GENERAL REPORT ON SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE SECRET POLICE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000500830074-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 28, 2003
• Sequence Number: 74
• Publication Date: August 7, 1947
• Content Type: REPORT

'10.7. al?J NATTOAUM1IDkapf Ct t?i5SIE CF.T1(2Pf L?S1t-1'371 t'i`.E~..
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COUNTRY: POIatd,
SUBJE
INFORMA ION REPORT
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Gemoval Report on Security i,n. Poland and the
Secret Pollee.
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M.....IUM Oil TMf R V ATTDN.OV 1TU
ODNTCNTD IN ANY MANN611 TO AN UNAY NUNI UD PIUIDOFI
h PRON~OITtD OY LAWS u IT MAY NOT Ot II *RODUCQD? IN.
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I: TO .UXESTY.-W ITS 1U SUULTS
NR OF PAGES?6
NO.OF ENCLS: '
aaasteom=ELM;
SUPPLEMENT- TO,
REPORT NO
II41
1. Results:
Radkie doz minister B.P. gave' out the ? iaiformation that up to the 1-,t of April
19b7, 20,000 people have come out, into the open and that as m=W h;4 been ro-
leaved from prisons. In real tt the number of peopla'who' cause out, oP the
forests up to that date mss. 7,600, - of which 17% were members of the, writh
murder and rape on their 'raoq d, who in spite of this are still me :bergs' of
the PPIt,, of the secret police.,;and.of the adiinietration.
Not quits 1% are m%mbcre. of ;PSL'vaho belonged to illegal independence.organiza
tiono. The largest percentagq are common criminals and deserters. Politrlcel
offeadea~e' were very aglow In corm ott sad did it Duly in cases of ~:bzglute
necessity. They suspect that.-coming out into the open is only pre;,ea to
more arrests and a future Ian cwtjon,
2. Preparation to the li. dation of political offenders who have car ^ out iwbo.
the open.
Thst the above fears mere founded is proved by the directives'saat out to
this provincial and county UBP oftLoes.
a. Persons who have come out:lnte, the open are only given a card show.ma
that they have done so.
cuassuFacA:coM COM:~ENT
Annrnvvpd_Fnr RP1PACP 9nlfl Ifl /34 ? r p_RIFPRnLni(1Rn190n(1n1jqnn1R3ni(17A-R
b. No repression or arrests are to be made before the fat of IwW 29l 7 .of
the political nature..
c. Persons who have come out into the open will be arrested.
t, .
d. Orders will be carried out ruthlenely..but successfully.
3. Amnesty at work.
it appears that outside of collecting. information about those who came out
into the open there was no 7.ressure.on ,than,. Thin is not- true about pribon-
era under investigation or who have been condemned, The, APR .. in vin of the
fact that the amnesty was a failure has conducted as big campaign by radio,
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 -press, meetings, and even lectures to children In schools. On the other
handy during that period people who were accomplishing official formalities
i government offices trere being prompted to come cut into the open.
14. feleaee of political prisoners ?.n oOnnection with the Arinest r,
Coming out into the open by these~aid-'not asswue large numbers, first, be-
cause they were few left, and second, they 31:i3`not have confidence In the
amnesty.. For ertamplo; The group "Olken (Raesnow, Mielec) only 14 gave up
their weapons and same. out&
o
ns THO MURD13t CD' GFN ! AL SWI1 tCZtt'cSKI. (See -Addenda No. _ 1.dated 4147)
General Swiereaeweld, Assistant Vice4kintster of national defense, was
killed in a trap organized by Ukrainian bands (banderosoy) on 28 March 19147.
There are, however, indications showing that this trap is not entirely the
work of the UPA. Before he left for his inspection in that territory the
im (secret police) gave him a report (une3rbe not by accident) which was
completely false'and etatea.that this territory is oompleta2y peacemv
Informr.tion given to the. press about this incident was constantly chargod.
First, general SwiercZewski died sitting next to the chauffeur and General
Wieckowrski was riding in the next car (in fact the latter arrived only the
next day).., In the next communique Swierczewski was in command of on action
against an atty.;ked groups- Other reports brought still other versions.
