THE TOWN OF STAVROPOL AND THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600020053-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 16, 2010
• Sequence Number: 53
• Publication Date: May 2, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

^em,rMAI ;AlTCI tj E'fdr'C ercWrv RFPn42T t 50X1-HUM
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li'~Jt IlmM 1 ~~ rest.r?,rrs r Co NO.
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
T:, ^vwr; .r a+;arro; c.: , r.,9
St~lTta; f. . rrit'ry
DATE DISTR, 2 May 1952
NO. OF PAGES 5
NO. OF ENCLS. 1
(LIVED BELOW) (A) 2 paged
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
:::::. n:.'.. u..' d.c'.......c .... .... .
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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1. Stavropol is the Chicf Administration centre of the Stavropolskiy 1(ray
(Stavropol Territory), the former territory of the Terek Cossacks.
2e For more than one hundred years, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
the Terek a*>'i Kutan Cossacks formed the frontier guard defending the territory
of the Russian Empire against the aggressive Caucasian tribes or in other words
they were the advar..c+,.gurard of the Russian forces conquering the Caucasus.
During that time ?t&-ropol was one of the places of. first importance, being
the main transit c&mp for the Russian forces and the capital of the Terek
Cossacks. After tht conquest of the Caucaaue the town lost itsimparte.nce
and became an or.3inary A ir.Lstrative centre of a Province.
3. Even the main Caucantan railway from Rostov-cn-Don to Baku by-passed Stavropol
which was approximately 40 km north of this line.
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i'=, AttNr the Revoiution of 1917 3travopol did no, regain its importance but, as the former
crnite of th e very excl,.atr: AM largely anti-Soviet Torok Cossacks, was always very
cerefully watched by the Ze,,ria: Government. During the mass change of place names
Stavropol became `Jc.r~ahilovaY.. When Soviet troupe liberated the town from the Germans
an official eomnr.Tniqus was issued; rafter heavy fighting our victorious troops liberated
the town of Stavropol". From tt?at day of 1943, without any decree of the Supreme Soviet,
3 Avropol regained its old "ma.
5. The Stavropol territory covers a vest extending in the west to the Rostov and Krasnodar
Provinces and in the north and the east t,; the Astrakhan Province. In a comparatively
short sector rlorth of the river Terek, the eastern border of the territory runs along the
C.rspian Sea coast, In the mouth the Stavropol territory approaches the Caucasus mountains.
6. From the ;eographieal viewpoint the Stavropol territory is divided into two areas: the
north-eastern il+at and steppe country and the south-was.ern undulated or mountainous.
7. The Stavropol Territory belongs chiefly to the syfstems of the rivers Kuban and Terek.
Unfortunately both these rivers flow rather along the borders of the territory and except
in the southern area, the bulk of the Stavropol Territory suffers from lack of water and
needs artificial irrigation.
B. Moat of the sae., r:ve:s'ard. streams dry up during the summer causing considerable losses
avery year among the livestock bred in the extensive pastures.
9. The problem rf irrigation has a.ready been partly solved by the construction of the
Nuanychekiy Canal connecting the river Don through lake Bolehoy Manych with the northern
part of the Stavropol territory.
10. Another important canal was conetruoted in the South during the period 1946-50, the
Nyevinnc-mysakiy Canal, connecting the river Kuban with lake Sengileyevskoye situated
approximately 15 km west of.Stavropol. In charge of the construction of this canal was
Engineer.Bochkin, who is a very average technician but energetic and a good organiser.
At present BoWhkin is entrusted .rlth the construction of the south Ukrainian canal.
11. the Nyevinno-
myeekiy Ca to approximately ?.50 1 km long and t -fie- reason for such a 50X1-HUM
length is that there is extremely difficult country (rocks and mountains) between the
river Kuban and lake Senglieyevskoye. The lake itself is situated in a deep valley
surrounded by mountains reaching approximately 400 metres above the lake level.
12. The main purpose in constructing the Nyevintomysskiy Canal was to irrigate the Stavropol
area and to save the lives of thousands of head of livestock. Stavropol itself, was
finally supplied with an adequate quantity of water. Moreover a powerful Hydro-
Electric plant was built somewhere between Stavropol and Nyevinnomyssk which supplies
the Stavropol area with electricity. The Stavropol Hydro-Electric Plant commenced
work on 1 May 50.
