SOVIET AND GERMAN MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 13, 2003
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: May 29, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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1 - - - - - .- - - - - - - - : ~ C URI IY I N F OR 14A T I UN - -' -
S,~ C RIL^
CENTRAL INTE ~.
IGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
'
COUNTRY : USSR/Germany (Sov Zone) 25X1 DATE DISTR. a2~ nJsJy s2
PLACE
'ACQUIRED:
DATE
ACQUIRED
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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NO. OF PAGES
/WAVY 03A&q'9'
NO. OF ENCLS. 4
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
1. By 1951 all the standard measuring instruments for temperature, pres-
sure, density, volume and electricity were available in the USSR. A
great shortage of high precision instruments, however, continued to
exist. These cannot be made either in the USSR or in the Soviet Zone
of Germany. Before World War. II the majority of measuring instruments
were imported to the USSR from Germany, France, England and the USA.
Some instruments were also made in the USSR on US patent licenses.
After 'orld liar II the Soviets collected German instruments by the
carload from East German instrument plants and from the various East
German industrial and technical installations. Many of these instru-
ments
were
distributed in a more or less haphazard way to So-riet
plants
and
research institutes Without regard for individual require-
ments.
At
the GIPKh Institute, for example, I found 10 hygrometers,
while
the
Whole Leuna Plant had never used more than two. As late
SECRET
SECURITY INFORMATION
FORM NO. 31-4F
OCT'?1951
7 TE X A /~ M -V X_ NA v~ X- F 13 /
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as 1951 I found critical instruments still in boxes that had never
been unpacked since 1946. .the GIPKh Inetit''te
was to repair and reassemble dammed instruments; and to convert
others designed for specific use, such as hygrometers, for more needed,
general application. In the post-war period the Soviets continued to
make their own standard instruments on foreign patents, but their
quality was generally inferior to that of the prewar instruments,
partly because of shortage of materials, and largely because of im-
proper assembly by poorly trained technical personnel. The Soviets
are putting special emphasis on the development of electronic instru-
ments and in this particular field they seem to be rather ahead of
the Germans.
Conventional Instruments
2. a list of
a the main r.s ;rue* q us od in large chemical plants in Germany.
convinced that the Soviets had at least
one o each of t esc lns rumanis. I would be unable to say in every
specific case, hog rc:. - th. were actually in use. A list
similar to the one or the Soviets is given in En-
closure (A). LPor c oeor :i dcr.tifi cation copies
of two volumes by A. Pa.l:a, "ltc istrierinstrumente" and "Electrioche
Mesageraeto and I1eeseiru?ichtazi n" , and instruments
which were used in the G1111--n Tnatitute in Leningrad. Pictures repro-
duced from these volumes, of the instruments so irdicated, appear in
Enclosure (B)_-7
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"Special" Instruments
.dside from the conventional instruments used I can describe three
special instruments The first
two were used at the ' Institute in Leningrad, the third in the
Soviet-sponsored laboratory at Leuna:
a. Electronic instrument for chemical analyses Lee Enclosure (C)
Sketch J:
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The milliammeter or millivoltmeter of this instrument had a piece
of aluminum foil attached to the indicator needle in such a man-
ner that it passed betwner. two condenser plates when the needle
moved. The current resulting; from the change in capacitance is
first amplified by a vacuum tube and then used to operate a relay
switch. The inotrument is sensitive to a change of 0.2-0.3 milli-
volts, and the cc.ndensc:r plates can be adjusted for minimum,
normal or maximum swine of the needle. The instrument operates
with very little delay and is especially good for use in chemical
analyses where, for example, the rapid closing of a valve may be
necessary to prevent an explosion due to excess oxygen. Since
there is no friction when the aluminum foil moves into the elec-
trostatic field of the condenser, the instrument requires little
repair. Its defects are that it is a low resistance instrument
and the magnets are not of uniform strength.
b. An infra-red device for the measurement of the carbon dioxide
content of a gaa Za_ee Enclosure (C) Sketch 2:
The gas to be analyzed is blown through the analyzer column,
while a gai containing no carbon dioxide, such as nitrogen, is
blown through the comparison column. Infra-red radiations pass
down through the gas in those columns into the measuring chambers
beneath. Those measuring chambers are filled with pure carbon
dioxide (the gas to be determined in the test sample). Since
some of these radiations are absorbed by the carbon dioxide i.n
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the ano:lyzer coluru:, and None by the gas in the comparison, column.,
the temperature will be hi;;her in the measuring chamber berneath?