?hat is characteristic is the fact that pursuit was of no avail; nobody was
caught; and no information about the attackers has been available. The
arnoj perhaps knew nothing, but the secret police know for certain who wore
the attackers.
A certain number of criminals were released and since have been exTested
again as recidivists. Among those released the number of political prie-a
oners is exceptionally small.
The background is also interesting. General Swierozewski, it appears, is
have been a thorn in the side of the Soviet from the moment of his trip to
New York and his interest in Slav problems in USA. There is also talk of
difficulties between Sirierezewski as Vied?iinicter of defense and the soviet
authorities (reduction of the Polish arqr and reduction of 'weapons and amun?
ition); (the problem of security on the eastern frontier). Besides this,
two months ago 80 soldiers under a Soviet major in Polish uniform and a
captain went- on a mission from which only these two officers returned after
two months; declaring that the soldiers were all killed and they tyre-only
saved icing refuge in Slovakia.
r,
The murder of S. is qulue mysterious and has not been completely explained.
III. NM
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1.- New Arrivals to Poland
Since 15 March 19147, new NIiVD units have been coming to..Warsaw ul. Jagialonaka,
Praga. Members , of these new units. have orders according to -which they are not
allowed to-be absent from their barraoks.during the day until 7 P.16.
2. Communications
Special?tolephoneu nilV (equipment and installations - Soviet) have been
installed during the first days of Larch in all provincial cZfices of the
Secret police and.militia hq. '1lhis is a special line linking those offices
with Soviet command and the main hq. of the secret police and militia. Thqy
may be used only bpr specially selected personnel and only on special,occa
signs. (Addenda 2) -
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NRV!) activity r in Poland
17 February 19117 in woolaw a locomotive damaged a carllrl of wheat a,-d 'a
ien
the railroad employee Ciebi"era tent to see the damage he was shot doom'b7
the foss Soviet, MVOs. The engineer Jakubiak was also killed. The Polish
authorities did not allow an investigation and did not a11aw azr ceremonies
dur1a.the funeral of the two men.
Ie
1. The Budget for the Secret 2'olico and the Zilitia
Officially 17 biLLion zlaby were allotted for the secret-police (90,000 men).
In fact, the secret police have received 22 billion: 2 billion from the
"rinistry of the recovered territories 1} billion-from the Ld.nistry of O=-
mace; 1 billion from the Propaganda; 500 million from the Idnistry of Food.
The transfer of these funds for the`sninistry of BP will be effected as need
arises.
The number of employees of this ministry had also been quoted falsely, as
without the militia there are 127,000. (Before 1939 there Tiara 23,000
policeman-in Poland in all). The budget of the ministry.of security (B.P.)
is the second biggest after that of national defense. There ere more-BP
employees than. there are people employed by ministry of education (121,000).
Besides, the 127,000, there are 30,000 informers, who receive 5,000 zloty per
months, aside from premiums received for special assignments. The total of
BP,employees militia men and informers is about 250,000 people on a. territory
Which is smaller by 1/4 and a population reduced by 1/3 in comparison with
pre-1939..
2i Present activity of the BP.
This is concentrated on the collection of materials for future opposition
and observation of the ex-underground individuals. The U13 is also pushing
its way to.every branch of the administration and the nation's economy,
The. UB is also taking part in PPIt party life. Iihen signatures aro needed,
they are provided by the sedret police.
3. District authorities do not receive reports frota their own UB or militia
units.
- V:lam ITIA X1.0.
1. The Purge
A purge is being Continued in the ranks of the M.O.
2. Educational standard in the !fie.
Aiming at a higher standard and More authority for the ?4.0. obligatory
edueational.courses have been instituted. An officer must graduate from
high school, and N.C:O. must at least have seven grades. elementary school.
Further increase of'LLO. informer quotas.
Rzeszosl, province. In March the number was 641,-,206 were drafted, 13 were
relieved; at the and of March there were 834 informers.. For these purposes
110,000 zloty were assigned in lfareh. For the let of Feb. 1947, they were
$99 informors, 101 were drafted, 31 released-and 60,000 zloty were assigned.
