BACKGROUND OF BOILER CONSTRUCTION AND USAGES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600030464-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 2, 2011
• Sequence Number: 464
• Publication Date: February 7, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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VIJ\JJII IVI111 V1
CENTRAL-rye r~~aUEr~~e~3~v~~
::?^~~*iresat~ i ea~ee %'ci s~T
PLAC E
AC(~UIRED
DATE
ACQI~ IRED
NO. OF ENCLS.
uisrEO se~ow~
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
1. Prior to Wor13 War II, technical development in the Soviet boiler industry was
z mirror
in rabic to the hea~ing surface . ^ -
0,22
- 0.3.
Ploor surface per.l~m c~ heating
Voaume of ~the~~steam space per one
square meter of heeting stu~fe.ce _,
fi$
- 100 1ltres.
Furnace.xge~~ls~ed ins].cle the fire-tube, although?outs3E!e furnaces were used
for damp .fuels. auch~at, Fire-tubes tror~ wave. ar smoot~,-fortified
gu:'Raced'(7+demson ty ,?'iP r is the diameter of the barrel of the boiler,
_ 0.~'D~ for -one fire-tube boi2b3~` ~::.~:'_'
p 0.5` '? -~ 250 Amn. Lo, 300 mm !'or $il'o: ~Li.~e-tube. boilers.
Oases, after passing, through fire.-.tubes,. ~pi-t~ atb~il, ~. bna~+el.:of the -boil-
.ea, ,but im ord'er .to escape oveZhea'titig of thG stoma=4pice in' t'~se, upP~. i~
o>L the t5oiler; s eteeaa superheater wan p3,icea~ imaeEliatel~ a?ter the fire--
tnties tbl~cool't~:e gasses.
~S. ~:putl;ov concern .Leningrad, built boilere,?,wish doabls.heating; gases from.
tiro fire.-tu ea of t ?"~~51re type teturaedthraui6h:,~he hater by means, 'of
~y thit, fir?-tubes. This comtination of Iiacailitre'.~i'1er with Mire=tube
proved au economical space sa~t':r in boi~,er rootai, brit"ii~ hard to clean due to
the Sow ratio of t'a~. 'fire=tube sectior. to `.he iialaCe of tl~e grate, equal ~ to
0.7.:. - 0.],j? 'i'he Lsxtcashire type holler was most pzadoainant iri Soviet industry
prior tc~ Worid War II, such as che>tdcal- and 33atil]atioa factories (Fodka-Zsrx.Y)
where peer and steam trere impoa~taat elements.
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. In 1940, the Soviets careT~l~y stu4ied ins ructions from the German ":Union of
Ovuers of Large Nater-'voll'lAP Boilers?. Materials xere gathered to build small,
German-type, one fire-tube boi?..err, with heating surface equal to is - 50 square
meters; and xorking pressure equal to 6 - l5,lttmy although no.such boilers, to
aa;,r kno~+ledge J firers ever actuA~I V produced.
6. Locomobiles and lacomobile boilers, popular in the USSR during the World filar I
era, xere sti]1 being built by the Ifrasay~ KoteJ.shchik ogncern in Kherson, and
the Kolanna Locomotive Factory prior .to 1941. `:.fro types xere most prevalent,
both containing numerous fire,tubea with a furnace inside the boiler, ':he same
as wan used for locomoti+n bailers. These xere pretty much copied ai'ter Wo~.Y and
Company, Magdeburg, and the Cserman Lange. boiler, Specifications were:
Diameter of fire-tube 45,60.mm.? ,
Length .n " 2001) - 2500 mm.
wolfing surface of all .. ,
lire-tubes .0.16 - 0.20~of the surface Grate.
Superheaters, in large lacomoti+.?ea o:~ly, xere placed :n the smoke-box. In some
later boilers, fire-tubes. were shortened to 1400-2600 ma}, in order to have hotter
gases and a better superhsating of steam.
7. Retirn-Tubular Boilersy copied from Garman-tyg~ Skiff Kernels, tge:zer Belrieb,
Halle, xere made in large q+iantities.in the USSR. TDsT ha(i reverse fire-tubes
and an internal i~rnace, xith a?heating surface equal to 100 square meters.
Used prinexpally for river steamers,, .the hoL gaNV.fro~m the furnace passed
through the?npper group of fire-tubers to the end of the boiler, then returned
through the laver groug of fire-tunes to the smoke-ste~c~at the face of the
bo.J.er. Steamboats; complete~xith boilers, wire built at the Leninska~a Kuznia
factory.ia.glev,. then di.ap:autled, loaded an trains, and sent to Vladivostok,
where tn~y xa_re reassembled: Small guntoats xere hastil;,r boil: at this factory
in 194?-19~1,'aad-gent to"Che Amur River and Vladivostok, d+:3pite publicity to
the affect that the Far Feat xas technlcaLy independent of 13uropean USSR assist-
an~e. atm.+:]ar con8tructioa xsr.' underwy at the Kamerida, o- Ihiiepradzardzinsk
factory. .