the comparison column . This temperature difference in tho,,neasur-
ing chambers, causes a resultant pressure differential.whi h.in
turn produces a change in the capacity of the membrane..condenser'"?
connected between these chambers. The radiations are ;hntprrizpted?
by a moving shutter, and the resulting variations in tomperatuuro>?
and pressure- cause an alternating voltage to be impoo d.on?:thba;
direct voltage?of'the condenser. This alternating voltageiis
rectified, 'amplified, and read directly.on a voltmeter which is
calibrated in percentage of carbon dioxide.
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d. Ultra-violet, X-ray, andraeioactive sensitive nusar,r rin,r.; ir?;.,tru-
ments;
instr,r::c::ts i,ased on Ultra-
violet rays, i-rays, or ray : from radioactive producee, nor did
I ever hear of such instruments in the U 5fl.
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Dgfs to and ShortaCLas
-4. The Soviets do not make high grade Precision instruments, :nor are
they made in the Soviet Zone of Germany_ For practical purposes, the
Soviet Zone can now be considered as part of the USSR, and. shortages
in the one area ar,: likely to be reflec cad in the other. The meaour+
ing instruments which I used in Leningrad were nearly all taken from..
Leona. Later on I received some which had been manufactured in the
Ea'et Zone and also some Soviet-made instruments. The elder Soviet
ine.trumonts, made under US patents, were fair in quality. The newer
Soviet instruments, made mostly in Plant 288 at Lenin;rad, were gen-
orally of rather low quality .--ihen compared to the instrumontn used
at Leona. The latter were inad?e e.r-c7.u ,_J"re"ly by liar wman.n and Braun AQ,
Frankfurt a Li, or produced at Z,euna. Tne ssiain reasons for the quality
-of -the instruments available to the Soviets- can be su.m,aarized as fol-'
lows.
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a. Scarcity of competent craftsmen: The Soviet scientific and tooh-
nical personnel are well-versed in scientific theory, but there
is a great scarcity of skilled craftsmen ?o do the actual erork.
In the ,Institute Il frequent trouble in mounti'ng instruments,
either because the individual Darts were assembled wrong, or be-
cause they did not fit properly. In the Soviet factories roman
workers were utilized who frequently had no techni.oe.l training
or any knowledge of the principles necessary to do first?.olass
work. Even where good measuring instruments n.rc: available, e.
most difficult problem remains an making the propo_ oonneotions
to the main switchboard, which may be hundreds of feet away from
the instrument itself. In large chemical plants like Louna 'where
connections have been added over a period of many years, the prob-
lems of this nature have a very direct effect on the produoti,on.
There are certain delicate tasks that neither the, Soviets: nor
-even the Germans of the East Zone can perform. Per ex.amploo in-
a-cruments which require the soldering of gold bands, as small as
0.01-0,02 mrn thick and placed 1 min apart `;o serve as dleetrioal
ooniduotors attached to moving coils, can be euppJ.ied only by
Hartmann and Braun in Frankfurt. The Soviet training in'eloetron-
..ics, however, is better than it was in Germany. For caample, 15%
of the workmen at GIPKh were able to repair an oscillcgraph,
while none at the Leuna Plant were able to do this repair work.
b. Inability to produce instruments having a high Ohm reoistancec
,moat Sovie+ treasuring instrwnents operate on low Ohm resi stanoe
(from 50 tc 200 Ohms), since the Soviet Zone cannot produce in-
struments with more than 200-300 Ohm resistanoo. The rasu.lt is
that the end variation in Soviet instruments is araund one or
even two percent, whereas high grade German instruments used in
advanced research, have only a 0.2% variation- If, f"oe example,
an instrument of 100 Ohm resistance is connected' with a thormo-
element of nickel, one may have a one percent variation, or one
.,millivolt, on a scale of 100 millivolts. That means-abouut a 4d
degree error in the temperature being measured.
o. Low quality of therme-cu I at Leung in the
summer of 1951 o there was great difficulty i.n proour-
.ing the right kind of wire for conductor wires or thermo ouploo.
