Cotton Production: A report from Stalinabad broadcast on 15 April quotes a
reoent decree of the Tad jikistan Council of Ministers noting "great difficulties"
connected with cotton raising this year. The decree reveals that cotton planting
last year was "held up by exceptionally unfavorable conditions" and that aurgent
measureae must be taken to get the planting done on time this year. The Republican
Ministry of Agriculture, Soviet officials, and every kolkhoz, Fovkhoz and /CS"
are exhortednto help obtunn a better cotton crop this year by completing the
planting 'snot later than 25 April."
A KOMMUNIST TADJIKISTANA editorial broadcast on 15 April makee the unusual announce-
ment that "there are still too few enlarged kolkhozese in the Republic, Previous
references to this theme gave the impression that the merger of the small kolkhozes
into larger units has in general been completed. The paper criticizes the
"inadmissible views" of certain Republican agricultural authorities who are still
oblivious of the fact that aingle-crop fanning is frowned upon by the authorities.
Cotton-raising alone should not be used as a substitute for mnitiorop farming in
Tadjikistan, Where "prevailing conditions offer great possibilitiee for the
development of all branches of agrinulture.
AzernaljanSoteolajzoduction: A decree issued by the Azerbaijan Council of Minieters
(23 APril) in oonnection with 1953 cotton-raising and .teliverlos, contains nhe
Implieit admission that last year'e failures are boyond'repair and had bent be
forgottern
CPYRGHT
The crop debts which Repubincam collectave farms In: 'r
under the 1952 contracts art written off in order to
the kolkhozes
Prompt cotton deliveries are to be rewarded rith larger supplies or consumer goods.
and the Azerbaijan Union (Azerittife)c) has been instracted ftto allocate tioo,ds for
those malting cotton delivernee." On the other hands the tleseened quotas" set for
the newly opened irrigated /ands and the fodder-growing areas "are to be abolished"
There is no indioation of the size of the 1952 "farm debt" or of the preaent norms
au preeumably outlined in the decree.
MitaaallanZal&V Indifference to new labor-saving devices on the part of agricultural
administrators, including the US5R Ministry of Agriculture, is discussed n. an
article by Shibakov published in IZATE,STIA on 15 April- Kreanodar Kra1 alone, he says,
nverhas about 25,000 "rationalicers and inventors" (rateionalizatory 1 leobretatiall),
but their inventions arc often shelved by those whode should popularize them.
Flagrant disregard for technical innovations and improvements is cited In the case of
S near self-propelled winnowing and sorting machine nveyelha-aortirovka) which can be
operated by a crew of five people Instead of 40 As before, and capable of Inoreeelng
the output of sorted grain several time*, So far none of the authorities, from the
v.) the All-Union Ministry level, has *heron much interest in it. Nor is this
the only oast', air= "many machines which morit the widest dintribution still remain
single production samples." (Mnogie =shiny, dostoynte samogo shirokogo raapro-
nr?anenia, imayutaya po)ca v edinstvennom okzemplyare,)
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A new combine attachment for gathering castor-oil plants, constructed by two stakha-
novites at a cost of about 700 reties, is reported 10 have reduced production costs,
compared to manual work, by 20 times. However, the krai agricultural department
and the USSR Ministry of Agriculture did not appear impressed even though the madhine
had already been "sufficiently tested at work" (dostatochno proverena na praktike).
Other agricultural shortcomings admitted by regional transmeleers during the period
under review are:
14 April-
ast year the oblast as a whole failed to gaihee the prescribed harvest
he eblast as a whole is still developing sugar-beet elaree:ng axtremely unsatis- CPYRGHT
factoril (RADYANSKA ZHITOMIRSICHINA editorial;
1.2 April?Field work is not being carried out everywhere eete the -required energy
and aneen lty. .qt.Anntil)gapyii(31,1Trniy And Yellpr ,?piyonA nnuing
(ORIOVSKAYA PRAVDA editorial);
perennial grasses at an impermissibly low tempo
21 April--Spring
beix conducted in hn organized manner everywhere..
I last year.... Cotton planting is proceeding too slowlyl(PRAVDA editorial);
22 April- Up to now one-half of the combines and more than one-half of the grain-
leaning
-ransportation faoilities and grain silos is unsatesfaceory (KRYKSKAYA PRAVDA
IDEOLOGY
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
.asairaLlisiatilatz (2akonnost) and the friendship of peoples are among the major themes
exploited in press and radio non-economic propaganda. There te more frequent emphasis
on the Government, as distinguished from the Party, in terms of power and authority
than heretofore. The law of the land, as defimed by the Conae.tution. i streseed as
something immutable, to be reapected and obeyed by everyone regardleaci of rank :!1".
POBitiOn. Prominence is given the "inviolability te!: the person^ (neprikoenoveneest
lichnoeti). There on be no legelietic equivocattee in that point. accordinz to
an uneigned KOMMUNIST article (6 Anril) referring the arrested eecurity offieleale
involved in the "doctors' Plot-H The Soviet State has already demonstrated its
attitude to corrupt officials Who udared make a mockery of the inviolable rights
of Soviet citizeng?r (posmell nadrugataya nad neprikosnovennYmi Bravara .vetk0A1kh
graffthdon),
Regional eomment on the people's conatitutional righta ho e followed the 1ine
r.d.Icated by the 6 Aprel PRAVDA editortel, reprinted by all central newepeporo, on
the final diapoaltion of the doctoral cage. Increaoed attention to tt,e -etizenef
protection under the law ie reflected tloo in May Day alogaz number. : which opeako
of rightn "guaranteed by the COnotitution" and rloacrodly gafeguarded/! by the.
government.