13. The climate of the Stavropol territory Is similar tc that of the other provinces of the
Northern Caucasus. There are dry and hot summers, short and rainy springs, rainy.autumvs
and severe and snowy winters. The real plague of the Stavropol territory as well as of
the other parts rf the Kuban and Don basins and the Caspian coast is the notorious'
north-east wind blowing from Siberia and Kazakhstan. Approximately every three weeks
all the year round the severe north-east wind blows uninterruptedly for five to seven
days at a stretch These winds affect also the Black Sea. Coast, in particular the
Taman Peninsula and the town of Novoroesiysk. In summer the north-east winds cause
heavy sand storms and Militiamen, railwaymen and members of other services in the
Novoroesiysk area always wear protective glasses while on duty. In winter the wind
affects the vegetation and caussa numerous cases of nervous break-down amongst the
poprlation,
14. The vegetation of the territory axeept in the south is for the most part typical of the
steppe country{ there are large areas of pasture land and very few woods.
15. The stavropol Yrovinee has very little industry and is a purely agricultural country.
, _ a ,... is almost .n+. rely connected with agriculture. In
Z
d
avo
Stavropol itself only one large enterprise, T.ne rtyexraania==cas ay
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manufactures various types of machinery, chiefly agricultural equipment.LL
SECRET//BCURITY INFORMATION
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. 'The Stave . pull t err its m tv the nr.+r thorn. CausmnFza railway system,. The main 'line
tioa` r_Pe,1' rur:s th.; o+w h tkle ao:tthern area t f the territory. The other parts o: the
territory are c~~nn~sc`-.~ } wi h +h2 fcc=tuv_A,a'r. ; retlwxy by the line Yropotkin (KeM"~eze'rsyz) -
Di,vrnoye with branches VVIk3;ai.offakoye - Stavropol end Pyetrovakoye-Blagodernoye. Another
Brain line ranch r: .t frrn Gecrgrf ek to TlAennovek. All these brencee are rather
secondary lines of llmlt+~. track capecfty, Tho Astrakhan Yiz1yar-Grozniy railway does
not exercise any dire^t irf2'ence on the economic development of the Stavropol Province.
1g, There
is a rant iina was u er Nona u.. o , imsairg r o,*eek,
which has been abandoned. This btrnah was apparently planned by the Czarist Government.
The track-bed and bridges were already constructed and then further work was abandoned.
19, The southern area of the Sta.r:opol territory connects with the main line Rostov-Baku by
several local brancee running from Prokhlednaya and Nyevirnomyesk..
20. Most roads in the Stavropol territory are earth tracks. Owing to the dry weather and to
a hard rocky surface, those earth tracks are, in the summer period, good for any type of
motor transport. During the winter and during the muddy spring, motor vehicles cease to
operate.
21. The great majority of the population of the Stavropol territory is Russian. There is a
considerable percentage of Cherkyesl live, chiefly in their native area in the northern
part of the Caucasus mounta:ne.
22, The Russian population consists of the nativesv Terek Cossacks in the villages, in the
towns the so-called a'Mogorodniyel (non-Cossack native Russian town population), and the
new settlers.
23. During the collectivisation the Terek Gc sacks, for the greater part anti-Communists,
were treated in exactly the same wry as the Kuban Cossacks a member of them were shot
or deported to Siberia and many villages were completely destroyed by the 17D troops.
But the Stavropol Province was not to attractive to the new settlers from Central
Russia as the Kuban Co8aecktl territory. Therefc-?e, when the Kuban territory was flooded
by the masses of newcomers f nom Leningrad, Moscow. and other central provinces the Terek
Conzacka ra:ar d in the majority in their villages and a comparatively small number of
the newcomers. were settled in the towns.
24. During World War II the Russian and Cherkyeai population of the Stavropol Territory re-
mained in general anti-Communist but at the same time they were pro-Russian and anti-
German. In other words the Russians were loyal to Russia and the Cherkyeei realised that
being a very small tribe, they had no alternative but to be loyal to the Moscow Govern-
ment. Therefore,, when the Kalmuka and Checheno-Ingushes were severely punished for their
pro-German sympathies, the Terek Cossacks and Cherkyeai survived and the town of
Voroehilovek disappeared from the maps of the Soviet Union and Stavropol regained its
old name,
25. In spite of their loyalty during the war, the 'Moscow Government does not trust the
inhabitants of the Stavropol Territory. The Stavropol Territory has no industry and new
investments are made more with regard to the geographical situation of the Stavropol
territory between the two industrial areas, Stalingrad and Grozniy, than for the benefit
of the Stavropol population,
26. The Cherkyesi are properly supervised by the Soviets and the administrative organization
of their territory prevents any possibility of political emancipation.
27. The Stavropol territory consists of the Stavropol Province and of the autonomous Cherlyeea
Province. There are approximately 40 regions in the Stavropol territory..