4. 111.0. behavior during the floods.
b:argr cases of robbery bpr.the M1.0% were note.. In Cmastkow, ;;arsaw province,
.army engineers fought the Militia which was robbing.
5. Attacks on !.1.0, U.
Ukrainian bands are still active (Bialystok, Lublin, Rzeszow provinces) there
are still attacks on the A!.0.. stations.
t~ 4 ~)~-~ r ' ' 1r~r `~{ , i LIVI\AI\
NU L,\ : ti~?_ ~.- ; i ;..i` ~
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thia band - i
were in
). e~ _ htarah in totA.' 73 attacks which is- 37 more
ttiviliena w ad and 13 captured. Lbbt from ti~is activity is: 1 oarbdne,
automatic ri t` a and about 500,000 zloty
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-4-
4 ar. Irr comparison with February, the' ~larttit r of captured acme was
~,8]cen i as 3~5 items: grenades, ammunition] .minas, roak?t pro~ootor sari one
n t SEDMITI .
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~nn Ltar~at2 operational gsoupa conducted !~ ,aetl orn against Ulcraintau bands,
fleatroyed orb, killed 27 meyn, wounded bn3' and sapturth Il. Mi3pm
that the casualties- iure greater but ve q ,ferr captured.Spring b?onht
9 urity in Pagsnwdd
oouparison with the previous period- or1minality Increased only a little.
j~titoro securitypolice were active the situation was little better. The
3leroentaVe of detected crime is on the increase.
eezaw provincb. 1}x.3 crimes, 165 solved. (40%) 303 investigations ware
I.Ide in March,, 125 gave positive results, CivLlians returned 367 weapons
.tch makes 100 'more than in Marsh. It must be noted that oouw on that
.00 robbery is 06t hebreasing, this being ?Ohe' result ot a lack of personnel
at` the M.O. stations and their laziness. Theft on railroads is cm the
decline.
VIT$PPIiOVOQIT 0 y
kftPs-of unload rn individuals,. probably PM and often UB, pretending to
b ;;forest grou00 or P~Ii sh Aragr, are carrying out attacks on the population.
~iaauw, 21st P' b. 19k1 Individuals .in Po13ah uniforms attacked w1w slaw
51i ak in Krae4 and telling him that ho did not vote for the government
that' robbed tuff and ksiled him Belong n th his w fe. Such incidents are
fi'equont in the territories where Vkrainion bands are active.
Y.LIZt Pc~u.1'i"iCAjL;; T1 Ini.S .
in March the tz3aa of the members and leaders of the all Polish youth
-(3;',lodzieay wetcobbpalskle3) and 09 10116 F.N ('.;ilo?z$ez t7ielkiej Polsid-
(Greater Poland Youth) reerui ixg mt bard mostly, among univeruitsr students
and the vlroclaw Pd iteohnic tgok placeo. One of the accused was found in-
nocent. In the hearest flsturm the trial bf the V;?Ei (';olnosa i Ntepodleglosai.
Freedom and Independence) + .1 take place in Cracotir. About 50 ? people are
involved. This trial will be .prosecuted by Lt. Col. Karlinor. The accused
probably will be aoquited thanks to the amnesty. The aim of this trial is
discrediting MM And the matter of prestige.
, [: COMSTRAIIrk OP RL'SIDIiNCL AND OF ,MRK
w r.
the U]3'are putting into.force'a decree on a prohibition
or changes o residence and of work. (Addenda ,3) 11
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ADDENDA NO. 1
Date of report. April 1947
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This is information received from members of SwLerezr'rski s, party and the
lobal.population.