Formerly I G Farben required a procisi.on of 0.1 percent variation
from the value recorded by the use of e, standard wire. 1P1er largo-
scale production it is absolutely necessary to always ha.r exactly
t.so same wire, or the whole production will become non-uni-torm duo
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connect the thereto-couples to the spear urines instruments. In this
way Leuna hoped to be able to ears;,- on f, )r about one year on their
reserve wire. After that a crisis i it ;i lop unless the proper
nickel-chrome wire can be procured. In the USSR the wire used
for thereto-couples is not very fjoocl either and only reaches a
precision of minimum variation from the standAr rd. The ad-
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to incorrect temperatures. The probl =,n of uniform wire is c_uite
serious when it is remembered tha., some hundred furnaces may oe
.,producing at the same tune, or when --ou consider the fact that
over the years thousands of meters of -ire have been added and
that the temperature measurements are b_sed on a fixed quality
of wire. good wiring material used to come to Leunafrom a fac-
tory in Herne, Westphalia, in the British Zone of Germany. Now
.that this material is no longer obtainable, the Leuna people
have to resort to makeshift solutions. Troy have to fall back
..on the use of wire furnished by a factory in Hettstedt, near
Halle. This plant used to make only copper wire, 't>ut`?may, in
time, be able to produce nickel wire. There is no factory in
the Soviet Zone which can make .sire that v..'.r_ee leas than 1.5
percent from the oleo standard wire used f,,Y thera,:o-couples.
The Leuna woopl.e were :;.lso force; to tc:~-:a old,:. but good, quality
lead wire, r.?e;o.-r? the i.nsul.ation, and use the ?aire for the thermo-
couples in the furnace, ;while new ,,f poor quality was used to
therniomote:c?o, capable of measurinr feet; oratur3s from'minua 200
to plus 5noec are used in chemical processes. It its naturally
.desirable to make them as small as possible so as to measure the
temperature of liquids or oases in one particular spot. They
are,-usually constructed having a standard 100 Ohm resistance
measured at OoC. For best results they are made -of O.0"5 mm plati-
npm wire which is not available in the Soviet. 'u one. - Ieuna used
to get this wire from the Ileraeus firm, located at Hanhu near
Fran)cfurt a M. Leur.a still has some stocks of platinum wire,
but they can no longer get it from the West; I know?that they
have ,tried to do so, however. On the other. hand,. good renint-
.gno,o thermometers are very snnail, about the size. of?ai,atch,
and, Gan.easily- be smuggled across the border. To relieve the
ehorstsga of resistance thermometers, the Soviet>,.Zone hae begun
;.,;..w riding them on mica (Glimmer) , but here agairj,. that ebseiioe of
ema],l platinum wire leads to the making of larger. -thermbmi3tgra,
siuoe? the Ohm resistance of an instrument must alway '.bo the-
S,4uke and more of a larger wire is required to gitre s. certb.in
Tpoistp,nce. In tYe USSR resistance thermometers are about as
largo. as pencils, but I do not know exactly how they are made.
(The Soviets make many other kinds of thermometero., 'euoh aal' the
Foxboro type using nitrogen gas, ether, petroleum, mezo1rj, etc,
as_the expanding agents. They also make glass thermometers of
41. sizes and shapes.)
e. Shortage of good springs and bearings: No steel springs for in-
etruments are made in the USSR. They do make bronvai (Ytotguso)
-coil springs, but these contain copper and zinc, and ere, not
resistant to ammonia and other chemicals, and hen.ca..are of lim.?
ited use only. At. Leuna I heard that the Soviets. vrere planning
steel spring production, but I did not learn where. I suppose
that the machine and measuring instruments plant of Schaeffer
and Budenberg, SAG, Magdeburg, would be the logical place. Moot
of the Soviet instruments, like the German, have mowing coils
which are attached to an axis, supported by agate bearings.
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At the GIPKh Institute I saw a package of sucii bearings which
must have come from either Switzerland or Germany (the writing
on the package -as not in Russian characters, at any ratoi).