8. L~scometivee vcrR a]most exclu: i.~~,,? built-~at Kol.om:io ?PardvdsostroitelxLye Z9vody",
near Mosco~r. There here large, SHCH--type: models designed by En~3inerx Shohukin.
Average load far these van , J2 - l~+ passenger care"; a't a speed of ?7j - 85 kilo-
meters per hour. Prier to lTarld liar II~ great efxorts wrxe made in the USSR
to replace steam engines rr_th Die~els,,the.beat,mpdel.by Professor Lomonosov Lfn].
These xere'?not siieces^3v?.~du~ -to~nxtremr vibration.
. pu.
9. Although small.?steam inatal~,a?tlona, rTare being; converted to internal combustion
motors by 1~~-1, 'large poweY~`stations still re1ie3 heavily on steam.. Marine
bailers rere of Babcock Fc Wilson design, with a auperhsetar an top and 22 rove of
water-tubes:
Memeter - 83 - l02 spa. .
.. 'I+angth ~ ~ 'up tp.8 frget4:rs`(avcrage
3 ~ncl+~etiion oY' tubes r lt4 or 1:5~
Het bases made two tc three turns: through the tubes, due to high, narrox
boilers., Steam superheaters were planed bekrreen the rater. t?:,~es tvc
the hF:ating. sut~face .or 396. .,
.. -~: .
~~. Factory boilers had'usuaLly 7 - i0 rows of water=t+~es~ their inclination equal
to 1:3. Tfp ~0 3~ s4~ meters of heating eurface.boilers had one drums over.
that they heti ttiU qr three drums. pressure allowed was l,5 f~.tm. Large
factories used vertical boil,xrs aP Sterling desi.ga~ xith additia~na7. screening.
GO:~N"IDSARTA'L~
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These. had up to three drums,,, erith .pondered-?aoa]. Yhruaeaq. .B~t~aa vepa p~Sncig~ly
made in Factories at ieningrad~ Ei$ol.sev and Hagnitogorsk.?; ' ,
11. ?3oi7.ers were,well?made, but?btoke d,oiFa Frequently, ospocia]1y electro-central/toem
heating systems, due to poor maintenance. Steal deteriorated rapidly duc to
lack of cleaning; and hb1ES.~ppeax~d dot tubea.~ bariie3s_;and.:'H,'t+oms' atter':a yaar!s
use.
12. Up tc x.941, the Henson :~ype boi.'ler?.waa of groat interest;to Soviet-e{~giaeera.:
These, hoeraver, were abandoned erlth the . advent : of gas.: gaasaratore wanking aa..etood
and charcoal: 7Cn the ?Henson-type buid~~. tcator, v~aa. pux~d .through apixal `oboe,
heated to 374?G~ where heat of evaporation erne a, and stater passed into the
steam oP the?aema?volume?and 224 Atm of prosenre. 't'his steam passed through the
tubes of a sirper'ti?ater, then through a:reddctor,??bringi'4ig?it to a nvede~ eto:kiIlg
pressure, where it .is.'directed'into the teirbine. Circulating tubes and drums
were not requirecL Tubes were amaJl~ ir: dieoetor~ equal to ?A - 32 ma. . ffiF~cienry
coeFFicient of this boiler was FourR to '.x~ over 90?~i.
13. Follororing was a lint of recommended reading For.botLar.bpginaers.in the.~SR up
to-ZOLI?
Eberles M:treisen von Walser au's?. dem ~amplicesee].. - .
9chisltze;: Der Derzeitige Stand dfac F.eezeramgtachnikc.
Munad.ger;:. Die Leistuagstalgornng von i3mssdsdpilceseeln:.
Oui3.leeume:.. ~brf?ruagen und? Borderuagen.pos? PPaktisc~enKoasela?~.
'.be~briebea. _ ...
3chak': .. ?16euese Evkean'Lniase, 9aP xtam Cebi~teder. WLrmestrchiung.
Metzner and Heinrih 0 DanpFkesseln.
. ??..
Spaikhaete~; Prxtz.Schnpider'uad Ar 88ster. Das~ceaseln.
s. ??
P Ltz~aRC~el~v'.c._ "-Steam.Su3.lere^.
'~ILLEGIB
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