28 isdroh 2947, Swierezewski'arrived at Sanok iv:' an inspection. From there
he went to Lesko accompanied by the Sanok political officer and a lieuten-
ant. From there he decided to go to Cisna on the frontier where there is
a military post. The Colonel C.O. in Lesko tried to dissuade him; it being
a risk in connection with Ukrainian bands. .Svri.erczewski answered that he
had secret police reports confirming that the region is absolutely peaeoful..-
Got-into his car and left -in the direction of Waligrod. The road enters a
canyon after ',Saligrod; both sides of the canyon are wooded and as the car
was nearirig this, it came under fire from the front.' The General I s car was
first and a certain distance behind came care with the escort. First shots
kMed Swierazewskies chauffeur and hit his ADC. Swierezewaki and the polir!
tic 1 officer jumped into the ditch. Fire here was directed at his and
while her was trying to get away he was shot in the stomach. Instead of
seeking shelter under a close-by bridge, standing in the water of the ditch
he started looking around. The political captain, shot in the leg, was ask-
ing him to get under the bridge, at which moment two bullets struck him,, one
in his heart, the other in the hip. Daring this time, his escort started
fire and the Ukrainians, seeing that SSwierrczewski had fallen, escaped without
losses.
There were three killed and one wounded on the Polish side. All this hap-
pened .at ll O0 AJ. At 1 P.b,. Swierczewski was taken to Sanok from where
a secret police and arqr unit .were dispatched after the Ukrainians. These
units; having arrived on the spot of action, waited around and came back
from there at 6 P.r. cursing Swwierozewski and the incident.
General Wieckowski from Warsaw arrived next day, 29 March 1947, after
which Swierczewskirs bocy was taken to fzeszovi by car and from thore-was
flown to Warsaw.. It must be added here that April 1, 1947, a truck with
soldiers, going from Waligrod to Ciena was attacked in the same
spot., This cost the lives of- two Polish soldiers, trio were wounded and
seven taken prisoner. No casualties were suffered by the attackers.
ADD MA NO. 2
Report on Special "Utz" telephones in Polish hq.
!hiring the first. days of March all provincial secret police and militia
hq. vlore linked with special telephone lines with each other and the main
hq. of the militia in Warsaw and also with the nearest hq. of the Soviet
arnpr stationed in the piu'ticular province.
The Soviet authorities delivered the equipment. The directive below per-
tains to the manner in.which these special telephone "ViCz" are to be used,,
It appears that the installation of this system of communication has been
organized to facilitate action against all opposition and to facilitate
provocation. -
Directive: Signed by Major General Piitold, No. 23"0" 2/`1/47
Special Orders No. 21. Top Secret.
In connection with the installation of special "WCz" telephones in all
provincial militia hq. I orda::
1. The special "VdCz" telephones may only be used by the C.O. of tho
provincial militia and by persons designated by his as especially trust-
worthy.
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ADDENDA NO. 2 (cont)
2& the special ti Czn telephone will be attended during 24 hours. The c.o.
of the provincial militia will designate two-or three of his trustworthy
employees to attend the telephone, receive and relay phorugrams.
3. Phonograms on important incidents will be relayed by the special tele-
phone to-main hq. of the militia; the special incidents are:
a: disarming of a militia unit, attack on a prison;
b. fight with bandits,, liquidation of bands;
c. anti-semitic riots;
d. murder of a militia. man;
e. especia].1y urgent pursuit of bands or criminals;
f. internal militia cases of special importance;
g. important political incidents;
4. Phonograms will be short, clear and to the point. No phonograms may
last more than 10 minutes.
5. C.O.s of provincial militia are personally responsible for carrying
out ry orders above.
n
ADDENDA NO. 3
Prohihttion of change of place of employment.
The UB is enforcing compulsory work. Leaving your place of employment
without permission ie punished by court procedure, as in the USSR (progu).
Besides thie,compulsory work in general has been instituted. O hers of
apartments who do not work are evicted. The following directive published
by the UB has been sent to all institutions so as to prevent unauthorized
change of place of work, or because of personal security and fear of arrest.
The real aim of this is the continuation of observation of all citizens
and to create material dependence on the state.
1. Requests from each candidate for government employment will contain a
written statement on whether he has until now worked in another government
employment, that his position was, and why he wishes to change.
2. If candidate was employed in a different bronc:, of the government,
demand proof that his superiors are willing to:al'.ow him. this change.
3. Request an opinion about the candidate from his superiors and courplote
the, personal records of the candidate with references of his superiors and
records of his previous emplctiyment.
4. Candidates received in a new branch will be accepted only for work in
the low3st category in that branch. If theyahould be placed in category
7. the agreement must be obtained from the head of personnel of this branch,
i 01
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