As far as I knew, nearly all German stone bearings were cut in
Idar??Obersteir_, northeast of Kaiserslautern. The Eartmr n and
Braun instrument plant used to get their bearing stones from
Idar?-Ober:tein. Bitterfeld, in the Soviet Zone, s 4a- oyrithetio
bearing stones by meanr of an electric arc, but they too were
sent to idar-Oberstein for cutting. I do not know of any eyn-
thetio bearing stones, or plant for cutting such stones, in the
USSR, nor do I know the source of the bearing stonote which are
now used in the USSR. I assume they are probably securing them
from Bittorfil d.
Proruremont and Repair
4. When I first came to the GIPKh Institute about 70 per-
cent of the instruments available were from dismantled factories in
the Soviet Zone, 21 percent were of US orit.;in, and 5 percent were at
Soviet manufacture _ Later, the same percentages applied, 'p-At $be
German instruments were of new manufacture, having been producod 'OX
the various Soviet-controlled instrument plants at IGagdebtlrg, Qilum44tz
and Quedlinburg. (Most of the former Soviet-controlled firms, SA4,
incidentally, are now referred to by a new name; for example, "Staat.
lithe Geraotebau AG, Magdeburg"--State Instrument ManufActuro . W)It
indicates that they are state-owned, but does not specify whether
"state" refers to the DDR or the USSR!)
g. On the older instruments the lettering on the name platfic V'sp uplially
in Lttin or English characters; on the new ones, even whap thgy c!t
from German factories, the lettering was in Russian. I rAtIS1DmbQr9
for instance, the name plate on a galvanometer which bor..9 thm .ri-
ecription "Pokazovich Galvanometer Utikelen, Geretebau Pdagdei))N:Vi'
(Recording galvanometer, built-in), all in Russian lettor,p. `71tiq
Russian letters were also used to express international ltq vgi;j
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6. Periodically the scientists at the GIPKh Institute were queq' j.ono4
conoorning their needs in regard to instruments. This appl.-i,4 ?ui>y
to standard instruments, as none were made to our special order. 'X
do not 2 ov from whom the instruments were ordered, but they were .412.
delivered from Moscow. There was normally about a uLx-month delay
from the date of the order, even though the GIPKh was a governmont
inotitute, and as such had some priority for deliveri.?5.
The Institute had a quota for repairs, but it took above` Dix map; the
before an instrument which had to be sent out for ropa3,ra \v.,D ro&,I_AFUoCI-
The paactive 0 "black market repairs", that is outside of
ahannols, was strictly prohibited but extremely prevalent.
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8. The Soviets have excellent State catalogs for measuring instruments.
There is one catalog for each category of instruments, such as thermo-
meters, voltmeters, and pressure gauges, These catalogs are more
complete than those we had in Germany. They show more standardized
and interchangeable instruments, while the German equivalents showed
more instruments with minor differences in size and construction.
German firms under Soviet control now build instruments shown in the
Soviet catalogs in conformance with the Russian standard. I have
also seen a Soviet book on instruments which was used extensively at
the Institute, It contained a listing and description of all the
standard instruments produced by such firms as Foxboro,' Siemens,
Schaeffer & Budenbergt and others, I believe that this was mostly
a Russian copy or translation of the data contained in the instru-
ment catalogs of these foreign firms.
Enclosuresi
(A) measuring Instruments used in Large Chemical Plants
(B) Reproduced Pictures of Instruments used at GIPKh
(C) Skotoh 1 Electronic Instrument for Chemical Analyses
Skotoh 2 Infra-red Device for Measuring Carbon Dioxide Content
of a Gas
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1. Telethermometer--based on a manometer measuring device for use
up to +300?C.
2. Resistance thermometer with 'Wheatstone bridge circuit and
millivoltmete r or elect ro dynamometer reading (copper, nickel,
iron, and0platinum gesistance wires used). Temperature range
from -200 C to +500 C-
3. Thermo-couples as follows:
4. Pyrometer and pyrido-pyrometer
Reading on a millivoltmeter and temperature range from 5000
to 3000?C.