28, The Autonomous Cherkyeee Province occupies the southern part of the territory bordering
on the Georgian Republic. There is the area of the famous Caucasian spas such as
T4inyeralniye Vody, Pyatigorsk, K'tsl.ovodsk, Essentuki and others, The Capital of Cherkyees
Provine is the town of Cherkressk.
Province and made then self-governing regions subordinated directly to the Territory
Party Committee at Stavropol. In other words the only riches of Cherkyess Province, the
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ILLEGIB
~;, T'a! 7'!'rr to ca 'i HQ a Op,,.. is fCPi.on57.b:,3 for the :I+.rs_-f Of the ,+l;016 StA.rr
..c. ,?'GB iaa mabordin+!.ted to the Stf'rropol }!Q.
3 . the Cherkyesa Prov";,. is as we l ass tho other Party and Cfve..rnment institutions
':l_3 iltononmois Cberl--'yec pro in,! cGna:.mt .,.:' a&7eat .jority of v~tleri!yect b'o:. Rusctai
--upe-visore are ae 'ieputy chs+.irmen or secretaries. 'n ht PrOv'i .-:e. 3:'rltt i se?ir. tha d.eputjchairmr.-a le RuselcD. Three (he.''-yeas m? t;e
lr:rial 7.)giet nre ntmber3 of the :>Upreme Soviet the USSR. They nre a'lo,
t^ inter:`-re in gone ?4ra:'. ar^_airs, the; could write directly to uaoacow but in fact the
are highly re!pect-i a- = almost completely powerless. Tr all ryitters corcnrrirg the
roll tiral and soi:~KI problece O Cherryers Province, 1'?Cz?ow and, the !'avropOl Territ'}: .
Executive C4nti.tt~e nrv~e t~.e lraat worl.
35. In genersl the Che-lrye,i ,e-r e. poor and backward tribe. They are good eoldiera and
horeemen, tney are irtell .gaot and quickly adapt. themselves to rcderrl education arx3 tr.-
new way of life. The, are VOSlems and even the younger generation brought zp in the
towns among the Russia p-p..atfo-n are ncit Indifferent to religious mettere. There ar=:
many cases where even the Cc3Tur.xli eta visit the mosques unofficiefl .
,:b. They like old stories and I.1aditior 'ea of their national heroes but prefer the Rtasian
way of life to their pc r r_114;e3 in the inoarrikain3. The percentage of m~.xed Pussc,-
Cherkyess marriages is co"ipe atively small. 50X1-HUM
the rnint?^_r of int bi arts of 5tav opol to be apprnaclnare' 6C .C001, ul*w:o.
.
-
ent;rely atu615lA11.6. a+c ,.: w.
.cortry. S`a-rrtown it ei tu'ted in the~sarrdstone area .5affPT1ng :?..m of t.mtw
the efore the town is but almoat eatirely of atone and bricke. As a yr?a, _; ab r
of 1 nlan towns the streets are very long and straight and the retie, to en .y is t?
t~ ild the towns in rag.: ar blocks.
3`?. A a'.eep and deep canyon dividfats the town into do partag the town c's.i:rr and the l r
oaa writ st o~ ~ .
station being on the 3 , a+.he:n side of the canyon. The railway branch fr,
r ios across difficult terrain and has, several very sharp ca rv=_a ',rithi-a the rvaat. fife
railway station is ait''ated or, the eastern outskirts of the tc.
39. The Vorosn for Prospyekt, r ma,:cadani road, goon the station to the taw:.
centre. The station it'elf is sit3a:ted in open -ountry m.r.-A the ?bt iit p srsa beg e a,
t,' } e .".t. i
prrxjm:+ ~ely 6.r ,t. mctre:s west of e.tior. alOn the Vorc=kilo Proapy~?kt, At its
am-1 the Voroahilor ?nnaapy, bo J:.3.;:?a the niacaclezn road r;;.arraarg n th-e c'r fr r the. G,,
Apanaeyenko memorial to i.enln Street along the Publii Par"-:'
i0. Street r?-..nnir.g earl-wee and cebbls.s with aholyzhn;k^ t the , ,ci , ;street of Stu-:
111-t other Streets a ec tame a 5=1: iy?f2Ilik? S~.If9 e rnd stone pavements. Crl cone o.,
,caller streets in ,he out.gkir',s . the tern are ttnpaved, 50X1-HUM
There are vez, ?, v trees an,ewers in Stavropol ` cause Of the car ant nor
!.h--950X1-HUM
large wood of ` coo ier o as s- _~s extends from the we tern side of tt,>i ..o :~
The Water aupi.ly coxe? ii con the Ttyctl.'>nos 'asi t C.,rial and 1.I? electricity is a pplled
the vie- Fydre. -Elec trl r plan,
~
T3iere is no se-wage syeten in the' town, not even to the new modern buildings.