The szapatauzarzmuisui topic is Often diecueeed in contexte of law' and unity and
againet the gackground of the May Day alogana. RADYANSKA. UNRA1NA (16 and 24 Apall)
etreoesea the familiar lino thnt the oalvation and happinmos of the Soviet nationalitiea
ling ln their unity. The value of thin unity to the Ukrainian people la hown by the
"gigantic etridee" made by their Republic in induatry, agriculture, literature and art,
in th,_? unification or Hall their landau (uan ovoi meat) in a oingleykrainlan
Soviet (24 April). LITERATURNAU GAZETA (25 ApxJ.1) quotes Lenin to the effect that
+ef, USSR ham alwaya been "A voluntary union of national' (dobrovany 'mum nately)
eed on mutual confidenoe rd the realimation of fraternal unity. The paper pointe
te the unprecedented cultural aohievomenta of the non-Ruaolan nationalities under the
Un:on by citing the increage In the number o.books published mince 1913.
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Collective vs One-Man Leadership. A lengthy Sleeov a!elele in PRAVDA (1.6 Apr11) says
that collectivism, meaning Party committees or aomfeeences, as the haghest, principle
of Farty leadership" (vysshiy printsip partiynogo rukavodsava). That theoree says
the author, was first expounded by Stalin who sold in 19:31 that the Central Conin&ttee
of the Communist Party, the "supreme tribunal" (areopae 07- the organization,
represented true collective leadership, rhe expereenee of individual Party leaders,
no matter how broad, "will never replace the inatiatiae and experience of the entire
collective,"
Th: a type of leadership, which is in keeping with the precepts of 1n-era-Party
democracy, Slapov implies, is being violated on a large scale Some Pasty Beare-
tariae have la fact gone so far as to ignore the opona of otber committee
aem(ere and held Party conferences with only a eew ef ahe meniaers participaaing.
eafarring to the potential abuse of power involved in earcng Indevidual leadership,
aleeev hints that antimadation of committee memaere le an:iaeoxm within the Party.
Tnere ara cases when the "imoroper aehaviDr" oe lae! ..aual leaaere Ls everlooked by
eha .onauttee members, who are relucaant "enall ealat:ens" .eepertat otnoahenia)
ii -h Them. Such members apparently fend le aealeh.ar ta "adap, themselves"
;rodlazhivatsya) to the leaders openeon and te '.ay thaao ao eascyanang he says"
aeaee.vayut emu vo vsem), The most rigid adnererae ta !lee preneiple of iaollective
Leadership in the Party, Sieeov concludes, "is a guarantee of aorreat leaderahip"
(yavJeacesya zalogom pravilnogo rukovodstva), and the only way the Party can rid
itealf of high-handed bureaucrats, on the one hand, and tta "unbearatae atmasphere
ee toadyism" (nesterpimaya obstanovka ugodniceeeeva,. en the othere
aanav,s discussion of the recent reorganizateoe , aa Menistrles and State
eadersnip in general, as outlined in his PRAVDA areeele on 26 April, net
e)mpletely consistent with Slepovr, item on Party 'Leadership The minitraes have
eaen expanded and their leaders vested wat4 broader paaers, he says, so that they
eay adopt and Implement decisions unhampered by "areefecial barriers," The new
nanisters will also be in a positeon to "implemene mare elastec planning" iaau-
shchestvlyat boleye gibkoye planirovanie) an aal:en :aspect ehey apparently have
I,ean hamstrung in the past, aCentralized or "en-man leadership" (editionachalla
aceording to ivanov, what an efficient Slate apparaaus requires The autt.or
makQe no reference to ''collectivism v Or eollec.teae de,.:s:ona an basic issues r4n,7).D
rapeatedly emphasized in Slepcv's discussien ce Party leadership), The,
e:fferena lines pursued by these authors in the taea-mant of The Party and Goaernment
Laaaeashie themes are exemplefied in the followeng ateaaaons
ele-rov on Party leadership, 16 April
Thalkedual decisions are always or
eleeee always one-sided decisions_
the most important requirement
ie ma*, decisions,. .represent the
ceteome of collective creativeness.
aelnolichnee reshenia vsegda ill
vsegda byvayut otnobokina
:esheniama. Otsyuda vaahneysheye
tereaovanie, chtoby reshenia?.byll
aollektivnogo tvorchestva)
CPYRGHT
Tvaraev Ieaderkkh,12Z6 Axix:%;.
The perfection .af the state apparatua and
the broadening ea!: the manasaere, poweas
signify a farther strengtheneng el' centra-
lized authoraty, an enhaacemant of the
leader s role,
(Sovershenstvovanie gosudaretvennogo
apparaea, aasanIrenie pray ministrov
oznachavee dalneydheye ukreplenle
ed1nonacha1la, novyahenle roll lacovod-
i-telya
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