5. Tube regulator (expansion principle)
The instruments enumerated above were used in all large chemical
plants with the exception of those requiring special instruments
due to danger of explosions as, for example, in plants where
hydrogen is used. In these cases manometrical thermometers are
used, since they overate without elentr:i.n impulses. All the above in-
struments can:also,1o modified to operate as pneumatic or mechanical
regulators, and can be furnished with signal or alarm devices.
Measuring instruments, switchboards, auxiliary devices, etc, for
the above instruments 1 through 4 were manufactured and installed
by the following firms:
Iron-consta ntan
up
to
600?C
Copper-constantan
up
to
500?C
Nickel-nickelchrome
up
to
900?9
Platinum-platinum rhodium
up
to
1600 C
The reading is on a millivoltmeter, thermograph, compensa-
tion apparatus, or signal instruments.
Hartmann & Braun
I C Eckardt'
Mangels
Schellhase & Co (GST)
Askania
Schaeffer & Budenberg
Siemens
Poxborol
Brown J
Steinle & Hartung
IG Farben Plant Control Offices
Frankfurt/Main
Stuttgart
Leipzig
Berlin
Berlin
Magdeburg
erlin
USA and
Soviet Union
Quedlinburg
Hoechst, etc
II uantity Measuring Instruments and Regulators
A. Types:
1. U-shaped manometers and flowmeters. These were made of glass
and operated up to 120 atm pressure (non-reeordir:?).
ENCLOSURE, (A)
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2. Level difference indicators. These were made of V2A steel,
with magnetic indicator, and operated up to 250 atm (non-
recording).
3. Ring manometers--low pressure type up to 6 atm; high pressure
type up to 700 atm. They measure liquids (including propane,
a,nmonia, etc), gas, steam, and other chemicals, provided they
are not corrosive and do not react explosively with the block-
ing liquids in the instruments. These blocking liquids may
be oil, carbon tetrachloride, water, mercury, etc.
4. Pressure difference recorders:
a. Direct recording (sealing ring)
b. Magnetic transmittal
c. Inductive transmittal
d. Diaphragms for low pressure
(a, b, and c can be used up to 350 atm pressure. For liquids
flowing 3 1/li or gases flossing 30 1/h, use instruments as
under 3 above.)
Regulating shutters, regulating tubes, and venturi tubes are used
as throttling devices in conjunction with the above instruments,
depending upon the product to be measured. Armatures and connect-
ing lines must be installed carefully and accurately to assure
proper measuring control.
5. Other quo,ntity meters.
a. Pistol, meters fo.v liquids (app 30 cbm/h; supplied by
IC Eckardt, :itutt;~Lrt)
b. Oval wheel meter for liquids (app 100 cbm/h; supplied by
Bopp & Reuter)
c. \7oltmanii meter for liquids (supplied by Woltmann, Berlin)
d. Gas meter (supplied by Pintsch, Berlin)
e. Greei'e meter and rota meter (floating lift with inductive
transmission; supplied by IG Farben for own manufacture)
Use of these instruments same as for 3 above.
B. Manufacturers:
IG Farben (for own manufacture)
Bopp and Reuter
IC Eckardt
Junkers
Askania
Debro
Hartmann & Braun
Foxboro
Brown
Hoechst, Leuna, etc
Mannheim
Stuttgart
Dessau
Berlin
Stuttgart
Frankfurt
(~7SA and
Soviet Union
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Pressure Meters and 12~' asters
Typos:
1. Micromanometeru from 0-10 mm H2O (also recording)
2. 1&inometer zith diaphragm or membrane 0-30 kg/cm2
1000 kg/cni2
Manometer with IG safety spring, 0 to 2000 kg/cm2
,E7''1( A.
(All above mentioned manometers can be built as instruments for
registering, recording, telerocording and signaling, as well as
for regulating.)
7. Air controlled manometer (manufactured by IG Farben)
8. Air controlled difference manometers (manufactured by IG
Farben)
B. Uses:
The manometers mentioned above can be used for almost all chemical
products and gases. If the games or chemical products are aggres-
sive, intermediate membranes or blocking liquids or V2A armatures
must be used.