~,ered for the Truropenn ,.vpe of levxtoz lea . cry
ao'ern inete.lia iar, would be trot, of order os'fini .er r'_ A MM he
Vrr.:ae of Scientists"., c'Jilt in 11949.-50: on. the tnaaao square in Stavropol, was provided wi
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i-; ^ri:k and ;,r? its sardntore houses gives the imprearion of
' zz g-4ere1 Stevrvp;~l with
ri.+.r and pltreaT:t town,
45. The Gor?arnrent and T?a. y affa--e: ao roncontrated ir, the western sector of the Voroeh5lov
V=-'spyerv 8,31:.1. 5.11 tLe
she Text, soril.t and the F!xrty Executive Committee cc tecatzddaonUthe lorosshhit~ -story Frospyekt? the firsst In a three-story brick building,
store } ee t?1 t to the Party i`7ec+ tivez Committee is a large brick house of the
Territorial MQB HQ. he gown Coun~i.l and Town Prrty Committee are in the vicinity of
the Col Gen Apenn?yenko Memorial. (Gen Apanasyenko a Terok Cossack and Former GCC
Central Aniatie Y,ilitery Di9trLet wac killed in action in 1943. The memorial stands on top
of e hill).
The HQ 4 Independent Kuban Cossack Dix is located in a .,two-story stone building at NO 13
47. Cava}. Regts are located in
1;ag;ena?,i.oh Street perellel t,, Lenin Street. The 9 and 42 ry
.en.in Str?~et.
pro-
She State Bank is also located on Lenin StreetDurin and, somew War at tthe he easier Fend of
48..
Lenin St, is the Faunae rce 7h rectory.
duce. bombs for the Air Fo Force. This is probably the only large industrial enterFrise in
Stavropol.
Frunze Factory near t 'h'e rL'ilwastation y
North of number
large are s number of large and smaller ,
first objective bombed by the Gorman.. an 1042.
;O. Stavropol is also an Education. Centre of the Ter-ritor^y. There are the Medical Institute
(normally five years training'), the Pcdr. ogical Institute and the School in the large
build i.ng of the former Du1 hovnay:, Syemin1ria.
51. 'ShN. main west-east transit road runs elcng Lenin Street Bankwidththenoftothethestrenorth is suf-
fic3.ert for three arm type lorri acre st)
the Voroshilov Frodpyeift to the railway station. Also for west-ems; traffic one could
to theKegs" ation by the (cobbled' dial Lenin Street to the eastern end, then to the north
sap anoviob Street
earth trsrk There are no good roads running north-s%i`h heesuae
.
Of the doep canyon north of t s '-owe. comma
the i,c of
52. The Sta-rropcl Airfield is situ ed ap1ror~.mptel~ four- to fire km west ar
Le: r, street along the Army -ir The airftcld, well ec ul.r! e-; im located alenE the
-..d extends a large field, used during =orld
t
.. _
o
f
War II as an emergency larding L o-..-.
53. This field makes an i.ie, land:? 11 o'u = in s7i;rer and 1sa in
the rfield is cobbled awl Zo;, for motor traOsport
5 The jlrrwev r road betwoon th,t tGWn an-1 the At
4. ?,?thAr is tLe , e,.~t there is an ordinary ea:.th. stepps ..rak
all the year rc~.Lnd. ,:. tr
ENCLOSURE (A). Sketch OC thr? tenter of Own c,3hb Legend.
3 >L"?/SECUflXTT INF47k2;f TICK
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-7, (A)
c,1. , -2-
rar-
/,~I.,...?, tenon
'?.,.. T rri.:cr3el ker f Cor!t. e
1/4....... Territo.?1ei Party Erec ztivt C0.-xd-ttee
/#5....... Territorial Prrre;i tor;s Offi"
##w....... Officers' Club
##i....... Terr1torie.1 t,GB PQ
#{ ....... Town Coun,:i1 and Toa P.srty Ccrx:ittee
....... StaaropoliYoye $uvoro^zFOy e `Jchiliahche (Stavropol Cadets' College)
##10...,.. Stavropol vlcdiaal 7nntita.te
##11...... P agoC;i.al Irstitaite ax.u in titute for Foreign Le.ag:ages
##i2...... New oonetructione. a College; House of Scientists; one. building belonging
to the MVD
##13...... HQ 4 Indep Cavalry Diviaion
#14..:... 9 Ca Mlry Reg. narracka
#15...... 42 Cavalry Regt 3a ra_kn
##16...... The Frunze Mechanical Factory (tl;:_;roxir to situation)
/#17...... POL Dump (Nyeitbaaa) (Approximate situation)
J#18...... State Bank
#%19...... Town Bathe
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