Special. firms for the production of manometers are:
Askania Berlin
IC Eckardt Stuttgart
Schaeffer and Budenberg Magdeburg
IG Parben (for own manufacture) Leuna
Special firms for the production of vacuum recorders and regula-
tors:
Hartmann & Braun Frankfurt/Main
Askania Berlin
Soh.ellhaso and Co (GST) Berlin
Debro Stuttgart
IV High Level Indicators and Regulators
A. Typos:
1. Ring manometers using mercury and measuring up to 700 atm
pressure or 0 to 5 m of liquid.
Pressure difference meters which are automatic, magnetic,
and inductive, operating up to 350 atm with a liquid height
of 0 to 10 in.
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3. Float : ? _.tt..._ _.:, operati rig up to 25 atm;
liquid .lei, .t ci 1C 1'..
4. Full float feu der with oua17csrided spring (IG patent), and
with indi ctivo or: i.illivoltmeter reading, with
liquid height up to 3 :.
5. Pressure difference rae?.tcro ra.-do of V2A with magnetic trans-
mittal.
6. Pfleide=nr tube (for b,)ila_ Lou:,:.)
7. Indicators ( t:aticr:_:- ) -:. itti photocell and inspection glass,
operating upp to 250 rtn:.
B. Uses:
All pressure raetars can be installed as inetrumorita for register-
ing, ala_rrning, r~cc-,rding and re.g-ulating. Idith corrosive products,
the same procautionc chould be used as mentioned in III B above.
These instrumontsl are used to measure the same products as indi-
cated in II A 3 ubo?rc:. For liquid gases, eg, propane, ammonia,
eto, the floats should be in the container of the product which
is measured, since: boiling of the liquid can lead to large errors
in moasu^emelit.
Manufacturers of the above instruments are as listed under II B.
Most of the pressure motors, however, were manufactured in the
Control Shops of the IG Farben plants.
V Analysis .Instruments
A. Types, uses, r.,zr_~ryctuiers:
1. Cxygen measuring instrumoirts and recorders
0-1 and 0-0,o' U2 ill N 21 121, C02
The gas sample is paosod over a catalys which causes the
oxygen to combine .rith some o ther?.~eleme t, and the temperature
increase is ;::easured by a therrno-battery (crude measurement).
2. Oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen measuring instruments
and recorders, for gas mixtures containing 0-0.1% 02 (same
as above, except that the: heat determination is by a Wheat-
stone bridge. Sensitive neasureu;crit. )
3. Oxygen measuring instrument for mixtures of 0-1j% and 0-100%
oxygen in almost all gases including acetylene, but not in
riitr~?:s oxide. The measuring principle is a magnetic recorder
of a Wheatstone Lai dge (rinL; chamber method.).
Instruments in 1-3 above have only 20-30 seconds recording delay.
4. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide,
and hydrogen measuring instruments on a mechanical or volu-
metric basis for measuring mixtures from 0-3;% and from 0-100%
of these dasao. The analysis of these gases is based on their
combustion and rooulting absorption, then measuring the decrease
in volume. These instruments are used in all cases where the
speed of recording is not essential, as the recording delay is
2.5 to 3 minutes.
BNCLO3URE (A) SLvRL,T
Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
III?AItIAI _ -9 WOMMEMMMO-01 IF ''~ ~!!~
 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
A 25X1
SECR T/SEOL'ItIT ITTORMATION
-5-
Hydrogen, Jllhur dioxide measuring in-
atr.i.ao:.~-e4 Frc~,r 0_l 2 and frt.0u-20% of the above constitu-
ents os thc;:;u to be a ialyzod. These instruments operate
on the prir.ciul,2~ of the Y_caat conductivity of the gas to be
analyzed in com?arison with that of air. Manufacturing
firms are IG Farber-, Siemens, Hartmann & Braun, .Askania.
These instruments are us,--d mainly in boiler houses and for
fuming gases, an well as for determining hydrogen in the
ammonia synthesis process.
6. Uras gas recorder (infra-red recorder). This is mainly for
measuring carbon monoxide in ooncontrations of 0-0.1%. The
measuring principle is based on the absorption of infra-red
radiations by carbon monoxide. It is used in almost all
technical and synthetic gas analysis and is manufactured by
IG Farben, Pollux in Ludwigshafen, and Hartmann & Braun in
Frankfurt aM.
Density recorder for gases (IG). These are of two typos;
those with electric valve control (IG, Lemur) and those
with mechanical valve control (IG Oppau). The measuring
principle is based on the speed at which the gas goes through
a narrow tube as compared to that of air through a similar
tube. The recording delay is about two minutes and there is
considerable interference if the gases are not pure.
8. Density recorder.for gases. This is based on the principle
of the lift on a glass sphere floating inside an upright
glass tube through which the gas is passing. The recording
is achieved through a magnetic coupling. It is used with
almost all uses provided the base gas keeps its gaseous
form at normal outside temperatures. It can also be used
as an analysis recorder. These instruments are manufactured
by Pollux, Ludwigshafen.
pH motor recorder
Measuring principle:
a. with standard antimony electrode directly on high
resistance millivoltmeter
b. with jlass electrode over compensation amplifier
It is used for measuring the/?dz~r8 il`entration in waste
waters, for boiler feed water purification, for control in
the production of catalysts, etc. These instruments are
manufactured by IG Farbon (for their own use) and by Hart-
mann & Braun (Frankfurt aM).
10. Concentration meter. These operate on the electric conduc-
tivity between two electrodes and with an alternating current
bridge or photoelectric compensation apparatus to determine
the current. They are used for the preparation of salt
solutions, etc, and are manufactured by IG Parben (for their
own use).
11. Titration instruments (for example, instruments for titrating
sulphur trioxide). These instruments depend for their opera-
tion on the change of color produced as, for example, when
sulphur trioxide comes in contact with glucose and iodine solu-
tion to give a. blue color. The color change is then trans-
mitted by a photocell to a recording apparatus. Those instru-
monte are manufactured by IG Farben (for their ,own use).
ENCLOSURE (4) SECRET
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 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
25X1
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
-6-
12. Calorimeter (heat value recorder). The gas which is to be
measured is burned underneath a calorimeter and the heat
liberated is reoorded by a thermo-battery submerged in water.
The difference in temperature between the incoming and out-
going water determines the heat value of the gas. This in-
strument is used to determine the heat values of almost all
combustible gases. It is manufactured by Junkers, Dessau.
VI Other Measuring Instruments and R
The following measuring instruments are special instruments which
are manufactured by IG Farben, Louna, in small quantities only, and
which may show certain differences in the individual pieces.
Dosing devices for liquids
Automatic analysers
Steam pressure recorders
Thrust recorders
Drop counter with photocell
Density meters with photocell (for liquids)
If desired, almost all measuring instruments can be remodeled as
registering, recording, alarm, telerecording, or regulating i- .tru-
monts.
VIZ Comments on the Installation of Instruments
The.most serious mistakes in the technology of measurements develop
thrrugh faulty installation. Therefore, the directing engineer must
bo. a well-experienced man in eleotrio thermo-measuring installation,
in order to handle short circuit of the measuring lines caused by
moisture and/or acidic air; faulty contacts due to corrosion; contact
resistance; defective switches; etc. He must also have enough ex-
perience with mechanical measuring instruments to be able to correct
leaks in the measuring lines and valves; wrong placement of the slid-
ing throttle valves; explosions due to unsuitable tubing material;
faulty placement of the measuring lines in the use of quantity meters
such as flow 1:10; wrong sealing; corrosion; etc.
TNCLOSL'R (A)
Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
25X1
S CRL?`l~ Si~CL , ~:. .f Iitl' RB.Aii~.N
Thermo ocouj(e
Aluminum 910.te
Copper wire Spiral Colts
Qec1ror~%c
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Relat
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COx free
Comparison
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Mea.SU.rin Chamber
loo7o c%Z
Membrane Condenser
Amplifier 4 Rectifier
Instrument (reads directly
in percent; )
KeTCM 2
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ENCLOSURE (C)
Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
Synchronous Motor
Infrared source
Rotating Shutter
Antilgsing. Chamber
 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
25X1
SECHET/SECUIC~-TY INFORMATION
drop passing thru. Iijht beam
L--- f--- start of 'Titior
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Pa-+err% -f-rorr+ ~ho~o-Cle~tn'c Cell:
Pat+ern -From Tuning Fork 6rcu1'
second
loco
Typioal Film Pattern
(no scale)
25X1
Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
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 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
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Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500770016-7
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